2745 RP 286 RP0286-12 Patterns of Vulnerability in the Forestry, Agriculture, Water, and Coastal Sectors of Silago, Southern Leyte, Philippines Gemma Teresa T. Narisma, May Celine T.M. Vicente, Emmi B. Capili-Tarroja, Faye Abigail T. Cruz, Rosa T. Perez, Raul S. Dayawon, Julie Mae B. Dado, Ma. Flordeliza P. Del Castillo, Marcelino Q. Villafuerte II, Leonard Christian G. Loo, Deanna Marie P. O... Joel T. Maquiling 2011 The Manila Observatory, The World Agroforestry Centre, and The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Manila, Philippines 132 Climate projections analyses and indicator data on exposure and vulnerability show that the municipality of Silago, Southern Leyte is at risk to the impacts of future climate changes. The coastal barangays, where most of agricultural land are located and which have high population density, are especially at risk due to the projected decrease in rainfall and the potential increase in sea levels. Inland barangays, on the other hand, are at risk because of relatively higher increases in temperature, which may also have adverse effects on the inland forests located in the area. These results are based on the projected climate changes for an A1B scenario using a regional climate model, RS-GIS analyses, and the available data obtained for the study. Philippines English -1 Narisma GT, Vicente MC, Capili-Tarroja EB, Cruz FA, Perez RT, Dayawon RS, Dado JM, Del Castillo MF, Villafuerte II MQ, Loo LC, Olaguer DM, Loyzaga MA, Banaticla-Altamirano MR, Ramos LT, Habito CM and Lasco RD. Patterns of Vulnerability in the Forestry, Agriculture, Water, and Coastal Sectors of Silago, Southern Leyte, Philippines. Manila, Philippines. : The Manila Observatory, The World Agroforestry Centre, and The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. 2011. 132 p. GRP 5 2744 JA 446 JA0446-12 Do Anthropogenic Dark Earths Occur in the Interior of Borneo? Some Initial Observations from East Kalimantan Douglas Sheil, Imam Basuki, Laura German, Thomas W. Kuyper, Godwin Limberg, Rajindra K. Puri, Bernard Sellato, Meine van Noordwijk and Eva Wollenberg 2012 Forests MDPI Publishing 3 2 207-229 Anthropogenic soils of the Amazon Basin (Terra Preta, Terra Mulata) reveal that pre-Colombian peoples made lasting improvements in the agricultural potential of nutrient-poor soils. Some have argued that applying similar techniques could improve agriculture over much of the humid tropics, enhancing local livelihoods and food security, while also sequestering large quantities of carbon to mitigate climate change. Here, we present preliminary evidence for Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADEs) in tropical Asia. Our surveys in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) identified several sites where soils possess an anthropogenic development and context similar in several respects to the Amazon?s ADEs. Similarities include riverside locations, presence of useful fruit trees, spatial extent as well as soil characteristics such as dark color, high carbon content (in some cases), high phosphorus levels, and improved apparent fertility in comparison to neighboring soils. Local people value these soils for cultivation but are unaware of their origins. We discuss these soils in the context of local history and land-use and identify numerous unknowns. Incomplete biomass burning appears key to these modified soils. More study is required to clarify soil transformations in Borneo and to determine under what circumstances such soil improvements might remain ongoing. Terra Preta]]> Southeast Asia English -1 Sheil D, Basuki I, German L, kuyper T, Limberg G, Puri RK, Sellato B, van Noordwijk M and Wollenberg E. 2012. Do Anthropogenic Dark Earths Occur in the Interior of Borneo? Some Initial Observations from East Kalimantan. Forests. 3(2):P. 207-229. 2743 BC 329 BC0329-12 Experiences by Professionals ?Participatory Approaches in Health and Education: Introduction Lu Caizhen and Johanna Pennarz Johanna Pennarz, Haokun Song, Weijie Deng and Jianping Wang 2011 Wagging the Dragon's Tail: Emerging Practices in Participatory Poverty Reduction in China Participatory Learning and Action 62 The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Beijing, China 3 111-113 The quality of human agency is enhanced by better education and health (Anand and Sen, 1997).1However, in China, both health and education services have met major challenges during the process of rapid growth and transition, in particular in rural areas (Khan et al., 1999). In rural areas health and education services were traditionally provided through the collectives. China English Caizhen L and Pennarz J. 2011. Experiences by Professionals –Participatory Approaches in Health and Education: Introduction. In: Pennarz J, Song H, Deng W and Wang J,eds. Wagging the Dragon's Tail: Emerging Practices in Participatory Poverty Reduction in China Participatory Learning and Action 62. Beijing, China. : The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). P. 111-113. 2742 RP 285 RP0285-12 Addressing Climate Change in the Agriculture Negotiations: a scoping report Bruce Campbell, Wendy Mann, Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Charlotte Streck, Timm Tennigkeit, Christophe Bellmann, Ernestine Meijer, Andreas Wilkes and Sonja Vermeulen 2011 Beijing, China 99 This report, Addressing Climate Change and Agriculture: A Scoping Report, is a product of the Meridian Institute-convened Global Dialogues on Climate Change and Agriculture initiated in August 2010. Reflecting the special characteristics of the agricultural sector, this report aims to contribute to continued policy discussion on agriculture and climate change in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (the Convention). Agriculture is characterized by a number of special features that distinguish it from other sectors, such as the sector?s role in producing food and meeting basic survival needs; its context and site-specific nature that makes uniform strategies and solutions ineffective; the vulnerability of the sector to being directly affected by climate change compared with most other sectors; its adaptation needs and mitigation potential, mainly through sequestration; and, finally, its complex links to food security, trade, and broader land-use and forestry policies. China English Campbell B, Mann W, Meléndez-Ortiz R, Streck C, Tennigkeit T, Bellmann C, Meijer E, Wilkes A and Vermeulen S. Addressing Climate Change in the Agriculture Negotiations: a scoping report. Beijing, China. : 2011. 99 p. 2741 BK 160 BK0160-12 Participatory Integrated Community Development: experiences from ethnic communities of Yunnan - in Chinese Language Jun He, Zhi Mei Zhou and Yong Ping Yang 2011 China Agriculture Press Beijing, China 172 978-7-109-16002-6 China Chinese 2011. Participatory Integrated Community Development: experiences from ethnic communities of Yunnan. Beijing, China. : China Agriculture Press. 172 p. 2740 BC 328 BC0328-12 Crediting soil carbon sequestration in smallholder agricultural systems: what fits and what will fly? Leslie Lipper, Andreas Wilkes and Nancy McCarthy Delphine de Brogniez, Philippe Mayaux and Luca Montanarella 2011 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification systems for Carbon in Soils and Vegetation in African, Caribbean and Pacific countries European Union Luxembourg, Germany 13 66-78 Increasing the organic carbon content in soils is beneficial for agricultural production and is also a means of capturing and storing atmospheric CO2 in soils and mitigating climate change. A global effort to improve soil quality on farms has the potential to generate significant increases in both food security and climate change mitigation, given the potential number of poor farmers and land areas that could benefit. Improving farmer?s management of soils for improving agricultural productivity has long been an objective of agricultural development strategies. Soil carbon sequestration has been identified by the IPCC as the largest potential source of climate change mitigation from the agricultural sector, and its inclusion in climate change policy frameworks has been debated for some time. Recognition of the potential for linking mitigation and food security objectives in policy and financing frameworks has recently been highlighted. Yet despite this enduring and multi-faceted policy interest, there has been only limited success attained in actually improving on farm soil quality, and even less in linking climate change mitigation finance to soil carbon sequestration. This paper seeks to explore the reasons for these failures, and suggest ways in which the joint food security and mitigation benefits from a global effort to improve soil quality may be captured. China English Lipper L, Wilkes A and McCarthy N. 2011. Crediting soil carbon sequestration in smallholder agricultural systems: what fits and what will fly?. In: de Brogniez D, Mayaux P and Montanarella L,eds. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification systems for Carbon in Soils and Vegetation in African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Luxembourg, Germany. : European Union. P. 66-78. 2739 JA 445 JA0445-12 A Study of Stand Growth Model for Pinus yunnanensis (Pinaceae) Based on Plots Data-A Case Study in Yangliu Township, Baoshan, Yunnan Province - in Chinese Language Lang Rong, Xu Jianchu, Timm Tennigkeit, Xuefei Yang and Bi Ying Feng 2011 Plant Diversity and Resources Plant Diversity and Resources 33 3 357-363 Pinus yunnanensis is one of most important timber species in Yunnan Province, and widely distributed in southwest China. Studies on growth model have been reported, however, most of which focused on a specific part of growth model. To build detailed, easily used and accurate empirical stand growth model from the same dataset, a case study was conducted in Yangliu Township, Baoshan, Yunnan Province. A total of 86 sample plots data were collected using two stages sampling design. Several popular non-linear growth functions were fitted and compared, including Chapman-Richards, Mitscherlich, Schumacher, Gompertz, Logistic, Korf and Allometric function. Models of site index, density index, average diameter at breast height (DBH) and stock volume growth model were fitted respectively. The different models performed more or less similarly in terms of coefficients of determination and root mean square error (RMSE). However, empirical growth function ?Schumacher? had lower coefficient of variation for all parameters than other models. Schumacher function was the most suitable one for site index, average DBH and stock volume growth model in all alternative functions. Pinus yunnanensis, Stand growth model, Nonlinear curve fitting China Chinese Rong L, Xu Jianchu , Tennigkeit T, Xuefei Y and Bi YF. 2011. A Study of Stand Growth Model for Pinus yunnanensis (Pinaceae) Based on Plots Data——A Case Study in Yangliu Township, Baoshan, Yunnan Province. Plant Diversity and Resources. 33(3):P. 357-363. 2738 PP 316 PP0316-12 Legalitas produksi bibit tanaman masyarakat Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi and James M Roshetko Roedy Poerwanto, Slamet Susanto, Anas D Susila, Nurul Khumaida, Dewi Sukma, Ketty Suketi and Sintho W. Ardhie 2011 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia 2011 Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia Lembang, Indonesia Buku 3 1407-1418 Government forest and land rehabilitation programs provide commercial opportunity to smallholder tree nursery enterprises seedlings. However many seedlings produced by smallholder are not certificated by the government. Surveys of smallholder nurseries were conducted April 2010 through February 2011 in four locations: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province, Jambi Province, Lampung Province and Bogor District. Results from the surveys found that most commercial oriented nursery enterprises are established by individual farmers with family capital. Commercial nurseries operated by groups are uncommon. The seedlings produced in these nurseries include forest (timber), estate crop (rubber, cacao, coffee, etc) and horticulture (fruit) seedlings. Seedling production per nursery varies from 5000 to 4 millions depending orders received, market demand from the previous year, and family capital. The seedling consumers are community members (75-85%) and goverment project (15-25%). Most farmer nurseries are not able to directly sell seedlings to government project because government regulations requiring certification for nurseries to produce and sell seedlings to government programs. The regulations require registration with local and provincial goverments. as the certification for horticultural nursery is called SKPB (Registration Letter for Producing Seedling). Additionally, nurseries require seedling distribution certification labels (blue label) from the provincial BP2MB (Centre of Quality Supervision of Seed). These certification requirements are a barrier to smallholder nursery enterprises because a) nursery registrations are valid for only 1-2 years and cost between Rp 200.000 and Rp 2.500.000, b) seedling distribution certification labels are valid for only a single season, and c) labels are valid for only one species and each label cost Rp 300-350/seedling. Few smallholder nurseries can afford the time and money required to achieve certifications. Generally, blue label seedlings are produced only for government programs. Transactions in public horticultural seedling markets are based on trust between seedling buyers and seedling producers. Producers of poor quality seedlings will not retain repeat customers. Smallholder, Horticulture seedling, Certification Southeast Asia Indonesian Purnomosidhi P and Roshetko JM. 2011. Legalitas produksi bibit tanaman masyarakat. In: Poerwanto R, Susanto S, Susila AD, Khumaida N, Sukma D, Suketi K and Ardhie SW,eds. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia 2011. Lembang, Indonesia. Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia. 2737 BK 159 BK0159-12 Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Kayu dan Perkebunan di Propinsi Lampung (edisi II) Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Andi Prahmono and Soren Moestrup 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 70 978 979 3198 65 1 Lampung dalam perkembangannya, merupakan propinsi yang cukup menarik, dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan dan salah satu pusat pembibitan tanaman hortikultura, perkebunan dan kehutanan. Untuk mengetahui lokasi-lokasi pembibitan, jenis yang diproduksi serta kapasitas produksi per tahun, maka dilakukan survei lokasi-lokasi pembibitan tahun 2000 oleh Yulianti dan James Roshetko. Kemudian dilakuran survei ulang tahun 2010 untuk memperbaiki data-data tahun 2000. Pada kenyataannya memang hampir 50% penangkar bibit tahun 2000 tidak beroperasi lagi karena berbagai alasan antara lain penangkar bibit telah meninggal dunia dan tidak ada keluarga yang melanjutkan, tidak ada modal serta penangkar mengeluhkan sistem pembayaran bila bibit dibeli oleh rekanan pemenang tender dalam proyek pemerintah. Namun seperti kata pepatah ?patah tumbuh hilang berganti?, demikian pula penangkar bibit di Lampung. Dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun banyak sekali penangkar-penangkar yang tutup dan muncul penangkar-penangkar bibit baru sehingga informasi dalam direktori yang baru tetap 50 penangkar yaitu penangkar dengan kapasitas antara 5000 bibit sampai lebih dari 500000 bibit.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Purnomosidhi P, Roshetko JM, Prahmono A and Moestrup S. 2012. Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Kayu dan Perkebunan di Propinsi Lampung (edisi II). Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 70 p. 2736 WP 159 WP0159-12 Analysis of approvals for Chinese companies to invest in Africa?s mining, agriculture and forestry sectors Huang Wenbin and Andreas Wilkes 2011 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper 81 26 The lack of a comprehensive database of Chinese investments in Africa makes it difficult to build a picture and analyse trends and patterns. The analysis in this working paper draws on a database (spanning 1983 to 2010) of approvals by the Ministry of Commerce of the People?s Republic of China (MOFCOM) for Chinese companies to engage in overseas investments. Records in the database indicate the companies? intent to invest overseas, but do not record actual investments that were completed. Additional sources are used to characterise trends in Chinese merger and acquisition activities in the sectors of concern in Africa. China English Wenbin H and Wilkes A. 2011. Analysis of approvals for Chinese companies to invest in Africa’s mining, agriculture and forestry sectors. Working Paper 81Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 26 p. 2735 WP 158 WP0158-12 Analysis of China?s overseas investment policies Huang Wenbin and Andreas Wilkes 2011 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper 79 32 In recent years, in line with China?s Going Out strategy announced in 2000, China?s overseas investment activities have increased greatly and at increasing rates. By the end of 2009, the total value of China?s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) had reached US$5.6 billion (MOFCOM, NBS and SAFE 2009). Policies have played strong supporting roles in bringing about this trend by facilitating and encouraging Chinese companies to make overseas investments. This working paper summarises these policies based on an analysis of policy changes over time and identifies the main drivers of these changes. It ends by highlighting some key research questions of relevance to deepening understanding of the impacts of Chinese trade and investment in Africa. China English Wenbin H and Wilkes A. 2011. Analysis of China’s overseas investment policies. Working Paper 79Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 32 p. 2734 BK 158 BK0158-12 Poverty and Development in China: Alternative Approaches to Poverty Assessment Lu Caizhen 2011 New York, USA 267 978-0-415-61822-9 The salience of this inquiry needs little justification. It is a vital issue in itself; but it also has wider strategic relevance. Did the benefits of the recent decades of explosive export-oriented economic growth touch the distant peasantry in Yunnan? New poverty reduction policies were expected to reach parts and people that this growth did not reach; did they? Local approaches are meant to be guided by local participation; are they? And, needless to say, what happens in China heavily influences the global incidence of poverty.]]> China English GRP 6 2733 JA 444 JA0444-12 Governing Climate Change Adaptation in the EU and China: An Analysis of Formal Institutions Marco Gemmer, Andreas Wilkes and Lucie M. Vaucel 2011 Advances in Climate Change Research 2 1 1-11 Both the European Union (EU) and China are culturally, economically, climatologically and environmentally diverse polities. The EU is a multi-state grouping of economically developed democratic countries, while China is a unitary sovereign state and a developing economy with a strong government bureaucracy. Our hypothesis is that given their diverse political systems, the EU and China would develop different kinds of systems for the governance of adaptation to climate change. We test this hypothesis through a comparative analysis of policy documents from the two study areas, in which we examine framework policies, programmatic actions and specific actions that have been adopted to date in order to address climate change, with a specific focus on the water sector. We find that climate change adaptation began to be addressed through formal policy on a similar timeline in the two regions. The EU and China are also similar in that they use framework laws and existing sectoral policy, such as for the water sector. We find that the EU has primarily relied on integration of climate change adaptation concerns through legal instruments which set a framework for implementation of adaptation policy. In China, specific actions to be incorporated in socio-economic development plans under the existing legislation on adaptation have been the main mode for integrating adaptation into sectoral actions, though the future trend may be to develop more regulations. international comparison; climate change policy framework; adaptation policy; European Union; China; water policy China English Gemmer M, Wilkes A and Vaucel LM. 2011. Governing Climate Change Adaptation in the EU and China: An Analysis of Formal Institutions. Advances in Climate Change Research. 2(1):P. 1-11. GRP 5 2732 JA 443 JA0443-12 Towards sustainable land management in the drylands: scientific connections in monitoring and assessing dryland Degradation, climate change and biodiversity A. L. Cowie, T. D. Penman, L. Gorissen, M. D. Winslow, J. Lehmann, T. D. Tyrrell, S. Twomlow, Andreas Wilkes, R. Lal, J.W. Jones, A. Paulsch, K. Kellner and M. Akhtar-Schuster 2011 Land Degradation and Development 22 248–260 The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and its sister conventions, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity, all aim to halt or mitigate the deterioration of the ecological processes on which life depends. Sustainable land management (SLM) is fundamental to achieving the goals of all three Conventions. Changes in land management undertaken to address dryland degradation and desertification can simultaneously reduce net greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to conservation of biodiversity. Management to protect and enhance terrestrial carbon stocks, both in vegetation and soil, is of central importance to all three conventions. Protection of biodiversity conveys stability and resilience to agro-ecosystems and increases carbon storage potential of dryland systems. SLM improves livelihoods of communities dependent on the land. Despite these complementarities between the three environmental goals, tradeoffs often arise in their pursuit. The importance of human?environment interactions to the condition of land compels attention to adaptive management. In order to reconcile concerns and agendas at a higher strategic level, identification of synergies, conflicts, trade-offs, interconnections, feedbacks and spillover effects among multiple objectives, drivers, actions, policies and time horizons are crucial. Once these issues are transparent, coordinated action can be put into place across the three multilateral environmental agreements in the development of strategies and policy measures to support SLM. resilience; sustainable land management; desertification; land degradation; climate change; biodiversity China English Cowie AL, Penman TD, Gorissen L, Winslow MD, Lehmann J, Tyrrell TD, Twomlow S, Wilkes A, Lal R, Jones J, Paulsch A, Kellner K and Akhtar-Schuster M. 2011. Towards sustainable land management in the drylands: scientific connections in monitoring and assessing dryland Degradation, climate change and biodiversity. Land Degradation and Development. 22: P. 248–260. GRP 4 2731 JA 442 JA0442-12 Use of Forest Resources by Residents of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan: Practices and Perceptions in a Context of Constraints Om N. Katel and Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt 2011 Mountain Research and Development the International Mountain Society (IMS) 31 4 325-333 This paper examines the use of forest resources by local residents in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan. It also inquires into local residents? knowledge and perceptions of park management interventions. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey, group discussions, and observations. The results show that local people depend on forest resources for their livelihoods, and that their knowledge and perceptions of the park and of park management are influencedmainly by constraints on theiraccess to forest resources, and by benefits and incentives obtained from the park administration through socioeconomic development. Forest resource use; management; perceptions; protected area; buffer zone; Bhutan. China English Katel ON and Schmidt-Vogt D. 2011. Use of Forest Resources by Residents of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan: Practices and Perceptions in a Context of Constraints. Mountain Research and Development. 31(4):P. 325-333. GRP 6 2730 JA 441 JA0441-12 Land use/land cover mapping of an alpine region using expert system classification: a case study of the Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau, China Yu Haiying, Rajesh Thapa and Xu Jianchu 2011 Survey Review Survey Review Ltd 43 321 269-283 China English Haiying Y, Thapa R and Xu Jianchu . 2011. Land use/land cover mapping of an alpine region using expert system classification: a case study of the Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau, China. Survey Review. 43(321):P. 269-283. GRP 4 2729 JA 440 JA0440-12 Decentralization of Tree Seedling Supply Systems for Afforestation in the West of Yunnan Province, China Jun He, Hai Yang, Ramni Jamnadass, Xu Jianchu and Yongping Yang 2011 Small-scale Forestry Steve Harrison, John Herbohn 1-20 At present, China has the highest afforestation rate of any country or region in the world, with 47,000 km2 of tree plantations undertaken in 2008. While the prominent role of the central government?s afforestation programs is wellknown, little is understood of how the system of tree seedling production and distribution supports afforestation efforts. More importantly, little attention is paid to how small-scale farmers access high quality tree germplasm in the afforestation programs. This paper examines the seedling supply system in the west of Yunnan Province in China by focusing on the three types of tree nurseries (state, collective and individual) that are being operated for the development of smallholder forestry especially in the context of decentralization. The research reveals that forestry decentralization has provided support for smallholder access to high quality planting materials and improved the effectiveness of nursery management. The reform has enabled the engagement of various forms of nurseries and created a hybrid system of state nursery operations. However, the state monopoly over the major seedling supply system using its inherent technical, market, policy and institutional advantages has limited the development of small-scale nurseries. The policy implication of this research is that improvements to the governance structure in the supply system of tree seedling may require more investment in nursery techniques, market information and provision of incentives to enhance small-scale nurseries and to contribute to seedling production. Smallholder forest-dependants, Forest tenure reform, Sloping land conversion, Tree germplasm, Nursery certification China English 2728 MN 52 MN0052-12 WaNuLCAS version 4.0, Background on a model of water nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems Meine van Noordwijk, Betha Lusiana, Ni'matul Khasanah and Rachmat Mulia 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 224 978-979-3198-59-0 The WaNuLCAS model was developed to represent tree-soil-crop interactions in a wide range of agroforestry systems where trees and crops overlap in space and/or time (simultaneous and sequential agroforestry).
The model is based on above and below ground architecture of tree and crop, elementary tree and crop physiology and soil science (daily water, N, P and SOM balance for 4 soil layers and 4 horizontal zones). The model was developed in the Stella modeling platform and can be used to assess the performance in terms of profitability as well as sustainability of various agroforestry systems.]]> Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B, Khasanah N and Mulia R. 2011. WaNuLCAS version 4.0, Background on a model of water nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 224 p. 2727 MA 83 MA0083-12 Semiloka Purna Program RUPES Area Sumatera Barat Rachman Pasha and Chandra Irawadi Wijaya 2012 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 5 1 13-14 ICRAF sebagai salah satu lembaga penelitian internasional telah melakukan berbagai analisa dan pengembangan konsep imbal jasa lingkungan (IJL) di Sumatera Barat melalui riset aksi dalam program Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) yang telah berjalan sejak tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2011. Tujuannya adalah untuk menganalisa skema IJL yang dapat menjembatani antara tujuan konservasi dengan upaya pengentasan kemiskinan. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2726 MA 82 MA0082-12 Satu lagi, jasa lingkungan pohon: pembelajaran dari tsunami Aceh tahun 2004 Endri Martini 2012 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 5 1 11-12 Pohon tidak hanya dikenal sebagai sumber bahan bangunan dan kayu bakar, tetapi memiliki peran yang sangat komplek dalam mengatur ekosistem, antara lain: sebagai pengatur tata air, tempat hidup berbagai jenis hewan, memproduksi oksigen bahkan berperan dalam mengurangi dampak bencana alam. Peran pohon yang tidak secara langsung dapat dilihat oleh manusia inilah yang seringkali diabaikan. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2725 MA 81 MA0081-12 Fungsi Ganda dari Agroforest Karet Asep Ayat 2012 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 5 1 8-10 Di samping getah karet, agroforest karet memberikan keuntungan ekonomi dari hasil buah-buahan dalam setiap musim. Tercatat sebanyak 10 jenis buah bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang dihasilkan dari agroforest karet. Selain itu, keuntungan secara ekologi menjadikan fungsi ganda agroforest karet dalam menjaga keseimbangan alam bagi petani Jambi khususnya di Kabupaten Bungo Southeast Asia Indonesian 2724 MA 80 MA0080-12 Harapan dan Potensi di Hutan Adat Guguk Harti Ningsih and Tonni Asmawan 2012 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 5 1 5-7 Lokasi desa yang sangat dekat dengan kota dan dilalui jalan lintas propinsi ini memberikan pengaruh besar pada tingkat perekonomian masyarakat maupun tipe penggunaan lahannya. Hampir seluruh masyarakatnya adalah petani karet dan sebagian memiliki kebun buah-buahan. Tingginya tingkat kemakmuran masyarakat dari hasil kebun karet dapat terlihat dari banyaknya rumah penduduk yang sudah permanen, kendaraan yang mereka miliki dan jenjang pendidikan yang mencapai tingkat universitas.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 2723 MA 79 MA0079-12 Sudahkah kebun campuran anda ramah burung? Walesa Edho Prabowo and Endri Martini 2012 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 5 1 3-4 Kicauan burung bagaikan alunan nada-nada indah yang diberikan oleh alam kepada manusia. Tak jarang, orang-orang kota mau mengeluarkan uang jutaan rupiah untuk membeli burung yang hanya dinikmati suaranya. Beruntunglah saudara-saudara kita yang tinggal di desa, dikelilingi oleh kebun dengan berbagai jenis pohon yang memberikan udara segar. Mereka tidak perlu uang untuk membeli burung, karena alam sudah menyediakan berbagai jenis burung dengan berbagai suara pula. Bahkan mereka dapat menikmati keuntungan lain dari burung-burung tersebut. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2722 JA 439 JA0439-12 Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision Pete Smith, Christian A. Davies, Stephen Ogle, Giuliana Zanchi, Jessica Bellarby, Neil Bird, Robert M. Boddey, Niall P. McNamara, David Powlson, Annette Cowie, Meine van Noordwijk, Sarah C. Davis, Daniel DE B. Richter, Len Kryzanowski, Mark T. van Wij... 2012 Global Change Biology Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1-13 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project-scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for Life Cycle Assessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended for use at large spatial scales. This can introduce error in predictions at finer spatial scales. There is an urgent need for development and implementation of higher tier methodologies that can be applied at fine spatial scales (e.g. farm/project/plantation) for food and bioenergy crop greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting to facilitate decision making in the land-based sectors. Higher tier methods have been defined by IPCC and must be well evaluated and operate across a range of domains (e.g. climate region, soil type, crop type, topography), and must account for land use transitions and management changes being implemented. Furthermore, the data required to calibrate and drive the models used at higher tiers need to be available and applicable at fine spatial resolution, covering the meteorological, soil, cropping system and management domains, with quantified uncertainties. Testing the reliability of the models will require data either from sites with repeated measurements or from chronosequences. We review current global capability for estimating changes in soil carbon at fine spatial scales and present a vision for a framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon, which could be used for addressing issues such as bioenergy and biofuel sustainability, food security, forest protection, and direct/indirect impacts of land use change. The aim of this framework is to provide a globally accepted standard of carbon measurement and modelling appropriate for GHG accounting that could be applied at project to national scales (allowing outputs to be scaled up to a country level), to address the impacts of land use and land management change on soil carbon. land use; land use change; model; monitoring; soil carbon Southeast Asia English -1 Smith P, Davies CA, Ogle S, Zanchi G, Bellarby J, Bird N, Boddey RM, McNamara NP, Powlson D, Cowie A, van Noordwijk M, Davis SC, Richter DD, Kryzanowski L, van Wijk MT, Stuart J, Kirton A, Eggar D, Newton-Cross G, Adhya TK and Braimoh AK. 2012. Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision. Global Change Biology. : P. 1-13. 2721 NL 51 NL0051-12 Kiprah Agroforestri 11 Endri Martini, Walesa Edho Prabowo, Harti Ningsih, Tonni Asmawan, Asep Ayat, Rachman Pasha and Chandra Irawadi Wijaya 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 5 1 1-16 Awal Bulan April ini, ICRAF ikut serta dalam acara tahunan Indogreen Forestry Expo ke-4 yang diselenggarakan oleh PT Wahyu Promo Citra, Jakarta, dan diikuti oleh berbagai institusi dari seluruh Indonesia, diantaranya Dinas Kehutanan, Balai Taman Nasional, perindustrian swasta, asosiasi, lembaga penelitian, dan sebagainya. Acara yang bertema "Menuju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Hijau 2020" atau Green Growth Economy Towards 2020 ini dibuka oleh Menteri Kehutanan RI, Zulkifli Hasan. Dalam pidatonya, beliau menyampaikan bahwa tema acara ini sejalan dengan upaya pemerintah Indonesia untuk menunjang komitmen Presiden RI dalam penurunan emisi dan mengajak masyarakat Indonesia agar terus mengelola energi dengan lebih baik dan efisiensi, mengkampanyekan gaya hidup dengan memanfaatkan energi yang ramah lingkungan. Melalui pemanfaatan energi secara hemat diharapkan pertumbuhan dan pemerataan ekonomi yang ramah lingkungan akan dapat dicapai.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Martini E, Prabowo WE, Ningsih H, Asmawan T, Ayat A, Pasha R and Wijaya CI. 2012. Kiprah Agroforestri 11. In: Rahayu S, Janudianto and Juita R,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2720 BK 157 BK0157-12 Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Perkebunan, Kayu dan Hias di Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya (edisi II) Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Nugroho Heri Prastowo and Soren Moestrup 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Bogor, Indonesia 74 978 979 3198 63 7 Salah satu permasalahan dalam usaha pembibitan adalah penjualan atau pemasaran produk bibit. Kenyataan ini dirasakan oleh penangkar yang sudah lama menggeluti usaha ini atau penangkar yang baru memulai usaha ini dalam beberapa tahun. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya informasi dimana penyedia (penangkar) bibit tertentu sehingga pembeli atau konsumen kesulitan untuk mendapatkan bibit yang diinginkan. Berangkat dari permasalahan ini maka World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Winrock International serta dukungan dana dari Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, membuat buku katalog atau direktori penghasil bibit hortikultura (buah), tanaman kehutanan, perkebunan dan tanaman hias untuk wilayah Bogor dan sekitarnya. Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Purnomosidhi P, Roshetko JM, Prastowo NH and Moestrup S. 2011. Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Perkebunan, Kayu dan Hias di Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya (edisi II). Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 74 p. 2719 BK 156 BK0156-12 Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Kayu dan Perkebunan di Propinsi Jambi Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Andi Prahmono and Soren Moestrup 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Bogor, Indonesia 47 978 979 3198 64 4 Awalnya pembibitan karet masyarakat memproduksi bibit dari biji karena perbanyakan melalui teknik okulasi masih jarang dilakukan dan masyarakat masih awam dengan teknik tersebut. Selain itu, petani yang akan membeli bibit juga lebih suka bibit dari biji karena harga bibit okulasi lebih mahal serta biaya untuk mengangkut bibit okulasi lebih mahal dibanding bibit dari biji.
Tahun 1995 ICRAF (World Agroforestry Centre) memulai kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan di Kabupaten Muara Bungo dan Tebo. Untuk kegiatan pengembangan dilakukan pembangunan pembibitan di masyarakat dengan karet klon unggul. Pembangunan pembibitan tersebut dilakukan di beberapa kelompok di desa yang berbeda-beda. Adapun tujuan pembangunan ini adalah agar masyarakat desa juga bisa membeli dan merehabilitasi kebun karet tuanya dengan bibit okulasi. Namun sayang sekali sebagian besar kegiatan pembibitan tidak dilanjutkan dan hanya bertahan selama satu sampai dua tahun. Alasan dari kelompok adalah a) telah terjadi konflik di dalam kelompok itu sendiri, b) tidak ada pendampingan lagi, c) setiap anggota kelompok sudah merasa cukup dengan bibit yang dibagikan, d) tidak ada pasar yang membeli bibit akibat kelompok menjual dengan harga cukup tinggi sehingga kalah bersaing dengan bibit dari propinsi lain, e) tidak ada modal untuk melanjutkan usaha pembibitan.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Purnomosidhi P, Roshetko JM, Prahmono A and Moestrup S. 2012. Direktori Usaha Pembibitan Tanaman Buah, Kayu dan Perkebunan di Propinsi Jambi. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 47 p. 2718 PP 315 PP0315-12 Pengelolaan Lanskap Multifungsi: Pendekatan Alternatif Dalam Konservasi Tumbuhan Kayu Subekti Rahayu, Harti Ningsih, Sonya Dewi, Agus Priyono Kartono and Agus Hikmat 2011 Prosiding Seminar Nasional ?Konservasi Tumbuhan Tropika: Kondisi Terkini dan Tantangan ke Depan? UPT Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Cibodas Cibodas, Indonesia 411-422 Forest conversion to monoculture systems has caused the disappearance of 95%, leading to the absence of the natural timber regeneration due to intensive management practices, particularly through weeding activities. Yet, 45% (100 species) of forest timber species could only grow up to sapling stage, i.e did not survive to higher level grows. The species composition had significantly changed, from forest species to pioneer species. On the other hand, keeping secondary grows after fire event and practicing agroforestry systems would enable to maintain approximately 51% (32 species) of forest species vegetation. The results showed that by integrating land use systems (comprising monoculture plantation, secondary forest and agroforestry system as a mosaic landscape) enabled to conserve at least 222 timber sapling species, 73 pole species and 63 tree species through maintaining seed availability, allocating sites for species to regenerate, and providing corridors for animals and seed dispersers to pass by. All timber species within 24 plots of 20 m x 100 m across Lubuk Beringin village (Bungo District, Jambi Province) covering remnant forest in protected forest, rubber agroforest of 60 years old, secondary forest of 30 and 10 years old and rubber monoculture of 30 years and 13 years old had been identified consisting of tree stage (more than 30 cm in diameter), pole stage (5-30 cm in diameter using 5 m x 40 m), sapling stage (less than 5 cm and more than 30 cm in height using 1 m x 4 m plots). Species identification was conducted at the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor. landscape mosaic, rubber agroforestry, Jambi, tree species Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahayu S, Ningsih H, Dewi S, Kartono AP and Hikmat A. 2011. Pengelolaan Lanskap Multifungsi: Pendekatan Alternatif Dalam Konservasi Tumbuhan Kayu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Konservasi Tumbuhan Tropika: Kondisi Terkini dan Tantangan ke Depan”. Cibodas, Indonesia. UPT Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Cibodas. 2717 PP 314 PP0314-12 Potensi Varitas Lokal dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Bibit Rambutan di Aceh: Kajian Terhadap Morfologi Bibit pada Stadia Awal Pertumbuhan Subekti Rahayu, James M Roshetko, Khalilal Mitras and Sabaruddin Roedhy Poerwanto, Slamet Susanto, Anas D Susila, Nurul Khumaida, Dewi Sukma, Ketty Suketi and Sintho W. Ardhie 2011 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia 2011 Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia Lembang, Indonesia Buku 2 639-646 The growth of three rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) varieties, Glu, Nona and Balerang were evaluated at the agricultural experimental station of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh used Randomized Complete Design with 9 replications. The seeds were collected from a community plantation in Padang Tiji District. The growth parameters measured were seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh weight of seedlings, dry weight of seedlings, root length, root number, and root weight. Measurements were made at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting. Analysis of variance and least significant difference tests were used to analyze the growth data. Results show that Glu variety had greater diameter growth, dry weight biomass, number of fine roots and leaves area then other varieties; supporting local beliefs and practice that Glu is a better rootstock. Aceh, fine roots, Glu variety, rambutan, rootstock Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahayu S, Roshetko JM, Mitras K and Sabaruddin . 2011. Potensi Varitas Lokal dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Bibit Rambutan di Aceh: Kajian Terhadap Morfologi Bibit pada Stadia Awal Pertumbuhan. In: Poerwanto R, Susanto S, Susila AD, Khumaida N, Sukma D, Suketi K and Ardhie SW,eds. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia 2011. Lembang, Indonesia. Perhimpunan Hortikultura Indonesia. 2716 BK 155 BK0155-12 Direktori usaha pembibitan tanaman buah dan perkebunan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya, Pidie/Pidie Jaya dan Nagan Raya Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Andi Prahmono and Soren Moestrup 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Bogor, Indonesia 29 978 979 3198 62 0 Awalnya kegiatan NOEL ini dilaksanakan di tiga kabupaten antara lain Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dan Kabupaten Pidie/Pidie Jaya. Jangka waktu kegiatan selama 20 bulan dari bulan April 2007 hingga Desember 2008. Kemudian program NOEL juga diterapkan di Kabupaten Nagan Raya dan Abdya mulai bulan April 2009-Maret 2010. Walaupun hanya satu tahun di Kabupaten Nagan Raya dan Abdya, kelompok dan masyarakat di Kecamatan Beutong, Seunagan Timur dan Babah Rot telah memetik hasilnya. Mereka telah memahami bagaimana memproduksi bibit dengan teknik okulasi.
Ketika program berakhir ada beberapa kelompok yang kemudian bubar dan membentuk kelompok dengan anggota 2-3 orang serta kelompok susulan yang melanjutkan kegiatan pembibitan untuk komersial. Anggota dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut kemudian tercatat di dalam buku direktori pembibitan di Aceh. Harapannya apabila masyarakat ada yang berminat untuk membeli bibit tanaman perkebunan atau hortikultura bisa melihat ke alamat dalam buku ini dan tidak perlu lagi membeli di Medan. Namun bibit tanaman tersebut bisa dipesan dan disiapkan oleh masyarakat di kabupaten tersebut.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Purnomosidhi P, Roshetko JM, Prahmono A and Moestrup S. 2012. Direktori usaha pembibitan tanaman buah dan perkebunan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya, Pidie/Pidie Jaya dan Nagan Raya. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International and Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 29 p. 2715 PP 313 PP0313-12 Climate Change Resilient Agroforestry Systems For Livelihood Improvement Of Smallholders In Vietnam Elisabeth Simelton and Hoang Minh Ha 2011 International Workshop on Sustainable Strategies for Increased Resiliency of Sloping Land Agroecosystems Amid Climate Change, October 4-8, 2011 FFTC-Taiwan and PCAARRD-DOST Metro Manila, Philippines 1-11 This paper presents the negative impacts of climate variability on agriculture in two most vulnerable agro-ecological zones, including the central coastal zone versus the Northwest uplands of Vietnam. A novel approach for sustainable development of agroforestry system as one of the most promising options to these negative impacts in the Northwest uplands is also presented. The agroforestry systems developed to address the needs for both environmentally and economically viable diversification and that is resilient to climate stress is done through participatory design (i) where local and scientific knowledge is used to identify the desired species to be added to or improved in existing farming systems, (ii) where farmers and scientists develop indicators to evaluate the systems, and (iii) where scientific experiences are combined with the most sensitive indicators for scaling up the successful agroforestry systems in the zones where they have social acceptance and economic and environmental potential.]]> Vietnam, participatory design, agroforestry systems Vietnam English Simelton E and Hoang MH. 2011. Climate Change Resilient Agroforestry Systems For Livelihood Improvement Of Smallholders In Vietnam. International Workshop on Sustainable Strategies for Increased Resiliency of Sloping Land Agroecosystems Amid Climate Change, October 4-8, 2011. Metro Manila, Philippines. FFTC-Taiwan and PCAARRD-DOST. 2714 PB 38 PB0038-12 Planning for low-emissions development in Tanjung Jabung barat district, Jambi province, Indonesia Andree Ekadinata and Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief No 20 6 Forest areas in Tanjung Jabung Barat cover 240 090.55 ha1 or 48% of the district?s total area. Approximately 71% of the forest area is categorised by the Government as Production Forest. Spatial analysis conducted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) showed that most of the Production Forest areas were allocated for HTI (156 306 ha) and oil palm plantations (90 655 ha).]]> Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A and Agung P. 2011. Planning for low-emissions development in Tanjung Jabung barat district, Jambi province, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2713 PB 37 PB0037-12 Planning for low-emissions development in Merangin district, Jambi province, Indonesia Feri Johana and Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief No 19 6 Merangin district is home to a large conservation area protected as Kerinci Seblat National Park. Thus, any land-use planning in the district needs to include the park. A land-use plan and associated management that optimally considers the function of the national park can be an opportunity for the district to balance the need for development and the need to maintain environmental functions that help mitigate climate change.]]> Southeast Asia English Johana F and Agung P. 2011. Planning for low-emissions development in Merangin district, Jambi province, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2712 PP 312 PP0312-12 Understanding Land Use, Water Balance and Water Rights for Rewards on Watershed Services: Experience from Manupali in Southern Philippines Caroline Duque-Piñon, Delia Catacutan, Beria Leimona, Emma Abasolo, Meine van Noordwijk, Lydia Tiongco and C Egnar 2011 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Watershed Management, 19-22 September 2011 Istanbul, Turkey Philippines English Duque-Piñon C, Catacutan D, Leimona B, Abasolo E, van Noordwijk M, Tiongco L and Egnar C. 2011. Understanding Land Use, Water Balance and Water Rights for Rewards on Watershed Services: Experience from Manupali in Southern Philippines. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Watershed Management, 19-22 September 2011. Istanbul, Turkey. 2711 BK 154 BK0154-12 Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia Rodel D. Lasco, Christi ne Marie D. Habito, Rafaela Jane Delfino, Florencia B Pulhin and Rogelio N. Concepcion 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines 65
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) declared in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) that climate change is unequivocal (IPCC 2007a), evidenced by observed changes in several global and regional climati c indicators. The Food and Agriculture Organizati on (FAO) expects that considerable eff orts would be required to prepare developing countries to deal with climate-related impacts, parti cularly in agriculture (FAO 2007). However, the IPCC also notes that recent studies show a high confi dence that there are viable adaptati on opti ons that can be implemented at low cost and/or with high benefi t-cost rati os (IPCC 2007a).

At the country level, climate change refers to observable changes and permutati ons (undefi ned geographic variati ons) of temperature, rainfall and extreme climate events and their single or collecti ve impacts on various agricultural producti on and harvesti ng acti viti es (Concepcion 2008). Increase in temperature would have whole year and day-to-day on-site impacts that accelerate the changes/decompositi on of soil organic matt er and loss of soil ferti lity, which ulti mately aff ects the overall health of crops and livestock. Soil temperature and organic matt er are useful indices of ecosystem recovery aft er disturbance of natural vegetati on (Aust and Lea 1991). The varying intensity and patt erns of rainfall and extreme climate events (typhoons and El Ni�o) during the remaining periods of rainy season would have expanded the coverage of climate change off -site impacts which include massive soil erosion and irreversible loss of sloping land soil ferti lity and life threatening fl oods and landslide (Concepcion 2008).]]> Philippines English Lasco RD, Habito Cn, Delfino RJ, Pulhin FB and Concepcion RN. 2011. Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia. Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 65 p. 2710 WP 157 WP0157-12 Conflict, Cooperation, and Collective Action: Land Use, Water Rights, and Water Scarcity in Manupali Watershed, Southern Philippines Caroline Duque-Piñon, Delia Catacutan, Beria Leimona, Emma Abasolo, Meine van Noordwijk and Lydia Tiongco 2012 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington DC, USA CAPRi Working Paper No. 104 32 Sustaining the environmental, social, and economic development in Manupali watershed in southern Philippines is highly dependent on equitable allocation of water use rights and judicious utilization of water as a scarce resource. There are many stakeholders and water users: smallholder farmers, indigenous people, multi-national companies, the local government, the National Irrigation Administration, and the National Power Corporation (Pulangui IV). As demand for water outstrips supply, conflict arises between different user groups over who can use water and how much each one can use. This paper reports initial results of an ongoing study that examines water rights and land use change to better negotiate for greater investment in watershed management. A key issue in Manupali is overall water scarcity, compounded by conflicting water rights of different users. To avoid hostile confrontation between different user groups and to manage competition of water use, some user groups have instituted voluntary agreements for water rights sharing. Viewed in terms of cooperation and collective action, these voluntary agreements facilitate conflict management of a disputed resource, but the fairness and equity of such agreements are in question, as the cooperating user groups extract benefits from non-cooperators who may have incurred the costs of protecting the upper watershed to maintain water supply. Supported by watershed hydrological data on water balance and its land use patterns, this paper argues that water rights sharing through voluntary agreements alone can only mediate short-term conflict but will not solve water scarcity in the longer term. The problems of water scarcity, allocation, and land use, require collective action beyond the current level if equitable distribution of benefits, sharing of responsibilities, and co-investments in watershed management are the goals. Water rights, water allocation, water conflict, cooperation, collective action Philippines English Duque-Piñon C, Catacutan D, Leimona B, Abasolo E, van Noordwijk M and Tiongco L. 2012. Conflict, Cooperation, and Collective Action: Land Use, Water Rights, and Water Scarcity in Manupali Watershed, Southern Philippines. CAPRi Working Paper No. 104Washington DC, USA. : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 32 p. GRP 6 2709 PP 311 PP0311-12 Opportunity cost analysis of REDD+ at the district level: can REDD+ promote tropical forest rehabilitation? Arif Rahmanulloh, Sonya Dewi, Suseno Budidarsono and Zuraidah Said Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto, Svein Solberg and Mitsuru Osaki 2011 Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia 191-195 Opportunities to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are substantial if effective and efficient mechanisms can be established to offset real and legitimate opportunity costs. The opportunity cost analysis aims to: (1) calculate opportunity cost for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation at the district level and (2) identify policy and intervention options using estimated opportunity cost. Transaction and implementation costs are not yet included in the analysis. The analysis incorporates the results of estimation of land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) carbon emission with the result of profitability analysis of dominant land uses in Berau district in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Opportunity cost of avoiding/reducing emission is estimated by calculating economic gain per ($/ton CO2-eq) unit CO2-eg emitted. Significant proportion of emission from LULUCF are associated less than $ 5 increases overtime, from 44% in period of 1990-2000 to 59% in the most recent period (2005- 2008). Several polices and interventions options were identified, ie. ranging from reforestation program, improving food security and law enforcement, and these options can be spatially linked to Berau landscape. Integrating them into spatial planning process for sustainable development of Berau should be promoted. Southeast Asia English Rahmanulloh A, Dewi S, Budidarsono S and Said Z. 2011. Opportunity cost analysis of REDD+ at the district level: can REDD+ promote tropical forest rehabilitation?. In: Hardiyanto EB, Solberg S and Osaki M,eds. Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. 2708 PP 310 PP0310-12 Aspects of ecosystem recovery in human-dominated tropical landscape: case study of degraded tropical peat-swamp forest in Ex Mega Rice Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Endri Martini Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto, Svein Solberg and Mitsuru Osaki 2011 Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia 166-169 Knowledge on ecosystem recovery processes supports the efficacy of ecological restoration program like forest rehabilitation. However, in reality, ecosystems recovery process receives less attention in the design of ecological restoration program. Thus, based on literature review, case study in the rehabilitation of degraded peat swamp forest Ex Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia was reviewed to discuss the gap between current concepts of ecosystem recovery with the real conditions on the ground. Information collected through this study is useful for planning, implementing and monitoring the long term ecosystem recovery process of degraded tropical forest. From the analysis, this paper concluded that degree of degradation, ecosystem resiliency and ecosystem sensitivity are the major ecological aspects in ecosystem recovery. However, the dynamics of the degraded ecosystem determines the possibility of the ecosystem to be restored to its historical state. Moreover, maintaining long term ecosystem recovery process is challenged by time and costs, however community involvement may reduce the challenges. Making the restoration program as a local livelihood-oriented program may become one of the options to enhance the community participation. Hence, to improve the ecosystem services in the degraded ecosystems, both ecological and social aspects need to be addressed particularly in phase of determining the goals of the program. Southeast Asia English Martini E. 2011. Aspects of ecosystem recovery in human-dominated tropical landscape: case study of degraded tropical peat-swamp forest in Ex Mega Rice Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Hardiyanto EB, Solberg S and Osaki M,eds. Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. 2707 PP 309 PP0309-12 Farmers participation on dipterocarp tree planting in smallholder rubber plantation Hesti L. Tata and Meine van Noordwijk Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto, Svein Solberg and Mitsuru Osaki 2011 Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta, Indonesia 38-41 Shorea trees in smallholder rubber plantation showed that Shorea spp. grew better in open area in one year old rubber plantation, compared with more than 10 years old rubber plantation. Light competition between dipterocarp trees and rubber trees can be minimized through wider space planting. Application of ectomycorrhizal inoculums for Shorea seedlings resulted better performance on early growth in nursery stage, however, less impact for Shorea growth after transplanted to the field. Successfulness of Shorea trees planting in smallholder rubber plantation in Jambi with farmers' participation is discussed in this paper.]]> Southeast Asia English Tata HL and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Farmers participation on dipterocarp tree planting in smallholder rubber plantation. In: Hardiyanto EB, Solberg S and Osaki M,eds. Proceedings of international conference on new perpectives of tropical forest rehabilitation for better forest functions and management. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. 2706 JA 438 JA0438-12 The socioeconomics of food crop production and climate change vulnerability: a global scale quantitative analysis of how grain crops are sensitive to drought Elisabeth Simelton, Evan D. G. Fraser, Mette Termansen, Tim G. Benton, Simon N. Gosling, Andrew South, Nigel W. Arnell, Andrew J. Challinor, Andrew J. Dougill and Piers M. Forster 2012 Food Security 1-17 Many studies warn that climate change may undermine global food security. Much work on this topic focuses on modelling crop-weather interactions but these models do not generally account for the ways in which socio-economic factors influence how harvests are affected by weather. To address this gap, this paper uses a quantitative harvest vulnerability index based on annual soil moisture and grain production data as the dependent variable in a Linear Mixed Effects model with national scale socioeconomic data as independent variables for the period 1990?2005. Results show that rice, wheat and maize production in middle income countries were especially vulnerable to droughts. By contrast, harvests in countries with higher investments in agriculture (e.g. higher amounts of fertilizer use) were less vulnerable to drought. In terms of differences between the world?s major grain crops, factors that made rice and wheat crops vulnerable to drought were quite consistent, while those of maize crops varied considerably depending on the type of region. This is likely due to the fact that maize is produced under very different conditions worldwide. One recommendation for reducing drought vulnerability risks is coordinated development and adaptation policies, including institutional support that enables farmers to take proactive action. Drought vulnerability index . Crop failure . Soil moisture . Food security . Transition economies . Linear model . Adaptive capacity Vietnam English Simelton E, Fraser ED, Termansen M, Benton TG, Gosling SN, South A, Arnell NW, Challinor AJ, Dougill AJ and Forster PM. 2012. The socioeconomics of food crop production and climate change vulnerability: a global scale quantitative analysis of how grain crops are sensitive to drought. Food Security. : P. 1-17. 2705 RP 284 RP0284-12 Carbon rich land use models in Bac Kan province Dam Viet Bac, Do Trong Hoan and Alba Saray Perez Teran 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Field report 26
In Vietnam, REALU II and RUPES II have been very closely linked in Bac Kan provice, where both forest cover and poverty rates are significantly high compared to country?s average. During November 2010, the ICRAF team members conducted two trips to Bac Kan province to find about successful models of carbon rich land use. The aim of the trip was to gather lessons learnt from past experience on sustainable forest management approaches, to later on promote them (Hoang Minh Ha et al 2008). As well as to evaluate the awareness of government units in terms of sustainable forest management and payment for environmental services.]]> Vietnam English Dam VB, Do Trong H and Perez Teran AS. Carbon rich land use models in Bac Kan province. Field reportHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 26 p. GRP 6 2704 RP 283 RP0283-12 Assessing the potential for, and designing, a ?Payment for Environmental Services? scheme in Bac Kan province, Vietnam - in Vietnamese language Hoang Minh Ha and Do Trong Hoan 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Final IFAD-PES report 95 PES is being piloted all over the world, including Southeast Asia, and particularly in Vietnam. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has been active in establishing the PES concept in Vietnam since 2002. From the start, ICRAF, in partnership with the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), conducted PES pre-assessment studies, interviews and meetings with stakeholders to formulate a PES action plan for Vietnam. Since then, and especially from 2004, ICRAF Vietnam has partnered with several international and national organizations to work with PES capacity building and awareness-raising, through a series of stakeholder workshops and publication of booklets and policy briefs. Research findings in the last two years have shown that PES pilots in other parts of the world as well as in Vietnam have focused on payments for water services, carbon sequestration and soil protection. There have not been enough studies conducted to test the viability of landscape beauty as an environmental service in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Vietnam Vietnamese Hoang MH and Do Trong H. Assessing the potential for, and designing, a ‘Payment for Environmental Services’ scheme in Bac Kan province, Vietnam. Final IFAD-PES reportHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 95 p. GRP 6 2703 RP 282 RP0282-12 Assessing the potential for, and designing, a ?Payment for Environmental Services? scheme in Bac Kan province, Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha and Do Trong Hoan 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Final IFAD-PES report 95 PES is being piloted all over the world, including Southeast Asia, and particularly in Vietnam. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has been active in establishing the PES concept in Vietnam since 2002. From the start, ICRAF, in partnership with the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), conducted PES pre-assessment studies, interviews and meetings with stakeholders to formulate a PES action plan for Vietnam. Since then, and especially from 2004, ICRAF Vietnam has partnered with several international and national organizations to work with PES capacity building and awareness-raising, through a series of stakeholder workshops and publication of booklets and policy briefs. Research findings in the last two years have shown that PES pilots in other parts of the world as well as in Vietnam have focused on payments for water services, carbon sequestration and soil protection. There have not been enough studies conducted to test the viability of landscape beauty as an environmental service in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Vietnam English Hoang MH and Do Trong H. Assessing the potential for, and designing, a ‘Payment for Environmental Services’ scheme in Bac Kan province, Vietnam. Final IFAD-PES reportHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 95 p. GRP 6 2702 RP 281 RP0281-12 Program Feasibility Note for Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU) activities in Bac Kan province, Vietnam Rohit Jindal, Do Trong Hoan and Minh Ha Hoang, et al 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Report to ASB partnerships for the tropical forest margins 65
Vietnam has seen a dramatic change in forest cover in the last 60 years. Although, the proportion of land under forest cover declined from 43% in 1943 to 20% in 1993, large scale plantations and forest regeneration since then increased the forest area to 13.564 million ha (representing 39% of the total land) in 2009. On average, the country has gained forests at more than 2% per annum over the last 20 years, making it one of the few tropical countries on the right side of the forest transition curve. However, the national figure masks wide variations in forest cover in different parts of the country. Deforestation is a major problem in Central Highlands, while significant forest cover is also being lost in the north central region. Similarly, coastal mangrove forests have witnessed a large scale deforestation, with an average decline of 15,000 ha/year between 1985 and 2000. Another related issue is of forest degradation. Even though forest cover has increased in many parts of the country, the quality of forests has not. While less than 1% of the land area is now under primary forests, more than 2/3rd of the natural forests are considered poor or regenerating. Forest conservation and management through REDD+ initiatives has ample scope at the national and sub-national level. The main agency to manage land is the Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE) while the administration of forest and forestry land is under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). Both MONRE and MARD have corresponding departments at the province and district levels.

The Government of Vietnam has taken several important initiatives to conserve forests and to decentralize forest management in the country. Although all land is owned by the state, under the 2003 Land Law and the Decision 181 passed in 2004 as part of the Forest Protection and Development Law, forest land can be allocated to local people in various forms: individual households, groups of households, and village communities. The forest land can be allocated in the form of ?red book certificates? for 50 years, renewable for another 50 years. Another important initiative is the Decision 380 introduced in 2008, under which local people can receive Payments for Forest Environmental Services (PFES). After the piloting of PFES in Lam Dong and Son La provinces, the program is now being planned for large scale replication throughout the country. Under PFES, the government is also establishing a Forest Protection and Development Fund (FPDF) which will channel public and private funding to local people for forestry activities. In order to calibrate the payments to local context, the government has envisaged ?K coefficients? that will determine the specific payment depending on the state of forests and other natural parameters.

Both these initiatives have strong bearing on the scope of REDD+ program in Vietnam. Under a fair and effective Benefit Distribution System (BDS), the government is open to sharing international REDD+ revenue with local people that are involved in forest protection and management. The sub-technical working groups under the national REDD+ program are looking at the feasibility of establishing a sub-REDD fund under the FPDF that can provide payments to local people on the basis of REDD or ?R coefficients?. However, there are concerns regarding the equity element especially when a large proportion of the population does not possess red book certificates. Another concern is how to balance the need for upfront benefits to community members with performance based payments that are conditional on emission reduction. Other concerns include the limitation of REDD payments in addressing drivers of deforestation that lie outside the forest areas and in sufficiently compensating community members/forest managers for their opportunity costs.

Integrating REDD+ programs with the landscape level approach promoted by REALU can help address many of these concerns. Instead of providing payments for only forest conservation activities, REALU incentivizes community members for conserving all carbon rich land uses. In addition, cross-sectoral planning helps governments in formulating policies that are effective in addressing drivers of deforestation, while providing long term incentives to community members to adopt sustainable land use practices. Considering that the experience with REDD+ in Vietnam has been mainly limited to national level, and that demonstration activities will be needed in the field to add momentum to the present initiative, ICRAF Vietnam decided to focus the sub-national activities under REALU to Bac Kan province.]]> Vietnam English Rohit Jindal RJ, Do Trong H and Hoang, et al MH. Program Feasibility Note for Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU) activities in Bac Kan province, Vietnam. Report to ASB partnerships for the tropical forest marginsHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 65 p. GRP 6 2701 RP 280 RP0280-12 Final Report of the TULSEA project in Vietnam Nguyen Hoang Quan, Elisabeth Simelton and Hoang Minh Ha 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 17 Within the frame of TULSEA project, ICRAF Vietnam contributed with the developing of two tools, namely PaLA and PaPOLD. Case studies from Vietnam on these tools have been shared with other SEA countries involved in TULSEA project through TULSEA regional training in the Philippines and Indonesia in 2009 and 2910, respectively.]]> Philippines English Quan NH, Simelton E and Hoang MH. Final Report of the TULSEA project in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 17 p. GRP 6 2700 RP 279 RP0279-12 Training of Trainers (ToT) on the Toolbox in natural resources management and in Payment for Environmental Services in Vietnam - TUL-VIETNAM Elisabeth Simelton 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 39
This TUL-Vietnam ToT is a part of TUL-SEA project, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and Deutsche Gesellschaft f�r Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), and coordinated by ICRAF. The project started in 2007 with project activities in six Southest Asian countries (including Vietnam and China).

The first TULSEA training in Vietnam was organized during one week, November, 22-27, 2008, in Nui Coc, Thai Nguyen province for 20 participants from provinces, research organizations, and universities. As a result, six partners have started testing the tools in three different agro-ecological zones of Vietnam, including the northern uplands (Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen), northern midlands (Hoa Binh), and central coastal region (Thua Thien Hue). These results have been incorporated into SEA TULSEA book in English and TUL-Vietnam book in Vietnamese. Both books will be published in 2011.

On request from IFAD-PES project in Bac Kan and in order to bring some selected TULSEA tools to the real life of rural development program in Vietnam, the second TULSEA workshop named TUL-Vietnam was organized in March-April 2011. The focus of this ToT was to introduce four key tools for developing PES/RES mechanisms:
Participatory Analysis Of Poverty, Livelihoods And Environment Dynamics (PaPOLD) at community level. PaPOLD helps identify target groups and payment mechanisms that are fair and sustainable.
Participatory Landscape Analysis (PALA) at landscape, community and household levels. PaLA helps to identify the basis for decision making in land use and land-use changes. This knowledge is vital for designing PES.
Reverse Auction For Payment Of Environmental Services (RA): RA is a new tool, which has been being tested in Africa and Southeast Asia, and is planned to be applied for PES negotiation in Bac Kan in 2011.
Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): RaCSA is a tool to identify carbon Environmental Services, and gives communities the opportunity to participate in reporting and monitoring contracts in payment for Carbon ES.

The training was separated into two parts, a two-day theoretical in-house training in Hanoi (March 31 and April 1, 2011) and two weeks practical field-based training using the PALA and RaCSA tools in Bac Kan (April 2011). The training included over 20 enthusiastic participants who will continue to train IFAD-PES project in Bac Kan province.]]> Vietnam English Training of Trainers (ToT) on the Toolbox in natural resources management and in Payment for Environmental Services in Vietnam - TUL-VIETNAM. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 39 p. GRP 6 2699 JA 437 JA0437-12 Tree shape plasticity in relation to crown exposure Degi Harja, Gregoire Vincent, Rachmat Mulia and Meine van Noordwijk 2012 Trees Springer-Verlag 1-11 Trees outside closed forest stands differ in the relation between stem diameter, height and crown volume from trees that grew with neighbours close by. Whether this plasticity in tree shape varies between species in relation to their light requirement is unknown. We purposefully sampled 528 trees ranging 5?100 cm diameter at breast height growing in a range of light conditions. Across ten broad-leaved species observed in Sumatra or Kalimantan, a generic relationship was found between light exposure of the crown and a light-dependent al parameter that modifies the height?diameter allometric equation (H = alDb) from those for closed stands. In our results, vertical stretching is well predicted by light availability. In fully open conditions, trees are on average 31% shorter for the same diameter than under (partial) shade. Most of the stretching response occurs in all species as soon as some degree of lateral shading occurs. The response, however, varies by species (8?44% reduction) in a way apparently unrelated to species? successional status. Crown volume varied less than stem height in its relationship with stem diameter across all light conditions tested. The scaling of crown volume with stem diameter, however, differed markedly between tree species. Tree height, Crown shape, Humid tropics, Wood density, Allometry Southeast Asia English -1 Harja D, Vincent G, Mulia R and van Noordwijk M. 2012. Tree shape plasticity in relation to crown exposure. Trees. : P. 1-11. 2698 JA 436 JA0436-12 Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains Dosteus Lopa, Iddi Mwanyoka, George Jambiya, Thabit Massoud, Paul Harrison, Mark Ellis-Jones, Tom Blomley, Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk and Neil D. Burgess 2012 Oryx 46 01 34-44 Sustaining the regular flow of water from mountain forests is important for downstream stakeholders in seasonally dry tropical countries, and a watershed payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that links rural ecosystem service providers to urban water users through economic transfers may help to maintain water supply and forest habitat. A CARE/WWF project in the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania has established a pilot watershed PES scheme. We trace the development of this scheme and outline its initial impacts. Memoranda of Understanding between companies in Dar es Salaam (the downstream water users) and farmers in the mountains provide the framework to deliver tangible financial benefits to local people, help change patterns of land use and potentially improve water quality. A number of lessons learned from this project are relevant for similar schemes elsewhere in the region. Overcoming the various challenges is essential for expanding the current pilot project to a scale where it delivers measurable changes in water quality for downstream users. Africa, direct payments for conservation, Eastern Arc Mountains, payment for ecosystem services, PES, tropical forest, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains Southeast Asia English 0 Lopa D, Mwanyoka I, Jambiya G, Massoud T, Harrison P, Ellis-Jones M, Blomley T, Leimona B, van Noordwijk M and Burgess ND. 2012. Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains. Oryx. 46(01):P. 34-44. GRP 6 2697 LE 175 LE0175-12 Current Watershed Functioning of Manupali RUPES Philippines team 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Phillipines This series is created to help stakeholders inform the design of rewards for environmental services (RES) mechanism in Manupali watershed. In this issue, we highlight the results of the GenRiver model, as part of the Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) conducted for Manupali watershed, from July 2009 to January 2010. Philippines English RUPES Philippines team. 2011. Current Watershed Functioning of Manupali. [Leaflet].Phillipines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 6 2696 BK 153 BK0153-12 Studi Kebijakan Penguatan Tenurial Masyarakat Dalam Penguasaan Hutan Kurnia Warman, Idris Sardi, Andiko and Gamma Galudra 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Perkumpulan untuk Pembaruan Hukum yang Berbasiskan Masyarakat dan Ekologis (HuMa) Bogor, Indonesia 111 978 979 3198 61 3 Berdasarkan hal itu, sebagai upaya pengembangan dan perbaikan instrumen tenurial yang menjamin masyarakat adat dan lokal untuk menguasai tanah dan lansekap serta memastikan sistem imbalan bagi masyarakat, khususnya dalam praktek REDD, studi ini dimulai dengan mencoba mencari jawaban dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut: 1) Seperti apa bentuk sistem tenurial yang saat ini disediakan oleh hukum dan kebijakan pemerintah, serta yang ada dan berkembang pada tingkat masyarakat, baik di dalam maupun di luar kawasan hutan? Analisis ini mencakup bentuk pengelolaan dan penguasaan tanah, beserta persoalan tumpang tindih klaim. 2) Bagaimana kesenjangan antara tujuan kebijakan dan praktek kebijakan di lapangan? 3) Bagaimana kebijakan mekanisme dan imbal jasa lingkungan berjalan, khususnya REDD?
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, studi ini kemudian mengulas secara singkat pemikiran-pemikiran tentang tenure, hak atas tenure dan kepastian tenurial. Selanjutnya, buku ini juga mengulas pengaturan hukum mengenai pengaturan tenure atas tanah dan hutan, khususnya ruang-ruang hukum yang tersedia untuk masyarakat adat ataupun masyarakat lokal. Dalam kerangka berpikir mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan, khususnya REDD, buku ini akan menggambarkan secara singkat salah satu perdebatan hukum penting mengenai hak atas karbon. Ulasan hak atas karbon ini penting dibahas dalam kerangka kompensasi atas kegiatankegiatan penyimpanan dan penyerapan karbon dalam skema REDD. Selain mengenai kajian-kajian normatif teori maupun kebijakan, buku ini juga akan membawa pembaca kepada temuan-temuan studi lapangan yang dilakukan di propinsi Sumatra Barat dan Jambi. Akan dijelaskan cara kerja seperangkat aturan normatif. Temuan-temuan studi ini akan dianalisis dalam pendekatan kepastian tenurial menurut hukum.
Studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam kacamata teori hukum, masyarakat tidak memiliki kepastian tenurial yang penuh untuk melindungi tanah-tanah komunal mereka di bawah aturan pertanahan yang ada. Hal serupa terjadi di dalam ruang perizinan pemanfaatan hutan yang ada. Dalam konteks kehutanan, setiap perizinan pengelolaan hutan oleh masyarakat tidak memiliki mekanisme keluhan yang singkat dan sederhana serta murah untuk menyelesaikan setiap masalah dan sengketa yang timbul. Masyarakat juga tidak memiliki ruang yang cukup untuk menentukan arah kebijakan pengelolaan hutan, begitu juga halnya dengan durasi hak yang terbatas. Sehingga dalam situasi demikian akan sulit memastikan bahwa hak atas karbon dalam kerangka REDD itu akan secara efektif dimiliki oleh masyarakat.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Warman K, Sardi I, Andiko and Galudra G. 2012. Studi Kebijakan Penguatan Tenurial Masyarakat Dalam Penguasaan Hutan. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Perkumpulan untuk Pembaruan Hukum yang Berbasiskan Masyarakat dan Ekologis (HuMa). 111 p. GRP 6 2695 BC 327 BC0327-12 Vegetable Crops Grown Between Strips of Arachis pintoi Agustin Mercado, Jr., Don Immanuel Edralin and Manuel Reyes Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, Nat... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 12 177-188 Lantapan, Bukidnon in Mindanao. Philippines is famous for its yearround vegetable production due to favorable climate and use of suitable technologies. Tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and carrots, grown widely in Lantapan, were evaluated as to their growth and yield performance in live Mulch and drip irrigation. Arachis pintoi, a perennial legume, was used as live mulch. Drip irrigation uses a specially designed low-cost material that supplies water drip after drip to plants. Vegetable crops were transplanted 6 months after A. pintoi establishment. A. pintoi grew well on acid soils and has a potential to be used as live mulch in intensive vegetable production as it covers the soil with dense neat of stolons protecting soils from all forms of erosion. The growth of tomato, Chinese cabbage and carrots, however, were negatively affected by A. pintoi but bell pepper and cabbage growth were not. Yields of vegetable crops except bell pepper were also negatively affected by A. pintoi. Bell pepper, known to withstand water logging may have played an important role in this wet season. The use of live mulch in tomato, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and carrot production is not advisable during wet season but may be advantageous during dry season. Growing A. pintoi in bell pepper production is a good option as it did not affect its growth and yield. Proper management of A. pintoi may lessen, if not eliminate, the detrimental effect to crops during wet season. Live mulch, cover crop, Arachis pintoi, drip irrigation Philippines English Mercado, Jr. A, Edralin DI and Reyes M. 2012. Vegetable Crops Grown Between Strips of Arachis pintoi. In: Catacutan D, Mercado, Jr. A, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 177-188. GRP 2 2694 BC 326 BC0326-12 Bridging the Gap between Central and Locally-Formulated Policies to Promote Smallholder Investments in Vegetable-Agroforestry: the case of Lantapan Municipality in southern Philippines Caroline Duque-Piñon and Delia Catacutan Delia Catacutan, Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, ... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 18 367-384 The Philippines? policy environment is generally supportive to vegetable agroforestry (VAF), but the benefits to smallholders remain limited. National Ievel policies are often slow in addressing the diverse and immediate needs of smallholders local policy response is thus needed to offset this gap, At the local level, policy support is needed to improve the extension system especially in improving access to new technologies, establishing market linkages and providing infrastructure support. This paper presents the experience of Lantapan Municipality in initiating a pro-smallholder incentive-based policy, to stimulate smallholder investments in VAF. Policy instruments, vegetable agroforestry, incentive-based policy, smallholders Philippines English Duque-Piñon C and Catacutan D. 2012. Bridging the Gap between Central and Locally-Formulated Policies to Promote Smallholder Investments in Vegetable-Agroforestry: the case of Lantapan Municipality in southern Philippines. In: Catacutan D, Mercado Jr. AR, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 367-384. GRP 6 2693 BC 325 BC0325-12 Women Farmer and ?Angels of the Earth?: Piloting Vermicomposting in a Vegetable ?Agroforestry System Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Agustin Mercado, Jr. and Manuel Reyes Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, Nat... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 18 261-277 Women farmers, venuicomposting, sustainable technology, organic fertilizer Philippines English Chiong-Javier ME, Duque-Piñon C, Mercado, Jr. A and Reyes M. 2012. Women Farmer and “Angels of the Earth”: Piloting Vermicomposting in a Vegetable –Agroforestry System. In: Catacutan D, Mercado, Jr. A, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 261-277. GRP 2, GRP 6 2692 BC 324 BC0324-12 Selection of Vegetable Crops under Vegetable-Agroforestry System Manuel Palada, D. L. Wu, G.C. Luther, Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, M. Bhattarai, Agustin Mercado, Jr., M Reyes and Caroline Duque-Piñon Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, Nat... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 18 113-130 Tree-crop interactions in agroforestry systems involving vegetable crops have not been studied extensively because previous research in agroforestry focused on agronomic arable field crops. A vegetable-agroforestry system was established at AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center to: 1) study tree-crop interactions in alley-cropping vegetable crops with tropical fruit trees in terms of competition and/or complementarity: 2) investigate the influence of tree crops on natural habitat and insect pest populations in vegetable alley-cropping systems; and 3) evaluate total productivity and economic re- turns from high value horticultural crops in an agroforestry system. Seedlings of 12 tropical fruit tree species: Anona reticulata, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Chrysophyllum caimito, Coffea arabica, Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia uniflora, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria caampechiana, Psvdium littorale, Rollinia mucosa, Svzygium samarangense, and Tamarindus indica were established in December 2005 at AVRDC's Organic Vegetable Research Plots. Vegetable crops were grown sequentially in alley beds between tree hedgerows 10 months after tree establishment. Monoculture cropping of vegetables was established for comparison. The trial was conducted using a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Establishment and initial growth of trees varied according to species. Outstanding species for stand establishment and growth were A. heterophyllus, C. caimito, T. Indicus and A. reticulata. Marketable yields of vegetables varied with species over a period of 3 years and 4 sequential cropping seasons. During the first two seasons, marketable yield levels were not influenced by tree hedgerows, which were in the stage of being established. The effect of tree-crop competition in reducing yield was not apparent. As fruit trees became fully established and developed full canopies, the demand for soil moisture, nutrients and light increased, which resulted in significant yield reduction for sweett pepper (64%), tomato (47%), and Chinese cabbage (20%). Cucumber and eggplant were less affected by tree hedgerows, with yield reductions of I% and 11 %, respectively. Shading of vegetables by trees was considered a major factor in decreased yield. With time, yield loss from vegetable crops will be compensated by yield gains in fruit trees as some species were already at the reproductive stage. Incidence of insect pests and economic returns from vegetable production under hedgerow intercropping are presented in the report. Our results suggest that integration of high value vegetable crops during the early stage of tree establishment in agroforestry systems can provide quick economic returns which are of tremendous benefits to livelihoods of smallholder growers as the returns from trees can be obtained later. The early economic return from vegetables compliments the benefits from fruits leading to sustainable vegetable-agroforestry systems which will provide positive incentives for the resource-poor and smallholders in the tropics. Alley cropping, tree-crop interaction, tropical fruit trees, vegetable crops Philippines English Palada M, Wu DL, Luther G, Chiong-Javier ME, Bhattarai M, Mercado, Jr. A, Reyes M and Duque-Piñon C. 2012. Selection of Vegetable Crops under Vegetable-Agroforestry System. In: Catacutan D, Mercado, Jr. A, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 113-130. GRP 2, GRP 6 2691 BC 323 BC0323-12 Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding Vegetable- Tree Interaction as a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming in the Uplands of Southeast Asia Agustin Mercado, Jr., Caroline Duque-Piñon, Manuel Palada and Manuel Reyes Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, Nat... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 34 79-112 Focus group discussions (FGD) were also conducted with VAF farmers on ways of integrating trees on vegetable farms. Furthermore, a field experiment was established to evaluate 30 different indigenous and commercial, tree, fruit, leafy, root and climbing vegetables planted in rows perpendicular to 6-year old Eucalyptus torelliana tree rows.
Most of the vegetable farmers interviewed (90%) were cultivating sloping land, and they used trees like hedgerows or farm boundaries or random plantings on-farm to control soil erosion, improve farm productivity and meet other household purposes. Vegetable-agroforestry farmers expressed difficulties during land preparation in areas close to the trees. They observed tree competition reflected in the yellowing of leaves and smaller size of plants, which they avoided by severely pruning the trees. On the other hand, they found darker soils, cooler temperature and reduced windspeed if they integrated trees on their farm. Under farmers' management, we found that the optimum tree rows spacing was 20-25 m apart, and tree species like Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus torelliana and Acacia mangium, were more suitable for VAF systems than Gmelina arborea and Maesopsis eminii. Trees pruned from 40-60% of their canopies provided better complementarity effects. Suit- able commercial vegetables were common cabbage, cauliflower, carrots and bell pepper. There was a positive relationship between net complementarity indices (NCi) and tree height and the amount of canopy left after tree pruning, but NCi was negatively related to canopy width. Vegetables grown on the cast or south side of tree rows yielded better than the opposite.
In researcher-managed experiments, fruit and root vegetables were more adapted than leafy vegetables for planting near the trees, with the exception of eggplants. Tree vegetables were more responsive at supplementarity zones, which was from 6 to 15 m from the tree line and had higher net complementarity indices (NCi). Among the commercial vegetables, tomato, carrots and Chinese cabbage had the highest percent increase in yield (PY) under tree-based systems. Leafy vegetables were Ammaranthus (TOT 2272), Jute (TOT 6667) and Basella (TOT 5274): climbing vegetables was yard-long bean (TVO 2141), eggplant (SOU-633) and Okra for fruit vegetables, and Malunggay (Moringa oliefera), Alekway (Abelmuchos manihot) and Katuray (Sesbania grandiflora) for indigenous vegetables.]]> Vegetable-tree interaction, successful farming, uplands, SE Asia Philippines English Mercado, Jr. A, Duque-Piñon C, Palada M and Reyes M. 2012. Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding Vegetable- Tree Interaction as a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming in the Uplands of Southeast Asia. In: Catacutan D, Mercado, Jr. A, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 79-112. GRP 2, GRP 6 2690 BC 322 BC0322-12 Tree and Vegetable Management under Vegetable-Agroforestry System Agustin Mercado, Jr., Caroline Duque-Piñon, Manuel Reyes and Manuel Palada Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Ma. Elena Chiong-Javier, Victor B. Ella, Victoria O.Espaldon, Agnes C. Rola, Manuel Palada, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Jean A. Saludadez, Anthony M. Penaso, Miriam R. Nguyen, Charmaine Pailagao, Isidra B. Bagares, Nat... 2012 Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Beijing, China Special Publication No. 6b 16 131-145 In intensive vegetable production systems in the uplands, monoculture systems are not sustainable, but integrating trees is feasible and offers better prospects. Tree and vegetable management in the context of' Vegetable- Agroforestry (VAF) system was studied at Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines. The intent was to improve the net benefits of VAF through improved complementarity and reduced competition among components. This emphasized the integration of valuable trees into the system. This includes among others tree- vegetable matching, tree Silvicultural and vegetable crops agronomic manage- ments. Under Vegetable-Agroforestry system, vegetable yields can increase by up to 40%. This is due to the ameliorative effects of trees on the environment on associated vegetable crops. The Vegetable-Agroforestry system is arguably the most appropriate option for upper watersheds utilized for intensive vegetable production. It enhances the productivity and profitability of vegetable production, while reducing production risks and environmental hazards. Tree and vegetable management, complementarily, competition Philippines English Mercado, Jr. A, Duque-Piñon C, Reyes M and Palada M. 2012. Tree and Vegetable Management under Vegetable-Agroforestry System. In: Catacutan D, Mercado, Jr. A, Chiong-Javier ME, Ella VB, Espaldon VO, Rola AC, Palada M, Duque-Piñon C, Saludadez JA, Penaso AM, Nguyen MR, Pailagao CP, Bagares IB, Alibuyog NR, Midmore D, Reyes M, Cajilig R, Suthumchai W, Kunta K and Sombatpanit S,eds. Vegetable-Agroforestry Systems in the Philippines. Beijing, China. : World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Beijing, China and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. P. 131-145. GRP 2, GRP 6 2689 JA 435 JA0435-12 Auction Design for the Private Provision of Public Goods in Developing Countries: Lessons from Payments for Environmental Services in Malawi and Indonesia Oluyede C. Ajayi, Broke Kelsey Jack and Beria Leimona 2012 World Development Elsevier Ltd 1-11 Payments for environmental services programs use direct incentives to improve the environmental impacts of private land use decisions. An auction offers an approach to efficiently allocating contracts among least-cost landholders, which can improve the overall cost-effectiveness of the approach. However, experiences with auctions in developing country settings are limited. We compare the results of two case studies that use auctions to allocate payments for environmental service contracts in Indonesia and Malawi. While the settings and the contracts differ, regularities in auction design allow comparisons and general lessons about the application of auctions to payments for environmental services programs. payments for environmental services, cost-effectiveness, auction, land use, Malawi, Indonesia doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.12.007 Southeast Asia IN PRESS English Ajayi OC, Kelsey Jack B and Leimona B. 2012. Auction Design for the Private Provision of Public Goods in Developing Countries: Lessons from Payments for Environmental Services in Malawi and Indonesia. World Development. : P. 1-11. GRP 6 2688 JA 434 JA0434-12 Agroforestry Interactions in Rainfed Agriculture: Can Hedgerow Intercropping Systems Sustain Crop Yield on an Ultisol in Lampung (Indonesia)? Didik Suprayogo, Kurniatun Hairiah, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2010 AGRIVITA Brawijaya University 32 3 205-215 The productivity of rainfed agriculture land developed on Ultisols is limited by physical and chemical constraints. These problems can be solved and consistently high yields obtained only by the development of comprehensive manage-ment systems. In the 1980s, hedgerow inter-cropping was promoted initially for improving soil fertility and sustainability of crop production on nutrient-depleted soils. However the previous enthusiasm for hedgerow intercropping is unsupported by scientific evidence and its labour demand too high. The question remains, is there a window of opportunity where the biophysical principle of hedgerow intercropping is sound? Research to compare the long-term performance of crops and trees in hedgerow intercropping and monocluture cropping is needed. This research has been conducted at long-term field experiment station at the BMSF-Project, Lampung, Indone-sia. The experiment site had non-nitrogen-fixing peltophorum (PP), nitrogen-fixing gliricidia (GG) and alternate peltophorum and gliricidia (PG) hedgerow intercropping and maize / groundnut monoculture (C) treatments. We concluded that the net interactions related to soil fertility and competition for growth resources in peltophroum were positive for crop yield in PP and PG but negative for GG. Even so, the PP and PG sys-tems resulted in similar yields as monocropping; however, hedgerow intercropping considerably improved soil fertility attributes. Agroforestry, crop yield, ultisols, tropics, sustainable Southeast Asia English Suprayogo D, Hairiah K, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. 2010. Agroforestry Interactions in Rainfed Agriculture: Can Hedgerow Intercropping Systems Sustain Crop Yield on an Ultisol in Lampung (Indonesia)?. AGRIVITA. 32(3):P. 205-215. 2687 JA 433 JA0433-12 Impacts of rattan cane harvesting on vegetation structure and tree diversity of Conservation Forest in Buton, Indonesia Atiek Widayati and Bruce Carlisle 2012 Forest Ecology and Management Elsevier B.V. 266 2012 206-215 Lambusango Forest, Buton, Indonesia, is an example of the potential for conflict between forest conservation and long standing local extraction of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs), in this case rattan cane harvesting. This paper investigates the impacts of rattan harvesting on tree and understorey vegetation structure, species richness and diversity. Tree and understorey vegetation characteristics and soil and topographic variables were recorded in forest plots. Interviews with rattan harvesters recorded information on harvesting techniques and locations. The relationships between tree and understorey vegetation characteristics and soils, topography and rattan harvesting techniques were assessed with the multivariate ordination technique of Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Analysis of the relationships with rattan harvesting proximity and forest designation zone used Multivariate Analyses of Covariance (MANCOVA). Tree species richness and diversity are primarily affected by slope gradient and altitude, while tree size is affected mainly by soil chemical factors. Only a small part of the variation in tree structure measures can be attributed to the impacts of rattan cane harvesting. Stronger adverse effects on understorey vegetation density, including tree saplings and seedlings, were found. This is thought to be a case of rattan harvesting exacerbating the effects of competition between rattan plants and other understorey vegetation. Longer term monitoring of forest characteristics could provide stronger understanding of the impacts. However, rattan harvesting appears to have little effect on forest structure and diversity in Lambusango Forest, suggesting that relatively small scale NTFP extraction does not necessarily conflict with forest conservation. Non-timber forest product, Forest conservation, Rattan cane harvesting, Forest structure, Buton Island Southeast Asia English Widayati A and Carlisle B. 2012. Impacts of rattan cane harvesting on vegetation structure and tree diversity of Conservation Forest in Buton, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management. 266(2012):P. 206-215. 2686 BK 152 BK0152-12 Burung-burung Agroforest di Sumatera Asep Ayat Ani Mardiastuti 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 112 978-979-3198-60-6 Agroforest merupakan salah satu tipe penggunaan lahan yang banyak diterapkan oleh masyarakat di Sumatera karena dianggap memiliki fungsi dalam mendukung kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat dari tanaman utamanya dan memiliki fungsi ekologi dalam menjaga kelestarian sumber daya air, kesuburan tanah, pengatur iklim dan habitat bagi keanekaragaman hayati.
Hasil penelitian di Sumatera menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 300 jenis burung ditemukan pada kawasan agroforest dan sekitarnya. Hal ini menjadi indikasi nyata bahwa kawasan agroforest di Sumatera mampu memberikan daya dukung sebagai habitat burung. Artinya, kawasan agroforest dapat menyediakan kebutuhan hidup seperti pakan dan tempat tinggal bagi berbagai jenis burung.
Buku ini dirancang untuk pegangan bagi masyarakat dan pemerhati keanekaragaman hayati agar dapat mengenali jenisjenis burung sehingga tertarik untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang kehidupan dan manfaatnya. Penulis berharap masyarakat dan para pemerhati keanekaragaman hayati dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pelestarian jenis-jenis burung sebagai indikator lingkungan dari aspek keanekaragaman hayati.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Ayat A. 2011. Burung-burung Agroforest di Sumatera. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 112 p. GRP 2 2685 PO 289 PO0289-12 Rice fish ? land use diversification with many socioeconomic and environmental potentials ? In Vietnamese language Elisabeth Simelton, Hoang Thi Hieu, Dam Viet Bac, Nguyen Thi Hoa and Pham Thanh Loan 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Poster presented at Workshop on Ethnic Minority People in Disaster Management and Climate Change Response The objective of this research is to identify pathways towards multifunctional land-uses, in particular identify socioeconomic and environmental trade-offs associated with these transitions. Here we present the results for rice-fish cultivation ? a traditional way of organic agriculture and land use diversification.]]> Vietnam Vietnamese Simelton E, Hoang TH, Dam VB, Nguyen TH and Pham TL. Rice fish – land use diversification with many socioeconomic and environmental potentials – In Vietnamese language. : Poster presented at Workshop on Ethnic Minority People in Disaster Management and Climate Change ResponseHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 2684 PO 288 PO0288-12 Rice fish ? land use diversification with many socioeconomic and environmental potentials Elisabeth Simelton, Hoang Thi Hieu, Dam Viet Bac, Nguyen Thi Hoa and Pham Thanh Loan 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Poster presented at Workshop on Ethnic Minority People in Disaster Management and Climate Change Response The objective of this research is to identify pathways towards multifunctional land-uses, in particular identify socioeconomic and environmental trade-offs associated with these transitions. Here we present the results for rice-fish cultivation ? a traditional way of organic agriculture and land use diversification.]]> Vietnam English Simelton E, Hoang TH, Dam VB, Nguyen TH and Pham TL. Rice fish – land use diversification with many socioeconomic and environmental potentials. : Poster presented at Workshop on Ethnic Minority People in Disaster Management and Climate Change ResponseHanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2011. 2683 LE 174 LE0174-12 Frequently asked questions and answers on payment for forest environmental services - Basis for designing locally appropriate mechanisms of payment for environmental services- In Vietnamese language Do Trong Hoan, Alba Saray-Teran, Dam Viet Bac and Hoang Minh Ha 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese Do Trong H, Saray-Teran A, Dam VB and Hoang MH. 2010. Frequently asked questions and answers on payment for forest environmental services - Basis for designing locally appropriate mechanisms of payment for environmental services- In Vietnamese language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6 2682 PB 36 PB0036-12 Farmers? tree nurseries in Vietnam: opportunities and constraints Hoang Minh Ha, James M Roshetko, Marc Dumas-Johansen, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Doan Duc Lan, Dinh Ngoc Lan and Ramni Jamnadass 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 12 Farmers? nursery can play an inportant rol in supporting government reforestration programs as well as the development of local agroforestry systems that enhance the livelihoods of farmers. They have the protential to be commercial enterprises that enhance the livelihood of farmer-operators. However a lack of access to quality gerplasm, technical support and markets limits the development and success of farmers? nursery. The policy brief has also shown the main way to overcome these constraints. Vietnam English Hoang MH, Roshetko JM, Dumas-Johansen M, Nguyen TH, Doan DL, Dinh NL and Jamnadass R. 2011. Farmers’ tree nurseries in Vietnam: opportunities and constraints. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 12 p. GRP 6 2681 NL 50 NL0050-12 Agfor Sulawesi - Januari 2012 Lia Dahlia, James M Roshetko and Robert Finlayson 2012 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Januari 2012 1-6 The Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi: Linking Knowledge with Action (AgFor Sulawesi) project works with local communities, governments and non-government organizations to improve farmers' incomes through agroforestry and landscape-management systems. Agroforestry is a combination of agriculture and forestry: trees that farmers want are grown on their farms or community land, often mixed with other crops and livestock. When these agroforests grow old they often look more like natural forests than tree farms because they are usually a mix of different types of trees. Experience has shown that agroforests can improve farmers' incomes and help protect natural forests. AgFor Sulawesi plans to solve several problems in order to improve people's lives and help protect the environment. Southeast Asia Indonesian - English Dahlia L, Roshetko JM and Finlayson R. 2012. Agfor Sulawesi - Januari 2012. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1 2680 BK 151 BK0151-12 Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-governance in Vietnam ? In Vietnamese language Neil Powell, Asa Gerger Swartling and Hoang Minh Ha 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 263 One of the major coclusions of this book is that owing to the gaps and inefficiencies in present rural development policies, stakeholders can either completely bypass many pollicies or adapt them in such a way that they are better aligned to their direct needs, Cast in a negative light, this outcome could be viewed as a problem in terms policy of compliance. Findings from the different cases suggest, however, that this trend can instead be viewed as a means to pave the way for a precess that has already begum ? power sharing and negotiation between the state, the commercial sector and civil society, This conclusion has been taken on board when formulating the PEARL concet, in which Sweden can share its lessons learned on co-governance on a level playing field. Vietnam Vietnamese 2011. Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-governance in Vietnam – In Vietnamese language. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 263 p. 2679 BK 150 BK0150-12 Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-governance in Vietnam Neil Powell, Asa Gerger Swartling and Hoang Minh Ha 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Hanoi, Vietnam 167 One of the major coclusions of this book is that owing to the gaps and inefficiencies in present rural development policies, stakeholders can either completely bypass many pollicies or adapt them in such a way that they are better aligned to their direct needs, Cast in a negative light, this outcome could be viewed as a problem in terms policy of compliance. Findings from the different cases suggest, however, that this trend can instead be viewed as a means to pave the way for a precess that has already begum ? power sharing and negotiation between the state, the commercial sector and civil society, This conclusion has been taken on board when formulating the PEARL concet, in which Sweden can share its lessons learned on co-governance on a level playing field. Vietnam English 2011. Stakeholder Agency in Rural Development Policy: Articulating Co-governance in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 167 p. 2678 TD 167 TD0167-12 Payments for environmental services (PES) from tourism: A realistic incentive to improve local livelihoods and sustain forest landscapes in Viet Nam?s northern highlands Kira de Groot 2011 Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen, The Netherlands 113 Department of Environmental Sciences Msc Vietnam English de Groot K. 2011. Payments for environmental services (PES) from tourism: A realistic incentive to improve local livelihoods and sustain forest landscapes in Viet Nam’s northern highlands. Wageningen, The Netherlands. : Wageningen University and Research Centre. 113 p. GRP 6 2677 JA 432 JA0432-12 Benefit distribution across scales to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha, Do Trong Hoan, Minh Thoa Pham, Meine van Noordwijk and Peter A Minang 2012 Journal of Land Use Policy Elsevier Ltd 1-15 Research questions were how to incorporate international, national and local stakeholders? investments into any distribution scheme; and how to sustain and manage an efficient, effective and equitable funding scheme for environmental services, including REDD+ revenues. Multiple data collection and analytical methods (including participatory approaches) were used to answer both research questions. Additionally, for the second question, we employed cost-benefit, opportunity cost and economic analyses.
Three key concepts formed the research frame for this paper: (1) benefit-distribution systems; (2) reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus conservation (REDD+); and (3) the broader concept of payments or rewards for ecosystem services; as well as lessons learned from existing, similar schemes.
This results shows that an appropriate benefit-sharing system for REDD+ revenues can be developed in such a way that meets international regulations as well as national and sub-national circumstances, particularly for the environmental services? providers who directly protect forests. Vietnam?s payments for forest environmental services? and integrated conservation schemes (where conservation and rural development are integrated) serve as a base for the development of a REDD+ benefit-distribution system.
We discuss ways of bundling such schemes with REDD+ ?service? payments and income streams from forestry and agroforestry ?goods? to provide short-term food- security/economic return and long-term environmental benefits. This combination is expected to provide sustainable incentives, but further effort is needed in the use of participatory methods and a ?bottom-up? approach to provide a strong base for an effective and equitable REDD+ mechanism at landscape level.
Experience drawn from Vietnam, in general, and in Bac Kan, in particular, can be replicated and directly contribute to reducing carbon emissions globally.]]> REDD+, Benefit sharing 16 system, Payment for environmental services, Equity, Transparency, Accountability, Effectiveness, Watershed management, Participatory Vietnam IN PRESS English Hoang MH, Do Trong H, Pham MT, van Noordwijk M and Minang PA. 2011. Benefit distribution across scales to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Vietnam. Journal of Land Use Policy. : P. 1-15. GRP 6 2676 JA 431 JA0431-12 Soil map classified by the soil classification system of the FAO-UNESCO Dam Xuan Van, Dam Viet Bac and Le Thi Thanh Van 2011 Journal of science and technology Thai Nguyen University 1-5 Soil map of Vo Nhai district are oriented establishments to offer appropriately land use for each land unit that using of advantages as well as troubleshoot limitations of each land unit, and propose the suitable solution in the soil reform. Vietnam Vietnamese Dam XV, Dam VB and Le TT. 2011. Soil map classified by the soil classification system of the FAO-UNESCO. Journal of science and technology. : P. 1-5. 2675 JA 430 JA0430-12 Driving forces of land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005) Dam Viet Bac and Dam Xuan Van 2011 Journal of science and technology Thai Nguyen University 1-14 The study was conducted at the Ngoc Phai Commune, Cho Don District, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam. The aimed to determine land-use changes (LUCs) and their driving forces for the last 15 years (1990-2005) of Doi Moi (renovation) era in the mountainous region of northern Vietnam. The proximate (direct) driving forces of land-use change include wood extraction and slash-and-burn, shift in agricultural expansion, cattle ranching, demographic factors, biological factors (soil degradation) and physical factors (slope, elevation and distance from location of LUCs to the main road). In contrast, the underlying (indirect) driving forces of LUCs were Land Allocation Program 1992-1997, Five Million-Hectare Forest Restoration Program 1998-2010, Land Law 1993, Market-driven and Financial Aids in Forest Development. During the first period (1990-1998), the implementation of the forest allocation program became in allocated forest areas. Unfortunately, high rate of forest disturbance happened in the unallocated areas. During second period (1998-2005), after implementation of the land allocation program, market-driven and technological change created different effects on both gain of forest area and loss of forest areas. This period marked a strong economic transformation on agricultural production activities (shift in agricultural sector) and supports from government?s program. However, the forest protection and management seemed to be less effective compared to the first period, during land allocation implementation. driving forces, land use change, mountainous region, northern Vietnam Vietnam English Dam VB and Dam XV. 2011. Driving forces of land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005). Journal of science and technology. : P. 1-14. GRP 6 2674 JA 429 JA0429-12 Forest land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005) Dam Viet Bac and Dam Xuan Van 2011 Journal of science and technology Thai Nguyen University 1-6 The study was conducted at the Ngoc Phai Commune, Cho Don District, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam. The aimed to determine land-use changes (LUCs) for the last 15 years (1990-2005) of Doi Moi (renovation) era in the mountainous region of northern Vietnam. For spatial data, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied as a tool for determining LUCs. Three land-use maps (1990, 1998 and 2005) were overlaid and grouped into two intervals (1990-1998 and 1998-2005). Several thematic maps were created such as slope, elevation, drainage and road maps. Moreover, the study site was divided into 204-grid cells with 500 m x 500 m/cell or 25 ha/cell to identify and quantity the area and location of the land-use changes associated with the grid cell level. For the period 1990-1998, the total area of forest degradation was 109.31 ha. This occurred at 15�-35� slope, 500-700 masl and at a distance of 500-1000m from location of LUCs to the main road. Forest restoration for the same time period was 108.30 ha mainly at 15�-35� slope, 400-700 mal and at a distance of 100-250 m followed by 250-500 m and 500-750 m. For the period 1998-2005, forest degradation had a total area of 625.47 ha mainly at 15�-35�slope, 400-600 masl and at a distance of 250-500 m followed by 500-750 m and 750 ? 1000 m. Forest restoration for the same time period was 657.94 ha mainly at 15�-35� slope, 400-700 mal and at a distance of 250-500 m followed by 500-750 m and 750-1000 m. Vietnam English Dam VB and Dam XV. 2011. Forest land-use change in Ngoc Phai commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam (1990-2005). Journal of science and technology. : P. 1-6. GRP 6 2673 MA 78 MA0078-12 Strategi usaha tani menghadapi fluktuasi harga Rudi Hilmanto and Subekti Rahayu 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 10 4 3 13-15 Harga komoditi pertanian umumnya menurun pada musim panen raya, sehingga petani rentan mengalami kerugian. Rendahnya harga jual membuat petani berhadapan dengan pilihan sulit, yaitu antara menjual komoditi tetapi rugi karena harus mengeluarkan biaya pemanenan dan transportasi atau membiarkan komoditi tidak dipanen. Di sisi lain, petani harus memiliki uang tunai untuk modal usaha tani pada musim tanam berikutnya dan juga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Sebaliknya, pada saat tertentu harga komoditi bisa meningkat, karena barang yang tersedia hanya sedikit. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2672 MA 77 MA0077-12 Monitoring Cadangan Karbon oleh Masyarakat: Uji Coba di Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia dan Nghe An, Vietnam Subekti Rahayu, Michael Poulsen, Yuyun Kurniawan and Hultera 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 10 4 3 10-12 Monitoring cadangan karbon merupakan salah satu tahapan yang harus dilakukan ketika mekanisme pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan nantinya diterapkan. Hasil dari monitoring ini harus bisa dilaporkan dan diverifikasi dengan menunjukkan tingkat akurasi dari pengukurannya, baik dalam skala plot maupun dalam skala bentang lahan. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2671 MA 76 MA0076-12 Bibit karet: penyokong kehidupan rumah tangga Ibu Sumariah Ratna Akiefnawati 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 10 4 3 8-9 Melalui usaha pengembangan bibit karet tersebut, keluarga Ibu Sumariah mendapat perhatian dan kunjungan dari masyarakat, baik nasional maupun internasional. Petani-petani karet dari Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD), Sumatra Barat, Riau dan Lampung datang untuk belajar penangkaran bibit karet unggul. Semua pengunjung merasa puas dengan penjelasan mengenai teori dan praktek membuat pembibitan dengan cara okulasi. Melihat kesuksesan tersebut, para petani pengunjung berniat mengikuti jejak usaha keluarga ini. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2670 MA 75 MA0075-12 Bensin Aren: Mungkinkah Menjadi Sumber Bahan Bakar Alternatif? Endri Martini and James M Roshetko 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 4 3 5-7 Bensin yang saat ini kita gunakan merupakan hasil tambang dan berasal dari fosil yang sudah berproses ribuan tahun lamanya sehingga membentuk minyak bumi. Seperti barang tambang lainnya, minyak bumi merupakan sumberdaya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Oleh karena itu, jumlahnya semakin berkurang sehingga harganya semakin mahal. Semakin mahal dan berfluktuasinya harga minyak mentah dunia menyebabkan banyak pihak mencari alternatif bahan bakar lain dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil seperti minyak bumi. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2669 MA 74 MA0074-12 Menanam aren bukan mitos lagi Max Harry Kaunang and Endri Martini 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 10 4 3 3-4 Aren dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber bahan baku gula, sapu lidi, ijuk, kolang-kaling, sagu dan minuman sudah sejak ratusan tahun yang lalu. Kontribusi aren bagi penghidupan masyarakat di Indonesiapun cukup nyata. Akan tetapi, seiring dengan bertambahnya penduduk dan semakin banyaknya alternatif sumber bahan baku gula selain aren, menyebabkan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap pohon aren menurun. Pohonpohon aren yang sudah tuapun tidak diremajakan, sehingga mati dengan sendirinya. Hal ini mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah pohon aren di beberapa daerah. Jika dibiarkan terus-menerus, maka masyarakat yang menggantungkan hidupnya pada aren akan kehilangan penghidupan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan program penanaman aren terutama di daerah-daerah sentra aren. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2668 NL 49 NL0049-12 Kiprah Agroforestri 10 Max Harry Kaunang, Endri Martini, James M Roshetko, Ratna Akiefnawati, Subekti Rahayu, Michael Poulsen, Yuyun Kurniawan, Hultera and Rudi Hilmanto 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 4 3 1-16 Diawali dengan kisah masyarakat yang memanfaatkan aren sebagai bahan baku untuk gula, sapu lidi, ijuk, kolang kaling juga sebagai minuman segar. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ini, masyarakat tergerak untuk mulai menanam aren, meskipun masih dianggap tabu atau pamali. Mengapa demikian?
Selain pemanfaatan bahan baku di atas, aren juga berpeluang menjadi sumber bahan bakar alternatif. Meskipun masih menjadi wacana, namun pengembangan aren menjadi bensin merupakan suatu peluang.
Tidak hanya aren, bibit karetpun menjadi sumber daya alam yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Dari usaha pembibitan karet, seorang ibu di Jambi berhasil menyekolahkan dua orang anaknya hingga lulus perguruan tinggi.
Meskipun sumberdaya alam merupakan modal dasar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga, namun harus dikelola dengan bijaksana agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya pengelolaan sumber daya adalah dengan mengurangi emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Kegiatan ini tidak hanya dilakukan oleh para peneliti, tetapi mengikutsertakan masyarakat dalam pemantauan sumber daya alam merupakan salah satu cara untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran akan pentingnya pengelolaan yang baik. Pelatihan pengukuran karbon di kalangan masyarakat menjadi langkah awal pelibatan masyarakat dalam pemantauan pengelolaan sumber daya alam.
Tentunya, kesuksesan petani dalam mengelola sumber daya alam juga dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan pemerintah dan strategi petani itu sendiri dalam menghadapi fluktuasi harga komoditas.
]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Kaunang MH, Martini E, Roshetko JM, Akiefnawati R, Rahayu S, Poulsen M, Kurniawan Y, Hultera and Hilmanto R. 2011. Kiprah Agroforestri 10. In: Rahayu S and Tarigan J,eds. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2666 BL 40 BL0040-12 LUWES: Land use planning for Low Emission Development Strategy Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, Gamma Galudra, Putra Agung and Feri Johana 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 47 978-979-3198-58-3 Land Use Planning for Low Emission Development Strategy (LUWES) is a platform for developing a multiple stakeholder decision-making process to establish land use plans for sustainable development, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-based activity while simultaneously maintaining economic growth. It can simulate emissions reduction scenarios within specific zones of a landscape, or across an entire landscape, in order to produce ex ante emissions reduction and opportunity cost forecasts. It also recognizes the impact of land use allocation policies and distribution on tenure and livelihood. LUWES can accommodate the integration process between multiple modalities of land-based emission reductions (such as REDD+; Locally Appropriate Mitigation Action (LAMA); and the voluntary carbon market) at the planning stage across a common landscape. Draft Southeast Asia English 0 Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Galudra G, Agung P and Johana F. LUWES: Land use planning for Low Emission Development Strategy. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 47 p. 2665 JA 428 JA0428-12 An Assessment of Potential Benefits to Smallholders of REDD+ Components in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, Leonida Bugayong and Marlo Mendoza 2011 Annals of Tropical Research Visayas State University 33 1 31–48 Many sectors in the Philippines are looking at the potential of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation-plus (REDD+) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to help finance forest protection and rehabilitation in the country. However, one major problem is that there is little information on the potential benefits the country can expect under REDD+. Specifically, it is not known how each component activities of REDD+ can benefit smallholder farmers. Thus, this paper assesses the potential benefits of activities under REDD+ to smallholder farmers in the country. The key question is what the potential of REDD+ in the Philippines is for improving the sequestration potential of the forest sector and to serve as a form of supplemental livelihood for rural forest dwellers? The main approach of the paper is to summarize what is known about: the historical pattern of deforestation and degradation, the driving forces behind them, communitybased forest management (CBFM), tenure and rights, and to analyze the implications of Copenhagen and Cancun meetings for the Philippines. The main finding of the study is that depending on which REDD+ activity is implemented, smallholder farmers under CBFM areas would have varying roles and potential benefits. Smallholder farmers will benefit the most from avoiding forest degradation and enhancing of forest stocks activities because these activities pose the highest potential carbon credits. Due to the rising total forest cover of the country, very few carbon credits are expected from avoiding deforestation. This implies that government policies and programs could focus on preparing local communities and institutions for activities that decrease forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks. In addition, there are many uncertainties and information gaps remaining. For example, the rate of biomass degradation in Philippines forests and the drivers of forest degradation are still unknown. The ability of government agencies to implement REDD+ is still inadequate. A strong capacity building program is therefore essential. climate change mitigation, REDD, forest conservation, climate policy Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Bugayong L and Mendoza M. 2011. An Assessment of Potential Benefits to Smallholders of REDD+ Components in the Philippines. Annals of Tropical Research. 33(1):P. 31–48. GRP 5 2664 JA 427 JA0427-11 Hot spots of confusion: contested policies and competing carbon claims in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Gamma Galudra, Meine van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto, Idris Sardi, Ujjwal P. Pradhan and Delia Catacutan 2011 International Forestry Review The Commonwealth Forestry Association 13 4 431-441 In the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, expectations of payments for reducing carbon emissions shape the discourse over natural resource management as a means of influencing policy and exercising power. Different types of actors have their own choice of argument and interpretation of facts, rules and norms over resource use or conservation. This article examines the discursive strategies used by contestants in the struggle over property rights in a failed development project (?ex-Mega Rice Area?) in Central Kalimantan and traces their changes and developments in the justification for policy influence in the face of REDD++ implementation. Shifting national policy priorities have affected the distribution of power that shapes the practice and use of forest peatland. The case study highlights the historical baggage of perceived injustice between state and local communities and the contest between national and provincial government authorities that complicates the debate on current efforts to mitigate climate change by emission reduction. discourse, decentralization, REDD, land tenure, carbon rights Southeast Asia English 0 Galudra G, van Noordwijk M, Suyanto S, Sardi I, Pradhan UP and Catacutan D. 2011. Hot spots of confusion: contested policies and competing carbon claims in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Forestry Review. 13(4):P. 431-441. 2663 JA 426 JA0426-11 Analisis ekonomi sistem wanatani berbasis karet rakyat di Kalimantan Barat: implikasi bagi pengembangan karet Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Abi Ismarrahman, Suseno Budidarsono and Laxman Joshi 2010 Warta Perkaretan Pusat Penelitian Karet 29 1 44-56 Analisis neraca usaha tani merupakan alat untuk memahami kinerja ekonomi dari suatu kegiatan pertanian, utamanya digunakan untuk menilai dampak dari intervensi teknologi, perubahan harga dan kebijakan. Analisis tersebut membantu memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kelebihan dan kekurangan dari beragam kegiatan pertanian. Analisis usaha tani yang disajikan dalam makalah ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Olympe, yaitu perangkat lunak pemodelan usaha tani yang dikembangkan oleh Institut National ded la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) dan Mediterranean Agronomic Institite of Montpellier (IAMM). Sebagai salah satu perangkat lunak pemodelan sistem usaha tani, olympe merupakan alat bantu yang cukup efisien dalam memberikan gambaran yang menyeluruh mengenai kondisi petani dan mengaitkannya dengan inovasi dan praktik teknis. Serangkaian analisis dapat dilakukan termasuk dampak ekonomis dari pemilihan suatu teknik, pengaruh ketidakteraturan iklim ataupun kondisi ekonomi, dan dampak lingkungan dari penggunaan lahan. Teknologi sistem wanatani berbasis karet (RAS) di Sanggau, Kalimantan barat, dikembangkan untuk diadaptasi oleh petani kecil yang modalnya terbatas. Hasil penelitian dan kajian menggunakan Olympe menunjukkan bahwa walaupun RAS membutuhkan modal yang lebih besar, profitabilitas lahan dan penerimaan petani (return to labor) memiliki nilai yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan sistem karet tradisional petani. Penerimaan petani pada RAS bisa lebih tinggi dari penerimaan petani pada sistem usaha tani karet monokultur yang biasanya dilakukan secara intensif. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknologi RAS memiliki kelebihan dari segi ekonomi dan lingkungan dibandingkan sistem budidaya karet monokultur dan kelapa sawit monokultur. kinerja sistem usaha tani, neraca usaha tani, profitabilitas lahan, penerimaan petani, sistem wanatani berbasis karet (RAS), Kalimantan Barat Southeast Asia Indonesian Wulan YC, Ismarrahman A, Budidarsono S and Joshi L. 2010. Analisis ekonomi sistem wanatani berbasis karet rakyat di Kalimantan Barat: implikasi bagi pengembangan karet. Warta Perkaretan. 29(1):P. 44-56. 2662 JA 425 JA0425-11 Agrobiodiversity pada sistem wanatani berbasis karet klonal Janudianto, Subekti Rahayu, Budi, Laxman Joshi and Diah Wulandari 2010 Warta Perkaretan Pusat Penelitian Karet 29 1 7-14 agroforest karet. Agroforest karet memiliki nilai lebih dari sisi keanekaragaman jenis tanaman (agrobiodiversity), karena tingginya keragaman spesies tanaman selain karet. Rubber Agroforestry System (RAS), adalah teknologi yang mengintroduksikan bahan tanam karet klonal ke dalam agroforest karet. Teknologi RAS mampu mengakomodasi dan memberikan keleluasaan kepada petani untuk memperkaya kebunnya dengan memilih tanaman sela yang tumbuh dan ditanam di antara karet. RAS 1, salah satu tipe dari teknologi RAS yang setara dengan hutan karet rakyat dengan pengelolaan yang minimal dan penggunaan karet klonal terbukti mampu mempertahankan keanekaragaman jenis tanaman bila dibandingkan dengan monokultur. Perkayaan jenis tanaman di dalam sistem RAS sangat penting artinya bagi petani karena mampu memberikan nilai lebih dalam memnuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari. Dilihat dari sisi agrobiodiversity, perkayaan jenis tanaman ini sangat penting perannya dalam menjaga kelestarian species-species tanaman tertentu.]]> Hevea brasiliensis, agroforest karet, teknologi RAS, perkayaan jenis tanaman, agrobiodiversity]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Agrobiodiversity pada sistem wanatani berbasis karet klonal. Warta Perkaretan. 29(1):P. 7-14.]]> 2661 RP 278 RP0278-11 Towards a sustainable Southeast Asia: transforming lives and landscapes: highlights of 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Program 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 17
In 2010, we continued to find innovative methods to bring to light issues of critical importance to poor farmers, development agencies, governments and donors.

We have strategically focussed on global issues with local impact across the Southeast Asian region, ensuring that sustainability is at the forefront of all we do. With programs reaching across Asia Highlights World Agroforestry Centre Southeast Asia Program 2010 Ujjwal Pradhan, Regional Coordinator from Tibet to the Philippines and from the DPR Korea to Indonesia, and encompassing a range of activities from REDD to the red ape, from farmers' field schools to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Centre's scope is far-reaching and focussed on linking science with sustainability on the ground.]]> Southeast Asia English World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Program. Towards a sustainable Southeast Asia: transforming lives and landscapes: highlights of 2010. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 17 p. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2660 WP 156 WP0156-11 Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal: Kalahan, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Grace B.Villamor, Nelson Pampolina, Reginald Forcadilla, Nonoy Bugtong, Jerome Alano, Delbert Rice, Tina Omas, Reymar Castillo and Dennis Pulan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper nr 106 87
There were several key results of the appraisal.
? Land-use types and farming practices. The majority of Ikalahan are swidden farmers practising traditional farming (for example, pang-omis, which involves integrating tree seedlings of species such as Alnus in the swidden farms). Five major land-use and land-cover types were identified and assessed, that is, agriculture, agroforest, grassland, reforestation and secondary forests.
? Plot-level carbon stocks. The estimated carbon stock of land-use systems in the KFR ranged 0.61?77.86 Mg/ha for aboveground carbon; and 21.8?67.4 Mg/ha for belowground. Total (above- and belowground) carbon stock was estimated to range 54.31?151.13 Mg/ha. These results are low compared to other carbon assessments conducted in the country.
? Land-use and land-cover changes. Land-use and land-cover changes within KFR between 1981 and 2001 were assessed. A decrease in forest, pine and agriculture occurred while there was an increase in old pine and reforestation (for example, mahogany). Carbon values from monitoring plots in 1994 and 2003 were used to extrapolate the land-cover types of the 1981 and 2001 maps, respectively. Based on the results, total carbon stock was approximately 375.8 Gg in 1994 and 452.1 Gg in 2003, that is, a 21% increase in 12 years.
? Carbon emissions. From the land-cover changes, we estimated that the KFR sequestered carbon annually at an average of 0.5 Gg and that 1.4 Gg of carbon was emitted each year over the period 1989 to 2001.
? The Kalahan Educational Foundation is the major stakeholder in the KFR. It has established its own rules and regulations related to natural resources development and has supported traditional farming practices and management strategies (for example, their ?forest improvement technology?) to enhance the carbon stock within the KFR. Currently, the Foundation is exploring the Clean Development Mechanism market. Future options and their implications for the KFR are included in the paper.]]> carbon stock assessment, farming practices, Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, land-use change Southeast Asia English Villamor GB, Pampolina N, Forcadilla R, Bugtong N, Alano J, Rice D, Omas T, Castillo R and Pulan D. 2010. Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal: Kalahan, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Working paper nr 106Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 87 p. GRP 6 2659 WP 155 WP0155-11 Improving smallholders? rubber quality in Lubuk Beringin, Bungo district, Jambi province, Indonesia: an initial analysis of the financial and social benefits Beria Leimona, Ratna Akiefnawati, Rachman Pasha and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper nr 105 11 toke, who mostly are not transparent about the real value of dry rubber content and the market price.

Our hypothesis was that by providing incentives to ?jungle rubber? farmers they would be willing to conserve their rubber-tree gardens, delay or obviating their conversion to other land uses that provide less environmental services, such as monoculture rubber and oil palm.

This report describes the different procedures employed in harvesting, post-harvesting and marketing in traditional and improved production systems. It highlights changes in the ratio of revenue and costs that were borne by farmers, through the deployment of technical innovations and collective action.

Our results showed that improving rubber quality could increase farmers? incomes from agroforestry systems when the dry rubber content (DRC) of their rubber slabs was more than 70% and they sold to agents who could transparently advise on the DRC and fairly determine the price according to the DRC level. When the DRC was lower than 70% and the price at minimum or average levels, selling rubber to toke was more profitable compared to selling direct to the factory.

The activities that improved the rubber quality, which were coordinated by the World Agroforestry Centre and partners, also increased farmers? knowledge and skills. These included practical skills to enhance their livelihoods as well as the capability to organize collective action, which, in the end was able to increase the efficiency of their smallholding rubber businesses. Moreover, neighbouring villages considered these activities useful and profitable, indicating a potential for expansion.

Raising awareness about the ecological importance of rubber agroforestry was constantly needed in this area since there was no formal agreement that only farmers practising ?jungle rubber? agroforestry could enjoy access to innovative technologies and sell direct to factories. From the perspective of an environmental friendly rubber business, it is essential for rubber industries to recognise the environmental and economic value of rubber slabs coming from jungle rubber so that farmers are encouraged to maintain this ecosystem.]]> rubber agroforestry, improving rubber quality, financial and social benefit analysis Southeast Asia English Leimona B, Akiefnawati R, Pasha R and Suyanto S. 2010. Improving smallholders’ rubber quality in Lubuk Beringin, Bungo district, Jambi province, Indonesia: an initial analysis of the financial and social benefits. Working Paper nr 105Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 11 p. GRP 2, GRP 6 2658 WP 154 WP0154-11 Komoditisasi atau koinvestasi jasa lingkungan? Skema Imbal Jasa Lingkungan Program Peduli Sungai di DAS Way Besai, Lampung, Indonesia Rachman Pasha, Tonni Asmawan, Beria Leimona, Erik Setiawan and Chandra Irawadi Wijaya 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working paper nr 104 32
Hasil akhir program menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat mampu menjalankan isi kontrak kesepakatan dengan baik dengan persentase keberhasilan kegiatan sebesar 86 %. Hasil analisis perubahan konsentrasi sedimen menunjukkan penurunan sebesar 20% yang dilihat dari perbandingan antara nilai slope baseline awal sebesar 299.08 dengan nilai slope pada akhir tahun sebesar 239.27. Dengan hasil tersebut maka sebenarnya masyarakat tidak berhasil mencapai target penurunan sedimentasi sebesar 30% untuk mendapatkan kompensasi/penghargaan berupa mikrohidro yang dijanjikan. Namun demikian, pihak PT.PLN-SBDL sangat menghargai upaya masyarakat untuk menurunkan konsentrasi sedimen di sungai Air Ringkih sehingga memutuskan untuk tetap memberikan mikrohidro. Sikap PT.PLN-SBDL ini memberikan dampak yang besar pada peningkatan peran masyarakat untuk menjaga lingkungannya terutama daerah aliran sungai. Hal inilah yang menjadi tujuan utama dari suatu mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan. Masyarakat di daerah hulu tetap melanjutkan pengelolaan lahan mereka dengan menerapkan teknik konservasi tanah dan air sehingga sumberdaya alam tetap terjaga dan penurunan laju sedimentasi bisa tercapai.

Contoh kasus Program Peduli Sungai tersebut menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran paradigma IJL, yaitu dari paradigma ?komoditisasi jasa lingkungan? yang berfokus pada pasar atau jual beli jasa lingkungan menjadi paradigma ?koinvestasi dalam pelestarian lansekap? yang berfokus pada investasi bersama dalam menjaga kelestarian DAS. Secara praktis, ?koinvestasi? dalam implementasi IJL mendorong partisipasi seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk masyarakat hulu dan hilir, pemerintah dan pihak swasta, untuk mempertimbangkan efisiensi dan kesetaraan, membangun kepercayaan parapihak, mengutamakan transparansi dan kebersamaan dalam mengelola DAS secara berkelanjutan]]> pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai, pendekatan partisipatif, program peduli sungai, pembayaran jasa lingkungan, koinvestasi pelestarian lansekap Southeast Asia Indonesian Pasha R, Asmawan T, Leimona B, Setiawan E and Wijaya CI. 2010. Komoditisasi atau koinvestasi jasa lingkungan? Skema Imbal Jasa Lingkungan Program Peduli Sungai di DAS Way Besai, Lampung, Indonesia. ICRAF Working paper nr 104Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 32 p. GRP 6 2657 JA 424 JA0424-11 Boundary work for sustainable development: Natural resource management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) William C. Clark, Thomas P Tomich, Meine van Noordwijk, David Guston, Delia Catacutan, Nancy M. Dickson and Elizabeth McNie 2011 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) The National Academy of Sciences of the USA Previous research on the determinants of effectiveness in knowledge systems seeking to support sustainable development has highlighted the importance of ?boundary work? through which research communities organize their relations with new science, other sources of knowledge, and the worlds of action and policymaking. A growing body of scholarship postulates specific attributes of boundary work that promote used and useful research. These propositions, however, are largely based on the experience of a few industrialized countries. We report here on an effort to evaluate their relevance for efforts to harness science in support of sustainability in the developing world. We carried out a multicountry comparative analysis of natural resource management programs conducted under the auspices of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. We discovered six distinctive kinds of boundary work contributing to the successes of those programs?a greater variety than has been documented in previous studies. We argue that these different kinds of boundary work can be understood as a dual response to the different uses for which the results of specific research programs are intended, and the different sources of knowledge drawn on by those programs. We show that these distinctive kinds of boundary work require distinctive strategies to organize them effectively. Especially important are arrangements regarding participation of stakeholders, accountability in governance, and the use of ?boundary objects.? We conclude that improving the ability of research programs to produce useful knowledge for sustainable development will require both greater and differentiated support for multiple forms of boundary work. doi/10.1073/pnas.0900231108 Southeast Asia English Clark WC, Tomich TP, van Noordwijk M, Guston D, Catacutan D, Dickson NM and McNie E. 2011. Boundary work for sustainable development: Natural resource management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). : P. . 2656 RP 277 RP0277-11 Recognising biodiversity in rubber plantations Hesti L. Tata, Elok Mulyoutami, Zuraidah Said, Harti Ningsih, Asep Ayat and Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo Hesti L. Tata 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 95
Deforestation and transformation of forest cover to other land uses results in a decline in biodiversity. Our study focused on a biodiversity survey on land-cover change in the Dolok Merangir and Aek Tarum rubber plantation areas over the period 1970 to 2010, and the diversity and species composition of vegetation in the rubber plantations compared with rubber smallholder and forest areas surrounding the plantations. Animal diversity studies of birds and bats that play important roles in the ecosystem as pollinators, seed dispersal agents and biological controllers were also undertaken in those three habitats at two sites.

Furthermore, humans as an integral component in the ecosystems play the most important role with a direct influence over land-cover change. The perceptions of local people and their understanding of local activities and their effects on biodiversity were also studied in the research. The overall objective of the research was to assess biodiversity data from the study sites and to make recommendations on how to improve biodiversity in the plantations on the Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate (PT BSRE).]]> Bridgestone report Southeast Asia English Tata HL, Mulyoutami E, Said Z, Ningsih H, Ayat A and Prasetyo PN. Recognising biodiversity in rubber plantations. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 95 p. GRP 6 2655 PB 35 PB0035-11 Merencanakan pembangunan rendah emisi di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi Andree Ekadinata, Putra Agung, Feri Johana, Gamma Galudra, A Palloge, G Usman and N Aini 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief No. 18 6 Tanjung Jabung Barat (Tanjabar) adalah salah satu kabupaten di propinsi Jambi yang memiliki tingkat emisi gas rumah kaca, akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan, yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan kabupaten lain di Propinsi Jambi. Pada tahun 2005-2009, emisi rata-rata di kabupaten ini mencapai 9,66 ton CO2,/(ha.thn). Penyebab utama emisi gas rumah kaca di kabupaten ini adalah konversi hutan bekas tebangan menjadi karet dan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Kebijakan pembangunan di tingkat nasional juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap laju emisi gas rumah kaca,misalnya saja percepatan pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) yang pada kenyataan merupakan bentuk pemanfaatan lahan dominan di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Southeast Asia Indonesian Ekadinata A, Agung P, Johana F, Galudra G, Palloge A, Usman G and Aini N. 2011. Merencanakan pembangunan rendah emisi di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2654 PB 34 PB0034-11 Merencanakan pembangunan rendah emisi di Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi Feri Johana, Putra Agung, Gamma Galudra, Andree Ekadinata, D Fadila, S Bahri and Erwinsyah 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief No 17 6 Merangin adalah salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jambi dengan luas wilayah 7,679 km atau sekitar 15% dari luas wilayah provinsi (BPS Merangin, 2009). Merangin memiliki tingkat emisi gas rumah kaca akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan cukup tinggi dibandingkan kabupaten lain di Propinsi Jambi. Pada tahun 2005-2010, emisi rata-rata di kabupaten ini mencapai 16,62 ton CO2 eq./(ha.th). Penyebab utama emisi gas rumah kaca di kabupaten ini adalah penurunan kualitas hutan dari hutan primer menjadi hutansekunder, hutan sekunder kerapatan tnggi menjadi hutan sekunder kerapatan rendah dan karet campur. Southeast Asia Indonesian Johana F, Agung P, Galudra G, Ekadinata A, Fadila D, Bahri S and Erwinsyah . 2011. Merencanakan pembangunan rendah emisi di Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2653 PB 33 PB0033-11 Recognizing traditional tree tenure as part of conservation and REDD+ strategy: Feasibility study for a buffer zone between a wildlife reserve and the Lamandau river in Indonesia's REDD+ Pilot Province Janudianto, Elok Mulyoutami, Laxman Joshi, D. Andrew Wardell and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya ASB Policy Brief No. 22 4 Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD ) should focus on places where such emissions occur. Protected Areas (PAs) are, in theory, protected and hence, should have no emissions associated with land use/land cover change. In practice protection is incomplete. Can PAs + be included in REDD schemes? Can 'paper parks' be included that exist on paper rather than in reality? How concrete should threats be before we call carbon (C) protection 'additional'? The dilemma may be more manageable if + protected areas are included in a broader landscape approach to REDD . + Some REDD project proponents currently focus on 'buffer zones' where protection is incomplete, but biodiversity co-benefits of additional C + protection can be large. The results of a REDD feasibility appraisal in an area surrounding the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve in Central + Kalimantan, Indonesia's REDD pilot province illustrate the challenges of finding synergies between sustaining livelihoods for local communities, protecting orangutans and globally appropriate mitigation actions. Southeast Asia English 0 Janudianto, Mulyoutami E, Joshi L, Wardell DA and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Recognizing traditional tree tenure as part of conservation and REDD+ strategy: Feasibility study for a buffer zone between a wildlife reserve and the Lamandau river in Indonesia's REDD+ Pilot Province. Nairobi, Kenya. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 4 p. GRP 2, GRP 5, GRP 6 2652 MN 51 MN0051-11 Pengukuran Cadangan Karbon Tanah Gambut. Petunjuk Praktis. Fahmuddin Agus, Kurniatun Hairiah and Anny Mulyani 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 58 978-979-3198-57-6 Lahan gambut merupakan penyimpan karbon dalam jumlah sangat besar. Karbon yang terkandung di dalam tanah gambut bersifat tidak stabil. Dalam keadaan hutan alam karbon tersebut bertahan dalam bentuk bahan organik, namun apabila hutan gambut dibuka dan didrainase maka karbon yang disimpannya akan mudah terdekomposisi dan menghasilkan CO2; salah satu gas rumah kaca terpenting. Selain itu drainase lahan gambut yang berlebihan menyebkan lahan gambut rentan terhadap kebakaran. Proses dekomposisi, konsolidasi (pemadatan) dan kebakaran meyebabkan gambut akan mengalami penyusutan (subsidence) dan kehilangan berbagai fungsinya dalam menyangga lahan sekitarnya dari kebanjiran dan kekeringan. Southeast Asia Indonesian Agus F, Hairiah K and Mulyani A. 2011. Pengukuran Cadangan Karbon Tanah Gambut. Petunjuk Praktis.. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 58 p. GRP 5 2651 PP 308 PP0308-11 Cadangan karbon sebagai penyedia jasa lingkungan dan sumber pendapatan masyarakat Hesti L. Tata, Ni'matul Khasanah and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 Prosiding Seminar Nasional: Harmonisasi kawasan konservasi sebagai penghela ekonomi kehutanan berbasis taman nasional Pusat Riset Perubahan Iklim, Unicersitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia 2011-03-23 00:00:00 93-106 Alam Indonesia yang kaya memberikan sumbangan yang besar bagi kehidupan. Berbagai sumber daya alam, baik berupa materi dan jasa, dimanfaatkan bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Oleh karena itu, kelangsungan hidup manusia sangat tergantung akan kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati. Dalam suatu ekosistem terjadi interaksi yang kompleks antara pojon, binatang, komuniats mikroorganisme dan benda tak hidup sebagai sebuah unit, serta manusia menjadi bagian integral di dalamnya. Southeast Asia Indonesian Tata HL, Khasanah N and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Cadangan karbon sebagai penyedia jasa lingkungan dan sumber pendapatan masyarakat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional: Harmonisasi kawasan konservasi sebagai penghela ekonomi kehutanan berbasis taman nasional. Jakarta, Indonesia. Pusat Riset Perubahan Iklim, Unicersitas Indonesia. GRP 5, GRP 6 2650 BC 321 BC0321-11 Supporting multifunctionality through realistic, conditional and voluntary actions to enhance trees as sources of environmental services Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk, Laxman Joshi, Delia Catacutan, Thomas Yatich, Johannes Dietz, Hosea Mwangi, John Mwangi Gathenya, Catherine Muthuri, Fergus Sinclair, Sanjeeb Bhattarai, Leah Onyango, S. Suyanto, Antoine Kalinganire, Qureish Noordin... Meine van Noordwijk, Hoang Minh Ha, Henry Neufeldt, Ingrid Oborn and Thomas Yatich 2011 How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 44 79-121 In this final section we will discuss the interrelationships among people, trees and local climate (the inner circle of the diagram), and all the surrounding issues at national and international levels, and then relate our current understanding and knowledge of these interrelations to opportunities for action. We pick up the thread from Chapter D and return to the issue of multifunctionality of landscapes and the way human drivers and institutions that influence the landscape can themselves be modified. ISBN: 978-979-3198-56-9 Southeast Asia English Leimona B, van Noordwijk M, Joshi L, Catacutan D, Yatich T, Dietz J, Mwangi H, Gathenya JM, Muthuri C, Sinclair F, Bhattarai S, Onyango L, Suyanto S, Kalinganire A, Noordin Q, Bayala J, Gebrekirstos A, Tscherning K and Duque-Piñon C. 2011. Supporting multifunctionality through realistic, conditional and voluntary actions to enhance trees as sources of environmental services. In: van Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Oborn I and Yatich T,eds. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 79-121. 2649 BC 320 BC0320-11 Trees as providers of environmental services in multifunctional landscapes are vulnerable to climate change Ramni Jamnadass, Aster Gebrekirstos, Henry Neufeldt, Catherine Muthuri, Ian Dawson, Roeland Kindt, Ylva Nyberg, Johannes Dietz, Jules Bayala, Shem Kuyah, Chin K Ong, Carmen Sotelo Montes, John Weber, Kurniatun Hairiah and Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk, Hoang Minh Ha, Henry Neufeldt, Ingrid Oborn and Thomas Yatich 2011 How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 16 63-77 In this section we provide a more in-depth look at the role trees play in the provision of goods and services in multifunctional landscapes. Tree growth is, however, vulnerable to climate variability, depending on the physiological properties of the tree and characteristics of the site. A further quantification of climate variability and climate change is needed to advise on what types of trees can be grown where, to be ready for the likely local climate-change during their lifetime. This leads to a discussion of the two-way relationship between climate change adaptation and rewards for environmental services in multifunctional landscapes as a way to reduce vulnerability to climate change. ISBN: 978-979-3198-56-9 Head Quarters English Jamnadass R, Gebrekirstos A, Neufeldt H, Muthuri C, Dawson I, Kindt R, Nyberg Y, Dietz J, Bayala J, Kuyah S, Ong CK, Montes C, Weber J, Hairiah K and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Trees as providers of environmental services in multifunctional landscapes are vulnerable to climate change. In: van Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Oborn I and Yatich T,eds. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 63-77. 2648 BC 319 BC0319-11 Rural livelihoods in changing, multifunctional landscapes Meine van Noordwijk, Leah Onyango, Antoine Kalinganire, Laxman Joshi, Hoang Minh Ha, Nestry Ndichu and Ramni Jamnadass Meine van Noordwijk, Hoang Minh Ha, Henry Neufeldt, Ingrid Oborn and Thomas Yatich 2011 How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 26 37-61 The main argument in this section is that changing (or 'transforming') landscapes and lives are mutually dependent on each other, as they are closely linked in time and space. Within the landscape continuum, the roles of landscape elements in supplying goods and services to local livelihoods, however, shift with the stage of development and substitution of traded and imported goods and services for those provided locally and potentially used as sources of income. ISBN: 978-979-3198-56-9 Head Quarters English van Noordwijk M, Onyango L, Kalinganire A, Joshi L, Hoang MH, Ndichu N and Jamnadass R. 2011. Rural livelihoods in changing, multifunctional landscapes. In: van Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Oborn I and Yatich T,eds. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 37-61. 2647 BC 318 BC0318-11 Climate change, climate variability and adaptation options Henry Neufeldt, Isabel van de Sand, Johannes Dietz, Hoang Minh Ha, Thomas Yatich, Rodel D. Lasco and Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk, Hoang Minh Ha, Henry Neufeldt, Ingrid Oborn and Thomas Yatich 2011 How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 22 15-35 This section introduces some basic concepts surrounding the climate system, climate change and climate variability. We will provide some insights into the challenges of climate modelling and what the inherent uncertainty really means for us, before exploring the way adaptation has so far been discussed and institutionalised ISBN: 978-979-3198-56-9 Head Quarters English Neufeldt H, van de Sand I, Dietz J, Hoang MH, Yatich T, Lasco RD and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Climate change, climate variability and adaptation options. In: van Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Oborn I and Yatich T,eds. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 15-35. 2646 JA 423 JA0423-11 Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) for livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the orangutan habitat of Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia: mixed prospects for domestication Endri Martini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Arif Rahmanulloh, Elok Mulyoutami, Laxman Joshi and Suseno Budidarsono 2011 Agroforestry Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 1-17 Domestication of desirable forest resources in agroforestry is expected to contribute to community based forest conservation efforts, but there may be an optimum level of domestication in this respect. Aren or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a multipurpose tree that provides livelihoods for local people and food for other biota in the landscape. However, its domestication is still limited in many places, such as in Batang Toru Forest Block, an area of high conservation value, including habitat for the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). Options for aren management were prioritized as part of a landscapescale conservation study by comparing domestication levels in the area. Data on economic indicators and ecological knowledge were gathered through interviews with key farmers, focus groups and transect walks. Four representative villages were selected for the study, that is, (i) two villages with no domestication of aren; and (ii) two villages with aren cultivation in rubber-based land-use systems. Costbenefit analyses suggested that in a rich biodiversity area, such as Batang Toru, although aren was one of the sources of local livelihoods, additional investment for domestication beyond cultivation was not an option considered by farmers. Farmers still perceived wildlife as an efficient mode of aren regeneration, supported by the coexistence of people and other biota in the area. It appears the value of aren for local people?s livelihoods and conservation can be enhanced by increasing its stocking density. There is also scope for improving market access and share of end-user value received by farmers. Natural regeneration, Enrichment, Planting, Aren DOI 10.1007/s10457-011-9441-0 Southeast Asia English 0 Martini E, Roshetko JM, van Noordwijk M, Rahmanulloh A, Mulyoutami E, Joshi L and Budidarsono S. 2011. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) for livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the orangutan habitat of Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia: mixed prospects for domestication. Agroforestry Systems. : P. 1-17. GRP 1, GRP 3 2645 MN 50 MN0050-11 Measuring Carbon Stocks Across Land Use Systems: A Manual Kurniatun Hairiah, Sonya Dewi, Fahmuddin Agus, Sandra J.Velarde, Andree Ekadinata, Subekti Rahayu and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 154 978-979-3198-55-2 Carbon stocks of forests, agroforestry systems and other land uses have become of interest to many stakeholders in the global debate on greenhouse gas emissions and efforts to reduce such emissions. This manual evolved from efforts in the early 1990s when the Alternative to Slash and Burn (ASB) program started efforts to collect consistent data across the humid tropics. The Manual is consistent with the Good Practice Guideline (GPG) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that is to be used for national accounting of carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions. The first part discusses reasons for measurement of carbon stocks across land use systems, at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Part 2 proved a 7-step rapid carbon appraisal process (RaCSA), combining analysis of remote sensing imagery and a nested-design for sampling trees, understorey, litter and other necromass, roots and soil organic matter. Allometric relationships between tree dimater and total biomass are discussed in relation to wood density. A case study describes all steps for the Kali Konto watershed in East Java (Indonesia) Southeast Asia English 0 Hairiah K, Dewi S, Agus F, Velarde SJ, Ekadinata A, Rahayu S and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Measuring Carbon Stocks Across Land Use Systems: A Manual. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 154 p. GRP 5 2644 BL 39 BL0039-11 Perubahan Pola Perladangan: Pergeseran persepsi mengenai para peladang di Indonesia Elok Mulyoutami, Meine van Noordwijk, Niken Sakuntaladewi and Fahmuddin Agus 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 101 978-979-3198-54-5 Alternatives to Slash and Burn? atau ASB yang dilakukan lima belas tahun lampau, menunjukkan ?tebas dan bakar? sebagai metoda pembersihan lahan tidak hanya dilakukan masyarakat peladang namun juga oleh para transmigran, perkebunan skala besar serta dalam industri kayu. Aktivitas tebas dan bakar tidaklah selalu dikonotasikan sebagai perladangan berpindah tradisional. Program ASB pun kemudian berkembang menjadi studi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang komprehensif, serta tetap memperhatikan konsekuensi sosial, lingkungan dan ekonomi. ASB melakukan analisis ?trade off? untuk menyelaraskan lingkungan dengan program pembangunan.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Mulyoutami E, van Noordwijk M, Sakuntaladewi N and Agus F. Perubahan Pola Perladangan: Pergeseran persepsi mengenai para peladang di Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 101 p. GRP 5, GRP 6 2643 JA 422 JA0422-11 China?s new forests aren?t as green as they seem Xu Jianchu 2011 Nature Nature Publishing Group 477 371 Earlier this month, President Hu Jintao pledged that China would do even more. He told a meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum in Beijing that the nation would increase its total area of forest by 40 million hectares over the next decade. China, he said, is ready to make new contributions to green, sustainable growth.]]> China English Xu Jianchu. 2011. China’s new forests aren’t as green as they seem. Nature. 477: P. 371. 2642 MA 73 MA0073-11 An ecomonic-ecological mosaic Ujjwal P. Pradhan 2011 Tempo V 3 2011-10-12 00:00:00 10 Southeast Asia English 2641 MA 72 MA0072-11 Climate smart rural development Rodel D. Lasco 2011 Tempo V 3 2011-10-12 00:00:00 8-9 Southeast Asia English 2640 MA 71 MA0071-11 Agroforestry around ASEAN TUL-SEA Project 2011 Tempo V 3 2011-10-12 00:00:00 6-7 Southeast Asia English 2639 MA 70 MA0070-11 Agroforetsry: A new green buzzword? Yuli Ismartono 2011 Tempo V 3 2011-10-12 00:00:00 5 Southeast Asia English 2638 JA 420 JA0420-11 Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh Juan Carlos Laso Bayas, Carsten Marohn, Gerd Dercon, Sonya Dewi, Hans Peter Piepho, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2011 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 18612 - 18617 In a tsunami event human casualties and infrastructure damage are determined predominantly by seaquake intensity and offshore properties. On land, wave energy is attenuated by gravitation (elevation) and friction (land cover). Tree belts have been promoted as ?bioshields? against wave impact. However, given the lack of quantitative evidence of their performance in such extreme events, tree belts have been criticized for creating a false sense of security. This study used 180 transects perpendicular to over 100 km on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia to analyze the influence of coastal vegetation, particularly cultivated trees, on the impact of the 2004 tsunami. Satellite imagery; land cover maps; land use characteristics; stem diameter, height, and planting density; and a literature review were used to develop a land cover roughness coefficient accounting for the resistance offered by different land uses to the wave advance. Applying a spatial generalized linear mixed model, we found that while distance to coast was the dominant determinant of impact (casualties and infrastructure damage), the existing coastal vegetation in front of settlements also significantly reduced casualties by an average of 5%. In contrast, dense vegetation behind villages endangered human lives and increased structural damage. Debris carried by the backwash may have contributed to these dissimilar effects of land cover. For sustainable and effective coastal risk management, location of settlements is essential, while the protective potential of coastal vegetation, as determined by its spatial arrangement, should be regarded as an important livelihood provider rather than just as a bioshield. glimmix, tsunami mitigation, vegetation effects, food security Southeast Asia English 0 Bayas JC, Marohn C, Dercon G, Dewi S, Piepho HP, Joshi L, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. 2011. Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. : P. 18612 - 18617. 2637 BK 149 BK0149-11 How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes Meine van Noordwijk, Hoang Minh Ha, Henry Neufeldt, Ingrid Oborn and Thomas Yatich 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 133 978-979-3198-56-9 This book focuses on the relationship between climate-change adaptation, rural development and the roles of trees and agroforestry. Rewards' schemes for environmental services (RES) in multifunctional landscapes, which provide incentives for maintaining or restoring multifunctionality, will contribute to a likely reduction in vulnerability to climate change. Rewards may well be an efficient and fair way of investing international funds in climate-change adaptation. The voluntary, conditional and pro-poor aspects of RES will also help to bring the voice of grassroots stakeholders into international and national decision-making processes on how to deal with climate change. That can ensure realism and efficiency in climate-change adaptation, which is yet another strand to be integrated in rural development programs. The argument for such an approach is built on the underlying concepts of climate change, rural livelihoods and multifunctionality of landscapes, as well as the specific roles of trees and farmers as providers of environmental services in agricultural landscapes. However, trees themselves are vulnerable to climate change and co-adaptation is needed and is possible.
The emerging experience and findings of on-going action research in Asian and African countries on climate change, agroforestry and rewards or payments for environmental services (RES/PES) are introduced in the book to highlight these arguments. The experience that RES/PES can create effective, efficient and fair incentives for enhancement of the environment is used to explore how climate-change adaptation funds could be channelled to support local initiatives, within realistic, conditional, voluntary and pro-poor incentive mechanisms.
Priority areas for action and hypotheses for further research are identified, involving the roles of trees in modifying micro- and mesoclimates, refining the operational rules for use of climatechange adaptation funds, institutional expansion of the (already tested) rapid appraisal methods that acknowledge multiple knowledge systems and perceptions, analysing the risks to local livelihoods in ecological and environmental economics frameworks posed by climate change and trade globalisation and new approaches to integrate the space-time dynamics of landscape functions in socio-ecological-political-economy systems.]]> Head Quarters English 0 2011. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 133 p. GRP 6 2636 JA 419 JA0419-11 Memahami konflik tenurial melalui pendekatan sejarah: Studi kasus di Lebak, Banten Gamma Galudra 2011 Jurnal Keadilan Alumni Hukum Universitas Indonesia 5 2 1-9 Konflik tenurial yang terjadi di berbagai daerah khususnya yang berkaitan dengan tanah dan hutan terjadi akibat adanya perubahan kebijakan pemerintah dari waktu ke waktu. Hal ini perlu menjadi perhatian kita bersama karena pada dasarnya masyarakat daerah memerlukan kepastian hukum tentang tanah dan hutan. Hal ini dikarenakan tanah dan harta kita adalah bagian dari hidup rakyat banyak di daerah Southeast Asia Indonesian Galudra G. 2011. Memahami konflik tenurial melalui pendekatan sejarah: Studi kasus di Lebak, Banten. Jurnal Keadilan. 5(2):P. 1-9. 2632 TD 166 TD0166-11 Fairly efficient and efficiently fair: success factors and constraints in payment and reward for environmental schemes in Asia Beria Leimona 2011 Wageningen University and Research Wageningen, the Netherlands 176 Research School for Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment PhD Payment for environmental service (PES) is strictly defined as a market-based environmental policy instrument to achieve environmental protection in the most efficient way. However, an increasing body of literature shows that the prescriptive conceptualization of PES cannot be easily generalized and implemented in practice and the commodification of ecosystem services is problematic. To investigate the underlying causes, this PhD study combines a quantitative and qualitative research approach using case studies in Indonesia, the Philippines and Nepal. The empirical observations on emerging PES-mechanisms in the Asian case studies show that interdependency of fairness and efficiency should be the main consideration in designing and implementing a PES scheme in developing countries. Neither fairness nor efficiency alone should be the primary aim but an intermediate PES that is ?fairly efficient and efficiently fair? may bridge the gap between PES theory and the practical implementation of PES to increase ES provision and improve livelihoods. Southeast Asia English Leimona B. 2011. Fairly efficient and efficiently fair: success factors and constraints in payment and reward for environmental schemes in Asia. Wageningen, the Netherlands. : Wageningen University and Research. 176 p. 2631 PB 32 PB0032-11 Meso Debate: Linking Macro Debate with Micro Debate to Develop REDD Martua T Sirait and Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 16 4 This brief describes the process in developing the agenda for regional strategy on climate change. The brief focuses on discussion on regional responsibilities and steps need to be taken in agriculture and forestry sectors to support national commitment to reduce emission by 26%. Although issues on REDD incentives and carbon markets are important, we do include it in this brief. Southeast Asia English Sirait MT and Agung P. 2011. Meso Debate: Linking Macro Debate with Micro Debate to Develop REDD. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 5, GRP 6, POLAN 2630 PB 31 PB0031-11 Towards recognition of ?Hutan Nagari? in ?Nagari Salingka Danau Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 15 4 Singkarak Lake is located in West Sumatra, Indonesia and Nagari Salingka Danau Singkarak refers to all the Nagari (equivalent to district) surrounding Singkarak Lake. The lake has many function and is has an important source of livelihood for the community in the area such as fish farming, agricultural activities and ecotourism that adhere to local culture and religion. Southeast Asia English Agung P. 2011. Towards recognition of ‘Hutan Nagari’ in ‘Nagari Salingka Danau. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6, POLAN 2629 PB 30 PB0030-11 Spatial planning and distribution of benefits of forest resources in Tanjung Jabung Barat: an opinion Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 14 4 Having a good Regional Spatial Land-use Planning (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah = RTRW) maybe the only opportunity to achieve low (carbon) emission development. Institutionally, as a formal ?rule of the game? in providing guidance to regional development, RTRW is very often weak and failed due to the processes involved in its birth. RTRW is not just a legal document to legalized utilization and allocation of natural resources. It depicts, more importantly, rights and access to different component of natural resources. This brief contains opinion of the writer to first identify and understand issues on distribution of natural resources benefits depicted in RTRW of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. Theory of Access was used as a framework to map out allocation and distribution of benefits of land and forest resource to achieve low-carbon-emission development. Southeast Asia English Agung P. 2011. Spatial planning and distribution of benefits of forest resources in Tanjung Jabung Barat: an opinion. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6, POLAN 2628 PB 29 PB0029-11 Co-existence of people and orangutan in Sumatra. Stabilising gradients for landscape multifunctionality Hesti L. Tata, Atiek Widayati, Elok Mulyoutami and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ASB Policy Brief no. 20 6 Multifunctional landscapes and species-rich agroforests can support biodiversity conservation. Command- and-control conservation approaches tend to create sharp distinctions between protected areas and surrounding agriculture. Can a village?agroforest?forest landscape gradient be stable? Or is it part of a continuous process of forest conversion that in the end will leave hardly any conservation values intact? The landscape of Batang Toru, Sumatra offers a case study. It is home to a genetically unique Sumatran orangutan population and to people of diverse backgrounds. It provides insight into the types of government policy and market-based instruments that are needed to stabilise the existing gradient. Southeast Asia English 0 Tata HL, Widayati A, Mulyoutami E and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Co-existence of people and orangutan in Sumatra. Stabilising gradients for landscape multifunctionality. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2627 JA 418 JA0418-11 Optimum pruning intensity for reducing crop suppression in a Gmelina?maize smallholder agroforestry system in Claveria, Philippines Manuel Bertomeu, James M Roshetko and Subekti Rahayu 2011 Agroforestry Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V 1-14 Gmelina (Gmelina arborea R.Br.) trees planted at 1 9 10 m with maize intercropped in the 10 m-wide alleys between lines of trees. Pruning levels consisted of retaining a live crown ratio of 60?70% (T1), 40?50% (T2); 30?40% (T3) and of 20?30% (T4). At the end of the experiment, the total maize grain yield was highest under the high pruning intensity (T4) (18.06 t ha-1) and lowest under T1 (14.48 t ha-1). Maize grain yield under the pruning regime T2 and T3 were 16.08 and 17.21 t ha-1, respectively. Mean annual increment (MAI) in tree diameter was greater (5.0 cm year-1) under T1 than those at T4 (4.1 cm year-1). Pruning regimes T2 and T3 resulted in a MAI of 4.7 and 4.5 cm year-1, respectively. Financial analysis showed that maize-tree systems under T4 were more profitable than under T1 as long as the reduction of the average dbh at harvest were not greater than 1 cm. Pruning trees intensively also generated greater returns from labour than moderate pruning, as the greater maize grain yields under T4 compensated for the cost of pruning and the lower timber yield. In the context of resource-poor farmers, intensive branch pruning was a practice that prolonged the period of profitable intercropping and was compatible with commercial timber production.]]> Gmelina arborea]]> DOI 10.1007/s10457-011-9435-y Southeast Asia English Gmelina–maize smallholder agroforestry system in Claveria, Philippines. Agroforestry Systems. : P. 1-14.]]> GRP 2, GRP 3, TAMMU 2626 MA 69 MA0069-11 Kunjungan Staf Ahli Menteri Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Ke Lokasi RUPES di Nagari Paninggahan, Sumatera Barat Juprial 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 15 Kepala Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Sumatera Barat, Ir. Hendri Octavia, MSi., mengemukakan apresiasinya, ?Kegiatan ini kalau bisa tidak hanya dilaksanakan di Singkarak dan Palupuh saja. Saya berharap ini juga bisa dilaksanakan di kabupaten lain di Sumatera Barat, dan saya siap mendukung penuh kegiatan ini. Kegiatan seperti ini merupakan aplikasi nyata yang selama ini saya inginkan?. Ibu Yetti juga meminta agar para petani dapat menjalankan kegiatan ini dengan serius, karena jika ini berhasil akan membawa dampak baik bagi kesejahteraan petani di masa depan dan juga bermanfaat langsung terhadap lingkungan. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2625 MA 68 MA0068-11 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah dan Distribusi Manfaat Sumberdaya Hutan Putra Agung 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 13-14 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) merupakan salah satu atau bahkan satu-satunya peluang untuk mencapai pembangunan rendah emisi. Sebagai suatu institusi (rule of game), RTRW tidak terlepas dari permasalahan mendasar yang melandasi proses pembentukannya. Hal inilah yang membuat RTRW sebagai suatu dokumen legal sering kali gagal menjadi acuan pembangunan daerah. RTRW tidak hanya sebatas ijin dan legalisasi pemanfaatan dan pembagian ruang atas sumberdaya alam (SDA) namun lebih dari itu karena pada setiap SDA melekat manfaat yang berbeda-beda. Tulisan ini merupakan opini penulis sebagai suatu identifikasi awal dalam memahami proses penyusunan atau revisi RTRW Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat (Tanjabar). Cara pandang Teori Akses digunakan untuk menguraikan alokasi dan distribusi manfaat sumberdaya hutan dan lahan untuk menuju pembangunan rendah emisi. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2624 MA 67 MA0067-11 Cerita sukses seorang guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Lubuk Beringin Ratna Akiefnawati 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 11-12 Cerita keberhasilan perjuangan H. Balkani tersebut disampaikan dalam acara Lokakarya Dinamika Perubahan dan Penggunaan Kawasan Kelola Rakyat yang diselenggarakan oleh ICRAF bekerjasama dengan KKI-WARSI dengan PT. BSRE, LEI, serta Bappeda Bungo. Pak Haji menyebutkan bahwa sejak Juni 2010 hingga Februari 2011, bokar yang telah dijual ke PT. BSRE mencapai 110 ton dengan keuntungan kotor sebesar Rp 2.150.084.938,-. Sebagian keuntungan disisihkannya untuk membeli 1 unit truk yang dapat mengangkut dan mengirim hasil olah karet ke lokasi pabrik PT. BSRE di Sumatera Utara. Perdagangan langsung dan pengiriman ke PT. BSRE pun semakin lancar setiap minggu. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2623 MA 66 MA0066-11 Creating Shared Value (CSV): konsep baru dalam dunia usaha Hesti L. Tata 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 9-10 Southeast Asia Indonesian 2622 MA 65 MA0065-11 Agroforestri Karet: Kawasan alternatif pelestarian jenis-jenis burung Asep Ayat 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 6-8 Di balik rimbunnya agroforestri karet, tidak hanya pemilik kebun saja yang dapat menikmati hasil getah karet, tetapi berbagai jenis burungpun memperoleh manfaat dari sistem ini. Tercatat sekitar 46 jenis burung ditemukan pada agroforest karet yang diamati di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2621 MA 64 MA0064-11 Mengembalikan Kejayaan Jelutung di Hutan Gambut Dri Handoyo 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Bogor, Indonesia 4 2 3-5 Kemana jelutung-jelutung tersebut menghilang? Jelutung, tanaman bergetah yang menjadi sumber bahan baku untuk permen karet, pernah menjadi hasil hutan non kayu yang cukup penting bagi sebagian masyarakat di Tanjung Jabung Barat. Tanaman ini pernah menjadi sumber penghidupan masyarakat pada sekitar tahun 1990, namun secara perlahan berangsur menghilang tak berjejak. Tulisan ini merupakan gambaran perjuangan Dinas Kehutanan Tanjung Jabung Barat dalam upaya mengembalikan lagi kejayaan jelutung. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2620 NL 48 NL0048-11 Kiprah Agroforestri 9 Dri Handoyo, Asep Ayat, Hesti L. Tata, Ratna Akiefnawati, Putra Agung and Juprial 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 4 2 1-16
Selanjutnya kita beranjak ke Simalungun, Sumatera Utara, daerah yang mulai terancam berkurang tutupan hutannya, juga kehidupan burung yang merupakan satwa yg terpengaruh oleh perubahan alam. Hilangnya pohon hutan dan tumbuhan semak membuat sulit burung-burung untuk bersarang dan berlindung. Burung-burung tersebut berjuang harus bertahan hidup dan berkembang biak, sehingga kita masih dapat menikmati suara dan keindahan bulunya.

Menciptakan manfaat bersama, tentunya hal ini yang diharapkan oleh semua umat manusia di dunia. Sebuah konsep dalam dunia usaha juga kami sajikan disini.

Masih tentang manfaat...., sumberdaya alam hutan mempunyai manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Namun bagaimana cara mendistribusikannya dengan baik di berbagai sektor pertanian, perkebunan dan kehutanan menuju rendah emisi? Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) merupakan peluang untuk mencapai pembangunan tersebut.

Sebuah kisah menarik lainnya datang dari Pak Haji Balkaini, seorang guru SDN Lubuk Beringin, yang menyimpan cita-cita tinggi untuk menyekolahkan anak-anaknya ke perguruan tinggi kelak. Ikuti kisah Pak Haji yang juga menjadi seorang penyadap karet yang sukses.

Sebagai penutup, kami menyuguhkan liputan khusus dari Nagari Paninggahan, Sumatera Barat. Kunjungan Staf Ahli Menteri Kehutanan ke Danau Singkarak, yang merupakan pilot model imbal jasa lingkungan berbasis karbon agar dapat diterapkan di lokasi lain di Indonesia. Sebuah kunci kesuksesan adalah menciptakan sebuah upaya bersama yang melibatkan masyarakat yang aktif dan berperan penting dalam pembangunan daerahnya.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Handoyo D, Ayat A, Tata HL, Akiefnawati R, Agung P and Juprial . 2011. Kiprah Agroforestri 9. In: Rahayu S, Tarigan J and Mulyoutami E,eds. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2619 TD 165 TD0165-11 Keanekaragaman jenis burung di habitat agroforestri dan hutan primer di dalam kawasan Sibulan-bulan, Batang Toru, Sumatera Utara Jihad 2009 Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jakarta, Indonesia 62 Program Studi Biologi S1 Transect) dan Daftar 20 Mackinnon. 146 jenis dengan total 1036 individu burung teramati, di habitat agroforestri sebanyak 76 jenis burung dan hutan primer sebanyak 127 jenis. Sebanyak 30 jenis burung yang teramati pada kedua habitat merupakan jenis burung yang terancam punah secara global. Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada agroforestri sebesar 4.04 dan pada hutan primer sebesar 4.60. dengan kesamaan sebesar 0.56. Hal ini disebabkan karena ekosistem hutan primer yang lebih kompleks, dengan sumber pakan yang beragam, keragaman vegetasi yang tinggi, stratifikasi vegetasi yang lebih beragam serta mikrohabitat yang lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan agroforestri. Kesamaan jenis burung pada habitat agroforestri dan hutan disebabkan karena perkembangan agroforestri yang semakin mirip dengan hutan sekunder dan banyak jenis vegetasi pada agroforestri yang mirip dengan hutan primer. Hasil di atas menunjukkan keanekaragaman jenis burung pada agroforestri dan hutan primer cukup tinggi, dengan keanekaragaman jenis burung pada hutan primer lebih tinggi dibandingkan habitat agroforestri, sehingga diperlukan usaha dari masyarakat sekitar dan pihak terkait untuk dapat menjaga habitat agroforestri dan hutan primer.]]> Agroforestri, hutan primer, keanekaragaman jenis burung, Sibulan-bulan Southeast Asia Indonesian Jihad. 2009. Keanekaragaman jenis burung di habitat agroforestri dan hutan primer di dalam kawasan Sibulan-bulan, Batang Toru, Sumatera Utara. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 62 p. GRP 6, TULSEA 2618 TD 164 TD0164-11 Nilai insentif karbon hutan rakyat kemenyan berbasis voluntary carbon market di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Bambang Setyo Antoko 2011 Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 99 Program Studi Ilmu Pengelolaan Hutan S3 purposive) berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan pada model agroforestri yang dilaksanakan dan dikembangkan oleh petani HRK di Kab. Taput. Jumlah plot pengukuran karbon yang diambil secara keseluruhan adalah 30 plot. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengumpulan data sosial ekonomi melalui panduan kuesioner yaitu sebanyak 40 orang responden yang dilakukan secara disengaja (purposive) dimana responden merupakan petani kemenyan pada kedua model agroforestri tersebut. Tahapan penilaian kelayakan ekonomi dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai kelayakan hutan rakyat tanpa dan dengan mekanisme karbon. Beberapa parameter yang digunakan dalam hal ini adalah Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR).]]> Voluntary Carbon Market, agroforestri]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian voluntary carbon market di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. 99 p.]]> GRP 6, TULSEA 2617 WP 153 WP0153-11 Performance of Three Rambutan Varieties (Nephelium lappaceum L.) on Various Nursery Media Khalilal Mitras, James M Roshetko, Sabaruddin and Nurhayati 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper no 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP11232.PDF 10 Nephelium lappaceum L.) was evaluated on three different nursery media at the agricultural experimental station of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh. The seed of rambutan varieties glu, nona and binjai were collected from a community plantation in Padang Tiji district. The nursery medium tested included a farmer-made compost and two researcher-made composts. The experimental design used was a factorial Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) 3 varieties x 3 nursery media, replicated three times. The growth parameters measured were seedling height (cm), stem diameter (mm), leaf area (cm2), fresh weight of seedlings (g), dried weight of seedlings (g), root length (cm), root number, and root weight (g). Measurements were madeat 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting. Analysis of variance and honestly significant difference tests were used to analyze the growth data. Results show that variety glu had greater diameter growth and dry weight than other varieties; supporting local beliefs and practice that variety glu is a better rootstock. Additionally, the farmer compost promoted significantly better root growth compared to the other composts.]]> vegetative propagation, farmer propagation practices, rootstock quality, post-disaster and post-conflict land rehabilitation Southeast Asia English Nephelium lappaceum L.) on Various Nursery Media. ICRAF Working Paper no 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP11232.PDFBogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 10 p.]]> GRP 1, TAMMU 2616 TD 163 TD0163-11 Kajian cadangan karbon pada lahan gambut tropika yang didrainase untuk tanaman tahunan Maswar 2010 Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 165 Program Studi Ilmu Tanah S3 Ekosistem gambut berperan sangat penting dalam skala global, baik dari aspek ekologis, sosial maupun perekonomian masyarakat. Disisi lain, ekosistem gambut adalah unik, rapuh dan memiliki sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui. Proses pembentukannya memerlukan waktu ribuan tahun, dan bila terjadi kerusakan, sangat sulit untuk diperbaiki atau bahkan mungkin tidak bisa pulih sama sekali. Luas lahan gambut dunia sekitar 3% dari luas permukaan bumi yakni sekitar 400 juta hektar, namun menyimpan karbon sangat besar yang diperkirakan sebanyak 550 Giga ton, atau setara dengan 75% dari seluruh karbon di atmosfer. Khusus untuk Indonesia yang mewakili daerah gambut tropika, memiliki luas lahan gambut sekitar 265.500 km2, menyimpan cadangan karbon sekitar 54.016 Mega ton. Mengingat cadangan karbon yang besar pada lahan gambut sedangkan ekosistemnya sangat rapuh, maka apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik akan menyebabkan kehilangan karbon yang banyak, terutama dalam bentuk gas metan (CH4) dan karbon dioksida (CO2) ke atmosfer, sehingga akan semakin meningkatkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Tanaman tahunan, konservasi, cadangan C, kehilangan C, drainase, gambut Southeast Asia Indonesian Maswar M. 2010. Kajian cadangan karbon pada lahan gambut tropika yang didrainase untuk tanaman tahunan. Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. 165 p. 2615 RP 276 RP0276-11 Climate in Asia and the Pacific: A Synthesis of APN Activities Michael J Manton, Lance Heath, James Salinger and Linda Anne Stevenson 2011 Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) Japan 78 The adverse effects of climate change and natural climate variability pose a significant threat to humanity, with the poorest communities being the most vulnerable. Scientific understanding of our climate is advancing at a significant rate, with new information emerging about the likely impacts of climate change, the options to adapt to these changes, and new approaches to mitigation. Rodel lasco is one of contributor author Philippines English 0 Climate in Asia and the Pacific: A Synthesis of APN Activities. Japan. : Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN). 2011. 78 p. GRP 5 2614 RP 275 RP0275-11 Orangutan dan Ekonomi Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari di Sumatera Serge Wich 2011 UNEP/GRASP/PanEco/YEL/ICRAF/GRID-Arendal Norway 83 Studi ini mengeksplorasi peluang pada jalur yang lebih lestari untuk pembangunan dan mengupayakan rekonsiliasi antara hutan dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dengan kemajuan ekonomi. Fokusnya pada dua lokasi percobaan di Pulau Sumatera, yaitu rawa Tripa dan hutan pegunungan Batang Toru, keduanya merupakan tempat populasi orangutan yang signifikan. Penilaian itu menghitung perbandingan nilai ekonomi antara bentuk tata guna lahan yang tidak lestari dan tataguna lahan yang lestari, serta melihat peran pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi (REDD) dan skema pembayaran jasa ekosistem (PES) yang lebih luas dalam mencapai tujuan konservasi dan pembangunan secara seimbang. Southeast Asia Indonesian Orangutan dan Ekonomi Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari di Sumatera. Norway. : UNEP/GRASP/PanEco/YEL/ICRAF/GRID-Arendal. 2011. 83 p. 2613 RP 274 RP0274-11 Orangutans and the Economics of Sustainable Forest Management in Sumatra Serge Wich 2011 UNEP/GRASP/PanEco/YEL/ICRAF/GRID-Arendal Norway 83 This study explores opportunities for a more sustainable pathway to development and looks for reconciliation between forest and biodiversity conservation and economic progress. It focuses on two pilot sites on the island of Sumatra, namely Tripa swamp and the mountain forests of Batang Toru, both hosting significant orangutan populations. The assessment quantifies the economic trade-offs between unsustainable and sustainable forms of land use, and considers the role of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) and broader Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes in achieving balanced conservation and development objectives. Southeast Asia English Orangutans and the Economics of Sustainable Forest Management in Sumatra. : UNEP/GRASP/PanEco/YEL/ICRAF/GRID-Arendal. 2011. 83 p. 2612 JA 417 JA0417-11 Social Role-Play Games Vs Individual Perceptions of Conservation and PES Agreements for Maintaining Rubber Agroforests in Jambi (Sumatra), Indonesia Grace B.Villamor and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 16 3 1-20 Financial incentives can both support and undermine social norms compatible with environmental service enhancement. External co-investment?e.g., through incentives from programs to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) and eco-certification?needs to synergize with local efforts by understanding local dynamics and conditions for free and prior informed consent. We assessed the perceptions and behavior of rubber agroforest farmers under existing conservation agreements as a step toward institutionalized reward schemes for agro-biodiversity using questionnaires and roleplaying games (RPG). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply such a combination of methods to explore the perceptions of payments for environmental services (PES). Results revealed a strong conservation belief system and social norms in the research site, with indications that individual interest in converting old rubber agroforest to oil palm, with consequent private gain and loss of local social agrobiodiversity benefits, is suppressed in the social context of a role-playing game. In the game, all financial bids by external agents to secure an oil palm foothold in the village, were rejected despite indications of declining income in the village. Agents promoting an eco-certification scheme in the RPG had success and the responses obtained in the game can assist in the actual rollout of such a scheme without creating unrealistic expectations of its financial benefits. Co-investment schemes that require higher levels of trust and clarity of performance measures will have to address the potential discrepancy between individual preferences and community-level planning and decisions, while recognizing that social norms color the responses of individuals when presented with alternatives. conservation agreements; payments/rewards for agro-biodiversity conservation; role playing game; rubber agroforest http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-04339-160327 Southeast Asia English 0 Villamor GB and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Social Role-Play Games Vs Individual Perceptions of Conservation and PES Agreements for Maintaining Rubber Agroforests in Jambi (Sumatra), Indonesia. Ecology and Society. 16(3):P. 1-20. GRP 6, RUPES 2611 PB 28 PB0028-11 Linking scientific knowledge with policy action in Natural Resource Management Meine van Noordwijk, Delia Catacutan and William C. Clark 2011 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya ASB Policy Brief 19 4 For more than a decade, the ASB Partnership has tried various approaches in the tropical forest margins. A recent effort to take stock, reflect on what has worked well, and identify the main challenges enabled scientists to distinguish three types of knowledge that reside with the three main actors: 1. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) resides among local people and is embedded in local ?context?; 2. Public space/policy ecological knowledge (PEK) is concerned with immediate ?impact?; and 3. Scientific, researchers or modellers? ecological knowledge, (SEK/MEK) is seeking generic ?mechanisms?. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Catacutan D and Clark WC. 2011. Linking scientific knowledge with policy action in Natural Resource Management. Nairobi, Kenya. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 4 p. GRP 2, GRP 6, ASB 2610 BC 317 BC0317-11 Linking climate change risks and rights of upland peoples in the Mekong Xu Jianchu and Rajesh Daniel Kate Lazarus, Nathan Badenoch, Nga Dao and Bernadette P. Resurreccion 2011 Water Rights and Social Justice in the Mekong Region Earthscan London, UK 217-244 China English Xu Jianchu and Daniel R. 2011. Linking climate change risks and rights of upland peoples in the Mekong. In: Lazarus K, Badenoch N, Dao N and Resurreccion BP,eds. Water Rights and Social Justice in the Mekong Region. London, UK. : Earthscan. P. 217-244. 2609 BC 316 BC0316-11 Climate change in the Asian highlands: Socio-economic implications for the Mekong Region Xu Jianchu Kate Lazarus, Nathan Badenoch, Nga Dao and Bernadette P. Resurreccion 2011 Water Rights and Social Justice in the Mekong Region Earthscan London, UK 197-216 China English Xu Jianchu. 2011. Climate change in the Asian highlands: Socio-economic implications for the Mekong Region. In: Lazarus K, Badenoch N, Dao N and Resurreccion BP,eds. Water Rights and Social Justice in the Mekong Region. London, UK. : Earthscan. P. 197-216. 2608 JA 416 JA0416-11 Arbuscular mycorrhiza maintains nodule function during external NH 4+ supply in Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) Peter E. Mortimer, Maria A. Pérez-Fernández and Alex J. Valentine 2011 Mycorrhiza Springer-Verlag The synergistic benefits of the dual inoculation of legumes with nodule bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are well established, but the effect of an external NH4+ supply on this tripartite relationship is less clear. This effect of NH4+ supply was investigated with regards to the growth and function of the legume host and both symbionts. Nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings with and without AM, were grown in a sand medium with either 0 N, 1 mM or 3 mM NH4+. Plants were harvested at 30 days after emergence and measurements were taken for biomass, N2 fixation, photosynthesis, asparagine concentration, construction costs and N nutrition. The addition of NH4+ led to a decline in the percentage AM colonization and nodule dry weights, although AM colonization was affected to a lesser extent. NH4+ supply also resulted in a decrease in the reliance on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF); however, the AM roots maintained higher levels of NH4+ uptake than their non-AM counterparts. Furthermore, the non-AM plants had a higher production of asparagine than the AM plants. The inhibitory effects of NH4+ on nodule function can be reduced by the presence of AM at moderate levels of NH4+ (1 mM), via improving nodule growth or relieving the asparagine-induced inhibition of BNF. Arbuscular mycorrhiza – NH4+ – Nitrogen fixation – Photosynthesis – Asparagines China English Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Mycorrhiza. : P. .]]> 2607 JA 415 JA0415-11 National parks in China: Experiments with protecting nature and human livelihoods in Yunnan province, Peoples? Republic of China (PRC) Zhou DQ and R. Edward Grumbine 2011 Biological Conservation Elsevier Ltd 144 5 1314-1321 Beginning in 1956, China has built a large protected areas system, but has struggled to implement effective management. There remain ongoing problems with administrative authority, unclear regulations, inadequate funding, inappropriate development within protected areas, a dearth of professional capacity, and more. To address these concerns, since 2001, international nongovernment organizations led by The Nature Conservancy have encouraged various levels of government in China to experiment with an international model of national parks. The government in Yunnan province, the center of China?s biological and cultural diversity, has acted to create a national park experimental system with new administrative bureaus, comprehensive regulations, park master plans, and several national park pilots. We review two of these pilots, Pudacuo National Park and Laojun Mountain National Park, to evaluate whether this park model, as it is being applied in Yunnan, offers an improvement to existing nature reserve regulations and implementation. Though the experiment is in its early stages, issues remain around regulatory authority, community participation, park funding and staff capacity. China; Laojun Mountain; National parks; Nature reserves; Protected areas; Pudacuo National Park; Yunnan China English Zhou D and Grumbine RE. 2011. National parks in China: Experiments with protecting nature and human livelihoods in Yunnan province, Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC). Biological Conservation. 144(5):P. 1314-1321. 2606 JA 414 JA0414-11 The influence of seed and oil storage on the acid levels of rubber seed oil, derived from Hevea brasiliensis grown in Xishuangbanna, China Yixin Zhu, Xu Jianchu and Peter E. Mortimer 2011 Energy Elsevier Ltd 36 8 5403-5408 High acid levels, characteristic of rubber seed oil (RSO), limit RSO use in biodiesel production. The aims of this study were to determine the causes of these high acid levels by investigating what affects the storage of rubber seeds and RSO had on the acid levels. Two storage conditions/methods were evaluated, one representing a proposed storage method (SM 1), the other mimicking storage conditions characteristic to the Xishuangbanna region (SM 2). Furthermore, RSO storage was evaluated by testing RSO acid levels over a 2-month period, under standard storage conditions. Seeds from SM 2 displayed increased seed pile temperatures, higher levels of Mildew infection, lower seed oil content and higher acid levels. Low seed oil content and high acid values of SM 2 were resultant of the high Mildew infection and increased seed pile temperatures. In addition, a critical value of 90% relative humidity of seed piles was identified, above which Mildew infection increased sharply. Storage of crude RSO resulted in increased acid values. This data shows that in order to reduce high acid values, seed pile temperature, humidity and Mildew infections need to be kept to a minimum, as well as the storage time of the seeds and the RSO. Hevea brasiliensis, Rubber seed oil, Oil acid levels, Storage, Mildew, Biodiesel doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.054 China IN PRESS English Hevea brasiliensis grown in Xishuangbanna, China. Energy. 36(8):P. 5403-5408.]]> 2605 JA 413 JA0413-11 Mekong Hydropower Development R. Edward Grumbine and Xu Jianchu 2011 Science Science 332 6026 178-179 The Mekong River is one of the world's last large rivers remaining mostly undammed. But China is constructing a series of eight hydropower projects on the upper Mekong. Although there are currently no dams across the mainstream channel (not including the tributaries) in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), nevertheless, in September 2010, the Lao People's Democratic Republic petitioned the Mekong River Commission (MRC) to begin the formal process of approving the first of 11 proposed dams across the lower Mekong (see the figure) (1). Although such a cascade would provide substantial power, it would likely reduce biodiversity and ecosystem service values of the LMB, while undercutting the livelihood and food security of millions of people. Decisions on this initial proposal expected over the coming months by the MRC countries may contribute to promoting high-impact hydropower development or to a movement toward integrated, transboundary river-basin management that could serve as a model for other rivers. DOI: 10.1126/science.1200990 China English Grumbine RE and Xu Jianchu . 2011. Mekong Hydropower Development. Science. 332(6026):P. 178-179. 2604 JA 412 JA0412-11 Management and land use change effects on soil carbon in northern China's grasslands: a synthesis Shiping Wang, Andreas Wilkes, Zhicai Zhang, Xiaofeng Chang, Rong Lang, Yanfen Wang and Haishan Niu 2011 Elsevier B.V. 1-12 Grasslands cover about 40% of China?s land area. This paper synthesizes 133 papers from China on the impacts of land use conversion and improved management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) in China?s grasslands. The synthesis finds that overgrazing and conversion of freely grazed grassland to cropland lead to an annual average decline of 2.3?2.8% in SOC, and have caused a loss of 30?35% of total grassland SOC in China. Improved management practices may reverse the loss of SOC. Exclosure of degraded grassland from grazing and conversion of cropland to abandoned fields (i.e. natural restoration) increased carbon content by 34% and 62% on average. Carbon sequestration rates were greatest during the first 30 yr after treatments began and tended to be greatest in the top 10 cm of soil. Carbon sequestration potential was negatively related to initial carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soils. Exclosure from grazing and the conversion of cropland to abandoned fields resulted in average carbon sequestration rates of 130.4 g C m-2 yr-1 for 0?40 cm soil and 128.0 g C m-2 yr-1 for 0?30 cm soil, representing annual average increases of 5.4?6.3%. Based on our results, achievement of the national objective to exclude grazing livestock from 150 million ha of China?s grasslands and to establish 30 million ha of cultivated pasture by 2020 would sequester over 0.24 Pg C yr-1, which is equivalent to about 16% of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in China in 2006. Carbon sequestration, Grasslands, Land use change, Grazing, Cultivation, Pasture China IN PRESS English 2603 JA 411 JA0411-11 Integrative Management of Commercialized Wild Mushroom: A Case Study of Thelephora ganbajun in Yunnan, Southwest China Jun He, Zhimei Zhou, Huixian Yang and Xu Jianchu 2011 Environmental Management Springer Science+Business Media B.V 48 1 98-108 Thelephora ganbajun, an endemic and one of the most economically valuable mushroom species in Southwest China. The paper documents an empirical case of how an interdisciplinary approach facilitated the development of a scientific basis for policy and management practice, and built the local capacity to create, adopt and sustain the new rules and techniques of mushroom management. With this integrative perspective, a sustainable management strategy was developed, which was found not only technically feasible for farmers, but also acceptable to the government from an ecological and policy-related perspective. More importantly, this approach has greatly contributed to raising the income of farmers. The paper highlights how the integration of biophysical and socioeconomic factors and different knowledge systems provided a holistic perspective to problem diagnosis and resolution, which helped to cope with conventional scientific dilemmas. Finally, it concludes that the success of this interdisciplinary approach is significant in the context of policy decentralization and reform for incorporating indigenous knowledge and local participation in forest management.]]> Non-timber forest products (NTFPs), Fungi, Interdisciplinary research, Community-based natural resource management, Indigenous knowledge, Participatory action research China English Thelephora ganbajun in Yunnan, Southwest China. Environmental Management. 48(1):P. 98-108.]]> 2602 JA 410 JA0410-11 Creating a ?Conservation with Chinese Characteristics? R. Edward Grumbine and Xu Jianchu 2011 Biological Conservation Elsevier Ltd 144 5 1347-1355 As China becomes increasingly influential in international affairs, it is important to understand the unique characteristics of Chinese environmental values and policy processes. This is especially true given the rate and scale of China?s environmental impacts on natural ecosystems from local to international levels. Currently, however, Chinese conservation values, policies and practices are not well-integrated. We identify four systemic barriers to conservation in China that contribute to this poor integration: weak rule of law; unclear land tenure; top down government authority; and disconnects between scientific research and management implementation. To advance China toward an environmentally secure future, we suggest that combining traditional Chinese environmental values with contemporary science and international conservation practices will help to create a ?Conservation with Chinese Characteristics?. We do not believe that traditional values should replace modern science and management. Rather, we suggest that, given the cultural and political conditions in China today, using traditional values to frame contemporary environmental science and ecosystem-based management may create stronger societal support for conservation implementation. China; Conservation planning; Ecosystem-based management; Environmental education; Science and values doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.006 China English Grumbine RE and Xu Jianchu . 2011. Creating a ‘Conservation with Chinese Characteristics’. Biological Conservation. 144(5):P. 1347-1355. 2601 LN 41 LN0041-11 Tools for use in Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) and Payment for Environmental Services in Vietnam (TULViet) 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Vietnam 1 89 Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) aims to identify land-use practices that increase production while maintaining natural capital and continuing to provide ecosystem services at local and global scales (Izac and Sanchez 2001). The overall objective of INRM research and development activities is to help managers at various levels do a better job of managing natural resources. Natural resource management problems that relate local stakeholder decisions are usually different at different scales. The challenge is how should the opportunities for adaptive response among diverse interest groups, at a number of hierarchical levels, be included in the assessment of impacts on the livelihoods of rural people. Vietnam English 2011. : Tools for use in Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) and Payment for Environmental Services in Vietnam (TULViet). 1Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 89 p. GRP 6 2600 MA 63 MA0063-11 REDD+ di Berau: Melacak emisi menimbang implikasi Arif Rahmanulloh and Muhammad Sofiyuddin 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 8 4 1 14-15 Reduction Emision from Deforestration and Degradation (REDD).]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 2599 MA 62 MA0062-11 Menanam pohon di luar kawasan hutan: Dapatkah menjawab isu perubahan iklim? Geoffrey Kamadi 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 8 4 1 12-13
Mengurangi kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan penebangan pohon baik oleh pemerintah maupun masyarakat dianggap sebagai cara terbaik untuk mengimbangi dampak perubahan iklim. Meningkatkan luas tutupan hutan dan mengurangi penebangan hutan saat ini merupakan tujuan yang sudah disepakati dalam upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim.]]> Head Quarters Indonesian 2598 MA 61 MA0061-11 Memanen gula kelapa di lahan agroforestri Kurniatun Hairiah 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 8 4 1 10-11 Guna mendapatkan nira, pria penyadap harus memotong ujung tongkol bunga kelapa (manggar) dan pada ujungnya diletakkan sebuah wadah penampung (biasanya digunakan jirigen plastik) dan dibiarkan selama 12 jam baru kemudian dikumpulkan. Setiap harinya rata-rata terkumpul 25-30 liter nira yang diperoleh dari 20 pohon kelapa. Proses pemasakan atau pengentalan nira menjadi gula kelapa dilakukan oleh para wanita. Untuk memproduksi gula kelapa, pengrajin membutuhkan kayu bakar berkisar antara 0.5 - 1 m /hari. Jumlah kayu yang dibutuhkan bervariasi tergantung dari hasil sadapan nira dan musim. Pada musim penghujan, produksi nira relatif lebih banyak dari pada di musim kemarau, sehingga jumlah kayu bakar yang dibutuhkan juga akan meningkat. Jumlah kayu bakar yang dibutuhkan di musim penghujan rata-rata 1 m untuk 85 liter nira kelapa, dan di musim kemarau ratarata sekitar 0.8 m untuk 67 liter (Tumisem dan Suwarno, 2008). Southeast Asia Indonesian 2597 MA 60 MA0060-11 Membangun perencanaan wilayah partisipatif di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Feri Johana, Andree Ekadinata and Sonya Dewi 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 8 4 1 5-6 Perencanaan wilayah merupakan sebuah upaya untuk mengatur pemanfaatan ruang dalam suatu wilayah berkaitan dengan akitivitas masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan ruang tersebut. Tanpa ada perencanaan yang melibatkan masyarakat hanya akan menempatkan masyarakat sebagai penonton dan tidak dapat menentukan masa depan atas pengelolaan wilayahnya sendiri. Masyarakat akan mengalami kesulitan untuk mengadaptasi terhadap kenyataan ruang yang tidak sesuai dengan keinginannya bahkan sangat mungkin akan menentang terhadap tata ruang yang sudah dibuat. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2596 MA 59 MA0059-11 Membangun Kebun Bibit Unggul: Sarana untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat Anang Setiawan and Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi 2011 Kiprah Agroforestri 8 4 1 3-4 kebun dumpeu na? yang artinya adalah 'kebun serba ada'. ? Kebun dumpeu na? yang dalam istilah asing dikenal sebagai agroforest memegang peranan penting bagi penghidupan masyarakat, karena sebagian besar sumber mata pencaharian masyarakat Aceh terutama di pedesaan berasal dari hasil kebun agroforest.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 2595 JA 408 JA0408-11 Understanding and Integrating Local Perceptions of Trees and Forests into Incentives for Sustainable Landscape Management Jean-Laurent Pfund, John Daniel Watts, Manuel Boissie`re, Amandine Boucard, Renee Marie Bullock, Andree Ekadinata, Sonya Dewi, Laure`ne Feintrenie, Patrice Levang, Salla Rantala, Douglas Sheil, Terence Clarence Heethom Sunderland and Zora Lea Urech 2011 Environmental Management Environmental Management 48 334–349 We examine five forested landscapes in Africa (Cameroon, Madagascar, and Tanzania) and Asia (Indonesia and Laos) at different stages of landscape change. In all five areas, forest cover (outside of protected areas) continues to decrease despite local people?s recognition of the importance of forest products and services. After forest conversion, agroforestry systems and fallows provide multiple functions and valued products, and retain significant biodiversity. But there are indications that such land use is transitory, with gradual simplification and loss of complex agroforests and fallows as land use becomes increasingly individualistic and profit driven. In Indonesia and Tanzania, farmers favor monocultures (rubber and oil palm, and sugarcane, respectively) for their high financial returns, with these systems replacing existing complex agroforests. In the study sites in Madagascar and Laos, investments in agroforests and new crops remain rare, despite government attempts to eradicate swidden systems and their multifunctional fallows. We discuss approaches to assessing local values related to landscape cover and associated goods and services. We highlight discrepancies between individual and collective responses in characterizing land use tendencies, and discuss the effects of accessibility on land management. We conclude that a combination of social, economic, and spatially explicit assessment methods is necessary to inform land use planning. Furthermore, any efforts to modify current trends will require clear incentives, such as through carbon finance. We speculate on the nature of such incentive schemes and the possibility of rewarding the provision of ecosystem services at a landscape scale and in a socially equitable manner. Landscape management, Local perceptions, Biodiversity conservation, Agroforestry Southeast Asia English Pfund J, Watts JD, Boissie`re M, Boucard A, Bullock RM, Ekadinata A, Dewi S, Feintrenie L, Levang P, Rantala S, Sheil D, Sunderland TC and Urech ZL. 2011. Understanding and Integrating Local Perceptions of Trees and Forests into Incentives for Sustainable Landscape Management. Environmental Management. 48: P. 334–349. 2594 JA 407 JA0407-11 Rubber agroforests in a changing landscape: analysis of land use/cover trajectories in Bungo district, Indonesia Andree Ekadinata and Gregoire Vincent 2011 Forests, Trees and Livelihoods A B Academic Publishers 20 3–14
We studied land cover change in the Bungo district, in Jambi, Sumatra (Indonesia), a 4,550 km2 area. Large forest tracks have been cleared since the early seventies and replaced by rubber plantations, oil palm plantations and other agricultural land-uses. Landsat images taken between 1973 and 2005 were used to quantify the trends of land cover changes in the area. During that period forest cover fell from more than 75% to 30%. Simultaneously monoculture plantations increased from 3% to over 40%, while rubber agroforests, decreased from 15% to 11%. Strikingly most of the rubber agroforests present in 2005 where absent in1973 while most of the rubber agroforests present in 1973 had been replaced by more intensive agricultural systems by 2005.

Rubber agroforests are now the ultimate reservoir of the original lowland forest biodiversity since natural forest has almost completely disappeared from the peneplain. They are however under growing pressure themselves and have incurred an accelerated conversion rate to more intensive agricultural systems in the period 2002?2005.]]> land cover change, drivers of deforestation, rubber agroforests, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A and Vincent G. 2011. Rubber agroforests in a changing landscape: analysis of land use/cover trajectories in Bungo district, Indonesia. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 20: P. 3–14. 2593 MN 49 MN0049-11 Pengukuran cadangan karbon dari tingkat lahan ke bentang lahan. Edisi ke 2 Kurniatun Hairiah, Andree Ekadinata, Rika Ratna Sari and Subekti Rahayu 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 90 978-979-3198-53-8 Alternatives to Slash and Burn). Sedangkan pada buku edisi kedua ini berisi pengukuran cadangan karbon menggunakan metoda RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal) yang mencakup cara untuk mengekstrapolasi cadangan karbon dari tingkat lahan ke tingkat bentang lahan. RaCSA telah diuji pada berbagai jenis penggunaan lahan di berbagai daerah dengan kondisi iklim yang berbeda melalui kegiatan TUL-SEA (Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia) dan ALLREDDI (The Accountability and Local Level Initiative to Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Degradation in Indonesia) yang dikoordinir oleh World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF Southeast Asia).

Buku RaCSA ini disusun khusus untuk pengukuran cadangan karbon pada tanah mineral (tanah kering), sedang untuk pengukuran cadangan karbon pada tanah gambut dapat dilihat pada seri berikutnya.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Hairiah K, Ekadinata A, Sari RR and Rahayu S. 2011. Pengukuran cadangan karbon dari tingkat lahan ke bentang lahan. Edisi ke 2. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 90 p. 2592 JA 406 JA0406-11 Users? perspectives on validity of a simulation model for natural resource management Betha Lusiana, Meine van Noordwijk, Desi Suyamto, Rachmat Mulia, Laxman Joshi and Georg Cadisch 2011 International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 9 2 364-378 Managers of agro-ecosystems trade off food production and livelihood strategies against environmental services. They need tools to prospect a wide range of external conditions. Integrated simulation models allow stakeholders to discuss the plausible behaviour of agro-ecosystems and to evaluate dynamic trade-offs, as a basis for planning and policy making in agriculture and natural resource management. However, simulation models need to gain stakeholders? acceptance before they will be utilized. Gaining stakeholders? acceptance likely requires salience, credibility and legitimacy. We surveyed the perceptions and expectations of 122 potential model users in four countries, prioritizing these model attributes. A possible shift in user perception was assessed during a participatory model evaluation of a resource management model (FALLOW) for post-tsunami development in West Aceh (Indonesia). Potential model users, comprising natural resource managers, policy makers, lecturers and scientists, ranked salience as the most important characteristic for an integrated simulation model, followed by credibility and legitimacy. Model users? occupation, prior exposure and interest in using a simulation model did not have a statistically significant influence on users? perceptions of model attributes. land-use change model; model users; model validation; participatory approach; salience–credibility–legitimacy Southeast Asia English Lusiana B, van Noordwijk M, Suyamto D, Mulia R, Joshi L and Cadisch G. 2011. Users’ perspectives on validity of a simulation model for natural resource management. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 9(2):P. 364-378. 2591 WP 152 WP0152-11 Implementasi Kaji Cepat Hidrologi (RHA) di Hulu DAS Brantas, Jawa Timur Widianto, Didik Suprayogo, Sudarto and Iva Dewi Lestariningsih 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper nr.121. DOI: 10.5716/WP10338.PDF 133
The Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) implementation at the Sumber Brantas Watershed aimed to test the methodology, which is claimed to be rapid and cheap, and to validate the GenRiver Model ? an important component of the methodology, to learn the stakeholders? perceptions on the watershed management and to build an understanding among stakeholders in order to select the best watershed management practices.

RHA itself is claimed as a rapid and cheap methodology that is important in the early steps of an environmental service activity. The method consists of three stages i.e. scooping, awareness and identifying partners. Scooping and identifying partners were reflected from information and data collection about study site, hydrological issues, and stakeholders who involved in the watershed management.

Watershed stakeholders consisted of three groups i.e. local community, policy makers and researchers or facilitators. Knowledge, perception and experiences from each group of stakeholders used to be called as LEK (Local Ecological Knowledge), PEK (Policy Ecological Knowledge), and MEK (Modeler Ecological Knowledge). Meanwhile, the data collection including spatial data, participatory landscape analysis, local and political knowledge assessment about watershed ecology, data analysis related on hydrological condition, and the stakeholders meeting constituted as a package of community awareness about watershed management at the study site.

In general, the perceptions on watershed hydrology among the three groups of stakeholders in Sumber Brantas Watershed (i.e. PEK, MEK and LEK) tend to be similar. The important hydrological issues in the Sumber Brantas Watershed are about flash-floods and drought, decrease of the number of springs in the watershed as well as their discharge, the decrease of water quality, and the more intensive soil loss due to erosion and landslide.

The three groups of stakeholders agreed that the discharge of main river (Upper Brantas River) depends on seasonal rainfall variability. During rainy seasons, the river discharge tends to be very high, while in dry seasons it dries up. The discharge ratio between rainy and dry season is high and tends to increase annually. The fluctuations of river discharge and the floods frequency is related to the percentage of forest area in the upstream. The above perception is supported by modelers (MEK) as indicated by the calculated discharge through simulation model under various scenarios of land cover areas. The amplitude of maximum and minimum discharges is affected by percentage of forest area in the watershed. Reduction of forest area in the watershed will increase the amplitude of maximum and minimum discharge. The simulation also shows extremely high discharges or flooding following heavy rainfall events.

LEK and PEK groups stated that the decreasing of the number of springs as well as the discharge of the springs in the watershed was affected by deforestation. The deforestation will reduce the recharge area, so that the absence of forest will affect the discharge of the springs nearby. However, the MEK group mentioned that the most relevant recharge area of a spring is not necessarily adjacent to the spring, dependent to geologic and topographic conditions of the area. The three groups perceived that the decrease of the water quality in the watershed is mainly due to sedimentation and water pollution. Sediment in the river is mostly coming from erosion of agricultural and landslides on road-cuts, river-banks and steep lands. Pollutants in the main Brantas River is usually coming from the waste of human activity along the river, such as intensive agriculture, agriculture-based industry, and tourism activities. The agriculture-based industry along the Sumber Brantas watershed that produced pollutants are mushroom and flowers growers, intensive small-scale horticulture practices (fruits, vegetables, and flowers), and small-scale food and beverage industries. Meanwhile, the tourism activity includes hotel and restaurant business. The LEK group believed that the soil material transported into the river is mostly coming from the forest-production area that has been converted into agriculture lands by local farmers (known as pesanggem). Usually, they grow rain fed vegetables such as carrot, potato, cabbage in the steep slopes without proper management. The group also thought that the conversion of forest into agriculture land will trigger landslide evidence on the steep slopes. They were quite sure that the absence of tree vegetation on the steep lands was the major cause of landslides and flooding. Actually, the perception of the PEK and MEK group on the erosion and landslide issues are not quite different from LEK group. However, they emphasized that slope is more prominent factor triggering landslides than the absence of trees.

Comparing the simulated discharge using the GenRiver model to the actual field measurement shows a poor relation. The measured discharge data collected by PJT 1 (Perum Jasa Tirta I) seems to have unexpected trends that cannot be explained well by the available supporting data such as rainfall data. However, the simulated discharge upon some landuse scenarios indicates some acceptable preferences compared to the actual field condition.

In conclusion, the similarity of perception among stakeholders in the watershed will give chance to find the best management plan and practices in the near future. But there is still a problem to bring the stakeholders to sit together discussing their opinion, perception and hope on the future of the watershed. An appropriate system and mechanism of coordination and communication among stakeholders is certainly needed to build better understanding of the watershed. Environmental service mechanism can be potentially developed in Sumber Brantas watershed, since the early initiative has been explored and practiced by some stakeholders, such as Perum Jasa Tirta I.]]> Environmental services, hydrological, modeling, local knowledge, watershed Southeast Asia Indonesian Widianto, Suprayogo D, Sudarto and Lestariningsih ID. 2010. Implementasi Kaji Cepat Hidrologi (RHA) di Hulu DAS Brantas, Jawa Timur. Working paper nr.121. DOI: 10.5716/WP10338.PDFBogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 133 p. GRP 6, TULSEA 2590 WP 151 WP0151-11 A Study of Rapid Hydrological Appraisal in the Krueng Peusangan Watershed, NAD, Sumatra Ni'matul Khasanah, Elok Mulyoutami, Andree Ekadinata, Tonni Asmawan, Lisa Tanika, Zuraidah Said, Meine van Noordwijk and Beria Leimona 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper nr 123. DOI: 10.5716/WP10339.PDF 55
The objectives of the RHA are to appraise the hydrological situation from the perspective of multiple stakeholders: local ecological knowledge (LEK), public/policymakers ecological knowledge (PEK), and hydrologist/modeler ecological knowledge (MEK). Further, the recommendation from the application of RHA is to design a realistic approach in designing a reward for watershed services scheme. To accomplish the objective of the study, the RHA method was implemented through the following activities:
1. Survey and exploration of the two main types of stakeholder knowledge: local and public/policy maker ecological knowledge on water movement and causes and consequences of land use options on the landscape from the perspective of multiple users of the Krueng Peusangan watershed, 2. Gathering and analyzing of existing climate and hydrology data on the Krueng Peusangan watershed, 3. Spatial data analysis of the Krueng Peusangan watershed to obtain land cover information, land cover change information and watershed characteristic, 4. Analyses of the consequences of current land cover change on the values of water balance including river flow in the Krueng Peusangan watershed using GenRiver 2.0 model, and 5. Analyses of plausible future land cover changes scenarios and its impacts using GenRiver 2.0 model.]]> Southeast Asia English Khasanah N, Mulyoutami E, Ekadinata A, Asmawan T, Tanika L, Said Z, van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. 2011. A Study of Rapid Hydrological Appraisal in the Krueng PeusanganWatershed, NAD, Sumatra. Working Paper nr 123. DOI: 10.5716/WP10339.PDFBogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 55 p. GRP 6, TULSEA 2589 WP 150 WP0150-11 Kaji Cepat Hidrologi di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Peusangan, NAD, Sumatra Ni'matul Khasanah, Elok Mulyoutami, Andree Ekadinata, Tonni Asmawan, Lisa Tanika, Zuraidah Said and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no. 122. DOI 10.5716/WP10337.PDF 55 Rapid Hydological Appraisal (RHA).

Tujuan RHA adalah untuk menilai situasi hidrologi DAS berdasarkan perspektif berbagai pemangku kepentingan seperti pengetahuan ekologi masyarakat lokal (local ecological knowledge/LEK), pengetahuan ekologi pembuat keputusan (policymakers ecological knowledge/PEK) dan pengetahuan ekologi ahli hidrologi/peneliti (hydrologist/modeler ecological knowledge/MEK). Selanjutnya, rekomendasi hasil RHA digunakan untuk menyusun pendekatan skema imbal jasa lingkungan. Dalam kajian ini, implementasi RHA dilakukan melalui beberapa kegiatan:

Kajian dan eksplorasi pengetahuan ekologi masyarakat lokal dan pengetahuan ekologi pembuat keputusan dengan fokus pergerakan air; penyebab dan konsekuensi pemilihan/perubahan penggunaan lahan di suatu bentang lahan (lansekap) menurut sudut pandang berbagai pihak pemanfaat DAS Krueng Peusangan,
Pengumpulan dan analisa data iklim dan hidrologi DAS Krueng Peusangan,
Analisa data spasial untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai perubahan tutupan lahan dan karakteristik DAS,
Analisa pengaruh perubahan tutupan lahan terhadap kesetimbangan air termasuk debit sungai DAS Krueng Peusangan menggunakan model GenRiver 2.0, dan
Analisa beberapa skenario perubahan tutupan lahan yang mungkin terjadi terhadap kesetimbangan air menggunakan model GenRiver 2.0.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Khasanah N, Mulyoutami E, Ekadinata A, Asmawan T, Tanika L, Said Z and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Kaji Cepat Hidrologi di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Peusangan, NAD, Sumatra. Working paper no. 122Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 55 p. TULSEA 2588 BC 315 BC0315-11 Rubber agroforestry and PES for preservation of biodiversity in Bungo district, Sumatra Laxman Joshi, Rachman Pasha, Elok Mulyoutami and Hendrien J Beukema Daniela Ottaviani and Nadia El-Hage Scialabba 2011 Payments for ecosystem services and food security FAO Rome, Italy 26 114-135 ISBN 978-92-5-106796-3 Hevea brasiliensis), naturally found in the floodplains forests along the Amazon River, began in Indonesia in the second half of the 19th century. In Sumatra and Borneo, rubber cultivation, initially restricted along rivers with good accessibility, rapidly spread to even relatively remote areas in the country. Currently, Indonesia is the world's second largest gum exporter with an overall rubber area of 3.5 million hectares. More than one million households depend on rubber-generating income in Indonesia, as 83 percent of the rubber cultivation area is constituted by smallholder rubber agroforestry systems (Wibawa et al., 2005)

Bungo district, located in the western area of the Jambi province, the third most important Indonesia province for rubber production, is surrounded by three national parks: Kerinci Seblat, Bukit Dua Belas and Bukit Tiga Puluh. The district has been severely deforested (60 percent forest loss) and forests have been replaced by rubber and oil palm plantations, as well as other agricultural land uses. In particular, from the late 1980s, an increased spread in oil plantation cultivation has led to the additional loss of native trees and simplification of the agro-ecological landscape (Fentreine et al.). A remote sensing study showed that in 1998 the remaining forests, mostly located on the Barisan range, covered only 28 percent of Bungo district, while in the area occupied by jungle rubber has decreased from 17 percent (1988) to 11 percent (2008) due to a parallel increase in monoculture covering from 23 percent (1988) to 49 percent (2008) of the district area (Ekadinata et al., 2010)]]> Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Pasha R, Mulyoutami E and Beukema HJ. 2011. Rubber agroforestry and PES for preservation of biodiversity in Bungo district, Sumatra. In: Ottaviani D and Scialabba NE,eds. Payments for ecosystem services and food security. Rome, Italy. : FAO. P. 114-135. GRP 2, GRP 6, RUPES 2587 BC 314 BC0314-11 PES and multi-strata coffee gardens in Sumberjaya, Indonesia Rachman Pasha and Beria Leimona Daniela Ottaviani and Nadia El-Hage Scialabba 2011 Payments for ecosystem services and food security FAO Rome, Italy 7 275-281 ISBN 978-92-5-106796-3 Sumberjaya is a sub-district (542 km2), in the district of West Lampung, which has historically been the dramatic scene of massive deforestation escalating in social conflicts and poor households. Since the 1970s, Sumberjaya recorded a rapid expansion in smallholder coffee cultivation. Although the government was aware of the consequent high uncontrolled deforestation rate, it was only in 1990, when a hydropower plant was planned in the upper watershed of the Way Besai River, that it took action, concerned about slope erosion and potentially high sediment discharge to the hydropower plant (USAID, 2007). Thus, 40 percent of the land in Sumberjaya was declared as areas of restricted use and forest protection and, between 1991 and 1996, thousands of farmers were evicted from their lands. In 1998, a reconciliatory negotiation promoted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), the local NGO Watala, the Ford Foundation and the UK Government's Department for International Development (DFID) was initiated to resolve the huge social conflict and promote sound land-use management. Southeast Asia English 0 Pasha R and Leimona B. 2011. PES and multi-strata coffee gardens in Sumberjaya, Indonesia. In: Ottaviani D and Scialabba NE,eds. Payments for ecosystem services and food security. Rome, Italy. : FAO. P. 275-281. GRP 6, RUPES 2586 PB 27 PB0027-11 Principles for fairness and efficiency in enhancing environmental services in Asia. Payments, compensation or co-investment? Meine van Noordwijk and Beria Leimona 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 6
The term ?payments for environmental services? has rapidly gained popularity, with its focus on market-based mechanisms for enhancing environmental services. Current use of the term, however, covers a broad spectrum of interactions between environmental services? suppliers and beneficiaries.

A broader class of mechanisms pursues enhancement of environmental services through compensation or rewards. Such mechanisms can be analysed on the basis of how they meet four conditions: realistic, conditional, voluntary and pro-poor.

The Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) program has been examining such mechanisms throughout Asia since 2002.]]> Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. 2011. Principles for fairness and efficiency in enhancing environmental services in Asia. Payments, compensation or co-investment?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. GRP 6, RUPES 2585 PB 26 PB0026-11 Can rewards for providing environmental services benefit the poor? Lessons from Asia Beria Leimona, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 8
The concept of rewarding local people who protect the environment and the services provides links to two global priorities: to reduce poverty and to sustain the environment.

Pilot schemes based on the concept should ideally aim to balance effectiveness and efficiency with fairness and supporting poor people.

However, most tend to focus primarily on the efficiency of providing the environmental services and often neglect the local people involved in managing the natural resources, their livelihood strategies and the multi-dimensional nature of poverty.]]> Southeast Asia English Leimona B, Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Can rewards for providing environmental services benefit the poor? Lessons from Asia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 8 p. GRP 6, RUPES 2584 WP 149 WP0149-11 Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Quirino forest-carbon development project in Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor Raquel C. Lopez, Maria Noriza Herrera and Rodel D. Lasco 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no. 132. DOI: 10.5716/WP11057.PDF 56
Acting as the project proponent and intermediary, CI Philippines can potentially institutionalise the project. Not only is such a purpose part of their mission as a non-government organization but also they have the technical capacity to do so. The project is to be implemented as community-based forest management, involving local communities (represented by three people?s organizations) made up of 96 individual and household landholders, Palacian Economic Development Association Inc (a local NGO), the provincial government, Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 2 and the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office and the project monitoring team of CI Philippines. MoreTrees, a non-profit carbon offset provider, funds the project.

A total of 177 ha, consisting of small landholdings (110 parcels) in five barangays within the municipalities of Maddela (94 ha) and Nagtipunan (83 ha), has been delineated as the project area. The 108 parcels are within classified forestlands (162 ha) and most landholders have certificate of stewardship contracts as their tenure instruments; there are only two parcels of private land (15 ha) with ownership titles.

The project deploys an agroforestation scheme, conducting reforestation activities by planting native tree species on a total of 155 ha and an agroforestry system by planting fruit trees on 22 ha.

Just like other project proponents, CI Philippines also attempted to participate under the Clean Development Mechanism afforestation/reforestation (CDM A/R) framework. It initially drafted a plan for 13 000 ha as a CDM A/R project but is now targeting the Verified Carbon Standards. Validation by a third party has already been conducted under the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standards after some corrective action, including revision of the project design document and subsequent revalidation.]]> Carbon market, climate change, forest-carbon development, mitigation, community-based forest management, Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Quirino forest carbon Philippines English Lopez RC, Herrera MN and Lasco RD. 2011. Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Quirino forest-carbon development project in Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor. Working Paper no. 132. DOI: 10.5716/WP11057.PDFLos Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 56 p. GRP 5 2583 WP 148 WP0148-11 Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Laguna Lake Development Authority?s forest-carbon development project Raquel C. Lopez, Liberty O. Moya and Rodel D. Lasco 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no. 131. DOI: 10.5716/WP11056.PDF 43
The Laguna Lake Development Authority?s carbon-forestry project, called the Laguna de Bay Community Watershed Rehabilitation Project, consists of two components: 1) Project 1, which covers an aggregate of 140 ha over 10 barangays within the Caliraya-Lumot Watershed. This is further subdivided into two sites (site 1 = 40 ha and site 2 = 100 ha); and 2) Project 2, which covers an aggregate of 217 ha located in four sites in Laguna province. Each site is equivalent to a small-scale forest-carbon project bundled into one project

The project aims to develop an enabling environment for a carbon market for small-scale environmental interventions in the Laguna de Bay watershed. The key activities of the project are designed to: a) build the capacity of the Authority as an intermediary; b) pilot the implementation of carbon emissions reduction projects; and c) prepare set environmental projects for emission reduction credits.

The project has the participation of local government units (Municipality of Tanay and Siniloan), an academic institution (University of Philippines Los Ba�os), a governmentcontrolled corporation (National Power Corporation) and private companies (CBK Power Company and San Pablo Water District), which have jurisdiction at each site to facilitate the project.

As intermediary, the Authority was able to receive funding through a grant from the Japan Climate Change Initiative, which the World Bank implements for purchasing offsets for greenhouse gas emission reductions from small-scale Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Carbon financing is already mainstreamed in the project, which enabled the Authority to prepare a project design document following the CDM standard template. However, when submitted for validation, of the sites proposed for the forest-carbon development project, only one site?5 ha located in the municipality of Siniloan?satisfied the eligibility criteria under the CDM afforestation/reforestation framework.

While continuing their reforestation activities, the Authority is currently looking for additional sites. The project design document is being revised and other market mechanisms are being explored.]]> carbon forestry, forest-carbon development, watershed rehabilitation, agroforestation, Laguna de Bay, CDM A/R Philippines English Lopez RC, Moya LO and Lasco RD. 2011. Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Laguna Lake Development Authority’s forest-carbon development project. Working Paper no. 131. DOI: 10.5716/WP11056.PDFLos Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 43 p. GRP 5 2582 WP 147 WP0147-11 Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Ikalahan Ancestral Domain forest-carbon development Raquel C. Lopez, Emma Abasolo and Rodel D. Lasco 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no. 133 41
The World Agroforestry Centre Philippines has assisted the Ikalahan, the indigenous people of the region, through their Kalahan Educational Foundation (KEF) by building their capacity to enter into the international carbon markets. KEF initially planned to participate in the market through the United Nations? Framework Convention on Climate Change?s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) then later through the Verified Carbon Standards and is now exploring the possibility of engaging with the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation plus conservation (REDD+) scheme.

The study was conducted to assess the potential of, and challenges for, the proposed project to participate in carbon trading and rewards for environmental services mechanisms. We wanted to examine the strengths of the proposed forest-carbon development as well as the limitations that are hindering its institutionalisation.

The project will consist of an agroforestation scheme on 900 ha, through 1) planting purely forest trees for reforestation and greater carbon sequestration; and 2) agroforestry farms for livelihoods and lesser carbon sequestration. Total sequestration has been estimated at 89 776 t CO2e over 20 years. The project implementers are the local indigenous people, represented by the KEF.

The prerequisite for any project activity is identification of the area. However, as of 2010, KEF had been able to delineate only 17 parcels of land with aggregate area of 112.27 ha, which is intended for forest tree establishment. The parcels for agroforestry farms had not yet been identified.

Further, KEF had yet to create a comprehensive project plan and prepare a project design document (PDD) following the standard templates required for the carbon markets. KEF needs strategic partners to help them do this, along with the required documents for environmental services registration and crediting. A one-year agreement with Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co. Ltd. to provide consultancy services to help KEF with such activities had already expired.

We found that aside from the technical limitations of undertaking the planning process, the process of identifying the project area still remained a challenge for the KEF.

Generally, progress has only stemmed from the assistance provided by the World Agroforestry Centre Philippines through its Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) project.]]> Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, forest carbon, RUPES project, agroforestation, CDM, voluntary carbon market, REDD+ mechanism Philippines English Lopez RC, Abasolo E and Lasco RD. 2011. Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the Ikalahan Ancestral Domain forest-carbon development. Working Paper no. 133Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 41 p. 2581 WP 146 WP0146-11 Carbon forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the case of the Arakan Forest Corridor forest carbon project Raquel C. Lopez, Jayson C. Ibañez and Rodel D. Lasco 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no. 130. DOI: 10.5716/WP11055.PDF 50
The proposed project can potentially contribute to mitigation efforts through carbon sequestration and storage. However, there are many challenges for project development and field implementation. Realistic work and budget plans need to be prepared and the technical and socio-economic aspects of the field work must be sustainable.

Smallholders? acceptance of the arrangements and continued cooperation is vital for the project?s success. To ensure this, more ground work needs to be done to facilitate implementation in the field. A more pro-active project design must be developed using adaptive management theory and subsequently implemented. Adaptive management uses management intervention as a tool to strategically probe the functioning of an ecosystem.]]> Forest carbon development, Arakan Forest Corridor, agroforestation, rainforestation farming, community-based conservation, project development approach, Adopt a Parcel of Hope campaign Philippines English Lopez RC, Ibañez JC and Lasco RD. 2011. Carbon forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the case of the Arakan Forest Corridor forest carbon project. Working Paper no. 130Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 50. DOI: 10.5716/WP11055.PDF p. DOI: 10.5716/WP11055.PDF GRP 5 2580 BK 148 BK0148-11 Membangun Kebun Campuran: Belajar dari Kobun Pocal di Tapanuli dan Lampoeh di Tripa Endri Martini, Hesti L. Tata, Elok Mulyoutami, Jusupta Tarigan and Subekti Rahayu 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 42 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Martini E, Tata HL, Mulyoutami E, Tarigan J and Rahayu S. 2010. Membangun Kebun Campuran: Belajar dari Kobun Pocal di Tapanuli dan Lampoeh di Tripa. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 42 p. 2579 WP 145 WP0145-11 Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the case of Mt Kitanglad Range forest-carbon development project Raquel C. Lopez, Felix S Mirasol and Rodel D. Lasco 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no 129. DOI: 10.5716/WP11054.PDF 51
The study was conducted to assess the potential of, and challenges for, the proposed project to participate in carbon trading and rewards for environmental services mechanisms. One of the key strengths was the political will of the intermediary entity in helping the project participants, the occupants of deforested and degraded land. This manifested in the formulation of the project development plan.

The proposed project can potentially participate in the carbon market. There are constraints, but with the necessary technical and logistical support to achieve a final project proposal and/or project design document and subsequent operations, the Mt Kitanglad Range forest-carbon development project could potentially be a viable participant in the carbon trading and environmental services rewards mechanisms.]]> Carbon market, climate change, forest-carbon development, mitigation, Mt Kitanglad Range, agroforestation scheme Philippines English Lopez RC, Mirasol FS and Lasco RD. 2011. Carbon-forestry projects in the Philippines: potential and challenges: the case of Mt Kitanglad Range forest-carbon development project. Working Paper no 129Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 51 p. DOI: 10.5716/WP11054.PDF GRP 5 2578 PB 25 PB0025-11 Management of Sesaot Forest: Quo Vadis? Gamma Galudra 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Polan Brief no. 13 4 Sesaot forest lies within Dodokan catchment, to the west of Rinjani National Park with an area of 5,950 ha. Administratively, the forest belongs to Narmada and Lingsar districts of West Lombok Regency and surrounded by 4 villages of Sesaot, Lebah Sempage, Sedau and Batu Mekar. According to Decree of Agriculture Minister No. 756/Kpts/Um/1982, the status and function of Sesaot forest is Protective Forest. This status is based on the important function of the forest as part of the catchment that provides water for large scale irrigation and drinking water for downstream communities, particularly the citizen of Mataram in West Lombok Regency and some areas in Central Lombok Regency. Southeast Asia English 0 Galudra G. 2011. Management of Sesaot Forest: Quo Vadis?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6, POLAN 2577 PB 24 PB0024-11 Rencana tata ruang wilayah dan distribusi manfaat sumberdaya hutan Putra Agung 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Polan Brief no. 12 4 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) merupakan salah satu atau bahkan satu-satunya peluang untuk mencapai pembangunan rendah emisi. Sebagai suatu institusi (rule of game), RTRW tidak terlepas dari permasalahan mendasar yang melandasi proses pembentukannya. Hal inilah yang membuat RTRW sebagai suatu dokumen legal sering kali gagal menjadi acuan pembangunan daerah. RTRW tidak hanya sebatas legalisasi pemanfaatan dan pembagian ruang atas sumberdaya alam (SDA) namun lebih dari itu, karena pada setiap sumber daya alam melekat hak yang berbeda atas manfaat yang berbeda-beda pula. Tulisan ini merupakan opini penulis sebagai suatu identifikasi awal dalam memahami permasalahan distribusi manfaat sumberdaya hutan dan lahan didalam RTRW Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat (Tanjab Barat) dan kebijakan kehutanan pada umumnya. Cara pandang Teori Akses digunakan untuk menguraikan alokasi dan distribusi manfaat sumberdaya hutan dan lahan untuk menuju pembangunan rendah emisi. Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Agung P. 2011. Rencana tata ruang wilayah dan distribusi manfaat sumberdaya hutan. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6, POLAN 2576 BK 147 BK0147-11 Analisa gaya bersengketa (AGATA); Panduan ringkas untuk membantu memilih bentuk penyelesaian sengketa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam Gamal Pasya and Martua T Sirait 2011 The Samdhana Institute Bogor, Indonesia 84 9780-979-170173-1-0 post colonial <\i> yang secara historis mewarisi legasi dan permasalahan sengketa penguasaan atas sumber daya alam. Sengketa tersebut amat nyata menjadi hambatan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang adil dan lestari, serta perlu segera diselesaikan untuk menghindari bumi dari kelanjutan bencana sosial dan ekologis, dan sepatutnya hal tersebut diselesaikan oleh masyarakat, pemerintah dan para pihak lainnya. Di Indonesia TAP MPR No. IX tahun 2001 tentang Pembaruan Agraria dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam memandatkan dan menugaskan kepada Pemerintah dan DPR untuk menyelesaikan sengketa secara adil dan beradab sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip yang ada dalam TAP MPR tersebut]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Pasya G and Sirait MT. 2011. Analisa gaya bersengketa (AGATA); Panduan ringkas untuk membantu memilih bentuk penyelesaian sengketa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Bogor, Indonesia. : The Samdhana Institute. 84 p. GRP 6, POLAN 2575 MN 48 MN0048-11 GenRiver and FlowPer: Generic River Flow Persistence Models. User Manual Version 2.0 Meine van Noordwijk, Rudy Harto Widodo, Ai Farida, Desi Ariyadhi Suyamto, Betha Lusiana, Lisa Tanika and Ni'matul Khasanah 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor 119 978-979-3198-50-7 Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Widodo RH, Farida A, Suyamto DA, Lusiana B, Tanika L and Khasanah N. 2011. GenRiver and FlowPer: Generic River Flow Persistence Models. User Manual Version 2.0. Bogor. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 119 p. 2574 PB 23 PB0023-11 Meso Debat: Menghubungkan Debat Makro dan Mikro dalam Menyiapkan Strategi REDD Daerah Martua T Sirait and Putra Agung 2011 Policy Analysis Unit Brief No. 11 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor 4 Southeast Asia Indonesian Sirait MT and Agung P. 2011. Meso Debat: Menghubungkan Debat Makro dan Mikro dalam Menyiapkan Strategi REDD Daerah. Policy Analysis Unit Brief No. 11. Bogor. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. 2573 PB 22 PB0022-11 Menuju Pengakuan ?Hutan Nagari? di Nagari Salingka Danau Singkarak Jomi Suhendri and Putra Agung 2011 Policy Analysis Unit Brief No. 10 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor 4 Southeast Asia Indonesian Suhendri J and Agung P. 2011. Menuju Pengakuan “Hutan Nagari” di Nagari Salingka Danau Singkarak. Policy Analysis Unit Brief No. 10. Bogor. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. 2572 RP 273 RP0273-11 Stakeholder perspectives on ?fair and efficient? benefit distribution along the CREDD value chain Meine van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto, Sandra J.Velarde, Herry Purnomo, Do Trong Hoan and Hoang Minh Ha 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor Project Report 67 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Suyanto S, Velarde SJ, Purnomo H, Do Trong H and Hoang MH. Stakeholder perspectives on ‘fair and efficient’ benefit distribution along the CREDD value chain. Bogor. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 67 p. 2571 RP 272 RP0272-11 Local perspectives on REDD in comparison with those at the international negotiation tables and their representation in quantitative scenario models Meine van Noordwijk, Gamma Galudra, Ratna Akiefnawati, Grace B.Villamor, Herry Purnomo and S. Suyanto 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor Project Report 93 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Galudra G, Akiefnawati R, Villamor GB, Purnomo H and Suyanto S. Local perspectives on REDD in comparison with those at the international negotiation tables and their representation in quantitative scenario models. Bogor. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 93 p. 2570 RP 271 RP0271-11 Abatement Cost Curves Relating Past Greenhouse Gas Emissions To The Economic Gains They Allowed Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, S. Suyanto, Peter A Minang, Douglas White, Valentina Robiglio, Hoang Minh Ha, Andree Ekadinata, Rachmat Mulia and Degi Harja 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor Project Report 28 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Suyanto S, Minang PA, White D, Robiglio V, Hoang MH, Ekadinata A, Mulia R and Harja D. Abatement Cost Curves Relating Past Greenhouse Gas Emissions To The Economic Gains They Allowed. Bogor. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2011. 28 p. 2569 BC 313 BC0313-11 The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Adaptation in China Zhang Linxiu, Yi Hongmei, Luo Renfu, Wang Jinxia and Xu Jianchu 2011 Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Chiang Mai 324 77-109 China English Zhang L, Yi H, Renfu L, Wang J and Xu Jianchu . 2011. The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Adaptation in China. Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region. Chiang Mai. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. P. 77-109. 2568 BC 312 BC0312-11 The impact of climate change on water resources and local livelihood in the Asian highlands Xu Jianchu Kobkun Rayanakorn 2011 Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Chiang Mai 324 9-33 China English 0 Xu Jianchu. 2011. The impact of climate change on water resources and local livelihood in the Asian highlands. In: Rayanakorn K,eds. Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region. Chiang Mai. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. P. 9-33. 2566 WP 144 WP0144-11 Agricultural Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: What can we learn for the MRV of agricultural NAMAs? Andreas Wilkes, Wang Shiping, Timm Tennigkeit and Feng Jiexi 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China WP no. 126 17 China English 0 Wilkes A, Shiping W, Tennigkeit T and Feng J. 2011. Agricultural Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: What can we learn for the MRV of agricultural NAMAs?. WP no. 126: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 17 p. 2565 BL 38 BL0038-11 Bersama Menjaga Hutan: Upaya Mengurangi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi di Desa Lubuk Beringin Ratna Akiefnawati, Grace B.Villamor, Farid Zulfikar, Iman Budisetiawan, Elok Mulyoutami, Asep Ayat and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor 68 978-979-3198-51-4 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Akiefnawati R, Villamor GB, Zulfikar F, Budisetiawan I, Mulyoutami E, Ayat A and van Noordwijk M. Bersama Menjaga Hutan: Upaya Mengurangi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi di Desa Lubuk Beringin. Bogor. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 68 p. 2564 BK 146 BK0146-11 Participatory Agroforestry Development in DPR Korea Xu Jianchu, Kim Gwang Ju and Jun He 2011 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Kunming 240 978 92-9059-209-7 China English 0 2011. Participatory Agroforestry Development in DPR Korea. Kunming. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 240 p. 2563 JA 405 JA0405-11 Is native timber tree intercropping an economically feasible alternative for smallholder farmers in the Philippines? Fernando Santos Martin and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 55 257–272 Integration of trees on upland farms in the Philippines has been slower than expected and desirable from an environmental perspective. Our economic and risk analysis points to current policies as part of the problem. The study compares three domesticated indigenous timber trees (Shorea contorta V., Pterocarpus indicus J., and Vitex parviflora W.) intercropped with maize against a benchmark of the widely used exotic mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.). We used a biophysical simulation model (WaNuLCAS 3.1) to represent interaction between trees and crops for a fundamental level of water, nutrient and light capture as the basis for production functions. External conditions affecting systems profitability were accounted for in the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Elements of risk were introduced through Monte Carlo simulation. Study results revealed that from a farmer?s perspective intercropping systems provide similar (within an uncertainty range of + or ) 10%) returns to monocropping scenarios. When net subsidies and taxes are accounted for, social profitability evaluations favour tree intercropping at high tree densities. The net effect of the current bias in price policies towards food production therefore refrains farmers from making decisions to integrate trees on farms; a decision that is actually in the national interest on economic grounds, even without consideration of positive environmental effects agricultural policy, agricultural systems, development economics, economic and risk analysis, productivity analysis Southeast Asia English Martin FS and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Is native timber tree intercropping an economically feasible alternative for smallholder farmers in the Philippines?. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 55: P. 257–272. 2562 JA 404 JA0404-11 Understanding forest transition in the Philippines: main farm-level factors influencing smallholder?s capacity and intention to plant native timber trees Fernando Santos Martin, Manuel Bertomeu, Meine van Noordwijk and R. M. Navarro-Cerrillo 2011 Small-scale Forestry World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office DOI 10.1007/s11842-011-9166-y The ?when, where and how? of decisions by smallholder upland farmers to plant trees as part of their use of natural, human and capital resources needs to be understood if policy support is to result in actual recovery of tree cover as part of a ?forest transition? trajectory. In large parts of the Philippines the turning point may be close. Data on resource access and tree planting decisions were gathered from a household survey, with a total of 148 respondents in four rural communities in Leyte Province in Central Philippines. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Household-level results reveal that the outcomes of the decision-making processes primarily depend on the availability of land and access to remaining forest resources rather than socio-cultural or economic factors. The total area of land and number of parcels managed by the household plus security of land tenure through ownership was found to have a statistically significant effect on farmers? decision to plant native timber trees. Access to surrounding natural forest is negatively associated with farmer tree planting Agroforestation, Upland farmers, Household survey, Land management, Natural forest Southeast Asia English Martin FS, Bertomeu M, van Noordwijk M and Navarro-Cerrillo RM. 2011. Understanding forest transition in the Philippines: main farm-level factors influencing smallholder’s capacity and intention to plant native timber trees. Small-scale Forestry. DOI 10.1007/s11842-011-9166-y: P. . 2561 WP 143 WP0143-11 Payments for Environmental Services (PES): An introductory note in the Mekong context Jun He, X. Lu and Xu Jianchu 2010 M-power PN67 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China PN67_2010_28 China English He J, Lu X and Xu Jianchu . 2010. Payments for Environmental Services (PES): An introductory note in the Mekong context. M-power PN67. PN67_2010_28: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2560 WP 142 WP0142-11 Payment for Environmental Services (PES): Insights from Kejie Watershed, Yunnan Province, southwest China Jun He, Xu Jianchu and X Ma 2010 M-Power, PN67 Working Paper World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China PN67_2010_01 China He J, Xu Jianchu and Ma X. 2010. Payment for Environmental Services (PES): Insights from Kejie Watershed, Yunnan Province, southwest China. M-Power, PN67 Working Paper. PN67_2010_01: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2558 JA 403 JA0403-11 Variations of fruit and seed traits of natural and artificial populations in Camellia reticulata L. Jiacong Huang, Jun He, Rui-ping Yin, Xiao-jun Wan, Jun Guo, Xin Cheng-lian, Faping Gong and Yue Li 2010 Journal of Beijing Forestry University World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China 32(5) 94-101 China Chinese Huang J, He J, Yin R, Wan X, Guo J, Xin C, Gong F and Li Y. 2010. Variations of fruit and seed traits of natural and artificial populations in Camellia reticulata L.. Journal of Beijing Forestry University. 32(5): P. 94-101. GRP 1 2557 JA 402 JA0402-11 Production Increasing Technology of Wild Thelepora Ganbajun Zang in Changning County Qu Chun-xia, He Jun, Yang Yanping, Yang Hui-xian, Xiong Jian and Li Hong-wei 2010 Forest Inventory and Planning World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China 35(5) 53-56 China Chinese Qu C, He J, Yanping Y, Yang H, Xiong J and Li H. 2010. Production Increasing Technology of Wild Thelepora Ganbajun Zang in Changning County. Forest Inventory and Planning. 35(5): P. 53-56. GRP 1 2556 JA 401 JA0401-11 GIS-base DSS for Optimal Multiobjectives Erosion Management: A case study of the Huai Talupkup Watershed, Thailand S. Pongsai, Pratap Shresta, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, R. Clemente, N.K. Tripathi, V. Trelo-Ges and S. Paramee 2010 International Journal of Geoinformatics World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Thailand 6 (3) 67-78 Thailand English Pongsai S, Shresta P, Schmidt-Vogt D, Clemente R, Tripathi N, Trelo-Ges V and Paramee S. 2010. GIS-base DSS for Optimal Multiobjectives Erosion Management: A case study of the Huai Talupkup Watershed, Thailand. International Journal of Geoinformatics. 6 (3): P. 67-78. GRP 4 2555 JA 400 JA0400-11 People?s perception and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion: a case study of Samanalawewa Watershed, Sri Lanka E.P.N. Udayakumara, Pratap Shresta, L. Samarakoon and Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt 2010 International Journal of Sediment Research World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China 25 (4) 323-339 Though soil erosion is an important concern in Sri Lanka, there is a dearth of baseline information on soil erosion in many of its watersheds, which obstructs monitoring of soil erosion and mitigating its effects. In order to assess soil erosion in a critical watershed and to identify its determinants, the Samanalawewa watershed, which contains one of the main hydropower generating reservoirs in Sri Lanka, was selected for this study. Remote-sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) based modeling as well as field experiments were employed to assess and map soil erosion rates. Results indicated that the current rate of soil erosion ranges from 0 to 289 t/ha/yr, and that the average rate of soil erosion has been declining from 20 to 4 t/ha/yr over a period from 1986 to 2008. The current rate of soil erosion is, however, still about 14 to 33 times greater than the natural soil generation rate. Socioeconomic factors and peoples? perception of soil erosion and soil conservation measures were examined using data collected through a household survey. Multiple regression analysis with eighteen covariates of socioeconomic characteristics yielded eleven socioeconomic variables, viz. household size, farm labor, education, land tenure, conservation cost, training, committee membership, professional competencies, income, distance, and financial capital as the predictor variables of soil erosion. Farmers identified improper soil and crop management practices as the major causes of erosion. The adoption of conservation measures, their effectiveness, and their impact on ecosystem services were also examined. Soil erosion, People perception, Determinants of soil erosion, Conservation measures, Sri Lanka China English Udayakumara E, Shresta P, Samarakoon L and Schmidt-Vogt D. 2010. People’s perception and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion: a case study of Samanalawewa Watershed, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Sediment Research. 25 (4): P. 323-339. GRP 4 2554 JA 399 JA0399-11 Calibration and validation of MUSLE for estimating sediment yield on sloping plots: a case study in Khun Satan catchment of Northern Thailand S. Pongsai, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Pratap Shresta, R. Clemente and A. Eiumnoh 2010 Canadian Journal of Soil Science World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Thailand Vol. 90 (4) 585-596 Thailand English Pongsai S, Schmidt-Vogt D, Shresta P, Clemente R and Eiumnoh A. 2010. Calibration and validation of MUSLE for estimating sediment yield on sloping plots: a case study in Khun Satan catchment of Northern Thailand. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. Vol. 90 (4): P. 585-596. GRP 4 2552 JA 421 JA0421-11 Winter and spring warming result in delayed spring phenology on the Tibetan Plateau Yu Haiying, Eike Luedeling and Xu Jianchu F. Stuart Chapin 2010 Proceedings of National Academy of Science, USA (PNAS) The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 51 22151-22156 22151–22156 Climate change has caused advances in spring phases of many plant species. Theoretically, however, strong warming in winter could slowthe fulfillment of chilling requirements,whichmay delay spring phenology. This phenomenon should be particularly pronounced in regions that are experiencing rapid temperature increases and are characterized by highly temperature-responsive vegetation. To test this hypothesis, we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ratio method to determine the beginning, end, and length of the growing season of meadow and steppe vegetation of the Tibetan Plateau in Western China between 1982 and 2006.We then correlated observed phenological dates with monthly temperatures for the entire period on record. For both vegetation types, spring phenology initially advanced, but started retreating in the mid-1990s in spite of continued warming. Together with an advancing end of the growing season for steppe vegetation, this led to a shortening of the growing period. Partial least-squares regression indicated that temperatures in both winter and spring had strong effects on spring phenology. Although warm springs led to an advance of the growing season, warm conditions in winter caused a delay of the spring phases. This delay appeared to be related to later fulfillment of chilling requirements. Because most plants from temperate and cold climates experience a period of dormancy in winter, it seems likely that similar effects occur in other environments. Continued warming may strengthen this effect and attenuate or even reverse the advancing trend in spring phenology that has dominated climate-change responses of plants thus far. China English Haiying Y, Luedeling E and Xu Jianchu . 2010. Winter and spring warming result in delayed spring phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. In: Chapin FS,eds. Proceedings of National Academy of Science, USA (PNAS). 107(51):P. 22151–22156. GRP 5 2551 JA 396 JA0396-11 Pursuits of adaptiveness in the shared rivers of Monsoon Asia Louis Lebel, Xu Jianchu, Ram C. Bastakoti and Amrita Lamba 2010 International Environmental Agreements World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China DOI 10.1007/s10784-010-9141-7 355-375 DOI 10.1007/s10784-010-9141-7]]> Climate change, Water governance, Monsoon Asia, Transboundary rivers China English 0 Lebel L, Xu Jianchu , Bastakoti R and Lamba A. 2010. Pursuits of adaptiveness in the shared rivers of Monsoon Asia. International Environmental Agreements. DOI 10.1007/s10784-010-9141-7: P. 355-375. GRP 5 2550 NL 47 NL0047-11 Kiprah Agroforestry 8 Anang Setiawan, Andree Ekadinata, Arif Rahmanulloh, Asep Ayat, Feri Johana, Geoffrey Kamadi, Kurniatun Hairiah, Muhammad Sofiyuddin, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi and Sonya Dewi 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 4 4 1-16 Membangun perencanaan wilayah partisipatif di Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Pelatihan penilaian Keanekaragaman Hayati bagi peneliti-peneliti muda Asia Pasifik
Memanen gula kelapa di lahan Agroforestri
Menanam pohon di luar kawasan hutan: dapatkah menjawab isu perubahan iklim?
REDD+ di Berau: Melacak emisi menimbang implikasi]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Setiawan A, Ekadinata A, Rahmanulloh A, Ayat A, Johana F, Kamadi G, Hairiah K, Sofiyuddin M, Purnomosidhi P and Dewi S. 2011. Kiprah Agroforestry 8. In: Rahayu S, Tarigan J and Mulyoutami E,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2549 PB 21 PB0021-11 Institutionalising emissions reduction as part of sustainable development planning at national and sub-national levels in Indonesia Sonya Dewi, S. Suyanto and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ALLREDDI Brief 04 6 2. Demonstrated emission reduction has to be attributable to the source of funding because of the political and socio-economical implications attached. Achieving unsupported emission reduction will position Indonesia as a true leader in climate-change mitigation. The outcome of internationally supported emission reductions will have implications for international mechanisms while the remaining emission reduction that can be traded will bring a significant economic benefit.
3. Forest products and land resources are sources of income and rural livelihoods. There are national and sub-national sustainable-development targets, some of which depend on forest products and/or land resources.
4. There are 'low-hanging fruit', especially related to unsustainable practices, which can reduce emissions without limiting opportunities to generate income and improve livelihoods, but there are also significant portions of emissions that are associated with some economic benefit and a smaller portion associated with high economic benefit. These issues cause variability in emissions reductions across landscapes.
5. The allocation of emission reduction targets for each sub-national level (province, district) should follow the 'fairness and efficiency' principle: 'efficiency' in terms of how much change in emission practices and 'fairness' in terms of rewards for those actually protecting the forest.]]> Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Suyanto S and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Institutionalising emissions reduction as part of sustainable development planning at national and sub-national levels in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. ALLREDDI 2548 PB 20 PB0020-11 Estimating losses in aboveground carbon stock from land-use and land-cover changes in Indonesia (1990, 2000, 2005) Andree Ekadinata and Sonya Dewi 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ALLREDDI Brief 03 6 The Government of Indonesia has declared its commitment to unilaterally reduce emissions by 26% by 2020 and by a further 15% with international support. More than 50% of the reduction is to come from LULUCF
Reducing uncertainties in the quantification of past emissions from LULUCF at disaggregated, sub-national levels are instrumental in establishing reference emission levels. Identification of dominant sources and drivers of LULUCF at sub-national level is necessary for developing local strategies to reduce emissions
Through the Accountability and Local Level Initiative for Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (ALLREDDI) project, two basic data required for calculating greenhouse gas emissions were produced and processed: (1) activity data from spatially explicit, nationwide, land-use and land-cover change analysis; and (2) emission factors for forests across Indonesia derived from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) database and of other land-use and land-cover types from various databases]]> Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A and Dewi S. 2011. Estimating losses in aboveground carbon stock from land-use and land-cover changes in Indonesia (1990, 2000, 2005). Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. ALREDDI 2547 PB 19 PB0019-11 Forest carbon-stock estimates based on National Forest Inventory data Degi Harja, Sonya Dewi, FX Heryawan and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ALLREDDI Brief 02 6 Indonesia's forests were inventoried from 1989 to 1996 (phase 1) and from 1995 to 2000 (phase 2) by the Forest Planning Agency ('the Agency') at the Ministry of Forestry as part of a collaboration between the Government of Indonesia and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The objective of this National Forest Inventory (NFI) was to assess foreststand conditions, stocks, growth rates and tree diversity across the landscapes of Indonesia. An improved version of the NFI became known as the Forest Assessment and Monitoring System. This data set had not so far been used to estimate aboveground tree biomass and carbon stock in Indonesia, as quality control of the data had not been completed. We provide an overview of the data and derive carbon-stock densities for different forest types and locations that can be used for estimating historical, aboveground CO2 emissions from deforestation 2 and forest degradation. Southeast Asia English Harja D, Dewi S, Heryawan F and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Forest carbon-stock estimates based on National Forest Inventory data. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. ALREDDI 2546 PB 18 PB0018-11 Indonesia's land-use and land-cover changes and their trajectories (1990, 2000 and 2005) Andree Ekadinata, Atiek Widayati, Sonya Dewi, Saipul Rahman and Meine van Noordwijk 2011 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ALLREDDI Brief 01 6 Deforestation, forest degradation, peatland conversion and burning have drawn global attention owing to the significant amounts of emission of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming
Indonesia has declared its commitment to reduce emissions by 26?41% by 2020. More than 50% of the emission reduction target is intended to come from the land-use, land-use-change and forestry sector (LULUCF)
A monitoring, reporting and validating system is necessary to compare the performance of climatechange mitigation actions against past emissions
Credible past emission estimates are required, for which we need two basic data sets: (1) historical land-use changes; and (2) emission factors for each land-use change, before and after the change]]> Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A, Widayati A, Dewi S, Rahman S and van Noordwijk M. 2011. Indonesia's land-use and land-cover changes and their trajectories (1990, 2000 and 2005). Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. GRP 5, ALLREDDI 2545 MN 47 MN0047-11 Enrichment planting with Dipterocarpaceae species in rubber agroforests: manual Hesti L. Tata, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 23 979-3198-49-1 This manual was compiled based on results of research we conducted in Bungo and Tebo districts, Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia. It is intended to be used as a field handbook for practitioners, extension workers, farmers and anyone else who wants to plant meranti or other Dipterocarpaceae species in rubber gardens. Using this manual, rubber farmers can develop their own nursery independently or together in farmers' groups, by collecting seeds from forests or other sites.]]> Southeast Asia English Tata HL, Wibawa G and Joshi L. 2010. Enrichment planting with Dipterocarpaceae species in rubber agroforests: manual. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 23 p. 2544 JA 395 JA0395-11 Feedback loops added to four conceptual models linking land change with driving forces and actors Meine van Noordwijk, Betha Lusiana, Grace B.Villamor, Herry Purnomo and Sonya Dewi 2011 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 16 1 1-3 1. Land use, or the direct benefits that agents derive from their impact on land cover; it usually involves direct learning and relatively short response cycles, although there is ongoing debate about how much an economic lens misses of real motivations of the agents (Villamor et al. 2011).
2. Land use planning, or the attempts by stakeholders of land cover beyond the land user, to change the rules that are part of the set of drivers influencing land users.
3. Agent-specific modification of incentive structures that are conditional on performance, as attempted in forms of Payments for Ecosystem Services and related institutions (Tomich et al. 2004, Van Noordwijk et al. 2004, Swallow et al. 2009, Van Noordwijk and Leimona 2010).
4. Generic changes in rules and economic incentives through policy change that is expected to enhance ecosystem services and/ or economic performance at (sub)national scale, as currently discussed under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) umbrella where clarity on drivers and agents is needed (Blom et al. 2010).]]> Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B, Villamor GB, Purnomo H and Dewi S. 2011. Feedback loops added to four conceptual models linking land change with driving forces and actors. Ecology and Society. 16(1):P. 1-3. 2543 PP 307 PP0307-11 A framework for prioritising nutrient management research in vegetable production in the southern Philippines Chris Dorahy, Agustin Mercado, Jr., Cecille Marie Quinones, Regie Bicamon, Juanita Salvani, Carmelito Lapoot, Valeriana Justo, John Oakeshott, Josefina Atienza and Anabella B. Tulin 2010 Proceedings of the World Congress of Soil Science. Soil science for a changing world Brisbane, Australia 5-8 This paper describes an approach which has been used to identify and prioritise nutrient management research activities in a project currently being undertaken in the southern Philippines. It has highlighted the potential to improve the productivity and profitability of these systems by reallocating limited capital (fertiliser) resources from phosphorus and potassium to nitrogen based on an application of soil test information and the principles of nutrient budgeting. This approach also has applications for developing broader agricultural research programs in that it can be used as a tool for identifying and prioritising the activities which are likely to be the most successful and establish likely timeframes for impact. Research planning, decision making, capacity building 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1-6 August 2010 Philippines English Dorahy C, Mercado, Jr. A, Quinones CM, Bicamon R, Salvani J, Lapoot C, Justo V, Oakeshott J, Atienza J and Tulin AB. 2010. A framework for prioritising nutrient management research in vegetable production in the southern Philippines. Proceedings of the World Congress of Soil Science. Soil science for a changing world. Brisbane, Australia. 2542 PP 306 PP0306-11 Soil management and crop nutrition for tomato in acid soil of Claveria, Philippines Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Anabella B. Tulin and Christopher Dorahy 2010 Proceedings of the World Congress of Soil Science. Soil science for a changing world Brisbane, Australia 270-273 Integrated soil management and crop nutrition need to be developed for vegetable based production system in the upland areas in Claveria, Philippines, being a ?tomato bowl? of the country. A study was conducted to find alternative fertility management options for tomato production. As a result of participatory assessment and soil survey and analysis, 3 alternative treatments were being compared against farmer?s fertility level, which was normally 3-5 times more than what the crop needs. The results indicated that growth of tomato was more influenced by the level of N when P and K were not limiting. This was partly influenced by the mobility of N during intense rainfall. The better yield in farmer?s fertility level was attributed to the addition of organic matter which reduced N loss during intense rainfall. Under intense rainfall, diseases severity was not influenced by the different fertility levels. Although farmer had intensive pesticides application, occurrence of diseases still persisted. Marketable and non-marketable yields were still superior under farmer?s fertility level than the alternative treatments. Farmer?s fertility level still provided better income against alternative treatments. Tomato fertility levels and management regimes should revolve around climatic conditions that would enhance better nutrient use efficiency. Integrated, N efficiency, farmer’s fertility management 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1-6 August 2010 Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, Tulin AB and Dorahy C. 2010. Soil management and crop nutrition for tomato in acid soil of Claveria, Philippines. Proceedings of the World Congress of Soil Science. Soil science for a changing world. Brisbane, Australia. 2541 PP 305 PP0305-11 Evidence-based nutrient management strategy in identifying fertility status and soil constraints for vegetable production in the Southern Philippines Anabella B. Tulin, Cecille Marie Quinones, Roland Rallos, Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Juanita Salvani, Carmelito Lapoot, Valeriana Justo and Chris Dorahy 2010 Proceedings of the World Congress of Soil Science. Soil science for a changing world Brisbane, Australia 168-171 Participatory and soil assessment surveys were conducted in five major vegetable producing areas in Southern Philippines to define the current nutrient status and management practices involving vegetable production. Five sites were identified in each area representing four regions in Southern Philippines that were identified as vegetable producing farms and represent the major sources of vegetables sold in the Visayas and Mindanao islands. Soil samples were gathered in each site representing the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth and were analyzed in the laboratory for its physico-chemical characteristics. In the participatory assessment surveys, more than 100 farmers were interviewed for the current management practices they employed in vegetable production and the major problems they encountered in producing vegetables. The key outcomes of these investigations are: 1) growers identified lack of capital and high fertilizer prices as a key constraint to vegetable production; 2) the results of soil fertility evaluation suggests that growers are undersupplying some nutrients and oversupplying others leading to nutrients imbalances in the soil and, 3) lack of capital is not an issue but an issue of more effective allocation of limited capital (fertilizer) resources. Participatory assessment, soil survey, vegetable production, constraints, Southern Philippines. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World Philippines English Tulin AB, Quinones CM, Rallos R, Mercado Jr. AR, Salvani J, Lapoot C, Justo V and Dorahy C. 2010. Evidence-based nutrient management strategy in identifying fertility status and soil constraints for vegetable production in the Southern Philippines. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia. 2540 PP 304 PP0304-11 Farmers? Experiences on Low-Pressure Drip Irrigation for Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Manuel Palada, Mercado A.R., Roberts, M., V. B. Ella, Manuel Reyes, A. B. Susila, D. T. Ha, D. L. Wu and M. Bhattarai 2010 Acta Horticulturae International Society for Horticultural Science. Belgium Philippines English Palada M, Mercado A, Roberts M, Ella VB, Reyes M, Susila AB, Ha DT, Wu DL and Bhattarai M. 2010. Farmers’ Experiences on Low-Pressure Drip Irrigation for Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Acta Horticulturae. Belgium. International Society for Horticultural Science.. 2539 PO 287 PO0287-11 Rubber + Upland Rice in a Rubber Agroforestry System (RAS): Economic, Food Security and Environmental Stimulus Among Smallholder Farmers Augustin R. Mercado Jr. and Don Immanuel Edralin 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR and Edralin DI. Rubber + Upland Rice in a Rubber Agroforestry System (RAS): Economic, Food Security and Environmental Stimulus Among Smallholder Farmers. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2538 PO 286 PO0286-11 Vermicomposting: Enhancing soil fertility management and carbon sequestration at smallholder?s farms Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Javier E, Caroline Duque-Piñon and Manuel Reyes 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, Javier E, Duque-Piñon C and Reyes M. Vermicomposting: Enhancing soil fertility management and carbon sequestration at smallholder’s farms. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2537 PO 285 PO0285-11 Rainwater Harvesting; An Answer to Uneven Distribution of Rainfall Due to Climate Change Augustin R. Mercado Jr. and Don Immanuel Edralin 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR and Edralin DI. Rainwater Harvesting; An Answer to Uneven Distribution of Rainfall Due to Climate Change. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2536 PO 284 PO0284-11 Understanding vegetable-tree interaction is a key to successful vegetable farming enterprise Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Caroline Duque-Piñon and Manuel Reyes 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, Duque-Piñon C and Reyes M. Understanding vegetable-tree interaction is a key to successful vegetable farming enterprise. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2535 PO 283 PO0283-11 Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry System in Mindanao, Philippines: A village approach to Climate Change Mitagation Augustin R. Mercado Jr. and Don Immanuel Edralin 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR and Edralin DI. Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry System in Mindanao, Philippines: A village approach to Climate Change Mitagation. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2534 PO 282 PO0282-11 Evergreen Agriculture on Slopes for Climate Change through integrated agroforestry production system that enable farms to achieve multifunctional ecosystem which integrates Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Don Immanuel Edralin and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, Edralin DI and Duque-Piñon C. Evergreen Agriculture on Slopes for Climate Change through integrated agroforestry production system that enable farms to achieve multifunctional ecosystem which integrates. : Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. 2533 JA 394 JA0394-11 Factors affecting soil loss at plot scale and sediment yield at catchment scale in a tropical volcanic agroforestry landscape Bruno Verbist, Jean Poesen, Meine van Noordwijk, Widianto, Didik Suprayogo, Fahmuddin Agus and Jozef Deckers 2010 Catena Elsevier B.V. 80 1 34-46 Tropical deforestation and land use change is often perceived as the major cause of soil loss by water erosion and of sediment load in rivers that has a negative impact on the functioning of hydropower storage reservoirs. The Sumberjaya area in Sumatra, Indonesia is representative for conflicts and evictions arising from this perception. The purpose of this study as part of a Negotiation Support System approach was to assess sediment yield both at plot and catchment scale and to relate it to a variety of possible clarifying factors i.e. land use, geology, soil and topography. Sediment yield at catchment scale per unit area, was found to be 3?10 times higher than soil loss measured in erosion plots. A stepwise regression showed that the dominant factors explaining sediment yield differences at catchment scale in this volcanic landscape were a particular lithology (Old Andesites) and slope angle followed by the silt fraction of the top soil. In lithologically sensitive areas soil loss at the plot scale under monoculture coffee gardens decreases over time from on average 7?11 Mg ha- 1 yr- 1 to 4?6 Mg ha- 1 yr- 1, mainly because of the development of surface litter layers as filters and top soil compaction in the areas without litter, but remains higher than under shade coffee systems or forest. The runoff coefficient under monoculture coffee remains on average significantly higher (10?15%) than under forest (4%) or under shade coffee systems (4?7%). In lithologically stable areas soil loss remained below 1.8 Mg ha- 1 yr- 1 and the runoff coefficient below 2.5% under all land use types, even bare soil plots or monoculture coffee gardens. Less than 20% of the catchment area produces almost 60% of the sediment yield. The reduction of negative off-site effects on e.g. the life time of a storage reservoir would benefit greatly from an improved assessment of the lithologies in volcanic landscapes and the consideration of potential sediment source and sink areas. In lithologically sensitive areas, a shift from sun to shade coffee systems may result in reducing surface runoff and soil loss, although water erosion at the plot scale is not the main contributor to sediment yield at the catchment scale. The quantification of land use effects on dominant erosive processes such as river bank and river bed erosion, landslides and the concentrated flow erosion on footpaths and roads can contribute to more targeted efforts and relevant incentives to reduce (or live with) sediment load of the rivers. Coffee; Erosion; Land use; Negotiation support system; Scale 10.1016/j.catena.2009.08.007 Southeast Asia English Verbist B, Poesen J, van Noordwijk M, Widianto , Suprayogo D, Agus F and Deckers J. 2010. Factors affecting soil loss at plot scale and sediment yield at catchment scale in a tropical volcanic agroforestry landscape. Catena. 80(1):P. 34-46. 2532 PP 303 PP0303-11 Forests and Climate Change in the Asia Pacific Region Ben Vickers, Promode Kant, Rodel D. Lasco, Allison Bleaney, Sarah Milne, Regan Suzuki, Lawrence Ramos and Erica Pohnan 2010 Forests and Climate Change Working Paper 7 Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy 108 The development of climate change-related policies, as well as the status and approaches to forest management in the context of climate change, vary widely throughout the region. While Asia and the Pacific have seen an increase of forest cover, when disaggregated, it is clear that this is largely due to an ?outlier? effect ? the ambitious reforestation policies of a small number of countries, namely China, India and Viet Nam. The rest of the region and Southeast Asia in particular, continue to experience high rates of deforestation.
This has implications for potential mitigation and adaptation strategies, and particularly for regional and international efforts to develop mechanisms, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD)1 to stem the drivers of deforestation and degradation. A number of non-Annex I countries in the region, such as the Philippines and Indonesia, are being highly proactive despite having no obligation. They are undertaking emission reduction initiatives, reforestation and afforestation efforts and seeking stronger regional cooperation in tackling trans-boundary fire and pest management issues. Other countries have taken less initiative, in some cases due to limited forest area already under protected status, or preoccupation with more imminent post-conflict concerns as in the case of Afghanistan or Timor-Leste.
Capacity limitations critically restrict the degree to which countries can engage with climate change issues. There is a need to harmonize regional capacity levels and strengthen coordination and sharing of knowledge as well as mitigation and adaptation technologies. This will require financing. While this analysis indicates that there are such financing mechanisms, countries tend to perceive them as insufficient or unreliable. These factors influence the degrees to which countries integrate forestry and climate change policies within broader development frameworks.
Although forests have been recognized worldwide as a key part of the global response to climate change, many Asia-Pacific countries still have not integrated climate change strategies within national forest policies, laws and institutions. Forestry-related climate change initiatives are emerging nonetheless, and there is widespread evidence that countries are defining their own, unique country-specific strategies to harness the potential of forests for climate change mitigation and adaptation.]]> Philippines English 0 Vickers B, Kant P, Lasco RD, Bleaney A, Milne S, Suzuki R, Ramos L and Pohnan E. 2010. Forests and Climate Change in the Asia Pacific Region. Forests and Climate Change Working Paper 7. Rome, Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization. GRP 5 2531 BC 311 BC0311-11 Chapter 11: Climate Change Adaptation and Community Forest Management Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, Lawrence Ramos and Rose Jane J. Peras 2010 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Issues and Challenges. Emerald Group Publishing Limited Bedfordshire, UK 4 21 243-263 10.1108/S2040-7262(2010)0000004017 Philippines English 0 Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Ramos L and Peras RJ. 2010. Chapter 11: Climate Change Adaptation and Community Forest Management. Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Issues and Challenges. Community, Environment and Disaster Risk Management. United Kingdom. : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. P. 243-263. GRP 5 2530 WP 141 WP0141-11 Estimasi Karbon Tersimpan di Lahan-lahan Pertanian di DAS Konto, Jawa Timur. RACSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal) Syahrul Kurniawan, Cahyo Prayogo, Widianto, M. Thoha Zulkarnain, Nina Dwi Lestari, Fitri Khusyu Aini and Kurniatun Hairiah 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 120 60 Analysis was done using local land use maps of 1990 and 2000 of Kali Konto watershed (Malang regency, East Java), the result showed that forest area reduced and followed by increasing total area of ?belukar? (bush fallow) and plantation. The common land cover found were agroforestry coffee based system, plantation (Hutan Tanaman Industri) such as pine (Pinus mercusii), mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) and 'damar' (Agatissp.) which potentially able to store a big amount of C for longer time. Unfortunately the availability of land cover (agricultural) maps and its potential as C sequestered in Kalikonto is very limited. Various versions of land use maps are available locally with various land use classification lead to confusing rather than clarification creating difficulties on detecting land cover change. More accurate estimation of areas per land cover in Kali Konto watershed is needed for calculating C stored at watershed level. This research was done to answer four research question such as:
1. How much carbon stored (C stock) in aboveground biomass of each land cover in Kali Konto watershed?
2. How much the C stocks that are actually present on each cover, averaged over the lifecycle of each land cover (time-averaged of carbon stock)?
3. How big forest areas in 1990 were converted into agricultural land?
4. How much C stock lost after forest converted into agricultural land?]]> Aboveground, carbon, C stock, C sequestration, C stored Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Kurniawan S, Prayogo C, Widianto , Zulkarnain MT, Lestari ND, Aini FK and Hairiah K. 2010. Estimasi Karbon Tersimpan di Lahan-lahan Pertanian di DAS Konto, Jawa Timur. RACSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal). Working Paper no 120Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 60 p. 2529 WP 140 WP0140-11 Studi Biodiversitas: Apakah Agroforestri Mampu Mengkonservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati di DAS KONTO? RABA (Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal) Fitri Khusyu Aini, Syahrul Kurniawan, Gede Wibawa and Kurniatun Hairiah 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 119 158 Pinus mercusii),mahoni (Swietenia mahogany) dan 'damar' (Agatis sp.) yang berpotensi cukup besar sebagai penyimpan karbon dalam jangka lama. Bila dibandingkan dengan kondisi di hutan alami, biodiversitas dan fungsinya pada lahan-lahan pertanian menurun karena kondisi ekosistem secara luas telah berubah.Namun demikian, ketersedian data untuk mendukung negosiasi konservasi biodiversitas masih sangat terbatas.
Studi tentang biodiversiats ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Juli, 2009, di DAS Konto hulu yang mencakup berbagai macam system penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Ngantang dan Pujon (Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur). Kegiatan ini diawali dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder penelitian terdahulu berkenaan dengan perubahan tutupan lahan di DAS Konto, diversitas pohon dan cacing tanah pada berbagai system penggunaan lahan. Sedangkan untuk penggalian informasi dari stakeholder tentang nilai penting tumbuhan, hewan dan sistem agroforestri maka informasi diperoleh melalui PRA, indepth interview, ground check lapangan. Selain itu, informasi tentang diversitas hewan dalam tanah seperti nematoda dan rayap diperoleh melalui pengukuran langsung di lapangan.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Aini FK, Kurniawan S, Wibawa G and Hairiah K. 2010. Studi Biodiversitas: Apakah Agroforestri Mampu Mengkonservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati di DAS KONTO? RABA (Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal). Working paper no 119Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 158 p. 2528 WP 139 WP0139-11 Non-timber forest products as a source of livelihood diversification for local communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program Jusupta Tarigan, James M Roshetko, Endri Martini and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 118 15 Pongo abelii). The existence of an orangutan population of 400 in the area was documented through a population and habitat viability assessment (Singleton 2004). Recent studies estimate that the population may be 380 at the current time. Although the Batang Toru orangutan population is smaller, its threat from habitat loss is relatively low (below 2% annually). This low rate of habitat loss is the result of topographic features that limit access and traditional indigenous forest management systems that are sustainable and value healthy environments. Besides orangutan, the Batang Toru forest is also rich in other endemic plant and animal species (for example, Dipterocarpaceae species (Shorea spp., Anisoptera spp., Dipterocarpus spp.) and the Sumatran tiger). Up to the present, the gradient of land-use systems practised by local communities in Batang Toru has been compatible with conservation of the area?s unique and globally important biodiversity. However, in the future, the expanding human population of Batang Toru may threaten the forest and all of its components if suitable livelihoods are not identified and developed. In that context, we see a number of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that are produced in Batang Toru forest systems (for example, mixed tree gardens, agroforests and forests) as having the potential to diversify and secure viable livelihood options for the people of Batang Toru.]]> Sumatran orangutan, Batang Toru, NTFPs, livelihoods, agroforest, land use Southeast Asia English 0 Tarigan J, Roshetko JM, Martini E and Ekadinata A. 2010. Non-timber forest products as a source of livelihood diversification for local communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program. Working paper no 118Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 15 p. 2527 WP 138 WP0138-11 Landscape Dynamics Over Time and Space From Ecological Perspective Sonya Dewi and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 103 75 Protected areas alone are necessary but not sufficient in maintaining biodiversity at the landscape level for several reasons: (i) management and enforcement are often weak; (ii) protected areas are often in remote, rough terrain that does not represent various ecoregions with various species assemblages and endemism; (iii) the extent of protected areas is sometimes not large enough to allow minimum viable populations so that in the long run species extinction might happen nevertheless; (iv) protected areas without buffer zones and corridors can easily be isolated rather than integral parts of a landscape.
Multifunctional landscapes that accommodate conservation and development need to be considered as integrated, rather than segregated, systems; this will allow us to achieve the objective of maintaining biodiversity at the landscape level. Land-use plans that aim to increase multifunctionality of landscapes should be informed by the current status of landscape composition and configuration, the process of land-use and land-cover changes in the past and planned for the future, areas that are vulnerable to changes in the future and options for intervention. The land-use planning process should be conducted within a negotiation process among multiple stakeholders.
Our research provides some results to be used as a basis for negotiation, which are produced from a combination of tools for remote sensing, GIS and spatial analysis guided by ecological principles. The results provide data for further research as well as suggest follow-up research questions.
These analyses of five landscapes (Bungo in Indonesia, Viengkham in Laos, Manompana in Madagascar, Takamanda-Mone in Cameroon and East Usambara in Tanzania) use the same methodology and tools, allowing comparisons across sites. Deforestation rates and land-use and land-cover changes across landscapes are used to define the stage of forest transition: Takamanda-Mone, Viengkham, Manompana, East Usambara and Bungo is the ordered list from earliest to advanced stages. Spatial patterns of deforestation, depending on landscape topography, level of accessibility and the state of forest transition, either are concentrated in relatively flat areas in the landscape, follow encroachment patterns on the primary forest block, run along the transportation network or expand from existing settlements. Combining these spatial patterns of deforestation with changes in landscape configuration, especially at sub-landscape level (quantified by selected indices), we can identify vulnerable areas in the future so that options to reduce risks can be discussed and negotiated within land-use planning processes.]]> Landscape composition, configuration, matrix, connectivity, fragmentation, drivers of landuse changes, multifunctional landscapes Southeast Asia English 0 Dewi S and Ekadinata A. 2010. Landscape Dynamics Over Time and Space From Ecological Perspective. Working paper no 103Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 75 p. 2526 BC 310 BC0310-11 Indonesia: A pilot PES auction in the Sumberjaya watershed Beria Leimona and Broke Kelsey Jack 2010 Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services OECD France 18 161-178 This chapter discusses a pilot inverse auction PES programme applied in the Sumberjaya Watershed in Indonesia to reduce sedimentation from coffee plantations. The process of design and implementation is discussed, highlighting issues that arise in a developing country context. The chapter also discusses how the pilot auction can be used as a price revelation mechanism, enabling payments to better reflect the costs of ecosystem services provision for any future scaled-up PES programme. DOI : 10.1787/9789264090279-13-en Southeast Asia English Leimona B and Kelsey Jack B. 2010. Indonesia: A pilot PES auction in the Sumberjaya watershed. Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services. France. : OECD. P. 161-178. 2525 JA 393 JA0393-11 The Conditions for Functional Mechanisms of Compensation and Reward for Environmental Services Brent M. Swallow, Beria Leimona, Thomas Yatich and Sandra J.Velarde 2010 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 15 4 6 Mechanisms of compensation and reward for environmental services (CRES) are becoming increasingly contemplated as means for managing human?environment interactions. Most of the functional mechanisms in the tropics have been developed within the last 15 years; many developing countries still have had little experience with functional mechanisms. We consider the conditions that foster the origin and implementation of functional mechanisms. Deductive and inductive approaches are combined. Eight hypotheses are derived from theories of institution and policy change. Five case studies, from Latin America, Africa, and Asia, are then reviewed according to a common framework. The results suggest the following to be important conditions for functional CRES mechanisms: (1) localized scarcity for particular environmental services, (2) influence from international environmental agreements and international organizations, (3) government policies and public attitudes favoring a mixture of regulatory and marketbased instruments, and (4) security of individual and group property rights. carbon sequestration; ecosystem services; ecotourism; environmental services; institutional change; payments for environmental services; watershed services Southeast Asia English Swallow BM, Leimona B, Yatich T and Velarde SJ. 2010. The Conditions for Functional Mechanisms of Compensation and Reward for Environmental Services. Ecology and Society. 15(4):P. 6. 2524 PP 302 PP0302-11 Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Agroforestri kopi untuk mempertahankan cadangan karbon lanskap Kurniatun Hairiah and Subekti Rahayu 2010 Simposium Kopi 2010 Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Denpasar, Bali 31 time-averaged C stock agroforestri kopi di Indonesia. Estimasi perubahan cadangan karbon di sub-DAS Kali Konto (Malang, Jatim) dilakukan dengan mengukur cadangan karbon di hutan alami, agroforestri kopi, perkebunan dan tanaman semusim menggunakan metode RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal), pada Juni-Desember 2008. Time-averaged C stock agroforestri kopi multistrata, agroforestri sederhana kopi dan kopi monokultur diestimasi dari pengukuran di Malang, Jember, Lombok Barat, Lampung Barat.<\br> Alih guna hutan menjadi lahan pertanian di sub-DAS Kali Konto (23810.13 ha) selama 15 tahun, menyebabkan kehilangan karbon 25924 Mg th-1 atau setara 1.48 Mg ha-1. Kehilangan karbon tersebut dari hutan alami 1.09 Mg ha-1 th-1, perkebunan 0.25 Mg ha-1 th-1, dan agroforestri berbasis kopi 0.05 Mg ha-1 th-1. Meningkatnya luasan tanaman semusim terjadi perolehan (sequestrasi) karbon hanya 0.03 Mg ha-1 th-1 (3% dari total karbon yang hilang dari hutan), sehingga jumlah perolehan tersebut belum dapat menggantikan kehilangan karbon dari alih guna hutan.<\br> Pengelolaan lahan yang benar sangat menentukan besarnya cadangan karbon. Untuk Indonesia, laju pertumbuhan cadangan karbon pada agroforestri multistrata kopi 0.9?1.86 Mg ha-1 th-1 dan agroforestri sederhana (umumnya milik masyarakat) 0.6?0.97 Mg ha-1 th-1 dan 2.8 Mg ha-1 th-1 di kebun percobaan. Sedang pada kopi monokultur hanya 0.5 Mg ha-1 th-1. Dengan demikian time-averaged C stock agroforestri kopi di Indonesia (umur kopi 15 tahun) sekitar 41 Mg ha-1, dan lahan kopi monokultur (12.5 Mg ha-1) sekitar 30 Mg ha-1 lebih rendah.]]> time-averaged carbon stock]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Hairiah K and Rahayu S. 2010. Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Agroforestri kopi untuk mempertahankan cadangan karbon lanskap. Simposium Kopi 2010. Denpasar, Bali. Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia. GRP 6, TULSEA 2523 PP 301 PP0301-11 Carbon stock assessment for a forest-to-coffee conversion landscape in Kalikonto watershed (East Java, Indonesia): Scaling up from plot to landscape level Kurniatun Hairiah, Syahrul Kurniawan, Fitri Khusyu Aini, Nina Dwi Lestari, Iva Dewi Lestariningsih, Widianto, Thoha Zulkarnaen and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 International Conference on Coffee Science (ASIC) Denpasar, Bali 8 Pinus merkusii), mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) and dammar (Agathis dammara); 6) multistrata shaded coffee with fruit and timber trees, as well as nitrogen-fixing shade trees; 7) simple shade coffee (using Gliricidia sepium as shade tree); and, 8) annual cropping systems (vegetable and food crops). The natural forest in Kalikonto area has been severely disturbed as shown by a low aboveground C stock of about 136 Mg ha-1. Aboveground C stock in coffee-based agroforestry systems was lower, at about 44 Mg C ha-1. The time averaged C stock of tree plantations (pinus, mahogany, and damar mostly aged 25-40 years) was estimated to be 85 Mg C ha-1. The estimated time averaged-C stock (above-ground) in annual crops was only 2 Mg ha-1. Extrapolation of C stock at plot level to watershed level were done by multiplying the area of each land cover with its time-averaged aboveground C stock. Within 15 years, C lost for the whole watershed (23810 ha) was estimated to be 27750 Mg yr-1 or equivalent to a yearly C loss of 1.17 Mg ha-1. Carbon lost from natural forest was about 0.92 Mg ha-1 yr-1, tree plantations lost 0.15 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Carbon lost from coffee-based agroforestry systems was relatively small, about 0.03 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Planting more diverse shade trees in coffee-based agroforestry system may increase the role of coffee gardens in net C sequestration at the landscape scale.]]> Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Kurniawan S, Aini FK, Lestari ND, Lestariningsih ID, Widianto , Zulkarnaen T and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Carbon stock assessment for a forest-to-coffee conversion landscape in Kalikonto watershed (East Java, Indonesia): Scaling up from plot to landscape level. International Conference on Coffee Science (ASIC). Denpasar, Bali. GRP 6 2522 PP 300 PP0300-11 Carbon Stock and Tree Diversity in Tripa Peat Swamp Forest Subekti Rahayu, Rahayu Oktaviani, Hesti L. Tata and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 The 2nd International Symposium of Indonesian Wood Research Society Indonesian Wood Research Society (IWoRS) Bali, Indonesia 545-551 Peat swamp forest currently gets great attention owing to its high storage capacity of belowground carbon. Tripa peat swamp forest is a part of Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser (KEL) in Aceh province has a high conservation value as a habitat of the endangered species of Sumatran orang-utan (Pongo abelii). Aboveground carbon stock was measured in an agro forest area and three forest types, viz. undisturbed, disturbed and secondary forest using standard protocol. Average density of aboveground carbon stock in the 4 different land use types ranged from 28.5 t/ha to 193 t/ha, in agroforest area and undisturbed peat forest respectively. Besides its capacity to store carbon, Tripa peat swamp forest had a high diversity of tree species with Shannon Wiener index of 3.61. Many species of food source for orang-utan occurs in the forest with high Important Value Index, such as Eugenia jambos, Eugenia curtisii, Litsea cubeba and Laurus nobilis. Forest clearing and conversion to oil palm plantation were two threats of the lost of Sumatran orang-utan habitat in Tripa. high conservation value forest (HCVF), habitat, Sumatran orang-utan Southeast Asia English Rahayu S, Oktaviani R, Tata HL and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Carbon Stock and Tree Diversity in Tripa Peat Swamp Forest. The 2nd International Symposium of Indonesian Wood Research Society. Bali, Indonesia. Indonesian Wood Research Society (IWoRS). 2521 WP 137 WP0137-11 Rubber agroforests and governance at the interface between conservation and livelihoods in Bungo district, Jambi province, Indonesia Endri Martini, Ratna Akiefnawati, Laxman Joshi, Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, Laurène Feintrenie and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 124 53 Multiple forces are at work in most landscapes. The area in Jambi province, Indonesia, that was selected as one of the benchmark sites for the global study of biodiversity in mixed landscapes is no exception. The history of land use and the key local and external stakeholders associated with change form the backdrop for the dynamics studied. Major changes in the Bungo district of Jambi province started with Dutch colonial expansion in 1906 and the associated introduction of Hevea brasiliensis ('para' rubber) linked to trade networks at the mouth of the Batanghari River, the major transport route. The 1970s started another period of rapid change with roads, commercial logging and transmigration projects, followed by oil palm expansion. The current stakeholders, at landscape and local levels, reflect this history in their perceptions and ambitions. Formal governance processes in Indonesia as a whole have started to have a direct influence on local dynamics, including management of natural resources, rule enforcement and conflict resolution. The current links between various levels of governance (from local to national) influence the ways conflicts can be resolved and solutions negotiated. The interface between conservation and livelihoods in Bungo is still dominated by rubber agroforests that date back almost a century, but these may become an anachronism, a remnant of the past in a world where the conservation versus livelihood trade-off lost its intermediate ('land sharing') solutions to multi-functionality. rubber agroforest, conservation, livelihood, governance, Bungo Southeast Asia English 0 Martini E, Akiefnawati R, Joshi L, Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Feintrenie L and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Rubber agroforests and governance at the interface between conservation and livelihoods in Bungo district, Jambi province, Indonesia. Working paper no 124Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 53 p. 2520 PB 17 PB0017-11 Hot spots of confusion: contested policies and competing carbon claims in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Gamma Galudra, Meine van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto and Ujjwal P. Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ASB Policybrief 21 4 Central Kalimantan has been selected as the primary REDD+ pilot in Indonesia. In its peatlands expectations of payments for carbon emission reduction currently shape the discourse over natural resource management as a means of influencing policy and exercising power. Different types of actors use their own interpretation of history, facts, rules and norms to support their claims. Shifting national policies have over the past decades shaped the distribution of power and actual use of peatland. Actions to reduce emissions will need to appreciate the institutional complexity. Southeast Asia English 0 Galudra G, van Noordwijk M, Suyanto S and Pradhan UP. 2010. Hot spots of confusion: contested policies and competing carbon claims in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. 2519 RP 270 RP0270-11 Human livelihoods, ecosystem services and the habitat of the Sumatran orangutan: Rapid assessment in Batang Toru and Tripa Made Hesti Lestari Tata, Meine van Noordwijk, Elok Mulyoutami, Subekti Rahayu, Atiek Widayati and Rachmat Mulia 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Project Report 136 The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), in collaboration with PanEco and Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari (YEL), conducted a rapid assessment of ecosystem services and human livelihood options provided by the remaining habitat of the Sumatran orangutan outside the Gunung Leuser National Park. We used a rapid analysis of carbon stock assessment (RaCSA) method to assess the carbon stock (aboveand belowground) at plot level and calculated land cover for carbon stock at landscape level. We calculated the net present value of important crop and tree commodities in Tripa and Batang Toru and analysed the costs and benefits of each commodity. To find solutions for better management at the two study sites, applications of the FALLOW model were developed, which allowed comparison of several possible scenarios. An attempt was made to translate such scenarios into opportunities for human livelihoods, orangutan population size and carbon emissions and stocks. Southeast Asia English 0 Tata MH, van Noordwijk M, Mulyoutami E, Rahayu S, Widayati A and Mulia R. Human livelihoods, ecosystem services and the habitat of the Sumatran orangutan: Rapid assessment in Batang Toru and Tripa. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 136 p. 2518 RP 269 RP0269-11 Carbon Emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in Berau District East Kalimantan, Indonesia Andree Ekadinata, Arif Rahmanulloh, Fadjar Pambudhi, Ibe Ibrahim, Meine van Noordwijk, Muhammad Sofiyuddin, Mustofa Agung Sardjono, Subekti Rahayu, Sonya Dewi, Suseno Budidarsono and Zuraidah Said 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Project Report 48 The overall emission and proportion of emission that is associated with negative, low and high opportunity cost is presented in Figure 2. Conversions to oil palm is shown to be in the high end both in the opportunity cost curve of emissions, due to its NPV which by far is highest compared to any other land use systems. The proportion of emission from conversion to oil palm increases over time. Logging is the single activity that causes the highest proportion of emissions with lower benefit than oil palm conversion per unit C emitted, especially if the conversion is from logged over forest. From ICRAF study on carbon footprint from oil palm plantation development, when the land cover of Cstock lower than 40 t/ha, e.g., grassland, shrubs, is converted to oil palm, there is no C-debt in the long run (assuming 25 years rotation). It is interesting to note here is the large portion of emission that is associated with establishment of forest plantation, which seems to be increasing in the more recent period. The forest plantation to supply raw materials to pulp and paper industry has been established in logged-over forest and undisturbed forests. Southeast Asia English 0 Ekadinata A, Rahmanulloh A, Pambudhi F, Ibrahim I, van Noordwijk M, Sofiyuddin M, Sardjono MA, Rahayu S, Dewi S, Budidarsono S and Said Z. Carbon Emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in Berau District East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 48 p. 2517 RP 268 RP0268-11 Investment in carbon stocks in the eastern buffer zone of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve, Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia: a REDD+ feasibility study Laxman Joshi, Janudianto, Meine van Noordwijk and Ujjwal P. Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Project Report 91 The Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve (LRWR or ?the reserve?) forest conservation and community development project is one of a portfolio of four REDD+ projects being supported by the Clinton Climate Initiative?Forestry program, ?Addressing the challenges of scaling pp REDD+ activities in Indonesia?. The program is demonstrating how REDD+ projects can contribute to 1) helping forest dependent communities move out of poverty, 2) conserving tropical forests and degraded peat lands, and 3) ensuring real reductions in GHG emissions associated with land use, land cover changes and deforestation. The program is aligned with governments at national and sub national levels and will contribute to the development of national REDD+ policies, strategies and regulations by addressing the key technical and financial barriers of entry which currently limit the supply of good quality and independently validated REDD+ demonstration projects. The program is building capacities at national and sub national levels of government, non governmental organisations, private sector and communities to implement REDD+ projects by improving national REDD screening processes, learning by doing using a generic five stage (due diligence, feasibility, carbon development, validation and marketing) and ten step carbon development process, establishing links between project based, sub national and national forest carbon accounting systems, exploring options for benefit sharing mechanisms and communicating lessons learned.
The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), in collaboration with Rare Conservation, the Clinton Climate Initiative?Forestry, Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin) and Oranguan Foundation (UK), conducted a feasibility study assessing the potential for enhancing carbon stock in the eastern buffer zone (23 600 ha) of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve (LRWR), Central Kalimantan province. Beyond the current carbon stock and a projected baseline of ?business as usual?, assessment of current rights and livelihood strategies in the area is needed for study of ?additionality? (carbon stock increases above baseline attributable to project interventions), ?leakage? (negative impacts on carbon stocks outside the project area attributable to project interventions) and ?permanence? (or leakage in time). We used the RESFA (REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal1 as the framework for studying the key livelihoods, land-use change, carbon stock and tenure issues to develop prospective scenarios and impact predictions.
Overall feasibility was assessed through answers to five questions.
A) Who are the land users, what do they do and what alternative options exist for them?
B) Who has claims of ownership and legality of current land use, who not?
C) How much carbon is currently stored in the landscape, linked to land-use practices?
D) Where do the various land-use practices take place and how much are they changing?
E) What can be done to reduce threats to carbon stocks and enhance carbon storage? How can leakage be prevented, additionality be claimed and permanence made likely?]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Joshi L, Janudianto , van Noordwijk M and Pradhan UP. Investment in carbon stocks in the eastern buffer zone of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve, Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia: a REDD+ feasibility study. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 91 p. 2516 BL 37 BL0037-11 Where We Work Andreas Wilkes, Beria Leimona, Emma Abasolo, Grace B.Villamor, Laxman Joshi, Lisa Fitzgerald, Matilda Palm, Ritesh Kumar and Rizki Pandu Permana 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 54 The project was started in 2002 under the coordination of the World Agroforestry Centre (Southeast Asia Programme) through a funding partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development.
During its first phase (2002?2007), RUPES worked in 6 action research sites in 3 countries?Bungo, Singkarak and Sumberjaya in Indonesia; Bakun and Kalahan in the Philippines; Kulekhani in Nepal]]> Southeast Asia English Wilkes A, Leimona B, Abasolo E, Villamor GB, Joshi L, Fitzgerald L, Palm M, Kumar R and Permana RP. Where We Work. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 54 p. 2515 BC 309 BC0309-11 The Livelihood Impacts of Incentive Payments for Watershed Management in Cidanau Watershed, West Java, Indonesia Beria Leimona, Rachman Pasha and Nana Prayatna Rahadian Luca Tacconi, Sango Mahanty and Helen Sulch 2010 Payments For Environmental Services, Forest Conservation And Climate Change. Livelihoods in the REDD? MPG Books Group United Kingdom 106-129 978 1 84980 299 4 The case study presented in this chapter is located in Cidanau, Indonesia. The Cidanau watershed is one of the most important watersheds supplying the domestic and industrial water needs of Banten Province, Java Island, Indonesia. The watershed covers 22260 ha located between two regencies: Serang and Padeglang, and their six sub-districts. The Cidanau watershed also has a special role in biodiversity protection. In the base of the bowl-shaped Cidanau watershed lies the Rawa Danau Reserve-a 4200 ha nature reserve, which contains the only remaining lowland swamp forest in Java and has 131 endemic species. The reserve is important in the hydrological process, too, as the reservoir for the Cidanau River and its tributaries, which then flow into the Sunda Strait.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B, Pasha R and Rahadian NP. 2010. The Livelihood Impacts of Incentive Payments for Watershed Management in Cidanau Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. In: Tacconi L, Mahanty S and Suich H,eds. Payments For Environmental Services, Forest Conservation And Climate Change. Livelihoods in the REDD?. United Kingdom. : MPG Books Group. P. 106-129. 2514 WP 136 WP0136-11 NTFPs as a source of livelihood diversification for local communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program Jusupta Tarigan, James M Roshetko, Endri Martini and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 118 21 Pongo abelii). The existence of an orangutan population of 400 in the area was documented through a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) (Singleton et. al., 2004). Recent studies estimate that the population may be 380 at the current time. Although the Batang Toru orangutan population is smaller, its threat from habitat loss is relatively low (below 2% annually). This low rate of habitat loss is the result of topographic features that limit access and traditional indigenous forest management systems that are sustainable and value healthy environments. Besides orangutans, the Batang Toru forest is also rich with other endemic plant and animal species (e.g. Dipterocarpaceae species (Shorea spp., Anisoptera spp., Dipterocarpus spp.) and Sumatran tiger). To the present time the gradient of landuse systems practiced by local communities in Batang Toru have been compatible with conservation of the area?s unique and globally important biodiversity. However, in the future, the expanding human population of Batang Toru may threat the forest and all of its components, if suitable livelihoods option are not identified and developed. In that context, we see a number of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that are produced in Batang Toru forest systems (e.g. mixed tree gardens, agroforests, and forests) as having potential to diversify and secure viable livelihood options for the people of Batang Toru.]]> Sumatran Orangutan, Batang Toru, NTFPS, Livelihoods, Agroforest, Landuse Southeast Asia English 0 Tarigan J, Roshetko JM, Martini E and Ekadinata A. 2010. NTFPs as a source of livelihood diversification for local communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program. Working Paper no 118Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 21 p. 2513 WP 135 WP0135-11 Landscape dynamics over time and space from ecological perspective Sonya Dewi and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 103 74 These analysis of five landscapes (Bungo in Indonesia, Viengkham in Laos, Manompana in Madagascar, Takamanda-Mone in Cameroon and East Usambara in Tanzania) using the same methodology and tool allows comparisons across sites. Deforestation rates and land use/cover changes across landscapes along with land use/cover changes are used to define the stage of forest transition; Takamanda-Mone, Viengkham, Manompana, East Usambara and Bungo is the ordered list from earliest to advanced stages. Spatial pattern of deforestation, depending on landscape topography, level of accessibilities and state of forest transition, either are concentrated in relatively flat areas in the landscape, follow encroachment pattern of primary forest block, along the transportation network, or expansion of existing settlement. Combining these spatial patterns of deforestation with changes in landscape configuration, especially at sub-landscape level (quantified by selected indices), we can identify vulnerable areas in the future such that options to reduce risks can be discussed and negotiated within land use planning processes.]]> Landscape composition, configuration, matrix, connectivity, fragmentation, drivers of land use changes, multifunctional landscapes Southeast Asia English 0 Dewi S and Ekadinata A. 2010. Landscape dynamics over time and space from ecological perspective. Working paper no 103Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 74 p. 2512 MA 58 MA0058-11 Reducing emissions through agroforestry Festus K. Akinnifesi 2010 media Perkebunan 85 26 Head Quarters English 2511 MA 57 MA0057-11 Powerful reward for erosion control Kate Langford 2010 Media Perkebunan 85 24-25 Head Quarters English 2510 MA 56 MA0056-11 Perlu keseriusan dalam tangani sawit Indonesia Suseno Budidarsono 2010 Media Perkebunan 85 22-23 Southeast Asia Indonesian 2509 BK 145 BK0145-11 A Teacher's Guide on Agroforestry Landscape Analysis: Curricular Framework and Case Study Materials SEANAFE 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 50 This guide is divided into three major sections, namely: 1) The SEANAFE's Agroforestry Landscape Analysis Project Overview; 2) The SEANAFE's Agroforestry Landscape Analysis Curricular Framework; and the 3) Country Teaching Case Study Materials.
Section 1 provides a brief background on SEANAFE AFLA Project highlighting the salient processes through which this guidewas generated.
Section 2 discusses in detail the components of the AFLA curricular framework.
Section 3 presents the country cases and offers ways to effectively use them for teaching AFLA. It provides suggestions for encouraging critical thinking among students, including guide questions and discussions, suggested teaching activities and references. This, however, should not limit the users. Instead, they are encouraged to further explore the other potential applications of the cases as teachingmaterials.
The curricular framework does not claim to be complete and comprehensive. However, SEANAFE considers it adequate to help enhance the knowledge, skills, and appreciation of students and other users on AFLA toward a more sustainable use and management of natural resources. The teaching case study materials also do not cover all the aspects of AFLA as a result of the kind of available data gathered by the country teams from their respective case study sites. Thus, users are encouraged to make assumptions about information absent fromthe cases and/or use other relevant cases to help teach AFLA concepts fully.
The guide assumes that the users have considerable experience in using case study as a teaching method. First timers to this approach are encouraged to read the Notes for Teachers well in advance before giving the case study materials to their students. The effectiveness of the case study materials relies on howwell the users have grounded themselves on its suggested use and internalized the basic information therein.]]> Southeast Asia English SEANAFE. 2010. A Teacher's Guide on Agroforestry Landscape Analysis: Curricular Framework and Case Study Materials. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 50 p. 2508 JA 392 JA0392-11 Stewardship agreement to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD): case study from Lubuk Beringin?s Hutan Desa, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia Ratna Akiefnawati, Grace B.Villamor, Farid Zulfikar, Iman Budisetiawan, Elok Mulyoutami, Asep Ayat and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 International Forestry Review The Commonwealth Forestry Association 12 4 349-360 Hutan Desa) regulation by the Minister of Forestry (P.49/Menhut-II/2008) details how to reconcile forest management targets and livelihood interests of forest-edge villages within the framework of a permanent forest estate. Lubuk Beringin in Bungo District, Jambi Province became the first village in Indonesia to secure such an agreement. Our analysis of process, stakes and social capital bridging local, district and national scales of Hutan Desa aims to assist in reducing transaction costs for wider application. Streamlining of rules is needed to make Hutan Desa a viable part of REDD schemes at relevant scale, and to support locally appropriate mitigation action as part of national strategies, and as co-investment in stewardship for local, national and global benefits.]]> action research, community forest management, Hutan Desa, REDD+, village forest Southeast Asia English Akiefnawati R, Villamor GB, Zulfikar F, Budisetiawan I, Mulyoutami E, Ayat A and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Stewardship agreement to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD): case study from Lubuk Beringin’s Hutan Desa, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. International Forestry Review. 12(4):P. 349-360. 2507 TD 162 TD0162-10 Prediksi perubahan neraca air dengan model GenRiver Prasetyo Nugroho 2010 Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 109 Program Studi Ilmu Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Master of Science Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) merupakan satu kesatuan ekosistem yang terdiri dari komponen biotis dan abiotis dan tidak dapat dipisahkan antar komponen satu dengan lainnya serta memiliki karakteristik yang khas, baik secara hidrologi, penutupan lahan, sosial budaya dan ekonomi yang melingkupinya. Daerah aliran sungai memainkan fungsi dan peran dasarnya sebagai daerah yang menerima, menampung dan mengalirkan air melalui outlet tunggal. Akan tetapi peran dan fungsi DAS tersebut dipengaruhi oleh perubahan penutupan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Model Hidrologi GenRiver dan memprediksi perubahan neraca air Sub DAS Goseng dengan simulasi kondisi penutupan lahan yang berbeda.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan dan menganalisis model Generic Riverflow (GenRiver) serta menggunakan simulasi perubahan penutupan lahan untuk mengetahui perubahan neraca air di kawasan Sub DAS Goseng. Perangkat bantuan yang digunakan dalam model ini yaitu menggunakan Stella sebagai software yang dihubungkan dengan file microsoft excel. Parameter yang dipertimbangkan dalam model ini yaitu data klimatologi, bentuk lahan, tanah, geologi dan penutupan lahan.]]> GenRiver, neraca air, Sub DAS Goseng, buffering indicator Southeast Asia Indonesian Nugroho P. 2010. Prediksi perubahan neraca air dengan model GENRIVER. Yogyakarta. : Universitas Gadjah Mada. 109 p. 2506 JA 391 JA0391-10 Accessibility Factors and Conservation Forest Designation Affecting Rattan Cane Harvesting in Lambusango Forest, Buton, Indonesia Atiek Widayati, Samantha Jones and Bruce Carlisle 2010 Human Ecology Springer Science+Business Media B.V 38 6 731-746 Rattan cane is an important non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvested from Indonesian tropical forests. However, the extraction of NTFPs such as rattan cane may conflict with forest conservation efforts. A better understanding of harvesting practices can help assess the extent of this conflict and guide forest management decisions. This study assesses the accessibility factors that influence rattan cane harvesting levels in Lambusango Forest, Buton Island, Indonesia, and whether the harvesting of rattan cane is affected by the designation of conservation areas. To this end, the analysis adopts participatory mapping, Geographic Information Systems and a questionnaire survey and employs multiple regressions and analysis of covariance. The results show that accessibility, particularly slope and distance, can play a role in the quantity of rattan canes harvested. The presence of conservation forest does not significantly affect rattan cane harvesting levels. This could be due to limited awareness of the harvesters going to the vicinity of the designated conservation areas and mixed sentiments towards conservation efforts due to the long tradition of forest dwelling and harvesting activities. The study concludes that the successful establishment and management of conservation areas require consideration of the specificity of the local context such as the abundance of forest resources, accessibility and historical forest-people interactions, in addition to biological factors. NTFP. Rattan cane harvesting . Accessibility . Conservation forest . Buton Island DOI 10.1007/s10745-010-9358-7 Southeast Asia English Widayati A, Jones S and Carlisle B. 2010. Accessibility Factors and Conservation Forest Designation Affecting Rattan Cane Harvesting in Lambusango Forest, Buton, Indonesia. Human Ecology. 38(6):P. 731-746. 2505 RP 267 RP0267-10 An assessment of opportunities for reducing emissions from all land uses Vietnam preparing for REDD final national report Hoang Minh Ha, Do Trong Hoan, Meine van Noordwijk, Pham Thu Thuy, Matilda Palm, To Xuan Phuc, Doan Diem, Nguyen Thanh Xuan and Hoang Thi Van Anh 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 85 The study explored the links between reducing emisisons from all land uses and nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs), as well as market-based approaches to the problem.
The study found that reducing emissions from all land uses in Vietnam increases the possibility of sustaining a future carbon emissions reduction scheme because it addresses an entire landscape, not only forest, and strengthens the participation of all land users, including indigenous people.
There are challenges to any scheme that aims to reduce emisisons from all land uses. These include adopting the right methods, obtaining reliable data, and legal and political issues.
The report recommends that reducing emissions from all land uses would be the most effective approach and should be implemented using cross-sectoral land-use planning and co-covernance that includes equitable involvement of government, private companies and smallholders.]]> Vietnam English Hoang MH, Do Trong H, van Noordwijk M, Thuy PT, Palm M, Phuc TX, Doan D, Thanh Xuan N and Thi Van Anh H. An assessment of opportunities for reducing emissions from all land uses Vietnam preparing for REDD final national report. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2010. 85 p. 2504 MA 55 MA0055-10 Pak Usub: dari Serumpun berkarya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar sungai Lamandau Janudianto and Subekti Rahayu 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 14-15 Berada di bagian selatan Pulau Kalimantan, tepatnya di salah satu desa di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, M. Subeli atau yang akrab dipanggil Pak Usub berkarya demi mensejahterakan masyarakatnya. Laki-laki kelahiran Barabai, Kalimantan Selatan 51 tahun silam ini merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak pendatang yang mencoba mengadu nasib di Serumpun, Desa Tanjung Putri. Anak kedua dari lima bersaudara ini merupakan salah seorang tokoh tani di dua kelompok saat ini, Kelompok Tani Serumpun dan Kelompok Tani Serumpun Padi. Bapak dua anak ini pandai berbicara dan senang sekali bercerita, tentunya dengan logat Banjar yang kental. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2503 MA 54 MA0054-10 Sistem Wanatani: masih tetap idola pengelola kebun kopi Kurniatun Hairiah 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 12-13 ?Wanatani kopi tetap idola bagi pengelola kopi di era pemanasan global, karena sistem ini menyediakan jasa lingkungan lewat perannya dalam mempertahankan populasi 'luwak', si pemetik jitu buah kopi, mengendalikan populasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan serta menjaga kondisi tanah tetap gembur, menyerap dan menyimpan karbon, serta mengatur tata air?, itulah catatan ringkasku selama mengikuti Simposium Kopi. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2502 MA 53 MA0053-10 Tembawang: bukan sekedar sistem agroforestri Bambang Soeharto 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 10-11 Tembawang atau sering disebut sebagai agroforest tembawang adalah suatu bentuk sistem penggunaan lahan yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis tumbuhan, mulai dari pohon-pohon besar berdiameter lebih dari 100 sentimeter hingga tumbuhan bawah sejenis rumput-rumputan. Sistem ini dikelola dengan teknik-teknik tertentu sesuai dengan kearifan lokal mereka dan mengikuti aturan-aturan sosial sehingga membentuk keanekaragaman yang kompleks menyerupai ekosistem hutan alam. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2501 MA 52 MA0052-10 Hutan sagu: potensinya dalam REDD+ Subekti Rahayu and Degi Harja 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 8-9 REDD adalah suatu upaya penurunan emisi dari sektor deforestasi dan degradasi hutan yang diinisiasi pada COP 12 di Bali tahun 2007, yang artinya penebangan hutan dan alih guna hutan harus dihindari dalam upaya menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca*. Seperti telah kita ketahui bahwa meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfir memberikan sumbangan yang sangat berarti dalam pemanasan global akhir-akhir ini. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2500 MA 51 MA0051-10 Memahami rantai perdagangan kayu jati Aulia Perdana 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 5-7 ?Mengapa kita diperlakukan seperti pencuri ketika mengirim kayu, padahal semua persyaratan dan legalitas penebangan sudah dipenuhi??. Pertanyaan yang dilontarkan oleh seorang pedagang kayu jati di kota Wonosari, Gunung Kidul ini menyulut berbagai pertanyaan kritis lainnya yang menuntut jawaban lebih mendalam. Tulisan ini mencoba menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dengan mengungkap rantai perdagangan jati dari petani hingga ke pedagang kayu yang saling berlomba mencari keuntungan diantara biaya-biaya yang tak terduga. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2499 NL 46 NL0046-10 Kiprah Agroforestri 7 Aulia Perdana, Bambang Soeharto, Degi Harja, Elok Mulyoutami, Janudianto, Kurniatun Hairiah and Subekti Rahayu 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 3 3 1-16 Pemahaman alur jual beli kayu jati di tingkat petani masih merupakan kendala saat ini. Artikel kedua membawa kita kepemahaman untuk mencari nilai rantai perdagangan kayu jati, berikut peraturan dan kebijakan yang berlaku.
Sebuah OPINI mengenai ?bagaimana hutan sagu berpotensi dalam REDD+ karena dapat menyerap karbon?? Selain sumber bahan makanan pokok bagi masyarakat Papua, juga merupakan habitat keanekaragaman hayati, yang tumbuh alami selayaknya hutan alam yang memiliki peluang sebagai penyerap karbon.
Masih dengan artikel menarik untuk diulas yaitu tentang agroforest tembawang, di Kalimantan Barat, yang dalam pengelolaannya masih dikelola secara adat masyarakat Suku Dayak. Penulis menyajikannya dengan cukup detail yang mencakup tiga hal utama dalam aspek konservasi dan nilai-nilai sosial budaya yang luhur.
Kopi luak... siapa yang tidak kenal dengan nikmatnya kopi ini. Dengan harga jual yang menggiurkan karena termahal di dunia. Meskipun biji kopi berkualitas tinggi ini diambil dari sisa kotoran luwak, namun kopi ini menjadi begitu masyur dikalangan penikmat kopi. Berdasarkan penelitian terakhir, hasil panen biji kopi oleh luwak yang dikandangkan tidak sebaik kualitas kopi yang dipanen oleh luwak liar. Ikuti cerita uniknya dalam liputan simposium nasional yang diselenggarakan di pulau Bali, Oktober lalu.
?Ini sebuah awal contoh yang baik dari suatu usaha pertanian padi di lahan pasang surut. Dengan teknologi sederhana mampu mencegah lahan dari banjir atau luapan air pasang. Hasil enam ton gabah kering panen per hektar sebuah hal yang luar biasa? sambut Akhmad Yadi, Kepala Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan kepada Pak Usub, seorang penebang kayu yang berubah haluan menjadi petani peladang menetap yang menularkan ilmunya kepada masyarakat sekitarnya. Rubrik PROFIL TOKOH yang bisa menjadi contoh untuk kita dan sekaligus sebagai artikel terakhir KIPRAH edisi ini.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Perdana A, Soeharto B, Harja D, Mulyoutami E, Janudianto , Hairiah K and Rahayu S. 2010. Kiprah Agroforestri 7. In: Rahayu S and Mulyoutami E,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3 , GRP 4 , GRP 5 , GRP 6 2498 PB 16 PB0016-10 Mau melangkah ke mana pengelolaan hutan sesaot? Gamma Galudra, R. Yana Buana and Noviana Khususiyah 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 09 4 Hutan Sesaot, terletak di bagian barat Taman Nasional Rinjani, memiliki luas 5 950 ha dan merupakan tangkapan air dari DAS Dodokan. Secara administrasi, hutan ini terletak di Kecamatan Narmada dan Lingsar, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, dan diapit oleh 4 desa yaitu Sesaot, Lebah Sempage, Sedau dan Batu Mek ar. Berdasar k an SK Menter i Per tanian No. 756/Kpts/Um/1982, status dan fungsi hutan Sesaot adalah hutan lindung. Penunjukan ini didasari atas pertimbangan hutan ini memiliki fungsi penting sebagai sumber mata air bagi irigasi pertanian skala besar serta untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga, khususnya di Kota Mataram, Kabupaten Lombok Barat dan sebagian Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Southeast Asia Indonesian Galudra G, Buana RY and Khususiyah N. 2010. Mau melangkah ke mana pengelolaan hutan sesaot?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. 2497 PB 15 PB0015-10 Sekolah Lapangan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam (SL-PSDA): upaya peningkatan kapasitas LMDH dalam pembangunan hutan melalui PHBM (di KPH Malang) Widianto, Noviana Khususiyah and Iva Dewi Lestariningsih 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 03 6
Salah satu metode yang telah terbukti dapat membantu mengembangkan kapasitas masyarakat dalam berbagai program pembangunan adalah pendekatan sekolah lapangan (SL), yang dalam hal ini adalah sekolah lapangan untuk pengelolaan sumberdaya alam (SL-PSDA).]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Widianto, Khususiyah N and Lestariningsih ID. 2010. Sekolah Lapangan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam (SL-PSDA): upaya peningkatan kapasitas LMDH dalam pembangunan hutan melalui PHBM (di KPH Malang). Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 6 p. 2496 PB 14 PB0014-10 Emissions Embodied in Trade (EET) and Land use in Tropical Forest Margins Peter Akong Minang, Meine van Noordwijk, P Meyfroidt, Fahmuddin Agus and Sonya Dewi 2010 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya ASB Policy Brief no 17 4
As many corporations, countries and consumers embrace carbon footprint labelling and advocate for ?greener? commodities, there is potential for reducing emissions from land use change in the humid and sub-humid tropics. Yet, current debate on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation ? REDD+ has not considered the potential implications of EET.

In this brief, we present and briefly reflect on (a) how emission reductions may induce cross-border land use displacements; (b) how market demand for ?greener? commodities and consumer pressure on some tropical commodities can shape behaviour of land use agents and influence emissions; and (c) the policy implications that result from EET.]]> Southeast Asia English Minang PA, van Noordwijk M, Meyfroidt P, Agus F and Dewi S. 2010. Emissions Embodied in Trade (EET) and Land use in Tropical Forest Margins. Nairobi, Kenya. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 4 p. 2495 RP 266 RP0266-10 Moving Beyond REDD: Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses in Nepal Laxman Joshi, Naya Sharma Paudel, Hemanta Ojha, Dil Bahadur Khatri, Keshav Kanel, Rajendra Pradhan, Bhaskar Karky, Ujjwal P. Pradhan and Seema Karki 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 88
Considering these conditions, Nepal would not benefit from REDD alone and therefore should be lobbying for REDD+, which includes enhancing carbon stocks, and even REDD++ which looks at carbon in all land uses. A critical issue is that since millions of small farmers and other rural inhabitants interact with land in a variety of ways for multiple objectives, a simple distinction of 'forest' or 'non-forest' has little relevance. The attempt is for payments for sustainable land use with productive conservation where net biological productivity will be enhanced, while also allowing flexibility for local forest owners to adapt to changing conditions affecting needs, preferences and values.

There are limitations to a sole focus on forest-based mitigation approaches such as REDD and hence the proposition of a broader concept of reducing emissions from all land uses (REALU). The narrow focus on forest-based REDD omits agriculture and therefore misses huge opportunities. Similarly, it fails to address many technical issues, such as leakage and permanence, and so would be unable to effectively curb emissions in the long term. A more comprehensive approach including all land uses will minimise technical errors and effectively reduce emissions. This report attempts to resolve the apparent dichotomy between adaptation and mitigation by highlighting how sustainable resources management simultaneously reduces emissions, enhances food security and increases ecosystem resilience. The mosaic of farm and forests and traditional integrated farming provides a unique context where mitigation and adaptation go together.]]> Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Paudel NS, Ojha H, Khatri DB, Kanel K, Pradhan R, Karky B, Pradhan UP and Karki S. Moving Beyond REDD: Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses in Nepal. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 88 p. 2494 PP 299 PP0299-10 Caroline Duque-Piñon, Delia Catacutan, Beria Leimona, Emma Abasolo, Meine van Noordwijk and Lydia Tiongco 2010 CAPRi Workshop on Collective Action, Property Rights, and Conflict in Natural Resources Management World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Phillipines 1-17 Sustaining the environmental, social and economic development in Manupali watershed in southern Philippines is highly dependent on fair allocation of water use rights and judicious utilization of water as a scarce resource. There are many stakeholders and water users: smallholder farmers, indigenous people, multi-national companies, the local government, National Irrigation Administration, and the National Power Corporation. As demand for water outstrips supply, conflict arises between different user-groups over who can use water and how much each can use. This paper reports on initial results of on-going studies that examine water rights and land use change, to negotiate for better co-investment in managing watershed. A key issue in Manupali is the overlap in ?water rights?, which is a privilege the government grants to use and further appropriate water. To avoid hostile confrontation between different user-groups and to manage competition of water use, some user-groups came up with voluntary agreements for water rights sharing. Viewed in terms of cooperation and collective action, these voluntary agreements facilitated conflict management of a disputed natural resource, but fairness and equity dimensions are in question, as the cooperating user groups extract benefits from non-cooperators who may suffer the consequence of protecting the upper watershed to maintain water supply. Supported by watershed hydrological data on water balance and its land use patterns, this paper argued that collective action at watershed scale is needed to ensure that benefits are fairly shared by both water users and producers. Water rights, water allocation, water conflict, cooperation, collective action Philippines English 2492 LE 172 LE0172-10 Analysis of Land Use and Cover Trajectory (ALUCT) Sonya Dewi and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Analysis of Land Use and Cover Trajectory (ALUCT) can go beyond direct visual interpretation of geogle earth and quantify change. ALUCT has four stages work flow as follow: (1) Clarification of the questions; (2) Image acquisition and pre-processing; (3) Image classification based on ground-truth sample points and/or pre-established spatial patterns; and (4) Post interpretation analysis focussed on the research questions of interest. This tool is an important part of several of the TUL-SEA Tools, including the RaCSA, RHA and RABA (rapid appraisal of carbon stocks, hydrology and agrobiodiversity, respectively) methods. It also forms the basis of scenario studies (FALLOW), land tenure claim appraisal (RATA) and analysis of the drivers of land use change (DriLUC). Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Ekadinata A. 2010. Analysis of Land Use and Cover Trajectory (ALUCT). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 2491 LE 171 LE0171-10 FlowPer: Indicator of Watershed Quality Meine van Noordwijk and Lisa Tanika 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In the analysis of watershed functions, we deal with complex factors that influence processes and patterns in the landscape that ultimately translate a temporal pattern of rainfall into a temporal pattern of stream flow, which aggregates up to a river. Downstream stakeholders start from what they want to see (?perfectly regular flow of clean water?) and observe a pattern of stream and river flow that doesn?t match their expectations. They search for interventions in the ?anthropogenic? groups of causes (deforestation, land degradation), but need to understand the potential reach of such interventions, given the geological and climatic background. In the absence of knowledge of what happens upstream, an observer of river flow can deduce a fair amount of information from a time series of river flow data. The FlowPer model is focused on that. It can serve two functions: 1) summarize the key parameters that downstream stakeholders can observe on the flow pattern, for example, as a basis for conditional rewards for providing environmental services; and 2) serve as a parsimonious (parameter-sparse) ?null model? that allows quantification of the increments in model prediction that is achieved with spatially explicit models (with parameterization first rather than parameter tuning to the data). Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Tanika L. 2010. FlowPer: Indicator of Watershed Quality. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2490 JA 390 JA0390-10 Potential of Community-Based Forest Management to Mitigate Climate Change in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Remedios S. Evangelista and Florencia B Pulhin 2010 Small-scale Forestry Steve Harrison, John Herbohn 2010 9 4 429-443 Community-based forest management (CBFM) is the principal strategy in managing inhabited ?forest land? in the Philippines. It involves the participation of local communities in various forestry activities to achieve sustainable forestry, advance social justice and improve socioeconomic welfare, and promote a stable and healthy environment. This paper analyses the potential benefits of agroforestry farms in CBFM sites to mitigate climate change. The incorporation of trees in farms and landscapes has led to enhanced carbon storage and sequestration. Half a million hectares of agroforestry farms in CBFM sites in the Philippines are estimated to store 25 MtC while sequestering 2.7 MtC annually. Lessons are drawn from three carbon sequestration projects under development using CBFM as the main approach. Income from carbon credits is not sufficient to recover the cost of tree planting. The transaction costs of forestry CDM projects are substantial and could prove to be the greatest barrier to project fruition. Government institutions must find ways to encourage project developers by simplifying rules and regulations for forestry carbon projects. Forest definition must be assessed. Project developers and the government could also explore the voluntary carbon market which is more flexible than the CDM market. Policy and technical studies must be conducted to ascertain the potential of the REDD for CBFM sites in the country. Community-based forest management, Carbon credits, Clean development mechanism DOI 10.1007/s11842-010-9132-0 Philippines English Lasco RD, Evangelista RS and Pulhin FB. 2010. Potential of Community-Based Forest Management to Mitigate Climate Change in the Philippines. Small-scale Forestry. 9(4):P. 429-443. GRP 5 2489 PO 281 PO0281-10 From open access to common pool resource: effect of organic certification of NTFP in Yan Mei, Mithoefer Dagmar, Yang Yanping and Huang Jiacong 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Mei Y, Dagmar M, Yanping Y and Jiacong H. From open access to common pool resource: effect of organic certification of NTFP in. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. 2488 PO 280 PO0280-10 Participatory agroforestry development in DPR Korea Xu Jianchu and Jun He 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Xu Jianchu and He J. Participatory agroforestry development in DPR Korea. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 2 2487 PO 279 PO0279-10 The role of tree crops in local adaptations to climate variability in the Himalayas: Case studies in China, Nepal and Pakistan Yufang Su, Juliet Lu, Sujata Manandhar and Ashiq Ahmad Khan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Yufang S, Lu J, Manandhar S and Khan AA. The role of tree crops in local adaptations to climate variability in the Himalayas: Case studies in China, Nepal and Pakistan. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 5 2486 PO 278 PO0278-10 China?s Transition to Sustainable Agriculture: Understanding Fertilizer Use in Yunnan Province, China Yunju Li, Fredrich Kahrl, David Roland-Holst, Su Yufang and Xu Jianchu 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Yunju L, Kahrl F, Roland-Holst D, Yufang S and Xu Jianchu . China’s Transition to Sustainable Agriculture: Understanding Fertilizer Use in Yunnan Province, China. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 6 2485 PO 277 PO0277-10 Redefining priorities and reassigning responsibilities for forest management in Doi Mae Salong, Northern Thailand Sona Shakya and Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Shakya S and Schmidt-Vogt D. Redefining priorities and reassigning responsibilities for forest management in Doi Mae Salong, Northern Thailand. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 2 2484 PO 276 PO0276-10 Land Use Mapping by Remote Sensing with Object-based Method in Upper Mekong Region Chen Huafang, Philip Beckschafer, Yu Haiying, Yunju Li, Sha Wen and Liu Wenjun 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Huafang C, Beckschafer P, Haiying Y, Yunju L, Wen S and Wenjun L. Land Use Mapping by Remote Sensing with Object-based Method in Upper Mekong Region. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 6 2483 PO 275 PO0275-10 Three rivers rangeland carbon sequestration project Andreas Wilkes, Zhang Zhicai and Wang Shiping 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China China Science Forum 2010 China English Wilkes A, Zhicai Z and Shiping W. Three rivers rangeland carbon sequestration project. : Science Forum 2010China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2010. GRP 5 2482 PO 274 PO0274-10 Can REDD payment alone protect the forest? Hoang Minh Ha, Do Trong Hoan, Matilda Palm, Nguyen Thanh Xuan, Doan Diem, Hoang Thi Van Anh, Meine van Noordwijk and Peter Akong Minang 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Science Forum 2010 Vietnam can be seen as a ?nutshell? of this situation, with parts of the country that resemble Indonesia?s net deforestation pattern, and parts that resemble China?s net increase in forest area (and reduction in forests carbon-stock).
Vietnam was one of the first countries to turn the corner on ?forest transition? without having first completely depleted the forest. However, while reported forest area increased, net emissions continued to rise as carbon-rich forest was lost and plantations of low carbon-stock were added.
Current REDD+ activities in Vietnam mainly focus on Reference Emission Level; Monitoring, Reporting and Verification; Benefit Distribution System and capacity building.]]> Vietnam English Hoang MH, Do Trong H, Palm M, Thanh Xuan N, Doan D, Thi Van Anh H, van Noordwijk M and Minang PA. Can REDD payment alone protect the forest?. : Science Forum 2010Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2010. GRP 5 2481 PO 273 PO0273-10 Pathways for Agroforestry Development in North-West Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha, Marc Dumas-Johansen, Ann Degrande, Luu thi Thu Giang and Antoine Kalinganire 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Science Forum 2010 Research ideas for bringing trees back to the landscape for more sustainable farming are under development by the World Agroforestry Centre Vietnam and its national partners as a part of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) program in the area. The role of trees in increasing income to local farmers, either directly or indirectly through livestock, and at the same time improving soil and water quality, is a focus of the program. A scoping study has been being carried out by the Centre?s interdisciplinary team that includes international and national experts . Begining in May 2010, we have worked in three provinces, with a focus on Son La province (Map 1). The methods used are reviews, interviews, field visits and workshops with local stakeholders including local government, research institutes, universities and farmers]]> Vietnam English Hoang MH, Dumas-Johansen M, Degrande A, Thu Giang Lt and Kalinganire A. Pathways for Agroforestry Development in North-West Vietnam. : Science Forum 2010Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2010. GRP 1, GRP 2 2480 PO 272 PO0272-10 Bundling of payments/rewards for environmental services A viable incentive system under development in the uplands of Northern Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha, Dinh Ngoc Lan, Hoang Van Giap and Nguyen van Nam 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Science Forum 2010 A viable incentive system that contains rewards, payments and livelihood options??bundling? payments for ecosystem services or ?co-investment for PES??being developed in Ba Be district, Bac Kan province, is an option to this limitation (Photo 1). Bac Kan was chosen owing to it 40% poverty rate, 55% forest cover and complex landscape .]]> Vietnam English Hoang MH, Dinh NL, Van Giap H and van Nam N. Bundling of payments/rewards for environmental services A viable incentive system under development in the uplands of Northern Vietnam. : Science Forum 2010Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2010. GRP 6 2479 PO 271 PO0271-10 Cutting Propagation of Rare Tree Species for Forest Restoration in Northern Thailand Anantika Ratnamhin, Stephen Elliott and Prasit Wangpakapattanawong 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Thailand Thailand Science Forum 2010 Thailand English Ratnamhin A, Elliott S and Wangpakapattanawong P. Cutting Propagation of Rare Tree Species for Forest Restoration in Northern Thailand. : Science Forum 2010Thailand. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Thailand. 2010. GRP 1 2478 PO 270 PO0270-10 Conflict, Cooperation and Collective Action Land use, water rights and water scarcity in Manupali watershed, Southern Philippines Caroline Duque-Piñon, Delia Catacutan, Beria Leimona, Emma Abasolo, Meine van Noordwijk and Lydia Tiongco 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010 Water is essential to human survival. It is also indispensable to livelihoods and most forms of economic production. However, access, allocation and use of water can create conflict. While conflicts at the national and international levels vary from policies affecting water management to transboundary issues, water access dominates conflicts at the local level, which are often direct and can spill over into wider-scale violence. In many cases, political, socio-economic and cultural factors determine the complexity of these water conflicts. Resolving water conflict can be complicated and take a lot of time. Hence, some water users opt for simple compromises to settle disputes between them through collective action and cooperative agreements. Philippines English Duque-Piñon C, Catacutan D, Leimona B, Abasolo E, van Noordwijk M and Tiongco L. Conflict, Cooperation and Collective Action Land use, water rights and water scarcity in Manupali watershed, Southern Philippines. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 6 2477 PO 269 PO0269-10 Ecosystem-based mitigation and adaptation (EBMA): exploring the synergies in agroforestry Rodel D. Lasco and Rafaela Jane Delfino 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010
The rural poor in developing countries are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Ecosystem services help improves human wellbeing and may enhance resilience and reduce risk for local communities.

Ecosystems provide a venue where the synergies between adaptation and mitigation can be optimized and trade-offs reduced.

There are two options to address climate change:
(1) Mitigation
(2) Adaptation

Historically, both has been treated separately due to its differences in spatial, temporal and sectoral scales. However, there has been recent focus in research and policy on synergies between adaptation and mitigation that will provide for win-win solutions. However, there is still the need to look more into the synergies and conflicts at different scales.]]> Philippines English Lasco RD and Delfino RJ. Ecosystem-based mitigation and adaptation (EBMA): exploring the synergies in agroforestry. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 5 2476 PO 268 PO0268-10 Rewards for environmental services and benefits to the poorLessons from Asia Beria Leimona and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
Rewards for environmental services (RES) link global priorities on poverty reduction and environmental sustainability and are designed to balance effectiveness and efficiency with fairness and pro-poor characteristics.]]> Southeast Asia English Leimona B and van Noordwijk M. Rewards for environmental services and benefits to the poorLessons from Asia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2475 PO 267 PO0267-10 Are conditional and realistic REDD + mechanism feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: II. Option for setting up reference emission level for REDD+ within REALU in Berau, East Kalimantan Sonya Dewi and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 In respond to the opportunity of developing REDD pilot areas in Indonesia, the district government of Berau has formed a task-force to discuss the potentiality of district-level involvement in developing pilot areas. Our previous study showed that the overall annual emission of Berau in 1990-2008 is 9.2Mg CO -eq/Ha.Year, 2 with more than 50% emission came from forest zone. The remaining question is how to set up a reference emission level for Berau under the lack of policy and guidelines for national and local government. Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Ekadinata A. Are conditional and realistic REDD + mechanism feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: II. Option for setting up reference emission level for REDD+ within REALU in Berau, East Kalimantan. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 5 2474 PO 266 PO0266-10 Dynamics and Trajectories of Rubber Agroforestin BungoDistrict, Jambi: Assessment for the Potentials of Eco-certification M. Thoha Zulkarnain, Andree Ekadinata and Atiek Widayati 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 The high pressure of land use change that has occurred in Sumatera, Indonesia, reduces forest cover. However, various land uses that replace forest are considered to be able to preserve some of forest ecological functions. Rubber agroforest, a traditional extensive rubber cultivation system,has the capacity to support species diversity in an impoverished landscape currently dominated by monoculture plantation (Figure 1).Currently, ICRAF conducts a study to observe the dynamics and trajectories of rubber agroforestin BungoDistrict, Jambi over time and space using remote sensing data and spatial analysis. The outputs are expected to contribute to the discussions towards rubber eco-certification in Jambi Province. Southeast Asia English Zulkarnain MT, Ekadinata A and Widayati A. Dynamics and Trajectories of Rubber Agroforestin BungoDistrict, Jambi: Assessment for the Potentials of Eco-certification. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2473 PO 265 PO0265-10 Are conditional and realistic REDD + mechanism feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: I. Estimation of land use, land use change and forestry carbon emission of Berau District, East Kalimantan Andree Ekadinata, Zuraidah Said and Sonya Dewi 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 From UNFCCC COP-13 meeting in Bali in 2007, countries agreed that there was an urgent need to take further meaningful action to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The demonstration activities of REDD (Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Degradation) is being implemented by many tropical countries worldwide. Measurement/ monitoring, Reporting and Verification are the integral part of implementing REDD. Historical emissions are needed to assess the additional of REDD implementation as well as in setting up Reference Emission Level or Reference Level. Prior to any REDD implementation, estimates of historical emissions are useful to assess whether a REDD project or program is feasible or not. Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A, Said Z and Dewi S. Are conditional and realistic REDD + mechanism feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: I. Estimation of land use, land use change and forestry carbon emission of Berau District, East Kalimantan. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2472 PO 264 PO0264-10 Landscape dynamics over time and space from ecological perspective Andree Ekadinata, Sonya Dewi and Jean-Laurent Pfund 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Methodological approaches to biodiversity studies in a multifunctional landscape need to consider the dynamics of land cover and land uses over space in order to capture ecological process, such as habitat fragmentation and matrix effects. Remote sensing and GIS toolsis instrumental in capturing the complex dynamics of tropical landscapes and in communicating the results to decision-makers. Further, spatial analysis can deriveindices to quantify patterns of composition and configuration of patches in a landscape. This study will address landscape dynamics over time and space with explicit links to the interface between livelihood and biodiversity in 5 study areas of the project: Indonesia (Bungo), Laos (Viengkham), Madagascar (Manompana), Cameroon (Takamanda Mone) and Tanzania (East Usambara). Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A, Dewi S and Pfund J. Landscape dynamics over time and space from ecological perspective. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2471 PO 263 PO0263-10 Spatial analysis as a basis for enhancing environmental service and sustainable development Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, Feri Johana and Atiek Widayati 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
Remotely sensed data are used to evaluate land cover based on the appearance of land surface in one particular time. Specifically designed sensors can generate data that are used to derive elevation maps, hot spots, wind direction etc. The scope of SALA embraces land use/cover change and trajectories (ALUCT) and spatial planning for sustainable development (I3SPA). Basically for the environmental services for sustainable development application, remotely sensed data are the sources of time-series land cover maps, of which environmental services in the forms of watershed protection, biodiversity maintenance and climate change mitigation are strongly related with. A set of base maps that is aligned with the remotely sensed data is necessary as additional data to interpret the remotely sensed data, to quantify temporal changes in the same location, and to combine the land cover maps with other factors to quantify and qualify environmental services and livelihood provision. For more specific application, further modeling and analysis are often necessary. SALA produces the main data input for other TULSEA series, i.e., RaBA, RaTA, RaCSA, RHA, DriLUC.]]> Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Johana F and Widayati A. Spatial analysis as a basis for enhancing environmental service and sustainable development. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2470 PO 262 PO0262-10 Land use change and forest degradation in Sumatran orangutan habitats and the opportunity cost of CO2 emissions Atiek Widayati, Andree Ekadinata and Made Hesti Lestari Tata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 CO2emissionsLandscape arrangements for biodiversity preservation and human livelihood recognise?segregate? and ?integrate? approaches. Segregation approach has issues of boundaries that in many cases are contested among stakeholders.The more integrated and gradual transition from natural forest to human habitat has survived through the maintenance of the ecosystem services, like regularity of water flow and other services that the forest provides. Such bundled services may strengthen the arguments to conserve forest flora and fauna habitats, but yet remain unassessed. Southeast Asia English Widayati A, Ekadinata A and Tata MH. Land use change and forest degradation in Sumatran orangutan habitats and the opportunity cost of CO2 emissions. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2469 PO 261 PO0261-10 Understanding local perception on low carbon development: the case of Gorontalo and Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Jusupta Tarigan, Andree Ekadinata, Atiek Widayati and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 The Indonesia government has targeted to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation around 26%; The implementation should be rational and reasonable because it can interfere with national development plans, particularly in sub national level. Preparation of a national strategy to reduce emissions at the national level will also affect the sub-national. That requires an analysis of land use and land cover change that incorporated with many aspects. Through Accountability and Local Level Initiatives to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Indonesia(ALLREDDI) project we try to assist local government in 5 provinces of Indonesia to account for their reference emission level. This is an ongoing activities. In this poster we are going to describe some of the result in Gorontalo and South Kalimantan Southeast Asia English Tarigan J, Ekadinata A, Widayati A and Suyanto S. Understanding local perception on low carbon development: the case of Gorontalo and Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2468 PO 260 PO0260-10 Biodiversity and climate change in dynamic landscapes of Indonesia Sonya Dewi and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Indonesia had been identified as the third largest GHG emitter world-wide. More than 50% of the emission was rooted from LULUCF, and a large part of it was related with peat burning, draining and conversion. As the second biodiversity rich country with largest tropical peat land in the world, but at the same time experiencing unprecedented forest extraction and forest conversion, Indonesia has a very important role in delivering some ecosystem services to the global community. Forest extraction and conversion are integral parts of land transformation that is often complex and non-linear, and more over, very variable across Indonesia. At the national level, landscape transformation is driven by international market, global/regional climate, such as El Nino that leads to forest fire, and is an aggregated manifestation of local drivers and activities. Integrated assessment of the impacts of LULUCF on emissions and habitat fragmentation within several global priority ecoregion in Indonesia is necessary to find spaces for harmonizing efforts on climate change mitigation, biodiversity maintenance and sustainable development. Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Ekadinata A. Biodiversity and climate change in dynamic landscapes of Indonesia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2467 PO 259 PO0259-10 Nation-wide analysis of Indonesia land cover change and above ground carbon stock dynamics Andree Ekadinata, Sonya Dewi and Saipul Rahman 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Indonesia has been the center of attention in the current debate of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradation .Over the past decade it is regarded as the country with the third country of highest emissions although there is considerable debate and uncertainty over the figures. Recently, Indonesia has been taking an active role in the discussion on fair and efficient mechanisms and economic incentives to reduce emissions. Unfortunately, credible carbon accounting system that should serve as the basis carbon incentives negotiation is still not available. More over, data to calculate historic emission as a basis for reference emission level setting are known to have high uncertainty. Through ALREDDI (Accountability and Local Level Initiative to Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Degradation in Indonesia) project funded by European Union (EU), we assist Indonesian government in accounting for land-use based greenhouse gas emissions. Southeast Asia English Ekadinata A, Dewi S and Rahman S. Nation-wide analysis of Indonesia land cover change and above ground carbon stock dynamics. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 5 2466 PO 258 PO0258-10 Is Understory Vegetable Production in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems a Viable Option? Gerhard Manurung, James M Roshetko, Anas Susila, Denta Anggakusuma and Arif Rahmanulloh 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Farmers in Nanggung, West Java traditionally cultivate vegetables under full sunlight. Few farmers (11%) have experience with intercropping vegetables and tree crops. An on-farm trial was implemented to evaluate the production of seven commercial vegetable species under three light levels as the treatment in a nested design. Southeast Asia English Gerhard Manurung G, Roshetko JM, Susila A, Anggakusuma D and Rahmanulloh A. Is Understory Vegetable Production in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems a Viable Option?. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 2 2465 PO 257 PO0257-10 Smallholder Vegetable Cultivation: Challenges in Sustaining Commercial Production and Market Links James M Roshetko, Iwan Kurniawan and Suseno Budidarsono 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 This poster reports on how smallholder farmers can establish commercially oriented systems and maintain market links. Smallholder vegetable producers in Nanggung sub-district face some major uncertainties which impose difficult planning horizons. Product prices often vary day to day, seasonally and year to year; yields vary from season to season; planting and harvesting times may vary considerably due to inconsistent weather patterns. Price uncertainty is a result of the biological lag time between planning, production, harvestand sale. In many cases, vegetables are ready to harvest but the crop does not meet market specifications or insects and disease cause significant damage and loss of marketability. The World Agroforestry Centre and Winrock International conducted action research in Nanggungsub-district, Bogor district, West Java, to reach motivated and innovative farmers who were committed to improving their incomes by increasing the production and market access of their agroforestry products, specifically commodities produced in vegetable agroforestry systems (VAFs). Activities were conducted as part of the Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asian Watershedsproject supported by the USAID-funded Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program (SANREM-CRSP.) Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM, Kurniawan I and Budidarsono S. Smallholder Vegetable Cultivation: Challenges in Sustaining Commercial Production and Market Links. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 1, GRP 3 2464 PO 256 PO0256-10 Forest Carbon Project in Quirino Province, Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Luzon, Philippines Raquel C. Lopez, Rodel D. Lasco, John Acay Jr, Estrella Passion and Yoji Natori 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010 The Sierra Madre, home to nearly half the country's forest is essential habitat for threatened species.
The SMBC encompasses 1.4 million hectares of land, where the country?s remaining old-growth forests can be found. It is the longest mountain range in the country, measuring about 500 kilometers long. It is an important habitat to more than 400 species of wildlife, which 153 species are only found in the country. It also serves as a watershed for the region, supplying water for hydroelectric generation and household and agricultural use.
CI-Philippines Forest Carbon Project in Sierra Madre is being established at 2 locations- within Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL) at Quirino province and within Pe�ablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape (PPLS) at Cagayan province. These two locations form part of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor (SMBC).
In Qurino province, CI worked with local and national governments in collaboration with communities and the private sector, to establish the 175,000 hectare-Quirino Protected Landscape.]]> Philippines English Lopez RC, Lasco RD, Acay Jr J, Passion E and Natori Y. Forest Carbon Project in Quirino Province, Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Luzon, Philippines. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 5 2463 PO 255 PO0255-10 The Ikalahan Ancestral Domain Proposed Forest Carbon Development Raquel C. Lopez, Emma Abasolo, Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D. Lasco 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010 They were considered squatters until they organized and gained tenure over the lands through a Memorandum of Agreement between the Kalahan Education Foundation (KEF) representing the Ikalahan and the government through the-then Bureau of Forest Development. Nearly 15 000 ha of the Ancestral Domain Claim was designated as the Kalahan Reserve. The Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) was issued in 1999, and the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) was issued in 2005.]]> Philippines English Lopez RC, Abasolo E, Villamor GB and Lasco RD. The Ikalahan Ancestral Domain Proposed Forest Carbon Development. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 6 2462 PO 254 PO0254-10 Proposed Forest Carbon Development Project at Arakan Forest Corridor Raquel C. Lopez, Jayson C. Ibañez and Rodel D. Lasco 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010
After commercial logging (1960s-1980s) and agriculture encroaching the logged-over areas, only isolated fragments of forest cover remain in the mountain ranges of Sinaka, Mahuson and Kabalantiian-Binoongan-Kulaman (KABIKU), which are home to important wildlife species such as the IUCN ?critically endangered? Philippine eagle and the ?vulnerable? Philippine hawk eagle Spizaetus philippensis.

Though relatively small, Sinaka is regarded as one of the world?s important bird areas because of the relatively high proportion of unique and threatened species it contains. Mahuson has also a unique mammalian population, exemplified by a new species of fruit bat, the Philippine large-headed fruit bat. Since at least 1992, two wild pairs of Philippine eagles have been breeding on mounts Sinaka and in Mahuson. In 1993, the Philippine eagle ?Kahayag? was retrieved from an old nest tree at the KABIKU forest.]]> Philippines English Lopez RC, Ibañez JC and Lasco RD. Proposed Forest Carbon Development Project at Arakan Forest Corridor. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 5 2461 PO 253 PO0253-10 Mount Kitanglad Range Proposed Forest Carbon Development Raquel C. Lopez, Felix S Mirasol Jr., Benedicto Golosino and Rodel D. Lasco 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010 MKR has unique ecological features, such as connected landscapes and an immense natural diversity of flora and fauna, combined with a unique interplay of cultural communities that contributes significantly to the national economy and heritage. However, the ecologically important features are threatened.
To provide legal basis for pursuing actions for conservation and protection, the MKR area was proclaimed a national park by Presidential Proclamation No. 667 on December 14, 1990. It was reclassified as a natural park by Presidential Proclamation No. 896 in 1996. It became a fully fledged protected area as Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park through the Republic Act 8978, known as the Mount Kitanglad Act of 2000.]]> Southeast Asia English Lopez RC, Mirasol Jr. FS, Golosino B and Lasco RD. Mount Kitanglad Range Proposed Forest Carbon Development. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 5 2460 PO 252 PO0252-10 Smallholders Forest Carbon Development in the Philippines Raquel C. Lopez, Paul L.G. Vlek, Dennis P Garrity and Rodel D. Lasco 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines Science Forum 2010
The challenge of forest carbon development on denuded ?forest frontiers? is the re- egetation of the area purely with indigenous, native/endemic tree species applying the ?rainforestation strategy, especially in biodiversity hotspots and critical watershed areas. The agroforestry system strategy is most likely the option to be adopted in the ?forest-agricultural mosaic? and ?agricultural lowlands?.]]> Philippines English Lopez RC, Vlek PL, Garrity DP and Lasco RD. Smallholders Forest Carbon Development in the Philippines. : Science Forum 2010Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 2010. GRP 5 2459 PO 251 PO0251-10 Consumer Preference for Indigenous Vegetables Lia Dahlia, Iwan Kurniawan, Denta Anggakusuma and James M Roshetko 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 In the past, Indonesian agriculture has provided an important contribution to local livelihoods and the national economy, accounting for 13.8% of gross national product (BPS, 2008). It is estimated that there are 24 million ha of underutilized dryagricultural land in Indonesia. Poor households living in those areas have a high level of dependency on agriculture because thenon-agricultural economy is not well developed. It is crucial that the government implement policies that stimulate and diversify smallholder agricultural, horticultural and livestock sectors, including the rehabilitation of private land with high-value timber and fruit tree species. If supported, smallholder sectors can contribute to reducing rural poverty and strengthening the national economy. A research study was conducted in and around Bogor, West Java, to document consumer knowledge, preferences and consumption behavior in relation to four indigenous vegetables?katuk, kucai, honjeand tebu telor?and inform stakeholders of opportunities for commercialization. Southeast Asia English Dahlia L, Kurniawan I, Anggakusuma D and Roshetko JM. Consumer Preference for Indigenous Vegetables. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 3 2458 PO 250 PO0250-10 Principles for Fairness and Efficiency in Enhancing Environmental Services in AsiaPayments, Compensation, or Co-Investment? Meine van Noordwijk and Beria Leimona 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 The term ?Payments for Environmental Services? (PES) has rapidly gained popularity, with its focus on market-based mechanisms for enhancing environmental services (ES). Current use of the term, however, covers a broad spectrum of interactions between ES suppliers and beneficiaries. A broader class of mechanisms pursues ES enhancement through compensation or rewards (Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services (CRES)). Such mechanisms can be analyzed on the basis of how they meet four conditions: Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary and Pro-poor. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. Principles for Fairness and Efficiency in Enhancing Environmental Services in AsiaPayments, Compensation, or Co-Investment?. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2457 PO 249 PO0249-10 Gender Equality in Rewards for Environmental Services Schemes in Indonesia Beria Leimona and Siti Amanah 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 A rewards for environmental services scheme is a mechanism to connect between environmental service providers and their beneficiaries through the flow of environmental services and rewards. Trust and strong social capital are needed to ensure success , but need nurturing and maintenance by stakeholders involved. Gender equality between community members?both for males and females?is a pre-requisite and further guarantees solid social interaction. Southeast Asia English Leimona B and Amanah S. Gender Equality in Rewards for Environmental Services Schemes in Indonesia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2456 PO 248 PO0248-10 RaTA: Identifying the Nature of Land Tenure Conflicts Gamma Galudra and Ujjwal P. Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 It explores competing claims among different actors who hold different rights and powers because the claims are often related to changing land tenure policies developed in different historical periods and for varying purposes.
By analyzing the roles of policies in land conflicts and competing claims, RaTA can offer policy options and interventions as alternative means to settle land conflicts.]]> Southeast Asia English Galudra G and Pradhan UP. RaTA: Identifying the Nature of Land Tenure Conflicts. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2455 PO 247 PO0247-10 Are conditional and realistic REDD+ mechanisms feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: II. Profitability Analysis of Land Use Systems at District Level in REDD+ Feasibility Arif Rahmanulloh, Suseno Budidarsono and Muhammad Sofiyuddin 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
To quantify economic return of each main land use systems in Berau district, it provides clear comparison of benefit accepted by the people, operators or other parties affected by designed land-use change intervention (REDD+)]]> Southeast Asia English Rahmanulloh A, Budidarsono S and Sofiyuddin M. Are conditional and realistic REDD+ mechanisms feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: II. Profitability Analysis of Land Use Systems at District Level in REDD+ Feasibility. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2454 PO 246 PO0246-10 Are conditional and realistic REDD+ mechanisms feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: III. Opportunity Cost Analysis Of REDD+ at The District Level Arif Rahmanulloh, Sonya Dewi, Suseno Budidarsono and Zuraidah Said 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
A pilot area for REDD implementation can help address the last issue and is very attractive, not only for gaining in-situ project experience, but also for the potential lessons learned and resultant multiplier effects

The scoping study for REDD pilot area should test the feasibility of REDD from all three criteria: conditionality, realistic and voluntary criteria]]> Southeast Asia English Rahmanulloh A, Dewi S, Budidarsono S and Said Z. Are conditional and realistic REDD+ mechanisms feasible? A case of a rich forested district in Indonesia: III. Opportunity Cost Analysis Of REDD+ at The District Level. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2453 PO 245 PO0245-10 Is it Feasible?REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA) in Lamandauwildlife reserve, Indonesia Janudianto, Laxman Joshi, Elok Mulyoutami, Muhammad Sofiyuddin, Suseno Budidarsono, Gamma Galudra, Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, M. Thoha Zulkarnain, Subekti Rahayu, Rachmat Mulia, Ni'matul Khasanah and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
The LamandauRiver Wildlife Reserve (LRWR or ?the reserve?) forest conservation and community development project is one of a portfolio of four REDD+ projects being supported by the Clinton Climate Initiative?Forestry program, ?Addressing the challenges of scaling-pp REDD+ activities in Indonesia?.

REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA) were used as the framework for studying the key livelihoods, land-use change, carbon stock and tenure issues to develop prospective scenarios and impact predictions for the eastern buffer area of the reserve (23600ha).]]> Southeast Asia English Janudianto, Joshi L, Mulyoutami E, Sofiyuddin M, Budidarsono S, Galudra G, Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Zulkarnain MT, Rahayu S, Mulia R, Khasanah N and van Noordwijk M. Is it Feasible?REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA) in Lamandauwildlife reserve, Indonesia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 5 2452 PO 244 PO0244-10 Benzoin gardens in the forest edge of North Sumatera Yuliana Wulan, Elok Mulyoutami and Endri Martini 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 AssessmentBenzoinresin (?Kemenyan? in BahasaIndonesia) which mainly produced from Sumatra benzoin(Styraxsumatrana) are very important for people who live in and near forests in BatangToru. It provides cash income for many farmers in the region. The harvesting of the product requires relatively small or no capital which is why many poor people engage in these activities. It also involves low impact on environment. Benzoinresin was mainly exported to Middle East countries as preservative ingredient and as incense for cosmetics, perfumes, cigarettes purposes. The benzointrees have been culturally important and being used to indicate the ownership of the land. Historically, many benzoinin North Sumatera regions were planted in early Indonesian Independence period (around 1945) to secure forest lands. Nowadays they are mostly abandoned since the price of the resin continue to decline. Some of the gardens revert back to forest and some others converted into rubber or coffee cultivation. Nevertheless, benzoinresin are still important products in North Sumatra and nearly 65% poor farmers in the regions relying on this commodity. Southeast Asia English Wulan Y, Mulyoutami E and Martini E. Benzoin gardens in the forest edge of North Sumatera. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 2 2451 PO 243 PO0243-10 Gender and Income Equity in Social Forestry Programs Noviana Khususiyah, R. Yana Buana and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
Available land for agriculture in Java is limited. More than 50% of its forest is managed by PerumPerhutani(State Forest Company). Farmers have limited access to this land. Nevertheless, due to economic pressure and lack of governance during the krismon(monetary crisis) period, farmers? communities around state forest land opened up the areas. This led to conflict between Perum Perhutaniand farmers? communities in many parts of Java.]]> Southeast Asia English Khususiyah N, Buana RY and Suyanto S. Gender and Income Equity in Social Forestry Programs. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2450 PO 242 PO0242-10 Fair and efficient? How stakeholders view investments to avoid deforestation in Indonesia S. Suyanto and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 ?Fair and efficient REDD value chain allocation??(FERVA) is an experimental method to negotiate balance between fairness and efficiency across scales. Simultaneously achieving the twin goals of (1) fair and sustainable development and (2) efficient emission reduction is a matter of managing trade-offs. Southeast Asia English Suyanto S and van Noordwijk M. Fair and efficient? How stakeholders view investments to avoid deforestation in Indonesia. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2449 PO 241 PO0241-10 Watersheds degrade and this makes river flow less predictable: bigger floods and lower dry season flow ? but how to quantify? A parsimonious null model of flow persistence (FlowPer) links local knowledge to hard data Meine van Noordwijk, Lisa Tanika, Tonni Asmawan and Ni'matul Khasanah 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Landscapes translate a temporal pattern of rainfall into a temporal pattern of stream flow, which aggregates up to a river. Downstream stakeholders start from what they want to see (?perfectly regular flow of clean water?) and observe a pattern of stream and river flow that doesn?t match their expectations. They search for interventions on the ?anthropogenic? groups of causes (?deforestation?, ?degradation?), but need to understand the potential reach of such interventions, given the geological and climatic background. In the absence of knowledge of what happens upstream, an observer of river flow can deduce a fair amount of information from a time series of river flow data. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Tanika L, Asmawan T and Khasanah N. Watersheds degrade and this makes river flow less predictable: bigger floods and lower dry season flow – but how to quantify? A parsimonious null model of flow persistence (FlowPer) links local knowledge to hard data. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2448 PO 240 PO0240-10 Land Use Change and Local Communities Perception on Biodiversity Subekti Rahayu, Harti Ningsih, Sonya Dewi and Feri Johana 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 Variety of animals and plants that called BIODIVERSITY, play important role in ecosystem function and livelihood sustainability. Biodiversity become source of basic material for food, health, construction (light and heavy), fuel and fiber. Biodiversity product like timber, resin, fruits and honey become important source of income to community as timber and non timber forest product (NTFP). On the other hand, biodiversity has ecosystem services such as genetic resources, spiritual and religious value, aesthetic value, provision of habitat, nutrient cycling, water cycling, climate regulation, pollinators, seed dispersal, and any other services. Rapid and unprecedented land use changes have reduced significantly local and global biodiversity measures such as species number, relative abundance and compositions.Some indigenous species lost due to land use change and some introduced species replace it. Changing biodiversity affects ecosystem function and livelihood sustainability at the same time. While the effect on ecosystem function is mostly one way, the effect on livelihoods are confounding to the facts thatland use changes are driven and have consequences on livelihoods. Economic reason, of course, is main factor of land use change. Economic orientation of community is strongly influenced by infrastructure development condition in certain area, for example access to market. Forum group discussion in three different road access of villages conducted in Bungo District, Jambi, Sumatra to know: local perception of biodiversity function and in what land cover biodiversity and it function still found. Southeast Asia English Rahayu S, Ningsih H, Dewi S and Johana F. Land Use Change and Local Communities Perception on Biodiversity. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2447 PO 239 PO0239-10 Carbon and Watershed Functions as Conditionality for Community Forest Noviana Khususiyah, Subekti Rahayu, R. Yana Buana, Tonni Asmawan and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 ? The protected area in Sesaot, West Lombok, NTB, is managed by the local community as an important source of livelihoods and has potential for greater poverty alleviation. About 5950.18 ha of forest area, located in the upper part of Jangkok and Dodokan watershed, plays an important role in the supply of water to the city of Mataram and West and Central Lombok districts.
? Community forest (HKm) is forest management by local communities based on the forestry minister ?s regulation No. P37/ Menhut-II/2007. Sesaot is a reserved area with an area of 185 hectares and is part of a regional HKm program based on ministerial decree No. 445/Menhut-II/2009, August 4.]]> Southeast Asia English Khususiyah N, Rahayu S, Buana RY, Asmawan T and Suyanto S. Carbon and Watershed Functions as Conditionality for Community Forest. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2446 PO 238 PO0238-10 Exploration of tree management options to manipulate tree and crop interaction trade-off using WaNuLCAS model Ni'matul Khasanah, Betha Lusiana, Didik Suprayogo, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
Farmers managing such transitions must make strategic decisions (multi-year) on the choice of tree species, the number of trees per hectare and spacing; and tactical decisions (shorter term) on the choice of intercrops, tree canopy pruning and/or treeroot pruning.

We used a simulation model to explore these choices: the Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS ) model (van Noordwijk and Lusiana 1999; van Noordwijk et al 2004). The study was conducted in Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia.]]> Southeast Asia English Khasanah N, Lusiana B, Suprayogo D, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. Exploration of tree management options to manipulate tree and crop interaction trade-off using WaNuLCAS model. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 2 2445 PO 237 PO0237-10 Carbon footprint of Indonesian palm oil production: II. Study design and methodology Suseno Budidarsono, Andree Ekadinata, Ni'matul Khasanah, Subekti Rahayu and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010 ? Does current Indonesian palm oil production, on average, meet the standards for net emission reduction when used as biofuel?
? How can a palm oil production that meets the standards be identified and recognized?
? How can oil palm production affected the livelihood of people in its vicinity?]]> Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S, Ekadinata A, Khasanah N, Rahayu S and van Noordwijk M. Carbon footprint of Indonesian palm oil production: II. Study design and methodology. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2444 PO 236 PO0236-10 Carbon Footprint of Indonesian Palm Oil Production: I. a Pilot Study Sonya Dewi, Ni'matul Khasanah, Subekti Rahayu, Andree Ekadinata and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
Carbondioxide (CO2) and other GHG emissions can be attributed to three phases of the production process:
a. the initial conversion of preceding vegetation, usually based on 'land clearing', leading to a 'C debt?,
b. the balance of emission and absorption during the growth cycle of the oil palms, leading to a time-averaged C-stock that influences 'C debt' and repay time,
c. transport to the refinery followed by CPO and kernel production, transesterification into biofuel and further transport to the end users.

A comprehensive accounting system on carbon and other GHG emissions of biofuel production of oil palm has to include the whole life cycle assessment (LCA) through a life cycle inventory (LCI) (ISO, 1997).]]> Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Khasanah N, Rahayu S, Ekadinata A and van Noordwijk M. Carbon Footprint of Indonesian Palm Oil Production: I. a Pilot Study. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2443 PO 235 PO0235-10 Exploration of Landscape Dynamics in the Buffer Area of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and its neighboring area, Central Kalimantan, using the FALLOW model Rachmat Mulia, Ni'matul Khasanah, Meine van Noordwijk, Andree Ekadinata and M. Thoha Zulkarnain 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
As part of a feasibility study, the FALLOW (Forest, Agroforest, Lowvalue Land Or Waste?) modelling method developed by Van Noordwijk (2002) and Suyamto and others (2009) was used for exploring future landscape mosaics and the consequences of such for the economic and ecological performance not only of the buffer area but also for the LRWR and the two sub-districts of Arut Selatan and Kota Waringin Lama. The wider area study can help us understand the issues of leakage and additionality in relating human use of the landscape to carbon-stock changes.]]> Southeast Asia English Mulia R, Khasanah N, van Noordwijk M, Ekadinata A and Zulkarnain MT. Exploration of Landscape Dynamics in the Buffer Area of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and its neighboring area, Central Kalimantan, using the FALLOW model. : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2442 PO 234 PO0234-10 Carbon Stock Change Estimation in Buffer Area of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve using Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RACSA) Subekti Rahayu, Meine van Noordwijk, Laxman Joshi, Ni'matul Khasanah and Andree Ekadinata 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Science Forum 2010
As part of a comprehensive REDD feasibility study, the Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RACSA) method was used to explore the impacts of land-cover change on carbonstorage and to measure the change of carbon stocks over the past 15 years. The objectives this study were to estimate (1) aboveground carbon stock at plot level in representative land-cover classes; (2) belowground carbon stock at plot level, for peat as well as mineral soils; (3) the carbon emission and sequestration rate of the buffer area and its surrounding landscape (two sub-districts: Arut Selatan and Kota Waringin Lama); and (4) the feasible recovery rate of carbon stocks (under a REDD+ scheme that includes ?restoration?). Land-cover change was quantified using area-based change analysis and trajectory analysis methods. Information of changes was derived from land-cover maps constructed from satellite imagery from 1990, 2000 and 2005.]]> Southeast Asia English Rahayu S, van Noordwijk M, Joshi L, Khasanah N and Ekadinata A. Carbon Stock Change Estimation in Buffer Area of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve using Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RACSA). : Science Forum 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 5 2441 PB 13 PB0013-10 Stewardship Agreements to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) in Indonesia Ratna Akiefnawati, Grace B.Villamor, Asep Ayat, Gamma Galudra and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Bogor, Indonesia Policy Brief no 18 4 Conflicts over who controls the forests and forest margins is now widely recognized as a key issue that needs to be addressed if the world wants to see a reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation. Indonesia, the country with the highest carbon emissions from change in its forest cover, is now expressing global leadership in commitments to Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) that include forests, peatland and an increasing attention for the 'trees outside forest', in the form of agroforests and trees in agricultural landscapes. Agreements on stewardship in the forest margin are key to the success of such programs, but rules need to be simplified for wider application. Southeast Asia English 0 Akiefnawati R, Villamor GB, Ayat A, Galudra G and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Stewardship Agreements to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 4 p. 2440 RP 265 RP0265-10 Opportunities for reducing emissions from all land uses in Indonesia: policy analysis and case studies Meine van Noordwijk, Fahmuddin Agus, Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata, Hesti L. Tata, S. Suyanto, Gamma Galudra and Ujjwal Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 85
This report provides an overview at two levels: the national debate in Indonesia and a compilation of case studies of specific landscapes where the local context shapes the debate.

At the case study sites there is a chance to change current land-use practices in order to establish higher carbon stock landscapes?while also providing for human livelihoods?if appropriate incentives can be derived from international co-investment and policy instruments.

Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Indonesia exist across all sectors of the economy and across a wide geographic area. However, in the international discussion so far, only two aspects have been recognised: actions in the energy and industrial sector that can obtain support from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); and efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+). In theory, afforestation/reforestation following the Clean Development Mechanism?s afforestation/reforestation (A/R-CDM) rules can be supported, but in practice no single project in Indonesia has passed the screening filters and been submitted to the ?designated national authority? as an essential step towards international submission, review and approval.

All activity in enhancing tree-based carbon stocks has remained in the voluntary domain. A substantial part of Indonesia?s emissions derive from peatlands, some of which are within, and others outside of, the formal, government institutional ?forest? category and many other areas have contested status. Peatlands themselves need to be managed as hydrological entities if emissions are to be controlled and reduced.

Other aspects of land use on the edge of the REDD+ debate are the agroforests and tree-based landuse systems managed by farmers across Indonesia. While this vegetation usually meets international standards to be considered ?forest?, the institutional interpretation of forest in Indonesia implies loss of sovereignty for communities and farmers across the country and so they prefer naming their systems ?gardens?. The partial mismatch between the new international objective of emission reduction and the existing forest management institutions is part of the reason why efforts to ?reduce emissions from all land uses?, or REALU, is an alternative worth exploring.

At the national scale, three discussions have evolved, with little cross-reference so far.
1) REDD+ efforts, that received a boost in 2007 in the lead-up to the 13th Conference of Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Bali with the reports of the Indonesian Forest Climate Alliance;
2) The private sector and its trial-and-error approach to learning from emerging new standards for ?footprint? in international trade; and
3) The pioneer commitments from Indonesia in the nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA) arena, that found at least some recognition in the otherwise disappointing outcome of the 15th COP of the UNFCCC in Copenhagen in December 2009.

The site-level studies reported here are of landscapes in Sumatra and Kalimantan that cross the spectrum from forest conservation through recognition of agroforest management and restocking of trees in the landscape and peatland management to conversion to oil palm production. The most positive example of the consequences of the REDD+ debate has been the recognition of village (agro)forest management in a long-term Alternatives to Slash and Burn: Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins (ASB) research location in Jambi, Sumatra, which will hopefully act as a beacon for many others to follow. Most of the other case studies reveal that there would indeed be opportunities to reduce emissions, while enhancing local livelihoods, but that such opportunities require new ways of thinking about, and planning of, land use.

The case studies also reveal an inadequacy in the currently dominant ?payment for ecosystem services?, or PES, paradigm. In the network of landscapes in Indonesia where experiments with this approach take place, water rather than carbon or biodiversity has been the primary issue, but in all cases success has depended on the building of trust?rather than clean buyer-seller financial relationships?between the external and local stakeholders.

A language of co-investment, sharing of risks and benefits and enhancement of reciprocity and responsibility has been the basis for success, not that of a market place. Appropriate ways for blending financial incentives with a broader approach based on ?rights? and ?recognition? are yet to evolve and gain the type of external interest that the PES paradigm has generated.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Agus F, Dewi S, Ekadinata A, Tata HL, Suyanto S, Galudra G and Pradhan U. Opportunities for reducing emissions from all land uses in Indonesia: policy analysis and case studies. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 85 p. GRP 6 2439 BK 144 BK0144-10 Pro-poor compensation and rewards for environmental services in the tropics: Saving the Commons in Asia, Africa and Latin America? World Agroforestry Centre 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 117 Through the Millennium Development Goals world leaders promised to deal with poverty while enhancing sustainable development and international cooperation. These three goals come together in efforts to pay, compensate or reward for the environmental services that are (still) provided by upland communities. Where these services benefit downstream people that are less poor than the people in the uplands, forms of payment can be both fair and efficient. Where the services are provided as global goods, as is the case with biodiversity conservation and net reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, payments and investment can and should be made by beneficiaries overseas. The words ?Payments for Environmental Services? (PES) have become the label for a wide array of approaches and methodologies in this domain. It is a field of active research on the interface of knowledge and action. The subset of ?pro-poor? forms of such mechanisms is still under debate: is it desirable? is it even possible? should the old adage? one instrument per policy objective, one objective per policy instrument? still apply? Southeast Asia English 0 World Agroforestry Centre. 2010. Pro-poor compensation and rewards for environmental services in the tropics: Saving the Commons in Asia, Africa and Latin America?. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 117 p. 2438 PB 12 PB0012-10 Community Based Forest Management (PHBM): Improving welfare and income equity for poor farmers on the forest margins Noviana Khususiyah, S. Suyanto and R. Yana Buana 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 05 4
The 1997 economic crisis almost doubled the percentage of people living in poverty in Indonesia, from 11% in 1990 to 20% in August ? September 1998. During the crisis, many migrants living in the city became unemployed owing to the collapses of many industries, forcing them to return to their original villages.

Available land for agriculture in Java is limited. More than 50% of its forest is managed by Perum Perhutani (state forest company) and farmers have limited access to this land. Nevertheless, owing to economic pressure and lack of governance during the crisis period, farmers' communities around state forest land cleared the forests. This led to conflict between Perum Perhutani and farmers in many parts of Java.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Khususiyah N, Suyanto S and Buana RY. 2010. Community Based Forest Management (PHBM): Improving welfare and income equity for poor farmers on the forest margins. In: Rahayu S,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6 2437 PB 11 PB0011-10 Community Based Forest Management (PHBM): What can we learn? Noviana Khususiyah, S. Suyanto and R. Yana Buana 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Brief no. 04 4 Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (Community-Based Forest Management) or PHBM is a joint forest management system between Perum Perhutani (the state-owned forestry management company) and a given rural community. The system is based on shared management so that forests are maintained. The 'sharing' principle includes shared responsibilities, work, inputs and benefits. The aim of the PHBM program is to integrate socioeconomic community development and forest management systems. Southeast Asia English 0 Khususiyah N, Suyanto S and Buana RY. 2010. Community Based Forest Management (PHBM): What can we learn?. In: Rahayu S,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 6 2436 JA 389 JA0389-10 Diversity deficits in modelled landscape mosaics Grace B.Villamor, Meine van Noordwijk, Quang Bao Le, Betha Lusiana, Robin Matthews and Paul L.G. Vlek 2010 Ecological Informatics Elsevier B.V. 1-10 We outline several diversity factors that modellers and models can include directly or indirectly in order to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the model. Without considering these factors, different types of diversity deficit can arise. These deficits can be considered in three domains: 1) in the real world where actual diversity is less than a potential state that is deemed desirable (hence we worry about loss of biodiversity and cultural diversity); 2) in modelling of the real world (where ?residual variance? may represent a diversity deficit of the model); and 3) in our recognition of the driving forces that are used to construct a model (a diversity deficit due to oversimplification). The goal of this review is to use these three domains of diversity deficit to evaluate existing models, with a longer term goal of creating a more robust framework for assessing landscape models in the future. To that end, we evaluate the behaviour characteristics and routines of agents in some current models. We also address one of the fundamental challenges to modelling diversity, which is the integration of non-economic motivations in the decision making of human agents. Diversity deficit, Landscape mosaics, Agents' decision-making, Hybrid models, Multi-agent system models doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.08.003 Southeast Asia English Villamor GB, van Noordwijk M, Bao Le Q, Lusiana B, Matthews R and Vlek PL. 2010. Diversity deficits in modelled landscape mosaics. Ecological Informatics. : P. 1-10. 2435 MA 50 MA0050-10 Hutan Sesaot: Jasa lingkungan yang belum tersingkap Subekti Rahayu, Noviana Khususiyah, Tonni Asmawan and Erik Setiawan 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 6 3 2 10-11 Air jernih di sepanjang Kali Sesaot merupakan satu indikator bahwa sumber air di bagian hulu masih terpelihara dengan baik. Identifikasi lapangan yang dilakukan oleh ICRAF menemukan sebanyak 56 sumber mata air yang bermuara ke Kali Sesaot, Kali Jangkok, Kali Tembiras, Kali Pemoto, Kali Bentoyang, Kali Betung dan Kali Bensue. Mata air Ranget dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air baku oleh PDAM untuk memenuhi sekitar 98.000 pelanggan di Kota Mataram. Air Kali Jangkok digunakan untuk irigasi sampai ke daerah Lombok Tengah. Apa yang akan terjadi jika air dari kawasan Sesaot mengering dan menghilang? Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2434 MA 49 MA0049-10 Gaharu: pohon emas yang misterius Bambang Soeharto 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 6 3 2 8-9 Gaharu di alam dihasilkan dari jenis pohon tertentu yang terinfeksi oleh suatu jenis fungi atau cendawan dan hasil infeksi tersebut menghasilkan gubal yang berwarna kehitaman dan berbau wangi dengan nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi. Jenis pohon yang dapat menghasilkan gubal ? gaharu adalah dari spesies Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria filaria, Aquilaria beccariana, Aquilaria cumingiana, Aquilaria hirta, Aquilaria microcarpa, Aquilaria crassna dan Gyrinops leddermannii, dengan demikian di Indonesia gaharu dikelompokkan dalam komoditas kehutanan golongan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK). Southeast Asia Indonesian 2433 MA 48 MA0048-10 Potret kearifan lokal dalam tata kelola keanekaragaman hayati Subekti Rahayu and Harti Ningsih 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 6 3 2 6-7 Keanekaragaman hayati menjadi topik yang sangat menarik dibicarakan, karena beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan dalam kelimpahan dan komposisi akibat perubahan iklim dan penggunaan lahan. Bahkan beberapa jenis keanekaragaman hayati dinyatakan terancam punah. Namun, keanekaragaman hayati lainnya justru menunjukkan peningkatan populasi yang tidak terkendali bahkan menjadi pengganggu bagi kehidupan lainnya, misalnya menjadi hama atau gulma. Southeast Asia Indonesian 2432 MA 47 MA0047-10 Hutan desa lubuk beringin: skenario konservasi kabupaten Bungo Asep Ayat and Jusupta Tarigan 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri 6 3 2 3-5 Hutan Desa merupakan hutan negara yang dikelola oleh desa (Lembaga Desa) dan dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan desa. Pembentukan Hutan Desa atas dasar pertimbangan pemberdayaan masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar kawasan hutan, untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan hutan yang adil dan lestari. Kriteria kawasan hutan yang dapat ditetapkan sebagai areal kerja hutan desa adalah hutan lindung dan hutan produksi. Status kawasan belum dibebani hak pengelolaan atau ijin pemanfaatan dan berada di wilayah administrasi desa yang bersangkutan. Kriteria tersebut berdasarkan rekomendasi dari Kepala Dinas kabupaten/kota yang diserahi tugas dan bertanggung jawab di bidang kehutanan. Hak pengelolaan hutan desa ini diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 35 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang. Evaluasi akan dilakukan paling lama setiap 5 tahun sekali oleh pemberi hak (PP No 6 Tahun 2008). Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2431 JA 388 JA0388-10 Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use in China Fredrich Kahrl, Yunju Li, Yufang Su, Timm Tennigkeit, Andreas Wilkes and Xu Jianchu 2010 Elsevier Ltd 13 688 – 694 The use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers is an important driver of energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China. This paper develops a GHG emission factor for synthetic N fertilizer application in China. Using this emission factor, we estimate the scale of GHG emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use in Chinese agriculture and explore the potential for GHG emission reductions from efficiency improvements in N fertilizer production and use. The paper concludes with a discussion on costs and financing for a large-scale fertilizer efficiency improvement program in China, and how a GHG mitigation framework might contribute to program design. Nitrogen fertilizer; Ammonia; Urea; Energy; Greenhouse gas emissions; China doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.07.006 China English 0 URL]]> 2430 JA 387 JA0387-10 Reconciling root plasticity and architectural ground rules in tree root growth models with voxel automata Rachmat Mulia, Christian Dupraz and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 Plant and Soil Springer 1-16 Juglans nigra � regia) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) using results of a pot experiment. The model satisfactorily predicted the root growth behaviour of the two species. The model is sparse in parameters and yet applicable to heterogeneous soils, and could easily be upgraded to include additional local influences on root growth (and decay) such as local success in nutrient uptake or dynamic soil physical properties.

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com]]> Architecture . Coarse root . Fine root . Geotropism . Heterogeneous soil . Simulation model . Topology .Voxel automata Southeast Asia English 0 Mulia R, Dupraz C and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Reconciling root plasticity and architectural ground rules in tree root growth models with voxel automata. Plant and Soil. : P. 1-16. 2429 PP 297 PP0297-10 Integrated land use modelling in an interdisciplinary project: The LUCIA model C. Marohn, P. Siripalangkanont, T. Berger, Betha Lusiana and Georg Cadisch 2010 Montpellier, France 1-8 In the mountainous regions of Northwest Thailand and Vietnam political and economic change and demographic pressure have led to intensification of agricultural systems during the last decade. In the uplands, agricultural land expanded at the expense of forests and traditional swidden systems have been replaced by continuous cropping with reduced or no fallow. Subsistence-based systems are shifting towards external input-dependent production for the market, improving income of farmers in the short run, but partly leading to irreversible loss of environmental functions. The LUCIA model was developed in this context to dynamically simulate biophysical processes triggered by land use (change) in small mountainous catchments in a mechanistic and spatially explicit way. This paper describes the role of the model in integrating data generated under different knowledge domains in an interdisciplinary project to simulate scenarios of land use change, potential environmental impacts and alternative pathways towards sustainable land use. The model structure, stakeholder orientation and coupling with an existing multi-agent system are explained in more detail. Land use change; integrated model; coupling; Southeast Asia Southeast Asia English Marohn C, Siripalangkanont P, Berger T, Lusiana B and Cadisch G. 2010. Integrated land use modelling in an interdisciplinary project: The LUCIA model. Montpellier, France. 2428 WP 134 WP0134-10 Toward a General Theory of Boundary Work: Insights from the CGIAR?s Natural Resource Management Programs William C. Clark, Thomas P Tomich, Meine van Noordwijk, Nancy M. Dickson, Delia Catacutan, David Guston and Elizabeth C. McNie 2010 Faculty Research Working Paper Series William C. Clark et al. and the President and Fellows of Harvard College CID Working Paper No. 199 22 Previous research on the determinants of effectiveness in knowledge systems seeking to support sustainable development has highlighted the importance of ?boundary work? through which research communities organize their relations with other fields of science, other sources of knowledge, and the worlds of action and policymaking. A growing body of scholarship postulates specific attributes of boundary work that promote used and useful research. These propositions, however, are largely based on the experience of a few industrialized countries. We report here on an effort to evaluate their relevance for efforts to harness science in support of sustainability in the developing world. We carried out a multi-country comparative analysis of natural resource management programs conducted under the auspices of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). We discovered 6 distinctive kinds of boundary work contributing to successes of the CGIAR programs?a greater variety than has been documented in previous studies. We propose that these different kinds of boundary work can be understood as a dual response to the different uses for which the results of specific research programs are intended, and the different sources of knowledge drawn on by those programs. We show that these distinctive kinds of boundary work require distinctive strategies to organize them effectively. Especially important are arrangements regarding participation of stakeholders, governance, and the use of boundary objects. We conclude that improving the ability of research programs to produce useful knowledge for sustainable development will require both greater and differentiated support for multiple forms of boundary work boundary work, boundary organizations, boundary objects, agroforestry systems, governance, participation, sustainability science, sustainable development, environmental policy Southeast Asia English Clark WC, Tomich TP, van Noordwijk M, Dickson NM, Catacutan D, Guston D and McNie EC. 2010. Toward a General Theory of Boundary Work: Insights from the CGIAR’s Natural Resource Management Programs. Faculty Research Working Paper Series. CID Working Paper No. 199: William C. Clark et al. and the President and Fellows of Harvard College. 22 p. 2427 PP 296 PP0296-10 Trade-off analysis of land use change, livelihoods and environmental services in the Upper Konto catchment (Indonesia): prospecting land use options with the FALLOW model Betha Lusiana, Noviana Khususiyah, Kurniatun Hairiah, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2010 International Conference on Integrative Landscape Modelling Montpellier, France 1-12 The study explored the use of the FALLOW model for assessing the impact of land use policies related to Designated Land Use to farmers? welfare and landscape carbon stocks in the Upper Konto catchment, East Java, Indonesia. A livestock (dairy cattle) module was added to FALLOW version 2.0 to enable simulating livelihood options in the area and four scenarios were explored: (0) baseline condition of protecting designated forest area, (1) full access to land, (2) conserving forest reserve only and (3) giving limited access to plant tree-based systems in part of state forest land. The study revealed that the current land use policy could lead to reduction in farmers? welfare (US$.capita-1.year-1) and average aboveground carbon stocks (Mg.ha-1). A change in land use policy by giving limited access to manage tree based systems in part of the State Forest Land could maintain the aboveground landscape carbon stocks level and reduced the decline of farmer?s welfare. The result showed the efficacy of integrating economic, biophysical and farmers? learning dynamics in a simulation model such as FALLOW to explore various policy scenarios for natural resource management. FALLOW enables to prospect potential landscape trajectories and its consequences on landscape level indicators such as welfare and carbon stocks, for further discussion with local stakeholders. The results of model performance evaluation based on spatial accuracy and area inaccuracy revealed the need to refine the current new land allocation module. landscape modelling; land use policy; scenario analysis; trade-off analysis Southeast Asia English URL]]> 2426 JA 386 JA0386-10 Tree Growth Prediction in Relation to Simple Set of Site Quality Indicators for Six Native Tree Species in the Philippines Fernando Santos Martin, Betha Lusiana and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 International Journal of Forestry Research Hindawi Publishing Corporation 1-10 The gain in precision to explain the variation on tree growth performance as a function of a set of site indicators was analysed in a stepwise form, increasing its complexity and costs. Six native timber tree species were commonly found on farmer?s fields and planted under different types of agroforestry systems. Localization of trees to be used for measurement was achieved through individual interviews to assess timing of introduction of trees. Results proved that native tree species planted on farmers? fields have similar growth rate other exotic timber species as Swietenia macrophylla that are widely spread in the Philippines. Nevertheless, the large fraction of the variation in tree performance that could not be explained by the biophysical site indicators measured implies that farmers take considerable risk in planting trees on the basis of current ?scientific? knowledge. The complement of ?site characteristics? is probably ?management?, and the low determination of tree growth by site properties may in fact be good news for the farmers. doi:10.1155/2010/507392 Southeast Asia English 0 Martin FS, Lusiana B and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Tree Growth Prediction in Relation to Simple Set of Site Quality Indicators for Six Native Tree Species in the Philippines. International Journal of Forestry Research. : P. 1-10. 2425 RP 264 RP0264-10 Masyarakat Adat dan Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia Martua T Sirait 2009 Universiteit van Amsterdam and Cordaid Memisa The Hague, The Netherlands 106 Telah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan melihat hubungan antara, semakin langkanya sumberdaya alam dan timbulnya konflik yang melibatkan kekerasan. Namun hubungan antara kedua fenomena ini dengan degradasi lingkungan hidup dan implikasinya bagi masyarakat adat masih belum terlalu banyak dipahami. Pada tiga studi kasus yang dilakukan pada pada empat kelompok sub-etnis masyarakat adat Dayak Bidayuh (Hibun, Sami, Jangkang dan Pompang) menggambarkan konflik dan kolaborasi antara masyarakat adat di Kalimantan Barat dalam kaitannya dengan ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit atas tanah adat mereka. Kajian ini tidak bertujuan untuk menyajikan besarnya konflik secara kwantitatif, misal jumlah orang atau rumah tangga yang terkena akibat konflik dan luasan tanah yang diambil oleh perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit, tetapi kajian ini berusaha menampilkan aspek aspek kwalitas dari konflik berupa perasaan masyarakat adatnya, usaha usaha penyelesaian konflik dan akibatnya bagi kelembagaan masyarakat adat dan wilayah adatnya. Walaupun studi ini tidak mewakili seluruh kejadian di Kalimantan Barat, akan tetapi memberikan gambaran yang cukup lengkap bagaimana masyarakat di pedesaan Kalimantan Barat mengahadapi perkebunan kelapa sawit skala besar dan bagaimana mereka berhadapan dengan kesempatan serta konflik yang diakibatkan oleh cara perkebunan memulai usahanya. Studi kasus yang dipaparkan mewakili kondisi dan tahapan konflik yang berbeda antara perkebunan kelapa sawit dan masyarakat adat yang secara indikatif menggambarkan situasi yang terjadi pada masyarakat adat di luar Kalimantan Barat. Penulis berpendapat bahwa situasi konflik yang serupa telah terjadi di Sumatera pada tahun 1970-1980s dan sedang atau akan segera terjadi di Papua, Sulawesi, dan kepulauan kecil di Indonesia Timur, seiring dengan ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit kearah Indonesia Timur. Southeast Asia Indonesian Sirait MT. Masyarakat Adat dan Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. The Hague, The Netherlands. : Universiteit van Amsterdam and Cordaid Memisa. 2009. 106 p. GRP 5 2424 NL 45 NL0045-10 Kiprah Agroforestri 6 Amelia Britaniari, Asep Ayat, Bambang Soeharto, Diah Wulandari, Erik Setiawan, Harti Ningsih, Jusupta Tarigan, Kurniatun Hairiah, Ni'matul Khasanah, Noviana Khususiyah, Subekti Rahayu and Tonni Asmawan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 3 2 16 Hutan dengan beragam atribut, fungsi dan manfaatnya sudah tidak terbantahkan oleh siapapun. Hutan tidak saja dibicarakan sebagai sumberdaya ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan Hdan budaya. Hutan sering juga dilukiskan bagaikan sebuah istana yang ditilami daun-daun kering yang lunak dan agak lembab. KIPRAH edisi kali ini dimulai dengan artikel mengenai skenario pelestarian hutan di salah satu kabupaten di propinsi Jambi. Tidak hanya hutan namun keanekaragaman hayati didalamnya juga penting untuk dilestarikan. Faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi kepunahannya? Menarik juga untuk membaca kondisi terkini keanekaragaman hayati dari sudut pandang wanita di Desa Danau, Tebing Tinggi dan Lubuk Beringin, kabupaten Bungo, Jambi. Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Britaniari A, Ayat A, Soeharto B, Wulandari D, Setiawan E, Ningsih H, Tarigan J, Hairiah K, Khasanah N, Khususiyah N, Rahayu S and Asmawan T. 2010. Kiprah Agroforestri 6. In: Tarigan J, Rahayu S and Atikah T,eds. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2423 PB 10 PB0010-10 Reducing emissions from deforestation, inside and outside the ?forest? Andree Ekadinata, Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi and Peter A Minang 2010 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya ASB PolicyBrief 16 4 Accounting for carbon in the whole landscape and Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU) can be more effective in reducing emissions.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Ekadinata A, van Noordwijk M, Dewi S and Minang PA. 2010. Reducing emissions from deforestation, inside and outside the ‘forest’. Nairobi, Kenya. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 4 p. GRP 5 2422 RP 263 RP0263-10 Leuser Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program: Community Nurseries for land rehabilitation, livelihood enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. 2010 1st quarter update James M Roshetko 2010 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International Bogor, Indonesia 3 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM. Leuser Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program: Community Nurseries for land rehabilitation, livelihood enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. 2010 1st quarter update. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International. 2010. 3 p. GRP 1 2421 RP 262 RP0262-10 Leuser Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program: Community Nurseries for land rehabilitation, livelihood enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. Annual Report Update. James M Roshetko 2010 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International Bogor, Indonesia 8 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM. Leuser Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program: Community Nurseries for land rehabilitation, livelihood enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. Annual Report Update.. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International. 2010. 8 p. GRP 1 2420 MN 46 MN0046-10 Pengelolaan Hutan Jati Rakyat: Panduan Lapang Untuk Petani. (Management of Community Teak Forests: A Field Manual for Farmers) Agus Asto Pramono, M. Anies Fauzi, Nurin Widyani, Ika Heriansyah and James M Roshetko 2010 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF SEA Regional Office, and The Ministry of Forestry's Research and Development Agency (FORDA) Bogor, Indonesia 45 Southeast Asia Indonesian Pramono AA, Fauzi MA, Widyani N, Heriansyah I and Roshetko JM. 2010. Pengelolaan Hutan Jati Rakyat: Panduan Lapang Untuk Petani. (Management of Community Teak Forests: A Field Manual for Farmers). Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF SEA Regional Office, and The Ministry of Forestry's Research and Development Agency (FORDA). 45 p. GRP 1, GRP 2 2419 PP 295 PP0295-10 Insights from the farm forestry tree seedling nursery sector in Western Java, Indonesia Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Paul Dargusch and Nestor Gregorio Stephen R. Harrison, Annerine Bosch, Nestor Onting Gregorio and John L. Herbohn 2010 Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector. University of Queensland, Australia Leyte, the Philippines 21-25 This paper reports observations of a study tour by the authors of the farm forestry tree seeding nursery sector in Western Java, Indonesia. Industry stakeholders were found to recognise and value high quality germplasm and seedling quality for commercial farm forestry success. These quality preferences of stakeholders are supported by the use of a simple tree seedling certification scheme through which certified seedlings receive a premium selling price. Other initiatives, including government extension efforts, tree seed centres and vegetative propagation, provide complementary support for the preference and promotion of high seedling quality in the Western Java farm forestry industry. Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, Dargusch P and Gregorio N. 2010. Insights from the farm forestry tree seedling nursery sector in Western Java, Indonesia. In: Harrison SR, Bosch A, Gregorio NO and Herbohn JL,eds. Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector.. Leyte, the Philippines. University of Queensland, Australia. GRP 2 2418 PP 294 PP0294-10 Profiling tree nurseries in northern Mindanao, the Philippines Don Immanuel Edralin and Augustin R. Mercado Jr. Stephen R. Harrison, Annerine Bosch, Nestor Onting Gregorio and John L. Herbohn 2010 Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector. University of Queensland, Australia Leyte, the Philippines 63-72 Forestry nurseries play an important role in supporting small-scale plantation, tree farming as well as government initiated afforestation and reforestation programs. However, constraints have been identified in the forestry nursery sector in the Philippines particularly in the supply of high quality planting materials. This hindrance is being investigated to formulate intervention points as part of a continuing research project on enhancing tree seedling supply via economic and policy changes, funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). This paper presents baseline information regarding the profile of forestry nurseries in the Northern Mindanao region of the Philippines through a personal interview survey of operators of private, communal and government nurseries. Most nurseries in all nursery types are operating on a small scale and are strategically situated based on the purpose of their existence. Private nurseries, being business oriented, are located near the main road, as are government nurseries which distribute seedlings mostly without charge but in some cases for sale. Communal nurseries are mostly situated on farms since they cater for the seedling needs of their members and are therefore established far away from main roads. In terms of stability, private and government nurseries are stable compared to communal nurseries which rely on support organizations. When the support stops communal nurseries also cease to operate. There is no current policy that supports the production and use of high quality seedlings. Intervention points to address these problems are seen as necessary extension efforts in promoting the use of high quality seedlings, thereby in effect creating a strong market, training operators to increase their capability to produce high quality seedlings, and promoting and supporting the forestry nursery industry with policies such as tree nursery certification. Philippines English Edralin DI and Mercado Jr. AR. 2010. Profiling tree nurseries in northern Mindanao, the Philippines. In: Harrison SR, Bosch A, Gregorio NO and Herbohn JL,eds. Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector.. Leyte, the Philippines. University of Queensland, Australia. GRP 2 2417 PP 293 PP0293-10 The need for improved nursery management practices and marketing in tree nurseries of norther Mindanao Don Immanuel Edralin and Augustin R. Mercado Jr. Stephen R. Harrison, Annerine Bosch, Nestor Onting Gregorio and John L. Herbohn 2010 Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector University of Queensland, Australia Leyte, the Philippines 177-182 Undoubtedly, tree growing provides economic and environmental benefits. This has resulted in tree growing initiatives in Northern Mindanao. However, tree growing is faced with constraints such as high field mortality and poor timber stand resulting in poor timber yield. This paper seeks to discern the seedling quality of seedlings grown in three different nursery types in Northern Mindanao, including the facilities present and some cultural management practices. Seedling quality was assessed through random sampling of planting materials. Information about nursery facilities and cultural management practices were obtained through interviews with nursery operators and through visual observations. Results show that private, communal and government nurseries have facilities designed for low cost production of seedlings. The lack of hardening beds and raised benches used for seedling acclimatization explains the inability of seedlings to survive when outplanted in the field. A seedling quality assessment revealed that seedlings were of low quality in all nursery types with weak stems, imbalanced root-shoot ratio and J-root formation. It was also found that most nurseries did not apply soil treatment which is one of the basics for growing seedlings. There is an urgent need to improve nursery management practices by employing best management practices such as proper hardening techniques using effective but non-expensive hardening beds and soil sterilization to improve the seedling quality of seedlings in the region. Philippines English Edralin DI and Mercado Jr. AR. 2010. The need for improved nursery management practices and marketing in tree nurseries of norther Mindanao. In: Harrison SR, Bosch A, Gregorio NO and Herbohn JL,eds. Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector. Leyte, the Philippines. University of Queensland, Australia. GRP 2 2416 PP 292 PP0292-10 Ensuring seedling quality through nursery accreditation Don Immanuel Edralin and Augustin R. Mercado Jr. Stephen R. Harrison, Annerine Bosch, Nestor Onting Gregorio and John L. Herbohn 2010 Proceedings from the Mid-term Workshop (ASEM/2006/091). Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Philippines Tree Nursery Sector University of Queensland, Australia Leyte, the Philippines 157-162 The fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme implemented by the Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA) has been promoted to enhance the supply of high quality fruit tree planting materials and reduce the number of dubious seedling market players. This paper examines the advantages of the fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme and draws implications for possible formulation of a scheme to accredit forest tree nurseries in the Philippines. Data were collected from interviews with accredited fruit tree nursery operators and the nursery accreditation officer-in-charge in Northern Mindanao. There has been an increase in the number of applicants for nursery accreditation each year since 2004, as a result of the advantages nursery operators observed from those who had already been accredited. A major advantage is that only accredited fruit tree nursery operators can join in the government procurement of seedlings through a bidding process which is always for substantial volumes. As a form of advertisement, accredited nurseries are posted on the government website thus creating a wide range of market opportunities which results in increased sales. Other advantages such as receiving free training in improving seedling production and occasionally receiving high quality propagation materials (scions and seedlings), subsidies for pesticides and fertilizers and free soil tests were enjoyed by accredited fruit tree nurseries. These opportunities encouraged other nursery operators to apply for accreditation. Accreditation by the DA places emphasis on maintaining high genetic quality of planting materials as well as the physical quality of the seedlings. Accrediting forestry nurseries is seen as a potential policy option that can expand the supply of high quality tree seedlings in the Philippines, as is the case with fruit tree seedlings. Philippines English URL]]> GRP 2 2415 JA 385 JA0385-10 Positive nitrogen balance of Acacia mangium woodlots as fallows in the Philippines based on 15N natural abundance data of N2 fixation Augustin R. Mercado Jr., Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2010 Agroforestry Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 1-13 Nitrogen inputs from biological nitrogen fixation contribute to productivity and sustainability of agroforestry systems but they need to be able to offset export of N when trees are harvested. This study assessed magnitudes of biological nitrogen fixation (natural 15N abundance) and N balance of Acacia mangium woodlots grown in farmer?s fields, and determined if N2 fixation capacity was affected by tree age. Tree biomass, standing litter, understory vegetation and soil samplings were conducted in 15 farmer?s fields growing A. mangium as a form of sequential agroforestry in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The trees corresponded to ages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years, and were replicated three times. Samples from different plant parts and soils (0? 100 cm) were collected and analyzed for d15N and nutrients. The B-value, needed as a reference of isotopic discrimination when fully reliant on atmospheric N, was generated by growing A. mangium in an N2-free sand culture in the glasshouse. Isotopic discrimination occurring during N2 fixation and metabolic processes indicated variation of d15N values in the order of nodules[old leaves[young leaves[stems[litterfall and roots of the trees grown in the field, with values ranging from -0.8 to 3.5% except nodules which were enriched and significantly different from other plant parts (P\0.0001). Isotopic discrimination was not affected by tree age (P[0.05). Plants grown in N free sand culture exhibited the same pattern of isotopic discrimination as plants grown in the field. The estimated B-value for the whole plant of A. mangium was -0.86%. Mature tree stands of 12 years accumulated up to 1994 kg N ha-1 in aboveground biomass. Average proportion of N derived from N2 fixation of A. mangium was 54% (�22) and was not affected by age (P[0.05). Average yearly quantities of N2 fixed were 128 kg N ha-1 in above-ground biomass amounting to 1208 kg N fixed ha-1 over 12 years. Harvest of 12-year old trees removed approximately 91% of standing aboveground biomass from the site as timber and fuel wood. The resulting net N balance was ?151 kg N ha-1 derived from remaining leaves, twigs, standing litter, and ?562 kg N ha-1 when tree roots were included in the calculation. The fast growing A. mangium appears to be a viable fallow option for managing N in these systems. However, other nutrients have to be replaced by using part of the timber and fuel wood sales to compensate for large amounts of nutrient removed in order for the system to be sustainable. N2 fixation, B value, Isotopic discrimination DOI 10.1007/s10457-010-9309-8 Philippines English Mercado Jr. AR, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. 2010. Positive nitrogen balance of Acacia mangium woodlots as fallows in the Philippines based on 15N natural abundance data of N2 fixation. Agroforestry Systems. : P. 1-13. GRP 2 2414 BC 308 BC0308-10 Payments for Ecological Services: Experiences in Carbon and Water Payments in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco and Grace B.Villamor James Roumasset, Kimberly M. Burnett and Arsenio Molina Balisacan 2010 Sustainability Science for Watershed Landscapes Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 103-124 Soft cover ISBN: 978-981-4279-96-3 Hard cover ISBN: 978-981-4279-60-4 Philippines English Lasco RD and Villamor GB. 2010. Payments for Ecological Services: Experiences in Carbon and Water Payments in the Philippines. In: Roumasset J, Burnett KM and Balisacan AM,eds. Sustainability Science for Watershed Landscapes. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 103-124. GRP 5, GRP 6 2413 BC 307 BC0307-10 Biodiversity and climate change: perspectives, research needs, and institutions Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay, Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr., Rodrigo U. Fuentes and Rodel D. Lasco Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. 2010 Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 231-254 Climate change is no longer a prediction or a speculation. It is already taking place in many places around the world including Southeast Asia. Long-term data on temperature and sea levels in an archipelagic country like the Philippines, and a partly continental country like Thailand and Vietnam, as reported in the chapters on country perspectives, indicate an increasing trend over the years. Philippines English Sajise PE, Ticsay MV, Saguiguit, Jr. GC, Fuentes RU and Lasco RD. 2010. Biodiversity and climate change: perspectives, research needs, and institutions. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV and Saguiguit, Jr. GC,eds. Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 231-254. 2412 BC 306 BC0306-10 Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: Potential Impacts and Adaptation Strategies Florencia B Pulhin and Rodel D. Lasco Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. 2010 Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 141-164 The richness of the Philippines forest resources is manifested by the presence of very diverse species of flora and fauna. In fact, the country's biodiversity is comparable with that of Madagascar, one of the countries. Which is considered as having the richest biodiversity resources in the world. Because of the species richness present in the Philippines, Conservation International (CI) designated it as one of the world's 17 megadiversity countries. Philippines English Pulhin FB and Lasco RD. 2010. Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: Potential Impacts and Adaptation Strategies. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV and Saguiguit, Jr. GC,eds. Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 141-164. GRP 5 2411 BC 305 BC0305-10 Climate change, biodiversity, livelihoods, and sustainagility in Southeast Asia Meine van Noordwijk Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. 2010 Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 55-83 The IPCC (2007) has compiled strong scientific evidence that the global climate is changing at rates not seen in recent geological history. This change is causally linked to changes in the composition of the atmosphere. This in turn is largely caused by an increase of the greenhouse Gas (GHG) effect due to emissions of CO2 that had been stored in the past as energy-rich organic compounds or ascalcium carbonate. The CO2 are released by use of fossil fuel or cement. About 20 per cent of the increase in GHGs gasses is caused by the release of CO2 that has been stored for hundreds or thousands of years, in aboveground forest biomass or peat soils. International agreement on emission reduction is hard to reach mainly due to the large differences in per capita emissions between countries. Countries with high historical emissions do not want accept equal per capita emission rights. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2010. Climate change, biodiversity, livelihoods, and sustainagility in Southeast Asia. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV and Saguiguit, Jr. GC,eds. Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 55-83. 2410 BC 304 BC0304-10 Climate change in the Montane Mainland Southeast Asia: reflections on water resources and livelihoods Xu Jianchu and David Thomas Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. 2010 Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 31-53 The mountainous area, which includes Southwest China (Yunnan Province, part of Sichuan and eastern Tibetan Plateau), together with Northern Mainland Southeast Asia, is the source of headwaters and major tributaries leading into seven major tivers that drain into an area of nearly 4 M km2. These water resources have impacts on the lives of more than 696 M people. China English Xu Jianchu and Thomas D. 2010. Climate change in the Montane Mainland Southeast Asia: reflections on water resources and livelihoods. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV and Saguiguit, Jr. GC,eds. Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 31-53. 2409 BC 303 BC0303-10 Issues on climate change and biodiversity in Southeast Asia Rodel D. Lasco Percy E. Sajise, Mariliza V. Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. 2010 Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 11-29 "?warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and [the] rising global average sea level? (Denman et al. 2007)."]]> Philippines English Lasco RD. 2010. Issues on climate change and biodiversity in Southeast Asia. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV and Saguiguit, Jr. GC,eds. Moving forward. Southeast Asian Perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Singapore. : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. P. 11-29. GRP 5 2408 JA 384 JA0384-10 Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Nuttira Kavinchan, Chawapich Vaidhayakarn, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt and Stephen Elliott 2010 Forest Ecology and Management Elsevier B.V. Rotational swidden cultivation systems, with fallow periods long enough for the regeneration of secondary forests are capable of maintaining forest cover and plant diversity in a dynamic balance in swidden cultivation landscapes. Regeneration of secondary forests through several successional stages and by a combination of coppicing and seedling development is still poorly understood, especially the influence of different swiddening practices and the role of animals as seed dispersers. Swidden cultivators possess a vast knowledge of plants growing in swidden fallows and of fallow dynamics as well. Forest restoration in Thailand has been carried out mainly on the basis of experimental research on the potential of indigenous tree species to promote natural forest regeneration and biodiversity recovery; the so-called framework species. Another viable source of knowledge for forest restoration can be the study of the semi-natural revegetation processes in fallows and the indigenous knowledge of swiddeners of these processes. The research presented here was carried out to attain a better understanding of forest regeneration on fallow swiddens under different swiddening regimes and how it may be applied to practical forest restoration, We investigated the vegetation characteristics of from various stages of secondary succession in fallow swiddens of the Karen and Lawa ethnic groups in the Mae Chaem watershed, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Indigenous knowledge on the use of species and traditional ecological processes in swiddening was recorded by questioning key informants. The data were analyzed and discussed with respect to their application in forest restoration and participatory forest management. Ethnobotany; Northern Thailand; Secondary succession; Swidden cultivation; Traditional knowledge doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.042 Thailand English Wangpakapattanawong P, Kavinchan N, Vaidhayakarn C, Schmidt-Vogt D and Elliott S. 2010. Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration. Forest Ecology and Management. : P. . 2407 BC 302 BC0302-10 Forest cover in global water governance Anders Malmer, Jonas Ardo, David Scott, Raffaele Vignola and Xu Jianchu Gerardo Mery, Pia Katila, Glenn Galloway, René I. Alfaro, Markku Kanninen, Maxim Lobovikov and Jari Varjo 2010 Future of forests ? Responding to global changes International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) China 1-32 Globally, water is recognised as a key resource for growing cities and to sustainably increase production of food and energy under threat from climate chance. There is also increasing recognition of the need for more sustainable and transparent management of water resources. Trees and forests, be they cultivated more or less intensively or natural forests in various degrees of degradation and fragmentation, have a central role in water cycling and for protecting water quality. This chapter reviews the role and function of forests in water cycling and management, but also how this knowledge and/or beliefs affect policies and governance of forests with regard to water management. The main objective is to develop a common understanding of the basis of the role of forest management in water governance and a readiness for the diversity of scenarios in a global change perspective on these issues. The chapter gives a short review of the biophysical understanding of forest and water relationships, and also how this leads to different perceptions and policies on the ecological services, or benefits, that forests provide. Perceptions of such benefits are dependent on a number of factors, including what characteristics of water quality or quantity are desired, and also what are the different dependencies and perceptions of the values provided by the forests themselves, apart from their effects on water resources. In relation to this, descriptions of current and developing governance systems, such as ?payment for environmental services? are given. In conjunction, the strong link between the role of trees in soil and water management, and the increasing role of forests for carbon sequestration and climate change adaptation are discussed. Major conclusions include emphasis on preparedness for solutions where forest management is part of water governance in landscape perspectives to meet the needs of many different land users. In this sense, we emphasise that general policies cannot meet sound forest and water governance, but locally/regionally based models and scenarios need to be used as the basis for governance systems. In many parts of the developing world, this puts demand on more empirical data as well as national capacities for research and governance, including transparency and local involvement of stakeholders. trees, water quality, water supply, water use, flood control, green water, PES, REDD, drought, climate change, modeling ISBN: 978-3-901347-93-1, ISSN: 1016-3263 China English Malmer A, Ardo J, Scott D, Vignola R and Xu Jianchu . 2010. Forest cover in global water governance. In: Mery G, Katila P, Galloway G, Alfaro RI, Kanninen M, Lobovikov M and Varjo J,eds. Future of forests – Responding to global changes. China. : International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). P. 1-32. GRP 5 2406 JA 383 JA0383-10 Climate change and sediment flux from the Roof of the World X.X. Lu, Shurong Zhang and Xu Jianchu 2010 Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 35 6 732–735 Potential rises in global temperature are likely to have major impacts on high altitude environments, including glacier recession and permafrost degradation. In turn, these could have far-reaching impacts on riverine sediment fl ux. Such impacts are emerging in the Himalayas and Tibet Plateau region, one of the world?s largest and most environmentally-sensitive cold regions. Closer monitoring is urgently required to track changing trends of sediment load from the interactions of glacial recession treat, rainfall changes and human interventions, and to study the implications of such changes for the large Asian river systems of the region. climate change; glacial and snow melting; riverine sediment; the Hindu Kush-Himalayas (HKH); large Asian rivers DOI: 10.1002/esp.1924 China English Lu X, Zhang S and Xu Jianchu . 2010. Climate change and sediment flux from the Roof of the World. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 35(6):P. 732–735. GRP 5 2405 JA 382 JA0382-10 Sensitivity of streamflow from a Himalayan catchment to plausible changes in land-cover and climate Xing Ma, Xu Jianchu and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 Hydrological Processes 24 11 1379–1390 Global climate change will likely increase temperature and variation in precipitation in the Himalayas, modifying both supply of and demand for water. This study assesses combined impacts of land-cover and climate changes on hydrological processes and a rainfall-to-streamflow buffer indicator of watershed function using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Kejie watershed in the eastern Himalayas. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3) was used for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios (A2 and B2), for 2010?2099. Four land-cover change scenarios increase forest, grassland, crops, or urban land use, respectively, reducing degraded land. The SWAT model predicted that downstream water resources will decrease in the short term but increase in the long term. Afforestation and expansion in cropland will probably increase actual evapotranspiration (ET) and reduce annual streamflow but will also, through increased infiltration, reduce the overland flow component of streamflow and increase groundwater release. An expansion in grassland will decrease actual ET, increase annual streamflow and groundwater release, while decreasing overland flow. Urbanization will result in increases in streamflow and overland flow and reductions in groundwater release and actual ET. Land-cover change dominated over effects on streamflow of climate change in the short and middle terms. The predicted changes in buffer indicator for land-use plus climate-change scenarios reach up to 50% of the current (and future) range of inter-annual variability mountain watershed; land-cover change; climate change; scenarios; SWAT model; water resources DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7602 China English Ma X, Xu Jianchu and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Sensitivity of streamflow from a Himalayan catchment to plausible changes in land-cover and climate. Hydrological Processes. 24(11):P. 1379–1390. GRP 5 2404 NL 44 NL0044-10 Integrating traditional and scientific knowledge of forest regeneration in swidden cultivation systems of Northern Thailand for tropical forest regeneration Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Nuttira Kavinchan and Stephen Elliott 2010 Global Land Project March 2010 6 3-5 The project was a joint one-year undertaking of the Biology Department of Chiang Mai University in Thailand and the Asian Institute of Thailand - the former affiliation of the second author of this contribution - carried out from 2007 to 2008. The main focus of the project was to collect empirical data and indigenous knowledge on forest regeneration on swidden fallows in Northern Thailand in order to assist tropical forest restoration activities in Thailand and neighboring countries. Field research was carried out in two villages of Mae Chaem district in Northern Thailand applying a combination of biological and ethnoscience methodology. China English Wangpakapattanawong P, Schmidt-Vogt D, Kavinchan N and Elliott S. 2010. Integrating traditional and scientific knowledge of forest regeneration in swidden cultivation systems of Northern Thailand for tropical forest regeneration. Global Land Project. GRP 6 2403 JA 381 JA0381-10 Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eastern seaboard of Thailand Rajendra P. Shrestha, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt and Nalina Gnanavelrajah 2010 Climate Change and Applied Geography ? Place, Policy, and Practice Elsevier Ltd 30 4 606-617 Plant diversity can affect ecological processes through effects on biomass and soil condition. A study was carried out in an agricultural watershed of Thailand to document plant species richness of different agricultural land uses and to assess its relationship with biomass and soil erosion. A nested sampling design of 20 x 20 m, 10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m and 1 x 1 m quadrats was employed to study species richness of three categories of plants: herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. Interviews were conducted with farmers who owned the cultivated fields where sampling plots were located. Plant diversity was assessed by computing Shannon index, Simpson index, and Species richness. Species utility index, which is the percentage of species identified as useful, was also estimated for each land use. Biomass was estimated using methodology recommended by FAO and soil erosionwas estimated using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). From among the different land use types, mixed orchard ranked first in terms of plant diversity while paddy ranked last. Land uses with monocropping of shrubs, such as cassava, pineapple and sugarcane had lower plant diversity than land uses with monocropping of trees, such as coconut and para rubber. Monocropping of eucalyptus was an exception. Rotations of monocrops, namely pineapple?cassava and sugarcane?cassava, or intercropping, namely coconut?cassava, also had a higher plant diversity as compared to monocropping of shrubs. The highest species utility index of 61 was found in orchards, the lowest of 9 was found in Eucalyptus plantations. Plant diversity was found to have a significant positive correlation with biomass and a negative, though non-significant, correlation with soil erosion. Plant diversity, Agricultural land uses, Biomass, Erosion, Thailand China English Shrestha RP, Schmidt-Vogt D and Gnanavelrajah N. 2010. Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eastern seaboard of Thailand. Applied Geography. : P. 1-12. GRP 6 2402 JA 380 JA0380-10 Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of perceptions and practices Sujata Manandhar, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Sylvain R. Perret and Futaba Kazama 2010 Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag 14 Climate change is a global challenge that has a particularly strong effect on developing countries such as Nepal, where adaptive capacity is low and where agriculture, which is highly dependent on climatic factors, is the main source of income for the majority of people. The nature and extent of the effects of climate change on rural livelihoods varies across Nepal in accordance with its highly diverse environmental conditions. In order to capture some of this variability, a comparative study was performed in two different ecological regions: Terai (lowland) and Mountain (upland) in the western development region of Nepal. The study focuses on perceptions of, and on adaptations to climate change by farmers. Information was collected from both primary and secondary data sources. Climate data were analyzed through trend analysis. Results show that most farmers perceive climate change acutely and respond to it, based on their own indigenous knowledge and experiences, through both agricultural and non-agricultural adaptations at an individual level. The study also shows that there is a need to go beyond the individual level, and to plan and provide support for appropriate technologies and strategies in order to cope with the expected increasing impacts of climate change. Climate change, Ecological regions, Indigenous knowledge, Adaptation, Nepal DOI 10.1007/s10113-010-0137-1 China English Manandhar S, Schmidt-Vogt D, Perret SR and Kazama F. 2010. Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of perceptions and practices. Regional Environmental Change. : P. 14. GRP 5 2401 BC 301 BC0301-10 Accessibility as a Determinant of Environmental Dynamics and Socio-economic Disparities in Mainland Southeast Asia Michael Epprecht, Andreas Heinimann, Peter Messerli, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt and Urs Wiesmann Hans Hurni, Urs Wiesmann and an international group of co-editors 2010 Global Change and Sustainable Development A Synthesis of Regional Experiences from Research Partnerships Perspectives of the Swiss National Centre of Compe-tence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern Bern, Switzer-land 5 371-384 ISBN: 978-3-905835-13-7 Access and accessibility are important determinants of people?s ability to utilise natural resources, and have a strong impact on household welfare. Physical accessibility of natural resources, on the other hand, has generally been regarded as one of the most important drivers of land-use and land-cover changes. Based on two case studies, this article discusses evidence of the impact of access to services and access to natural resources on household poverty and on the environment. We show that socio-cultural distances are a key limiting factor for gaining access to services, and thereby for improved household welfare. We also discuss the impact of socio-cultural distances on access to natural resources, and show that large-scale commercial exploitation of natural resources tends to occur beyond the spatial reach of socio-culturally and economically marginalised population segments. We conclude that it is essential to pay more attention to improving the structural environment that presently leaves social minority groups marginalised. Innovative approaches that use natural resource management to induce poverty reduction ? for example, through compensation of local farmers for environmental services ? appear to be promising avenues that can lead to integration of the objectives of poverty reduction and sustainable environmental stewardship. Accessibility; social distance; poverty; forest cover change; Southeast Asia China English Epprecht M, Heinimann A, Messerli P, Schmidt-Vogt D and Wiesmann U. 2010. Accessibility as a Determinant of Environmental Dynamics and Socio-economic Disparities in Mainland Southeast Asia. In: Hurni H, Wiesmann U and an international group of co-editors ,eds. Global Change and Sustainable Development A Synthesis of Regional Experiences from Research Partnerships. Bern, Switzer-land. : Perspectives of the Swiss National Centre of Compe-tence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern. P. 371-384. 2400 JA 379 JA0379-10 The myth of community and sustainable grassland management in China Andreas Wilkes, Jingzheng Tan and Mandula 2010 Frontiers of Earth Science in China Springer 4 1 59-66 Within national and international domestic academic circles, there are increasing calls for enhanced involvement of communities in formulating and implementing grassland management arrangements. In contrast to the current national policy of contracting grasslands to households, many scholars call for support for collective grassland use arrangements. Several reasons are given for increased recognition and support for community-based management of grasslands, including lower costs of exclusion and dispute resolution, economies of scale in herding and marketing, mitigation of environmental risk, and ensuring equitable access to grassland resources. One conclusion from this literature is that devolving authority for designing and implementing grassland management systems to communities would lead to more sustainable grassland use, a position that I term as the ?myth of community.? This paper presents the results of a study of grazing systems in two communities in Hongyuan County, Sichuan Province. Each community uses its grasslands collectively. However, the study found evidence of severe overgrazing, especially in winter pastures, suggesting that community-based management of grasslands is not necessarily sustainable. The paper discusses three potential policy innovations required to support sustainable grazing systems in China?s grassland areas: overcoming constraints in labor and land markets, and payments for environmental services that reward sustainable stocking levels. community, grassland management, sustainable development DOI 10.1007/s11707-010-0009-5 China English Wilkes A, Tan J and Mandula . 2010. The myth of community and sustainable grassland management in China. Frontiers of Earth Science in China. 4(1):P. 59-66. GRP 6 2399 JA 378 JA0378-10 Agrobiodiversity and biocultural heritage in the Dulong valley, China Shicai Shen, Andreas Wilkes, Jie Qian, Lun Yin, Jian Ren and Fudou Zhang 2010 Mountain Research and Development the International Mountain Society (IMS) 30 3 205-211 Swidden agriculture is central to the livelihoods and culture of the Dulong people in northwest Yunnan, China. In 2002, the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) was first being implemented in the Dulong Valley. Under this program, all swidden land and most permanent arable lands were converted to forest, in return for which villagers received grain subsidies. In view of the importance of traditional agriculture in Dulong livelihoods and culture, and the potential uniqueness of agrobiodiversity in the Dulong Valley, the Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge (CBIK), a nongovernmental organization based in Yunnan, has been undertaking surveys and action research on the impacts of the SLCP since 2005. By drawing on previous studies, data provided by the local government, and a new survey of the current status of traditional crop cultivation conducted in 2 villages in 2009, this article describes some of the impacts of the SLCP on agrobiodiversity, livelihoods, and traditional culture in the Dulong Valley. Results of surveys found that, before 2002, at least 12 crop types were commonly planted in swiddens, including 7 underutilized species. By 2009, only a minority of households continued to cultivate these crops. Changes in land use and grain availability have also led to a significant reduction in the number of livestock raised, and, in some cases, animal genetic diversity is being threatened. Elder Dulong villagers are concerned that these changes will lead to the erosion of traditional culture. The article also describes activities that are now being conducted to conserve agrobiodiversity and support cultural transmission in Dulong Valley. Events such as seed fairs, arts competitions, and revival of swidden cultivation on a small scale have attracted the attention of villagers and local government, and conservation of agrobiodiversity through value addition is now on the agenda. Swidden agriculture, Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP), agrobiodiversity, conservation, Dulong, Yunnan, China China English Shen S, Wilkes A, Qian J, Yin L, Ren J and Zhang F. 2010. Agrobiodiversity and biocultural heritage in the Dulong valley, China. Mountain Research and Development. 30(3):P. 205-211. GRP 6 2398 JA 377 JA0377-10 The importance of ethnoveterinary treatments for pig illnesses in poor, ethnic minority communities: a case study of Nu people in Yunnan, China Shicai Shen, Andreas Wilkes and Vernooy Ronnie 2010 International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Solutions LLC 8 1 53-59 This paper reports the results of research on farmers? pig health practices in three poor Nu villages in Yunnan, China. The research found that pigs are an important household asset; illness and disease are major constraints on pig rearing; farmers have rich knowledge of traditional ethnoveterinary practices; for most illnesses, farmers choose to use traditional curative practices rather than seek formal veterinary service providers. Factors influencing the farmers? choice of treatment and provider include: availability of alternatives, distance to providers, indirect costs of travel, and direct costs of treatments. Farmers? animal health care practices depend to a high degree on traditional knowledge and there are obstacles to accessing formal providers. In this situation there is potential value in validating ethnoveterinary practices and spreading knowledge of practices that are found to be effective. Ethnoveterinary treatment, pig illness, Nu people, Yunnan China English Shen S, Wilkes A and Ronnie V. 2010. The importance of ethnoveterinary treatments for pig illnesses in poor, ethnic minority communities: a case study of Nu people in Yunnan, China. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine. 8(1):P. 53-59. GRP 1 2397 JA 376 JA0376-10 Water Policies in China: A Critical Perspective on Gender Equity Lu Caizhen 2010 Gender, Technology and Development Gender and Development Program of the Asian Institute of Technology 13 3 319-339 China embarked on water reform in 2002 by revising the ?Water Law of The People?s Republic of China? to promote participatory irrigation management to ensure water users? access to water and enhance their participation in sustainable water management. This article analyses how social and gender equity is addressed at the national, local, and institutional levels in the water reform process, with particular attention to how strategic gender needs are addressed in water policies and institutions. The article shows how social equity is only partly covered in some of the policies and that not all policies and institutions are sensitive to social and gender issues. Many water-related aspects of policy fail to address gender equity in the explicit terms of women?s strategic gender needs. To ensure gender equity in future water policy, all policies and institutions in the water sector at central and at local levels should have a clear mandate to include a perspective on social and gender equity to address women?s strategic gender needs, particularly among water users who are small-scale producers. China, gender equity, integrated water resource management, strategic gender needs, water reform, water user association DOI: 10.1177/097185241001300301 China English Caizhen L. 2010. Water Policies in China: A Critical Perspective on Gender Equity. Gender, Technology and Development. 13(3):P. 319-339. GRP 5 2396 JA 375 JA0375-10 Who is poor in China? A comparison of alternative approaches to poverty assessment in Rural Yunnan Lu Caizhen 2010 Journal of Peasant Studies 37 2 407 - 428 Despite widespread recognition of the multidimensionality of poverty among social scientists and policymakers, the monetary approach still dominates poverty assessment. However, it is possible that different poverty assessment methodologies identify dissimilar households as poor, leading to disparate policies for poverty reduction. This empirical research applies four approaches to poverty identification to the same population of rural households in Wuding County, Yunnan Province, PRC. These approaches include China's official poverty identification method, participatory poverty assessment (PPA), the monetary approach to poverty assessment, and use of multidimensional poverty indicators (MDI). This study discovered that these four approaches generate different aggregate poverty incidences, identifying different households with distinctly different characteristics as poor. Each approach evaluates different aspects and dimensions, highlighting some characteristics while concealing others. There is very little overlap among the poor households identified by each methodology. This has implications at the conceptual, methodological, and policy levels. The conceptual understanding of poverty should be broadened to include multidimensional and multidisciplinary socioeconomic indicators. Multiple approaches must be applied in order to avoid marginalising some aspects of poverty. Poverty reduction strategies should shift from promoting short-term income-generating activities to a broader combination of strategies that address the inter-linked structural causes of poverty. poverty assessment; poor; alternative approaches; China; Asia China English Caizhen L. 2010. Who is poor in China? A comparison of alternative approaches to poverty assessment in Rural Yunnan. Journal of Peasant Studies. 37(2):P. 407 - 428. GRP 5 2392 JA 374 JA0374-10 People, money, and protected areas: the collection of the caterpillar mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve, Southwest China Caroline S. Weckerle, Yongping Yang, Franz K. Huber and Qiaohong Li 2010 Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 19 9 2685-2698 Ophiocordyceps sinensis<\i> (syn. Cordyceps sinensis<\i>) is among the most valuable mushrooms in the world, and plays a major role for the local economies in its distribution area on the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. Large proportions of its habitat fall into protected areas, and best practice of sustainable harvest is under discussion, considering both, O. sinensis<\i> as a valuable income source for rural poor and protection of its populations and habitat. This study aims for a detailed analysis of O. sinensis<\i> collection in a nature reserve in Southwest China. We found that harvesting is unevenly distributed among households and villages, with households who have access to the resource but lack adequate alternatives for income generation such as rewarding wage labor, fertile agricultural fields or harvest of other high value products being most involved. Although collection is de jure forbidden, authorities of the nature reserve apply adaptive management strategies for sustainable resource use. This includes the allocation of collection areas to communities based on their traditional land use strategies and the control of harvesters from outside, triggering self-policing of the resource by the local people. The strategies applied provide a promising model also for other protected areas where the caterpillar mushroom is collected.]]> Cordyceps sinensis<\i> · Medicinal mushroom · Natural resources · Tibet · Yunnan]]> DOI 10.1007/s10531-010-9867-0 China English Weckerle CS, Yongping Y, Huber FK and Li Q. 2010. People, money, and protected areas: the collection of the caterpillar mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve, Southwest China. Biodiversity and Conservation. 19(9):P. 2685-2698. GRP 3 2391 RP 261 RP0261-10 Improving Economic Outcomes for Smallholders Growing Teak in Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2010 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Annual Report 2010 Southeast Asia English Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office . Improving Economic Outcomes for Smallholders Growing Teak in Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia.. Annual Report 2010Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 2390 JA 373 JA0373-10 Tamarindus indica tropical populations genetic structure P. Nyadoi, Ramni Jamndadass, P. Okori, J.B.L Okullo, J Obua, Magogo Nassoro, Haji Saleh, Pushpakumara DKN, James M Roshetko, Antoine Kalinganire, A. Muchugi, August B Temu, S. Fluch and K. Burg 2010 Gene Conserve Gene Conserve 9 37 152-166 Tamarindus<\i>]]> Southeast Asia English Tamarindus indica<\i> tropical populations genetic structure. Gene Conserve. 9(37):P. 152-166.]]> GRP 1 2389 JA 372 JA0372-10 Globalised forest-products: commodification of the matsutake mushroom in Tibetan villages, Yunnan, Southwest China Jun He 2010 International Forestry Review The Commonwealth Forestry Association 12 1 27-37 Recent economic policies in China demonstrate a growing recognition of the potential of the commercial utilization of Non-timber forest products to contribute to sustainable forest management and improve local livelihoods. However, little attention has been paid to understanding the socio-political contexts or the distributional effects of NTFP commercialization. This commodity chain analysis of the matsutake mushroom market in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, identifies the different actors involved in the trade and mechanisms that shape their access to, and benefits from, the market. This study finds that market regulations meant to promote exports have constrained market development and limited participation at the most lucrative node in the chain to a few powerful actors. Also, while economic activities continue to be structured by local cultural, historical and political forces, the interactions between local and global processes significantly shape distributional equity in the matsutake commodity chain. Commodity Chain, Political Ecology, Access to Resource, NTFP, Middlemen China English 0 He J. 2010. Globalised forest-products: commodification of the matsutake mushroom in Tibetan villages, Yunnan, Southwest China. International Forestry Review. 12(1):P. 27-37. GRP 3 2388 RP 260 RP0260-10 Eco-certified Natural Rubber from Sustainable Rubber Agroforestry in Sumatra, Indonesia Beria Leimona and Laxman Joshi 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Project Final Report 36 This project applies an action research method to analyze and test eco-certification of jungle rubber as a mechanism for conserving biodiversity and enhancing the livelihood of rubber-growers in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Jungle rubber is a traditional agroforestry system practiced by farmers in rural areas of Jambi. This system has been practiced since 1904 and the rubber plantation commences with slash and burning land after which rain-fed paddy and perennials are planted. Farmers then allow natural vegetation to grow amongst the rubber trees. They selectively nurture some economically valuable plants to create a mix of food, medicine, timber and fibre-producing trees. This system is also commonly called ?rubber agroforestry?. Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B and Joshi L. Eco-certified Natural Rubber from Sustainable Rubber Agroforestry in Sumatra, Indonesia. Project Final ReportBogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 36 p. GRP 3 2387 MA 46 MA0046-10 Meranti (Dipterocarpaceae) in rubber agroforests: Does it need ectomycorrhizal inoculation? Hesti L. Tata 2008 Majalah Kehutanan Indonesia 1 27-29 Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 1, GRP 2 2386 PP 291 PP0291-10 Can rubber agroforests conserve biodiversity in Jambi (Sumatra)? Hesti L. Tata, Saida Rasnovi, Meine van Noordwijk and Marinus J.A. Werger 2008 Proceedings of the Indonesian Students? Scientific Meeting Delft, The Netherlands 1-6 10 cm dbh, selective thinning by farmers leads to reduction of species diversity. Ex-situ conservation in RAF is challenging and will need to be based on a participatory approach to increase awareness of opportunities and threats, and has to provide appropriate incentives to maintain the endangered species and enrich the RAF with trees that have direct use values for farmers and the local community that traditionally had access to RAF under customary law.]]> Indonesia, species richness, vegetation structure Southeast Asia English Tata HL, Rasnovi S, van Noordwijk M and Werger MJ. 2008. Can rubber agroforests conserve biodiversity in Jambi (Sumatra)?. Proceedings of the Indonesian Students’ Scientific Meeting. Delft, The Netherlands. GRP 6 2385 PP 290 PP0290-10 Forests as provider of tree diversity in rubber agroforest in lowland Sumatra Hesti L. Tata, Meine van Noordwijk, Saida Rasnovi and Marinus J.A. Werger 2009 XIII World Forestry Congress Buenos Aires, Argentina 11 Agroforests combine farmer-planted trees with selective retention of trees from natural forest regeneration to provide vegetation that is enriched in useful species, at low cost of labour and input relative to ?plantations?. The forest context in the landscape is the main source of tree germplasm and as such provides an ?environmental service? to the fa rmer. This service is poorly quantified and probably under-appreciated. This study compared tree diversity in seedling, sapling and tree stages in rubber agroforest (RAF) and natural forest in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia). The tree species in forest and RAF were classified based on seed dispersal types and IUCN red list. Intensity of RAF management by farmer was grouped. The data were analysed to clarify natural processes and farmer management in species turnover. Main conclusions are: 1) RAF and forest provide similar habitat, but RAF contains less species with known dependence on ectomycorrhiza, 2) Species richness and species accumulation curves for the seedling and sapling stages were similar between RAF and natural secondary forest, with under representation of large-seeded (autochorous) short-distance dispersal mode in RAF, 3) Major loss of tree diversity occurs in RAF between sapling and tree stage by selective culling, 4) Most trees retained in RAF have known use for local livelihoods and/or markets, 5) RAF plays some, but modest, role in survival of endangered tree species in the landscape, as evident from ?red list? trees of ?critically endangered? and ?endangered? species. We conclude that the forest matrix around rubber agroforests has so far provided the service of a continuous influx of a very diverse tree flora that includes many useful trees. With the rapid loss of natural forest from the landscape, this service is at risk and more pro-active tree recruitment by farmers will be necessary if they want to maintain agroforests with high diversity. Agroforest, conservation, dispersal, Dipterocarpaceae, species richness Southeast Asia English 0 Tata HL, van Noordwijk M, Rasnovi S and Werger MJ. 2009. Forests as provider of tree diversity in rubber agroforest in lowland Sumatra. XIII World Forestry Congress. Buenos Aires, Argentina. GRP 6 2384 JA 371 JA0371-10 Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review Ian K. Dawson, Barbara Vinceti, John C. Weber, Henry Neufeldt, Joanne Russell, Ard G. Lengkeek, Antoine Kalinganire, Roeland Kindt, Jens-Peter B. Lillesø, James M Roshetko and Ramni Jamnadass 2011 Agroforestry Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 81 1 67-78 Anthropogenic climate change has significant consequences for the sustainability and productivity of agroforestry ecosystems upon which millions of smallholders in the tropics depend and that provide valuable global services. We here consider the current state of knowledge of the impacts of climate change on tree genetic resources and implications for action in a smallholder setting. Required measures to respond to change include: (1) the facilitated translocation of environmentally-matched germplasm across appropriate geographic scales, (2) the elevation of effective population sizes of tree stands through the promotion of pollinators and other farm management interventions; and (3) the use of a wider range of ?plastic? species and populations for planting. Key bottlenecks to response that are discussed here include limitations in the international exchange of tree seed and seedlings, and the absence of wellfunctioning delivery systems to provide smallholders with better-adapted planting material. Greater research on population-level environmental responses in indigenous tree species is important, and more studies of animal pollinators in farm landscapes are required. The development of well-functioning markets for new products that farmers can grow in order to mitigate and adapt to anthropogenic climate change must also consider genetic resource issues, as we describe. Tropical smallholder agroforestry, Tree genetic resources, Climate change ISSN: 0167-4366 (Print) 1572-9680 (Online) DOI: 10.1007/s10457-010-9302-2 Southeast Asia English 0 Dawson IK, Vinceti B, Weber JC, Neufeldt H, Russell J, Lengkeek AG, Kalinganire A, Kindt R, Lillesø JB, Roshetko JM and Jamnadass R. 2010. Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review. Agroforestry Systems. : P. 12. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 5, GRP 6, TAMMU 2383 PB 9 PB0009-10 Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU. An approach toward reduce emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD/REDD+) and national appropriate mitigation action - NAMA (in Vietnam language) ICRAF Vietnam 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 2. Cross-sectoral efforts including land-use planning for an effective REDD+ implementation is recommended
3. The REALU approach increases the possibilities to achieve a sustainable REDD+ as ir provides a more effective approach in addressing leakages drivers of deforestation and degradation and enhancing participation of land users including indigenous people in to REDD process
4. The two most challenging issues for REDD+ and cross-sectoral approach: a. The country still locks a uniform REDD-related database, including a unified land classification
b. Applicable methods and tools for cross-sectoral and cross-level REDD+ coordination and implementation]]> Vietnam Vietnamese ICRAF Vietnam. 2010. Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU. An approach toward reduce emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD/REDD+) and national appropriate mitigation action - NAMA (in Vietnam language). Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 5 2382 PB 8 PB0008-10 Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU. An approach toward reduce emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD/REDD+) and national appropriate mitigation action - NAMA ICRAF Vietnam 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 2. Cross-sectoral efforts including land-use planning for an effective REDD+ implementation is recommended
3. The REALU approach increases the possibilities to achieve a sustainable REDD+ as ir provides a more effective approach in addressing leakages drivers of deforestation and degradation and enhancing participation of land users including indigenous people in to REDD process
4. The two most challenging issues for REDD+ and cross-sectoral approach: a. The country still locks a uniform REDD-related database, including a unified land classification
b. Applicable methods and tools for cross-sectoral and cross-level REDD+ coordination and implementation]]> Vietnam English ICRAF Vietnam. 2010. Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU. An approach toward reduce emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD/REDD+) and national appropriate mitigation action - NAMA. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 5 2381 WP 133 WP0133-10 Agroforestry competencies and human resources needs in the Philippines Lutgarda L. Tolentino, Leila Landicho and Jesus C. Fernandez 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 99 21
At present, most national and local line agencies and development organizations avail themselves of such manpower requirement by tapping external experts and/or by retooling their existing staff through short-term training programs and mentoring. The Philippine Agroforestry Education and Research Network (PAFERN) and the National Agroforesters? Association of the Philippines (NAAP) are expected to play key roles in creating continuing formal and informal education activities and enhancing the necessary linkages to meet the agroforestry competency requirements of organizations engaged in agroforestry development in the country.]]> agroforestry education, agroforestry competencies, agroforestry human resources needs, Philippines Southeast Asia English Tolentino LL, Landicho L and Fernandez JC. 2010. Agroforestry competencies and human resources needs in the Philippines. Working paper no 99Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 21 p. GRP 6 2380 WP 132 WP0132-10 Case study approach to region-wide curriculum and teaching materials development in agroforestry education in Southeast Asia Jesus. C Fernandez and Per G Rudebjer 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no. 101 27
SEANAFE's project experiences have proven that building capacity to develop region-wide urriculum frameworks and teaching materials using the case study approach is feasible. The approach has also helped promote participatory curriculum development, maximize experiential and peer-based learning among teachers in the region, and enhance collaboration among SEANAFE member institutions.]]> agroforestry education, capacity building, curriculum development, teaching materials development, Southeast Asia, agroforestry marketing, agroforestry landscape analysis Southeast Asia English 0 Fernandez JC and Rudebjer PG. 2010. Case study approach to region-wide curriculum and teaching materials development in agroforestry education in Southeast Asia. Working paper no. 101Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 27 p. GRP 6 2379 PO 233 PO0233-10 Pemanfaatan aliran sungai sebagai sumber energi alternatif Jasnari and Damsir Chaniago 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Muara Bungo, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Jasnari and Chaniago D. Pemanfaatan aliran sungai sebagai sumber energi alternatif. : Muara Bungo, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2, GRP 6 2378 PO 232 PO0232-10 Hutan desa Lubuk Beringin Ratna Akiefnawati and Iman Budisetiawan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Muara Bungo, Indonesia Lubuk Beringin berada di kecamatan Bathin III Ulu, Kabupaten Bungo, Propinsi Jambi. Secara topografi datar sampai bergelombang dengan ketinggian 450-1.316 m dpl. Jumlah penduduk 331 jiwa (157 jiwa laki-laki dan 174 perempuan) dalam 89 KK. Mayoritas penduduk beragama islan dan asal etnis Melayu Jambi Southeast Asia Indonesian Akiefnawati R and Budisetiawan I. Hutan desa Lubuk Beringin. : Muara Bungo, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2, GRP 6 2377 BK 143 BK0143-10 RaTA: A Rapid Land Tenure Assessment manual for identifying the nature of land tenure conflicts Gamma Galudra, Martua T Sirait, Gamal Pasya, Chip C Fay, S. Suyanto, Meine van Noordwijk and Ujjwal Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 80 979-3198-48-4
1. To provide a practical introduction to the relationship between land tenure and land claims, whether we are talking about how land claim issues function as causal or aggravating factors in conflict, or whether we are thinking about land claims that arise in post-conflict settings.

2. To contribute towards the improvement of land tenure policies through a better understanding of land tenure systemdynamics and pluralism.

3. To familiarize practitioners with a range of interventions and to sensitize officers to the fact that confusing policies can inadvertently cause competing land claims to erupt.

The Manual is not a comparative analysis of different systems andmethods, nor is it a theoretical investigation on land tenure approaches. Many rapid appraisal methods share similar global objectives and principles, and different methodological frameworks can be used. The Manual does not intend to provide an overall view of these methods. Instead, the Manual is primarily an educational instrument for readers looking for new, efficient and adapted methods and tools. It aims to obtain immediate results by offering a tried and tested methodology for immediate field use. The Manual offers practical tools developed all over Indonesia in World Agroforestry Centre-South East Asia projects and used by other development agencies in the past few years. It should also contribute, however, to improved investigation and development skills amongst those carrying out field studies. This is even more important because it is also a self-training process for those carrying out the project.

The target audience includes development technicians working in national institutions in charge of land conflict and competing claims, NGO field experts, and government officers. The Manual also aims to help technicians and consultantswho have been working on land conflict issues and are carrying out land tenure studies, and are proposing policies to improve land tenure.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Galudra G, Sirait MT, Pasya G, Fay CC, Suyanto S, van Noordwijk M and Pradhan U. 2010. RaTA: A Rapid Land Tenure Assessment manual for identifying the nature of land tenure conflicts. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 80 p. GRP 6 2376 PB 7 PB0007-10 Penilaian kondisi daerah aliran sungai dengan metode PaLA dan model Flow persistence Erik Setiawan, Tonni Asmawan and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Policy brief no. 08 4 Flow Persistence, namun terdapat potensi ancaman kerusakan baik pada aspek biofisik dan aspek kelembagaan kelompok petani hutan.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian flow persistence<\i>. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p.]]> GRP 6 2375 PB 6 PB0006-10 Sistem agroforestri di kawasan penyangga hutan lindung Sesaot: potensinya sebagai penambat karbon Subekti Rahayu, Erik Setiawan and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Policy brief no. 07 4
Peningkatan jumlah pohon (kayu dan MPTs) yang ditanam dalam suatu luasan akan meningkatkan serapan karbon

Sistem agroforestri pada lahan milik yang didominasi pohon kayu-kayuan dan buahbuahan menyimpan karbon lebih banyak karena umur tanamannya lebih tua

Penurunan kesuburan tanah pada sistem agroforestri di lahan kawasan relatif lebih rendah daripada di lahan milik.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahayu S, Setiawan E and Suyanto S. 2010. Sistem agroforestri di kawasan penyangga hutan lindung Sesaot: potensinya sebagai penambat karbon. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 4 p. GRP 2 2374 PB 5 PB0005-10 Noviana Khususiyah, R. Yana Buana and S. Suyanto 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Policy brief no. 06 4
Proporsi pendapatan dari lahan kawasan berkisar antara 33% - 59%

Kepastian hukum melalui pemberian ijin HKm sangat diperlukan sebagai insentif untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan lahan yang lebih baik

Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No. P 13/ Menhut-II/2010, dapat dijadikan acuan dalam mempercepat penetapan areal kerja Hkm

Saat ini baru satu kelompok yang memperoleh ijin pengelolaan HKm, sehingga diperlukan fasilitasi bagi kelompok HKm lainnya di Sesaot.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2373 PB 4 PB0004-10 Local Incentive-Based Policy for Vegetable-Agroforestry: a locally-appropriate adaptation and mitigation action (LAAMA) to climate change Delia Catacutan and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2010 SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) Laguna, Philippines VAF Policy Brief Series, Issue No. 3 4 This policy brief series is developed for policy-makers, to help improve their understanding on existing gaps between national and local policies in relation to smallholder investments in Vegetable- Agroforestry (VAf) in the Philippines. In the fi rst brief, we presented a snapshot of the policy environment surrounding VAf. We highlighted the importance of developing local policies to address particular needs of smallholders, where national policies are slow to address. In the second brief, we discussed the roles of smallholders in national economic development as embodied in the Magna Carta for Small Farmers. In this brief, we highlight the experience of Lantapan Municipality in developing an incentive-based policy to promote VAf as a locally-appropriate adaptation and mitigation action (LAAMA) to climate change. Philippines English 0 Catacutan D and Duque-Piñon C. 2010. Local Incentive-Based Policy for Vegetable-Agroforestry: a locally-appropriate adaptation and mitigation action (LAAMA) to climate change. Laguna, Philippines. SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines). 4 p. GRP 6 2372 JA 370 JA0370-10 Biodiversity and agricultural sustainagility: from assessment to adaptive management Louise Jackson, Meine van Noordwijk, Janne Bengtsson, William Foster, Leslie Lipper, Mirjam Pulleman, Mohammed Said, Jake Snaddon and Raymond Vodouhe 2010 Current opinion in Environmental Sustainability Elsevier B.V. 2 1-2 80-87 Rapid changes in land use, food systems, and livelihoods require social?ecological systems that keep multiple options open and prepare for future unpredictability. Sustainagility refers to the properties and assets of a system that sustain the ability (agility) of agents to adapt andmeet their needs in newways. In contrast, sustainability tends to invoke persistence along current trajectories, and the resilience to return to current baselines. With three examples, the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity is explored along temporal, spatial, and human institutional scales for its role in sustainagility: first, farmers? seed systems; second, complex pollination systems; and third, wildlife conservation in agricultural areas with high poverty. Incentives are necessary if agrobiodiversity is to provide benefits to future generations. Southeast Asia English 0 Jackson L, van Noordwijk M, Bengtsson J, Foster W, Lipper L, Pulleman M, Said M, Snaddon J and Vodouhe R. 2010. Biodiversity and agricultural sustainagility: from assessment to adaptive management. Current opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2(1-2):P. 80-87. GRP 6 2371 WP 131 WP0131-10 Stewardship agreement to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD): Lubuk Beringin's hutan desa as the first village forest in Indonesia Ratna Akiefnawati, Grace B.Villamor, Farid Zulfikar, Iman Budisetiawan, Elok Mulyoutami, Asep Ayat and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working paper no 102 39 Contested rules between the state and local communities over the use and protection of forests are a threat to Indonesia?s forests, environmental services and livelihoods. Success in forest protection and reducing emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD) requires conflict resolution. The recent village forest (Hutan Desa) regulation by the Minister of Forestry (P.49/Menhut-II/2008) details how to reconcile forest management targets and livelihood interests of forest-edge villages within the framework of a permanent forest estate. Lubuk Beringin in Bungo district, Jambi Province, Sumatra, became the first village in Indonesia to secure such an agreement. Our analysis of the process, stakes and social capital that bridged local, district and national levels for the Hutan Desa agreement aims to help in reducing transaction costs for wider application as part of any REDD schemes, identifies locally appropriate mitigation action as part of national strategies and examines co-investment in stewardship for local, national and global benefits. Action research, Community Forest Management, Hutan Desa, REDD+, village forest Southeast Asia English Akiefnawati R, Villamor GB, Zulfikar F, Budisetiawan I, Mulyoutami E, Ayat A and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Stewardship agreement to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD): Lubuk Beringin's hutan desa as the first village forest in Indonesia. Working paper no 102Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 39 p. GRP 2, GRP 6 2370 WP 130 WP0130-10 Hot Spot of Emission and Confusion: Land Tenure Insecurity, Contested Policies and Competing Claims in the Central Kalimantan Ex-Mega Rice Project Area Gamma Galudra, Meine van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto, Idris Sardi and Ujjwal Pradhan 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 98 34
The area described here became a hot spot of conflict over land-use rights when the central government initiated the Mega Rice Project in 1995. This project did not fully recognize the land-use rights of existing local communities in that area, and brought in new stakeholders with claims derived from central authority. Consequently, conflicts erupted. Historically, the rights of the local community had been recognized and legalized during Dutch Colonial rule, at a time that external interest focused elsewhere. However, in the 1970s, an agrarian study conducted by the government found no evidence let alone proof of local community land rights in the area. Based on this study, the government issued logging concessions and then began a peatland conversion project without considering local community land-use rights as legitimate rights. When the Mega Rice Project was axed in 1999 to become the Ex Mega Rice Project, no government institution was in place to manage the area and coordinate. The local government initiatives encouraged oil palm investors and passed two local regulations on spatial land use planning, in 2002 and 2003. Consequently, several oil palm plantations commenced operation. After wider public debate and international attention for the high emission estimates for drained peatland in 2007, the central government passed a decree that limited the operations of oil palm plantations and targeted the area as a pioneer for ecological restoration and emission reduction. This condition created uncertainty regarding who actually owned the rights to use the land. Multiple claims on land-use rights occurred not only between the government and local communities, but also among the local communities and between local and central government. Contestation over various aspects of rights pervaded through many entities and scales of government.

A business-as-usual approach (a top down approach by not taking into account existing institutions and practices and conflicts) to forest policies and governance cannot be an option if climate change mitigation is to be achieved by reducing emissions from this ex-forest landscape that still contains substantial tree cover and ecological value. REDD cannot be effective in such a peat dome landscape unless a governance and collective action scheme emerges that acknowledges rights and claims that derive from the various phases of local history. International development and recognition of REDD mechanisms must include tools to monitor the implementation of governance and other reforms necessary for the recognition of local rights, negotiated relations and rights, along with incentives t o support an alternative development pathway.]]> Southeast Asia English -1 Galudra G, van Noordwijk M, Suyanto S, Sardi I and Pradhan U. 2010. Hot Spot of Emission and Confusion: Land Tenure Insecurity, Contested Policies and Competing Claims in the Central Kalimantan Ex-Mega Rice Project Area. Working Paper no 98Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 34 p. GRP 6 2369 RP 259 RP0259-10 Designing a procurement auction for reducing sedimentation: a field experiment in Indonesia Beria Leimona, Broke Kelsey Jack, Betha Lusiana and Rachman Pasha 2010 EEPSEA research report Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Singapore 2009-RR10 45 56 The setting of this study is a watershed area in Lampung, Indonesia, where soil erosion has broad implications for both on-site and off-site environmental damage. Payment for environmental services (PES) is a conditional and voluntary policy option that, in this study, provides incentives for maintaining watershed functions. A key condition of PES is transparency regarding the conditions under which incentives or rewards can be granted. Balanced information and the power of transaction are the basis for any environmental service (ES). A contract procurement auction is an alternative mechanism for extracting information from ES providers on levels of payments or incentives that will cover their costs when joining a conservation program. In this paper we focus on designing a procurement auction method to reveal hidden information on the opportunity costs of supplying environmental services. This is an initial application of a procurement auction method in a rural setting in a developing country. Our study resulted in a set of auction rules for determining how limited watershed rehabilitation funds could be allocated. We examined the applicability of such an auction design in an Indonesian rural setting by testing: (1) auction design factors, such as: participants? understanding of auction rules, the ease-of-use of these rules, the appropriateness of the participants? bid offered during the auction, and the fairness of the auction process; (2) social factors, such as: impact on relationship between contracted and non-contracted farmers, general interpersonal relationships between communities, and information exchange amongst farmers; (3) environmental factors, such as: awareness of soil and water conservation and the rate of contract completion. Our results show that a sealed-bid, multiple round, second-price Vickrey auction with a uniform price can be applied where most of the auction participants have a low education level, low asset endowment, small plot size, and where market-based competitiveness is not common. Our finding is that farmers? bids to be involved in conservation contracts is more dependent on their learning process during the auction than observable factors such as their socioeconomic background, their awareness of conservation, and their social capital state. It was also found that introducing procurement auction as a market-based approach to rural communities does not harm their social relationships and is an applicable method in a rural setting. Nevertheless, this learning process does not guarantee the successful accomplishment of a conservation contract. The rate of contract accomplishment was moderate and this may be influenced by many other factors such as the farmer groups? leadership and their institutional arrangements for conducting conservation activities. The implication of these findings is that designing a proper conservation auction method and estimating the 'right' value for contracts form only minimal requirements for the success of any conservation contract. Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B, Kelsey Jack B, Lusiana B and Pasha R. Designing a procurement auction for reducing sedimentation: a field experiment in Indonesia. 2009-RR10Singapore. : Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA). 2010. 45 p. GRP 6, RUPES 2368 JA 369 JA0369-10 Importance and impacts of intermediary boundary organizations in facilitating payment for environmental services in Vietnam Pham Thu Thuy, Bruce M Campbell, Stephen Garnett, Heather Aslin and Hoang Minh Ha 2010 Environmental Conservation Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1-9 Intermediaries are seen as important actors in facilitating payments for environmental services (PES). However, few data exist on the adequacy of the services provided by intermediaries and the impacts of their interventions. Using four PES case studies in Vietnam, this paper analyses the roles of government agencies, non-government organizations, international agencies, local organizations and professional consulting firms as PES intermediaries. The findings indicate that these intermediaries are essential in supporting PES establishment. Their roles are as service and information providers, mediators, arbitrators, equalizers, representatives, watchdogs, developers of standards and bridge builders. Concerns have been raised about the quality of intermediaries? participatory work, political influence on intermediaries? activities and the neutral status of intermediaries. Although local organizations are strongly driven by the government, they are important channels for the poor to express their opinions. However, to act as environmental services (ES) sellers, local organizations need to overcome numerous challenges, particularly related to capacity for monitoring ES and enforcement of contracts. Relationships amongst intermediaries are complex and should be carefully examined by PES stakeholders to avoid negative impact on the poor. Each of the intermediaries may operate at a different level and can have different functions but a multi-sector approach is required for an effective PES implementation. environmental services, intermediaries, local organizations, payment for environmental services, pro-poor, Vietnam doi:10.1017/S037689291000024X Vietnam English Thuy PT, Campbell BM, Garnett S, Aslin H and Hoang MH. 2010. Importance and impacts of intermediary boundary organizations in facilitating payment for environmental services in Vietnam. Environmental Conservation. : P. 1-9. GRP 6 2362 BK 142 BK0142-10 The case of Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed assessing climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation Rodel D. Lasco, Rex Victor O. Cruz, Juan M. Pulhin and Florencia B Pulhin 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Laguna, Philippines 1 83 978-971-9353-8-4 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report concludes that climate change is becoming a present reality as warming of the climate system has become unequivocal (IPCC 2007). All general circulation models (GCMs) predict an enhanced hydrological cycle and an increase in area-averaged annual mean rainfall in Asia. Th is is expected to exacerbate pressure on the region?s natural resources that are already under severe stress from rising population. Developing countries will be most vulnerable, as they have limited resources and capacity to adapt to the eff ects of climate change. Philippines English 0 Lasco RD, Cruz RV, Pulhin JM and Pulhin FB. 2010. The case of Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed assessing climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 83 p. GRP 5 2361 BK 141 BK0141-10 Sistem informasi geografis. Untuk pengelolaan bentang lahan berbasis sumber daya alam. Buku 2 analisa spasial untuk perencanaan wilayah yang terintegrasi menggunakan ILWIS open source Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata and Feri Johana 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 230 978-979-3198-43-9
Mengacu pada SPPN, rencana pembangunan dituangkan dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP), Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJM), dan Rencana Pembangunan Tahunan. RPJP adalah produk perencanaan yang dijadikan sebagai rujukan produk perencanaan di bawahnya dan dibuat berdasarkan referensi waktu selama 25 tahun. RPJP terdiri dari rencana pembangunan jangka panjang di tingkat nasional dan di tingkat daerah. Selain dibagi dalam skala waktu, proses perencanaan juga dibagi dalam tingkat pemerintahan dengan struktur berjenjang. RPJP Nasional (RPJN) merupakan penjabaran dari tujuan dibentuknya pemerintahan Indonesia yang tercantum dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 dalam bentuk visi, misi, dan arah pembangunan nasional.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Dewi S, Ekadinata A and Johana F. 2009. Sistem informasi geografis. Untuk pengelolaan bentang lahan berbasis sumber daya alam. Buku 2 analisa spasial untuk perencanaan wilayah yang terintegrasi menggunakan ILWIS open source. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 230 p. GRP 6, ReGrin 2360 WP 129 WP0129-10 CES/COS/CIS paradigms for compensation and rewards to enhance environmental services Meine van Noordwijk and Beria Leimona 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 100 30 The terminology of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) has rapidly gained popularity with its focus on market-based mechanism for environmental service (ES) enhancement. Current use of the term, however, covers a broad spectrum of interactions between Essuppliers and ES-beneficiaries. A broader class of mechanisms aims at ES enhancement through compensation or rewards (CRES). Such mechanisms can be analyzed on the basis of the way they meet four principles: Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary and Pro-poor. For each principle a set of criteria is presented. Based on direct involvement in action research mode in evolving practices in Asia in the RUPES program since 2002, we examine three paradigms: ?Commoditized ES?, ?Compensation for Opportunities Skipped? and ?Co-Investment in Stewardship?, CES, COS and CIS, respectively. Among the RUPES action research sites in Asia, there are several examples of CIS, co-investment in and shared responsibility for stewardship, with a focus on ?assets? (natural + human + social capital) that can be expected to provide future flows of environmental services. CES, equivalent to a strict definition of PES, may represent an abstraction rather than a current reality. COS is a challenge when the legality of opportunities to reduce environmental services is contested. The primary difference between CES, COS and CIS is in the way ?conditionality? is achieved, with additional variation in the scale (individual, household, community) at which the ?voluntary? principle takes shape. CIS approaches have the biggest opportunity to be ?pro-poor?, as both CES and COS presuppose property rights that the rural poor often don?t have. CIS requires and reinforces trust-building after initial conflicts over the impacts of resource use on environmental services have been clarified and a ?realistic? joint appraisal is obtained. CIS will often be part of a multi-scale approach to the regeneration and survival of natural capital, alongside respect and appreciation for the guardians and stewards of landscapes Asia, boundary organizations, criteria and indicators, livelihood, payment for environmental services, RUPES Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. 2010. CES/COS/CIS paradigms for compensation and rewards to enhance environmental services. Working Paper no 100Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 30 p. GRP 6 2359 BK 140 BK0140-10 Teaching forest policy analysis. A guide for forestry departments and university faculties in Southeast Asia SEANAFE and RECOFTC 2010 RECOFTC Bangkok, Thailand 56 Increasing concern about environmental degradation and the resulting environmental movement in the 1970s is one reason for the many and varied demands that forests are expected to meet. This was expressed in increasingly vocal concerns about deforestation as well as the establishment of protected areas, to be managed for conservation purposes. A related concern arose from the energy crisis (rapid increase of fossil fuel prices) at around the same time. This led to increasing interest in energy, the discovery of the fuelwood crisis, and recognition that many rural and urban people in developing countries depend on wood as a source of energy. To address these needs, forestry for rural development was regarded as a solution. This also contributed to the recognition of ?trees outside the forest? and agricultural activities inside areas classified as forest, leading to the ?discovery? of agroforestry in the 1980s. However the international demand for timber kept growing and the exploitation of natural forests in Southeast Asia rose sharply from the 1960s to the 1980s. Many forest concessions were allocated to timber companies, fuelling timber booms that contributed considerable resources to the private sector and some to the public sector. It proved difficult for forestry institutions to capture the rents generated by the companies. One reason for this difficulty is that the great potential for rent seeking and seizing contributed to a ?natural resource curse.? Powerful interests became involved in the allocation of concessions and undermined the capacity of state forest organizations to manage the concessionaires, and administer their activities. In response, logging bans were imposed in many Southeast Asian countries, usually after most of the forest had been logged (Durst et al. 2001). Southeast Asia English 0 SEANAFE and RECOFTC . 2010. Teaching forest policy analysis. A guide for forestry departments and university faculties in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand. : RECOFTC. 56 p. GRP 6 2358 BL 36 BL0036-10 An innovative strategy to reward Asia's upland poor for preserving and improving our environment - in Khmer Language Grace B.Villamor and Beria Leimona 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 26 Southeast Asia Khmer - English 0 An innovative strategy to reward Asia's upland poor for preserving and improving our environment - in Khmer Language. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. 26 p. GRP 6 2357 JA 368 JA0368-10 Carbon dioxide emission in land use transitions to plantation Fahmuddin Agus, Eleonora Runtunuwu, Tania June, Erni Susanti, Herna Komara, Haris Syahbuddin, Irsal Las and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 28 4 119-126 Carbon dioxide emission assessment associated with land use transitions to agriculture is important for designing strategies in reducing green house gas emission. Net CO2 emissions is the sum of 1) the above ground biomass C loss of the initial land use because of land clearing, 2) the above ground C accumulation by the subsequent plantation crops, 3) soil organic matter decomposition, and 4) soil organic C burning if land management or land clearing involves fire. For mineral soils, in most cases, conversion of primary and secondary forests with time average C stocks of about 300 and 132 t/ha, respectively, results in a net C emission. However, if shrub or Imperata grassland, with respective C stocks of 15 and 2 t/ha is rehabilitated to plantation, it generally results in a net C sequestration. For peat soil, CO2 emission is caused by peat decomposition, peat burning (if any), and the aboveground C decomposition and/or burning. Rehabilitating peat shrub (with assumed C stock of about 15 t/ha and average drainage depth of 40 cm) instead of clearing peat forest (with assumed C stock of about 200 t/ha and drainage depth of 0) for agriculture reduces CO2 emissions of about 862 t CO2-e/ha/25 year (34 t CO2-e/ha/year) because of substantial reduction in the plant biomass and possible peat soil carbon loss due to burning. Peat shrub remains as peat shrub emits about 22 t CO2-e/ha/year. If peat shrub is rehabilitated to paddy field, rubber plantation or oil palm plantation, the emission levels become 11, 7, and 30 t CO2-e/ha/year, respectively. This means that rehabilitating peat shrub to paddy field or rubber plantation, results in net emission reduction of 11 and 15 t CO2-e/ha/year, respectively, whereas rehabilitating it to oil palm plantation increases net emission of only 8 t CO2-e/ha/year, relative to leaving the peat shrub as is. Therefore, new plantation development should be prioritized on mineral soils? shrub and Imperata grasslands or on peat shrub as these conversions, in most cases, result in the net CO2 sequestration and potentially improve the livelihood of the communities. Carbon dioxide emission, carbon sequestration, land use transition, plantations, peatlands, mineral soils Southeast Asia English Agus F, Runtunuwu E, June T, Susanti E, Komara H, Syahbuddin H, Las I and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Carbon dioxide emission in land use transitions to plantation. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 28(4):P. 119-126. GRP 5 2356 PP 289 PP0289-10 Financing mechanisms for sustainable forest management in Indonesia: the role of public financing instruments Beria Leimona, Hendrayanto, Joko Prihatno and Nanang Roffandi 2009 Strategies and financial mechanisms for sustainable use and conservation of forests: experiences from Latin America and Asia. Proceedings of an Inter-Regional Workshop Chiang Mai, Thailand, 20-22 November 2006 FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP) Bangkok, Thailand 78-87 This paper presents the public financing instruments for forestry of Indonesia, especially the Re-greening Fund. The conclusion is that a gap in financing mechanisms exists. The development of a new financing institution that is autonomous and independent to address current issues in forest financing is proposed. It is also be stressed that any new initiatives in forest conservation, including the introduction of forest financing instruments, should be predicated on solving the underlying causes of failure. Therefore, a discussion of the current problems and necessary pre-conditions for achieving sustainable forest management and rehabilitation is also provided. Finally, payment for environmental services (PES) is briefly covered. The definition of ?payment for environmental services?, the various types of environmental services provided, as well as the role of governments, are clarified. The paper concludes by offering some recommendations for addressing forest financing problems in Indonesia. Southeast Asia English Leimona B, Hendrayanto , Prihatno J and Roffandi N. 2009. Financing mechanisms for sustainable forest management in Indonesia: the role of public financing instruments. Strategies and financial mechanisms for sustainable use and conservation of forests: experiences from Latin America and Asia. Bangkok, Thailand. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP). GRP 6 2355 JA 367 JA0367-10 Assessing soil conservation strategies for upland cropping in Northeast Thailand with the WaNuLCAS model W. Pansak, T Hilger, Betha Lusiana, T. Kongkaew, C. Marohn and G. Cadisch 2010 Agroforestry Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V 22 Soil conservation approaches and agroforestry systems can play an important role in controlling erosion from tropical hillside cropping systems. Experimental testing of their potential application domain and design, however, is costly and time consuming. We, therefore, tested the ability of the Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS) model. The specific objectives of the study were: (i) to evaluate the WaNuLCAS model for predicting water induced erosion under different soil conservation strategies, (ii) to use the model for a better understanding of various soil conservation measures in controlling erosion, and (iii) to assess the magnitude and dynamics of key processes influencing the efficiency of soil conservation measures. A 3-year-data set (2003?2005) from a field experiment from the Loei province in Northeast Thailand on the impact of soil conservation (Leucaena hedgerow, Jack bean relay cropping) under minimum tillage on runoff and soil loss was tested. Results indicated thatWaNuLCAS was able to predict soil loss and runoff well at the test site; i.e. R2 = 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. In the calibration procedure a sub data set was used, where adjusting crop development parameters was an important step for improving simulated soil loss (R2 = 0.75) and runoff (R2 = 0.89). Soilconservation measures such as Leucaena hedges were effective techniques to control runoff and soil loss. Implementing a dynamic soil structure module in combination with minimum tillage reduced runoff and soil loss via an increase in available macropores and hence drainage over time which improved simulation results. Relay cropping with Jack bean played an important role in the control treatment in reducing soil loss during the third year due to its additional soil cover and positive impact on soil fertility as suggested by the model. Hence, the WaNuLCAS model is a valuable tool to study and understand processes and to explore management options for improving tropical hillside cropping threatened by soil degradation. Zea mays L. ; Runoff ; Soil loss ; Relay cropping ; Minimum tillage ; Hedgerows ; Modelling]]> DOI 10.1007/s10457-010-9290-2 Southeast Asia English Pansak W, Hilger T, Lusiana B, Kongkaew T, Marohn C and Cadisch G. 2010. Assessing soil conservation strategies for upland cropping in Northeast Thailand with the WaNuLCAS model. Agroforestry Systems. : P. 22. GRP 2, GRP 6 2354 MA 45 MA0045-10 Jusupta Tarigan, Sonya Dewi and Kurniatun Hairiah 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 3 1 11-13
Salah satu tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sumberdaya manusia di wilayah Indonesia bagian timur khususnya Papua dalam memahami teknik pengukuran cadangan karbon di tingkat plot sampai pada tingkat bentang lahan di berbagai sistem penggunaan lahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah "Rapid Carbon Stock Apraisal" (RaCSA) yang dikembangkan oleh ICRAF dengan melibatkan pengukuran karbon untuk tanah gambut yang metodenya dikembangkan oleh BBPSLP.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian kitong belajar menghitung karbon di tanah pu sendiri". "Kiprah Agroforestri. Vol.3: 11-13]]> GRP 5 2353 MA 44 MA0044-10 Pemodelan pertumbuhan tanaman, pohon dan perubahan lansekap Degi Harja and Subekti Rahayu 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 3 1 8-10 Saat ini pemerintah sedang gencargencarnya mencanangkan penanaman pohon terutama di lahan-lahan kritis. Setelah sekian juta pohon tertanam, apa yang terjadi 30, 40 atau 50 tahun yang akan datang pada lokasi tersebut? Tak ada yang tahu, dan si penanam pun belum tentu dapat menyaksikan hasil jerih payahnya. Namun salah satu motivasi utama bagi mereka adalah ?menanam untuk anak cucu?. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 6 2352 MA 43 MA0043-10 Forum diskusi multipihak dan forest governance learning group Bungo Ratna Akiefnawati and Imam Budisetiawan 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 3 1 6-7
Ternyata, kedua instansi yang merupakan kunci keberhasilan pembangunan kehutanan di Kabupaten Bungo tersebut tidak ada yang bisa diajak bekerja sama dalam membahas program kehutanan maupun rencana pembangunan daerah di Kabupaten Bungo. Namun, sekarang keadaan sudah berubah. Sejak tahun 2005 geliat sektor kehutanan multipihak di Kabupaten Bungo mulai terlihat. Pemerintah kabupaten, masyarakat desa, LSM dan peneliti sudah merasa jenuh dengan peraturanperaturan yang selalu berubah, dan program kerja yang hanya seperti paket kerja saja tanpa memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2351 MA 42 MA0042-10 Mengurai benang kusut mitigasi iklim dari Kopenhagen Meine van Noordwijk 2010 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 3 1 3-4
Maka dari itu, menetapkan tindakan yang tepat untuk meringankan masalah global (Globally Appropriate Mitigation Action- GAMA) sangat diperlukan dalam rangka menjaga kenaikan suhu global di bawah o 2 C akibat kecerobohan manusia. Tindakan untuk menjaga kenaikan suhu o global di bawah 2 C tersebut harus dimulai dari tingkat nasional (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions-NAMA) dan lokal (Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions-LAMA). Jika semua negara memaparkan strategi nasionalnya dengan tindakan yang tepat untuk mengurangi emisi (NAMA), kemungkinan tindakan mitigasi mengenai masalah emisi secara global (GAMA) tidak dibutuhkan lagi. Meskipun demikian, negosiasi yang mendasar masih diperlukan lebih lanjut.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 5 2350 WP 128 WP0128-10 Agroforestry education in the Philippines: Status report from the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) Leila Landicho and Jesus Fernandez 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 96 23
The survey results indicated a significant growth in agroforestry education in the Philippines since 1976 because of the perceived need to continuously produce manpower to help rehabilitate the upland areas. Currently, there are already 34 academic institutions offering different types of agroforestry programs in the country. These programs include BS Agriculture major in Agroforestry (BSA-AF), BS Forestry major in Agroforestry (BSF-AF), BS Agroforestry (BSAF), BS Agroforestry Entrepreneurship (BSAE), terminal and ladderized Diploma/Certificate in Agroforestry, and Master of Science in Agroforestry (MSAF).

The past two decades have also shown considerable improvements in the qualifications of teaching staff in academic institutions offering BSAF program. Teaching materials, though limited in number, were always made available to students. The Policy, Standards and Guidelines (PSG) for BSAF issued by the Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in 2006 has helped standardize the curriculum for the said program among institutions surveyed. Nevertheless, agroforestry courses were still being taught in other related programs. While interest to conduct research and extension activities among faculty was increasing, opportunities were nevertheless limited for them due to resource constraints and heavy workload. On the other hand, students? interest to pursue a BSAF degree was observed to be declining due to limited job prospects after graduation. Incidents of drop out among BSAF students were also occurring in most academic institutions because of financial constraints.

There is a need for academic institutions and agroforestry networks, such as PAFERN and the National Association of Agroforesters of the Philippines (NAAP), to establish more innovative recruitment, curricular review, and job placement programs to make agroforestry education more attractive to students and prospective employers. PAFERN and NAAP should also take the lead to lobby with the local government units (LGUs) to create core positions for agroforestry graduates and provide financial support to implement collaborative agroforestry research and extension programs for rural development with learning institutions. A database of essential agroforestry teaching materials and facilities available in the country would facilitate effective and efficient sharing of the same among the learning institutions and ensure the quality of teaching agroforestry to students.]]> agroforestry education, status, assessment, Philippines Southeast Asia English 0 Landicho L and Fernandez J. 2010. Agroforestry education in the Philippines: Status report from the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE). Working Paper no 96Bo gor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 23 p. GRP 6 2349 MA 41 MA0041-10 Menuntut ilmu setinggi harga pupuk Arif Rahmanulloh 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 12-13 Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 3 2348 MA 40 MA0040-10 Menuju Batang Toru lestari Jusupta Tarigan 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 11-12 Di dalam kawasan hutan Batang Toru terdapat lima wilayah daerah aliran sungai (DAS), yaitu Batang Toru, Bila, Aek Kolang, Barumun dan Batang Gadis.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 1, GRP 6 2347 MA 39 MA0039-10 Ketika harga getah kurang berkah: cara bertahan petani Lubuk Kayu Aro, Jambi, menghadapi krisis harga karet Dudi Iskandar 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 8-10 Dalam menghadapi krisis harga karet petani masih menggantungkan upaya mendapatkan sumber kehidupan dari alam sekitarnya. Mendulang emas menjadi peralihan yang utama. Tetapi itu tidak bisa berkelanjutan dan lebih bergantung pada keberuntungan. Petani mengupayakan pelestarian pola hutan karet (agroforestri). Pola agroforestri dimana tanaman atau pohon lain tumbuh di antara pohon karet memberikan penghasilan ketika getah karet tidak bisa diandalkan. Petai, misalnya, bisa dijual di pasar. Demikian juga buah-buahan, seperti durian dan duku. Di saat krisis petani sangat terbantu dengan berbagai hasil dari hutan karet. Mereka masih bisa mendapatkan kayu bakar untuk memasak dan sayuran untuk lauk nasi. Mereka juga masih bisa berburu, untuk kebutuhan protein dari hewan. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 3 2346 MA 38 MA0038-10 Pendapatan baru dari agroforestri kopi Ign. Kristianto M 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 6-7 Panen anakan anis merah memberi tambahan pendapatan yang signifikan bagi petani agroforestri kopi di Bali. Terlebih, panen anis merah berlangsung setelah musim panen kopi, sehingga petani dapat memperoleh penghasilan sepanjang tahun. Meski hasilnya lebih sedikit dibanding hasil panen kopi, namun investasi dan tenaga yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkannya juga sangat rendah. Keberadaan sarang anis merah merupakan dampak dari pengelolaan agroforestri kopi yang dikombinasikan dengan pemeliharaan kambing atau sapi. Pemilihan jenis perindang dan tanaman pencampur juga berdampak bagi keberadaan sarang anis merah pada areal agroforestri yang dikelola. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2 2345 MA 37 MA0037-10 Menyulap lumpur menjadi listrik Erik Setiawan and Rachman Pasha 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 4-5 Dibawah fasilitasi staf lapangan program penelitian RUPES (Rewarding Upland People for Environmental Services), PLTA dan masyarakat Buluh Kapur menandatangani sebuah kontrak imbal jasa lingkungan. PLTA berjanji membantu pembangunan sebuah pembangkit listrik mikrohidro untuk penduduk Buluh Kapur bila masyarakat berhasil menurunkan sedimentasi sungai sebesar 30%. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2344 MA 36 MA0036-10 Rimbo karet dan hutan desa dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam berbasis masyarakat Dudi Iskandar and Endri Martini 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 3 Bagi masyarakat Lubuk Beringin, Rimbo Karet merupakan sumber mata pencaharian utama sejak lama. Melalui Rimbo Karet, kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat terpenuhi dengan penyadapan getah karet. Untuk menambah penghasilan terutama pada saat harga karet turun seperti saat ini, petani bisa menjual hasil non karet seperti petai, jengkol, duku dan durian. Jika tidak bisa dijual mereka bisa pakai untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti untuk kayu bakar, kayu bahan bangunan, makanan dan obat-obatan tradisional. Mereka tidak perlu pergi ke hutan, karena kebutuhannya telah tersedia di Rimbo Karet. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 3 2343 MA 35 MA0035-10 Mikoriza: Korporasi saling menguntungkan antara tanaman dan jamur Hesti L. Tata 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 14-15 Interaksi antar makhluk hidup merupakan hal lazim. Demikian pula dalam dunia tumbuhan. Dalam proses tumbuh dan berkembang, tumbuhan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan biotik maupun abiotik. Salah satu contoh interaksi tumbuhan yang bersifat biotik adalah dengan jamur. Hubungan tersebut bisa berupa hubungan yang saling merugikan (parasitisme) karena menyebabkan pohon/tanaman menjadi sakit, atau hubungan yang saling menguntungkan (mutualisme), misalnya mikoriza. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 3 2342 MA 34 MA0034-10 Merintis pembibitan mandiri di Aceh Jusupta Tarigan 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 12-13 Keberadaan Program NOEL di Aceh Jaya makin dikenal oleh masyarakat semenjak ikut berpartisipasi dalam pameran peringatan 3 tahun bencana Tsunami pada 26 Desember 2007 di Calang. Sehari setelah penutupan pameran, permintaan pelatihan dari masyarakat terus mengalir. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2 2341 MA 33 MA0033-10 Berguru pada petani, menghormati pengetahuan lokal Elok Mulyoutami 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 10-11 Narasumber yang dipilih adalah petani atau tokoh yang dianggap paling berpengalaman dalam bidangnya. Biasanya, pemilihan narasumber ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda 'snowball sampling', diawali dari orang yang dikenal, kemudian terus bergulir seperti bola salju dari satu narasumber ke narasumber lain. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2 2340 MA 32 MA0032-10 Bila bohong, itu urusan mereka! Menelurusi mekanisme pemasaran sayur katuk Lia Dahlia 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 7-8 Berkendaraan di belakang mobil pengangkut sayuran menjadi pengalaman yang sangat menarik. Iwan dan teman-temannya menjadi paham resiko membawa muatan sayuran dari Ciampea ke Jakarta. Bukan hanya karena udara panas yang membuat sayuran layu, tapi karena sepanjang perjalanan mobil bak terbuka yang penuh muatan itu menjadi sasaran empuk pungli (pungutan liar). Kalau sedang apes Pak Kastolani harus merogoh koceknya lebih dalam untuk membayar petugas jalan raya atau polisi yang menyetop kendaraannya dengan dalih memeriksa surat-surat. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 3 2339 MA 31 MA0031-10 Aren-aren yang menghidupi. Cerita dari pinggiran habitat orangutan Batang Toru, Sumatera Utara Arif Rahmanulloh and Elok Mulyoutami 2009 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 1-3 Di Desa Sibulan-bulan dan Pagaran Tulason yang berada pada ketinggian antara 600-800 m dpl, karet masih menjadi sumber penghidupan utama, meskipun masyarakat setempat memelihara aren. Di kedua desa tersebut, aktifitas pembuatan gula aren hanya bersifat sampingan. Berbeda dengan di Desa Paran Julu yang berada pada ketinggian 800-1.200 m dpl, gula aren menjadi sumber penghasilan utama setelah padi sawah. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 1 2338 MA 30 MA0030-10 Memetakan konflik dengan RaTA Gamma Galudra and Aunul Fauzi 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 1 2 9-10 Tahun 2003, melalui Departemen Kehutanan, pemerintah menetapkan kawasan Gunung Halimun-Salak seluas 113.357 hektar yang terletak di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten sebagai kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak (TNGHS). Penetapan ini didasarkan pada zonasi yang dilakukan pemerintah Belanda pada masa kolonial serta pemerintah Indonesia antara tahun 60an dan 80an. Penetapan sebuah kawasan sebagai taman nasional berarti selain yang berhak tidak diperbolehkan masuk apalagi memanfaatkan segala sesuatu yang berada di dalam lingkup kawasan. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2337 MA 29 MA0029-10 Pendekatan bottom-up dalam menghitung biaya untuk menurunkan emisi karbon (abatement cost) dari deforestasi dan degradasi Aunul Fauzi and Sonya Dewi 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 1 2 8-9 Metode bottom-up sudah dicoba ICRAF di 3 provinsi di Indonesia, yaitu Jambi, Lampung, dan Kalimantan Timur. Data tutupan lahan tahun 1990 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2000 dan 2005. Ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui emisi karbon yang ditimbulkan karena konversi lahan. Secara umum bisa dikatakan bahwa lebih dari 80% emisi karbon akibat konversi atau perubahan lahan di ketiga provinsi tersebut memiliki nilai ekonomi yang rendah (di bawah US$ 5), sehingga disimpulkan bahwa skema kompensasi dalam mekanisme REDD cukup menarik untuk ketiga provinsi tersebut. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 5, GRP 6 2336 MA 28 MA0028-10 Inovasi agroforestri untuk meningkatkan produktifitas karet Aunul Fauzi, Ratna Akiefnawati and Janudianto 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 1 2 6-7 Di Jambi, pembukaan lahan untuk kebun karet dengan pola tebastebang - bakar sudah menjadi tradisi. Lahan yang sudah bersih lalu ditanami secara tumpangsari, yaitu tanaman pangan dengan karet. Ketika tajuk karet mulai menaungi sehingga produksi tanaman pangan menurun, petani meninggalkan kebun karet mudanya tanpa pemeliharaan dan kembali lagi saat karet siap sadap. Karena lama tak terurus, produksi karet dari kebun tidak memuaskan. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2 2335 MA 27 MA0027-10 Agroforestri jati Gunung Kidul. Peluang dan tantangan Aunul Fauzi and Iwan Kurniawan 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri Bogor, Indonesia 1 2 1-2 Potensi agroforestri jati di Jawa memang sangat besar. Dengan luas hamparan sekitar 1,5 kali luas perkebunan jati berskala besar, tingginya permintaan, dan harga yang relatif bagus, peluang ini semestinya dapat menjawab berbagai persoalan kehidupan petani kecil, termasuk kemiskinan. Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 3 2334 MA 26 MA0026-10 Forum SIG Aceh Barat Andree Ekadinata 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri 1 1 6 Walaupun belum resmi terbentuk karena masih menunggu pengesahan lewat SK Bupati, Forum SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografis) Aceh Barat sudah memiliki kapasitas yang memadai untuk memulai tugasnya. Tugas yang akan diemban antara lain meliputi penyusunan basis data spasial Kabupaten Aceh Barat yang akan digunakan untuk memberi dukungan terhadap proses perencanaan tata ruang di kabupaten tersebut Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2333 MA 25 MA0025-10 Mengukur karbon di lahan Subekti Rahayu 2008 Kiprah agroforestri 1 1 3-4 Awal tahun 2008, ICRAF kembali bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya untuk mengadakan pelatihan pengukuran karbon di tingkat plot dan ekstrapolasinya ke tingkat bentang lahan menggunakan SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografi) bagi peserta nasional dari berbagai lembaga penelitian, perguruan tinggi dan LSM. Pelatihan di Malang, Jawa Timur tersebut diadakan dalam rangka implementasi program RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal) yang dikembangkan oleh ICRAF Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 2, GRP 6 2332 MA 24 MA0024-10 Iwan Kurniawan 2008 Kiprah Agroforestri 1 1 2-3 ?Keduanya harus serentak,? jawab Haji Udi, petani dari Desa Parakan Muncang, Kecamatan Nanggung, Bogor, ketika ditanya mana yang lebih dahulu dikerjakan, bercocok tanam ataukah memastikan tersedianya pasar tempat menjual hasil. Umum diketahui bahwa selama ini berbagai pihak telah membantu petani meningkatkan hasil pertanian, tetapi saat panen tiba petani kebingungan karena tidak tahu kemana akan menjual hasilnya. Pasar tidak disiapkan! Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 3 2331 WP 127 WP0127-10 Boundary organizations, objects, and agents: linking knowledge with action in agroforestry watersheds Elizabeth C. McNie, Meine van Noordwijk, William C Clark, Nancy M. Dickson, Niken Sakuntaladewi, S. Suyanto, Laxman Joshi, Beria Leimona, Kurniatun Hairiah and Noviana Khususiyah 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya Working Paper No. 80 41
The purpose of this workshop was threefold:
? The ICRAF/Harvard research team wanted to share their initial assumptions about the role of boundary organizations as understood from northern/western literature;
? The ICRAF/Harvard team wanted to learn from the expert scholars and practitioners gathered for the workshop experience in linking knowledge with action for sustainable agroforestry and watershed management based on their own experiences and research in Indonesia.
? The ICRAF/Harvard team wanted to synthesize the initial findings from their research with perspectives of the workshop attendees in order to inform the research project and thus broaden their understanding of the role of boundary organizations in sustainable development in Indonesia.

Findings from the workshop indicated that significant differences exist between northern/western notions of boundary organizations, boundary work, and boundary agents and the RUPES (Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services) model. These findings suggest that future efforts to link knowledge with action for sustainable development should consider the following observations when designing their institutions and organizations to achieve desired policy objectives. What follows is a summary of the most important discoveries from the workshop.]]> sustainable development, environmental policy, sustainability, boundary work, boundary organizations, agroforestry systems, watersheds Southeast Asia English McNie EC, van Noordwijk M, Clark WC, Dickson NM, Sakuntaladewi N, Suyanto S, Joshi L, Leimona B, Hairiah K and Khususiyah N. 2008. Boundary organizations, objects, and agents: linking knowledge with action in agroforestry watersheds. Working Paper No. 80Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 41 p. GRP 6 2330 PO 231 PO0231-10 Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) Implementation at Sumber Brantas Watershed, Malang Widianto, Didik Suprayogo, Sudarto and Iva Dewi Lestariningsih 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office and Brawijaya University Bogor, Indonesia 2. Development of reward mechanism to local community to support community action plan
3 Good will enhancing payment to the local community to improve their livelihood
4. Incentives to community groups to rehabilitate land and forest, avoid degradation and reducing threats to watershed functions
]]> Southeast Asia English Widianto, Suprayogo D, Sudarto and Lestariningsih ID. Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) Implementation at Sumber Brantas Watershed, Malang. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office and Brawijaya University. 2010. GRP 6 2329 PO 230 PO0230-10 Estimation of Carbon Stock Changes in the Kalikonto sub-watershed (Malang), Using Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA) Kurniatun Hairiah, Syahrul Kurniawan, Fitri Khusyu Aini, Nina Dwi Lestari, Iva Dwi Lestari, Widianto and Thoha Zulkarnaen 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 2. Carbon lost from natural forest was about 1.09 Mg ha-1 yr-1, tree plantations lost 0.25 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Carbon lost from coffee-based agroforestry systems was about 0.05 Mg ha-1 yr-1.
3. Planting more trees (damar, pinus, mahogany) in the landscape through the Reforestation Program in the 1990-2005 period was not able to replenish the C lost from the landscape, planting more trees in the landscape through agroforestry and plantation may compensate the loss of C through forest conversion.]]> Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Kurniawan S, Aini FK, Lestari ND, Lestari ID, Widianto and Zulkarnaen T. Estimation of Carbon Stock Changes in the Kalikonto sub-watershed (Malang), Using Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA). : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6, ALLREDDI 2328 PO 229 PO0229-10 Can Coffee-Based Agroforestry System Converse Biodiversity? Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Kalikonto sub-watershed (Malang) Kurniatun Hairiah, Fitri Khusyu Aini, Syahrul Kurniawan and Nina Dwi Lestari 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 2. Maintaining hydrological function of watershed and protecting water spring which needed by community and by hydropower (PLTA) Selorejo
3. Home for many plant and animal species but sensitive fauna and flora to fragmentation will not survive.
4. Maintaining belowground biodiversity and its function, BUT little known by farmers due to invisible without microscopic and limited information.]]> Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Aini FK, Kurniawan S and Lestari ND. Can Coffee-Based Agroforestry System Converse Biodiversity? Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Kalikonto sub-watershed (Malang). : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 2 2327 PO 228 PO0228-10 RUPES Supporting IFAD's Investment Projects in Many Countries RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia In Indonesia, RUPES provided inputs to the IFAD?s Rural Empowerment for Agricultural Development Program in Central Sulawesi. Similar support is now being discussed for the Post-crises Program for Participatory Integrated Development in Rainfed Areas (PIDRA) Project, also in Indonesia. In Nepal, RUPES works with the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). Southeast Asia English RUPES. RUPES Supporting IFAD's Investment Projects in Many Countries. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2326 PO 227 PO0227-10 RUPES's Approach to Bridge Institutional Constraints RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia Recognizing that lack of political will or institutional capacity, lack of supportive legal framework and financial resources, and even limited community interest and commitment, RUPES is active to provide solutions by facilitating independent national environmental service (ES) networks in Indonesia and the Philippines. Southeast Asia English RUPES. RUPES's Approach to Bridge Institutional Constraints. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2325 PO 226 PO0226-10 Environmental Service Rewards for Saving Rangelands RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia China's rangelands, located at the 'Roof of Asia', provide essential environmental services to more than billion downstream inhabitants. Rangeland degradation is a national and regional ecological security concern. Degradation also directly affects the livelihood of herders, who are not only among the poorest in the country, but also marginalized from policy making processes. As policy makers begin to design a large-scale Payment for Environmental Services scheme targeting the nation's rangelands, RUPES is working with national policy advisors to improve their understanding of potential impacts on herders' livelihoods and to incorporate herders' perspectives into policy recommendations. Southeast Asia English RUPES. Environmental Service Rewards for Saving Rangelands. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2324 PO 225 PO0225-10 Voluntary Carbon Trade, Now Come True! RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia RUPES facilitates the deal and will provide technical assistance during the contract period. The stakeholders of Singkarak integrated watershed management have now enjoyed the fruit of long process of trust building and scientific-based decision making facilitated by RUPES since 2005. Singkarak watershed is RUPES II action research site. Southeast Asia English RUPES. Voluntary Carbon Trade, Now Come True!. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2323 PO 224 PO0224-10 Revealing the True Values of Jungle Rubber RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia When RUPES first started working with jungle rubber farmers in Bungo of Jambi Province, Indonesia, many said they would convert their jungle rubber to monoculture plantations if they had enough money. But now, after analyzing with RUPES facilitators the economics of their situation, they have concluded that substituting to monoculture plantations would not yield all the anticipated gains. Southeast Asia English RUPES. Revealing the True Values of Jungle Rubber. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2322 PO 223 PO0223-10 Lubuk Beringin Village Forest: The First in Indonesia RUPES 2010 World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Bogor, Indonesia On March 30, 2009, more than 2,000 people witnessed the inauguration of the first village forest (Hutan Desa) by the Forestry Minister at Lubuk Beringin village of Jambi Province. The 2,356 ha of the Bukit Panjang - Rantau Bayur forest is designated under the management of Lubuk Beringin village administration. Under the Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.49/Menhut-II/2008, village communities can be granted legal right to manage state forests for their own prosperity. Southeast Asia English RUPES. Lubuk Beringin Village Forest: The First in Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 2010. GRP 6, RUPES 2321 JA 366 JA0366-10 A Profile of Conservation International Russell A. Mittermeier, Claude Gascon and Thomas M. Brooks 2009 International Journal of Wilderness International Journal of Wilderness 15 2 31- 34, 48 Conservation International (CI) is a global conservation organization with a twist. Uniquely, the organization is committed to predicting, measuring, and holding itself accountable for the benefits to human well-being-across a wide range of dimensions-of all the biodiversity conservation work that it conducts or supports. The rationale is that although biodiversity conservation as a human enterprise is successfully making small-scale gains in a number of places, the aggregate global trend remains negative because most of human society does not realize why preventing biodiversity loss is so important to themselves, their families, and their nations; to future generations; and to the global eradication of poverty. Philippines English Mittermeier RA, Gascon C and Brooks TM. 2009. A Profile of Conservation International. International Journal of Wilderness. 15(2):P. 31- 34, 48. GRP 6 2320 JA 365 JA0365-10 Evaluating the Success of Conservation Actions in Safeguarding Tropical Forest Biodiversity Thomas M. Brooks, S. Joseph Wright and Douglas Sheil 2009 Conservation Biology Society for Conservation Biology 23 6 1448-1457 We reviewed the evidence on the extent and efficacy of conservation of tropical forest biodiversity for each of the classes of conservation action defined by the new International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification. Protected areas are the most tested conservation approach, and a number of studies show they are generally effective in slowing deforestation. There is some documentation of the extent of sustainable timber management in tropical forest, but little information on other landscape-conservation tactics. The extent and effectiveness of ex situ species conservation is quite well known. Forty-one tropical-forest species now survive only in captivity. Other single-species conservation actions are not as well documented. The potential of policy mechanisms, such as international conventions and provision of funds, to slow extinctions in tropical forests is considerable, but the effects of policy are difficult to measure. Finally, interventions to promote tropical conservation by supporting education and livelihoods, providing incentives, and furthering capacity building are all thought to be important, but their extent and effectiveness remain poorly known. For birds, the best studied taxon, the sum of such conservation actions has averted one-fifth of the extinctions that would otherwise have occurred over the last century. Clearly, tropical forest conservation works, but more is needed, as is critical assessment of what works in what circumstances, if mass extinction is to be averted. conservation actions, extinction rates, landscape conservation, protected areas, species management, tropical forests Philippines English Brooks TM, Wright SJ and Sheil D. 2009. Evaluating the Success of Conservation Actions in Safeguarding Tropical Forest Biodiversity. Conservation Biology. 23(6):P. 1448-1457. GRP 6 2319 JA 364 JA0364-10 Swidden Transformations and Rural Livelihoods in Southeast Asia R.A. Cramb, Carol J. Pierce Colfer, Wolfram Dressler, Pinkaew Laungaramsri, Quang Trang Le, Elok Mulyoutami, Nancy L. Peluso and Reed L. Wadley 2009 Human Ecology Springer Netherlands 37 3 259-392 This paper explores the major interactions between the transformation of swidden farming and the pursuit of rural livelihoods in the uplands of Southeast Asia. The paper draws on selected literature, workshop reflections, and six case studies to describe the causal processes and livelihood consequences of swidden change. Householdlevel livelihood responses have included both the intensification and ?dis-intensification? of swidden land-use, the insertion of cash crops, the redeployment of household labour, and the taking on of broader (often non-rural) livelihood aspirations and strategies. At the community level there have been emerging institutional arrangements for management of land and forests, and varying degrees of participation in or resistance to government schemes and programs. Swidden change has led to the loss and also the reassertion, realignment, and redefinition of cultures and identities, with important implications for access to resources. The impacts of these changes have been varied. Cash crops have often improved livelihoods but complete specialisation for the market increases vulnerability. Thus swidden can still provide an important safety net in the face of market fluctuations. Improved access to markets and social provision of education and health care have mostly improved the welfare of previously isolated groups. However, growing differences within and between communities in the course of swidden transformations can leave some groups marginalized and worse off. These processes of differentiation can be accentuated by heavy-handed state interventions based on swidden stereotypes. Nevertheless, communities have not passively accepted these pressures and have mobilized to protect their livelihood assets and strategies. Thus swidden farmers are not resisting appropriate and supportive forms of development. They are adopting new practices and engaging with markets, but in many situations swidden is still important to their livelihood strategies, providing resilience in the face of turbulent change. Active involvement of local people is essential in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating development and conservation programs in swidden lands. Positive market incentives and supportive government policies are better than standardised, top-down directives. Agrarian change . Uplands . Livelihood strategies . Resource tenure . Food security . Agency Southeast Asia English 0 Cramb RC, Colfer CJ, Dressler W, Laungaramsri P, Trang Le Q, Mulyoutami E, Peluso NL and Wadley RL. 2009. Swidden Transformations and Rural Livelihoods in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology. 37(3):P. 259-392. GRP 2, GRP 5 2318 NL 43 NL0043-10 Kiprah Agroforestri 5 Degi Harja, Dudi Iskandar, Iman Budisetiawan, Jusupta Tarigan, Kurniatun Hairiah, Martua T Sirait, Meine van Noordwijk, Ratna Akiefnawati and Sonya Dewi 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 3 1 16
KIPRAH juga menyajikan artikel mengenai pentingnya pengetahuan dalam menyelesaikan tumpang tindih klaim kawasan hutan. Bekerja sama dengan Working Group Tenure, ICRAF melaksanakan serangkaian kegiatan pelatihan perangkat analis tenurial dengan menggunakan tiga metode, yaitu RATA, HuMa-Win dan AGATA.

Jangan lagi sulit bila ingin bertemu dengan pegawai dinas Kehutanan & Perkebunan, itulah harapan kawan-kawan LSM tentang Pemerintah Kabupaten Bungo. Diskusi demi diskusi diadakan dalam rangka membahas program kehutanan dan mengetahui rencana pembangunan daerah. Gayungpun bersambut, Forum Diskusi Multipihak Bungo pun terbentuk, dan kini keadaan sudah berubah.

Masih dengan artikel menarik lain, kami hadirkan juga model simulasi. Contoh simulasi sederhana dari pencanang program dengan menggambarkan suatu sistem yang nyata. Model ini membantu suatu penelitian untuk memprediksi apa yang terjadi 30, 40 atau 50 tahun yang akan datang dengan hasil penanaman pohon kita.

Belajar dan terus belajar, sebuah kata yang sangat sering terdengar. Tapi apa yang terjadi jika belajar menghitung cadangan karbon diadakan di Jayapura, Papua? Proyek ALLREDDI yang salah satu mandatnya untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sumberdaya manusia terutama dalam memahami pengukuran cadangan karbon akan memberikan sekelumit cerita yang menarik didalam edisi ini.

Rawana, pemenang poster terbaik dari sekitar 300 judul poster lain dalam forum World Agroforestry Congress ke-2 di Nairobi, begitu tertegun dan tak mampu mengucapkan sepatah katapun. Baca kisah bahagianya disini.

Beberapa info tambahan juga dapat anda temukan. Semoga di tahun 2010 ini, inovasi baru, semangat dan karya-karya terbaik dapat terus ditingkatkan untuk menunjang dunia penelitian dan berkontribusi positif terhadap misi penyelamatan alam semesta.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Harja D, Iskandar D, Budisetiawan I, Tarigan J, Hairiah K, Sirait MT, van Noordwijk M, Akiefnawati R and Dewi S. 2010. Kiprah Agroforestri. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2317 MN 45 MN0045-10 Tree nursery sourcebook. Options in support of sustainable development James M Roshetko, Enrique L. Tolentino, Jr., Wilfredo M Carandang, Manuel Bertomeu, Alexander U.Tabbada, Gerhard Manurung and Calixto E. Yao 2010 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office and Winrock International Bogor, Indonesia 52 978-979-3198-47-7 Southeast Asia English -1 Roshetko JM, Tolentino, Jr. EL, Carandang WM, Bertomeu M, Tabbada AU, Gerhard Manurung G and Yao CE. 2010. Tree nursery sourcebook. Options in support of sustainable development. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office and Winrock International. 52 p. GRP 1 2316 PP 288 PP0288-10 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation-Overcoming Barriers of Smallholder Forests Carbon Development Racquel C. Lopez, Rodel D. Lasco and Paul L.G. Vlek Andres B. Masipiquena, Merlijn van Weerd and Racquel G. Udto 2009 Changing landscapes. Proceeding of the sixth international conference on environment and development Isabela State University and Cagayan Valley Program on Environment and Development (CVPED) Quezon City, Philippines 50-51
There is an increasing interest in Philippines to help mitigate climate change through carbon forestry projects. Carbon markets present an additional new source of income for smallholder farmers which could encourage them to adopt a wide range of sustainable land management practices while making important contribution to climate change mitigation through both emissions reductions and carbon sequestration. Finding synergies to help mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration while not neglecting other environmental services (e.g. biodiversity conservation), is also a big challenge. In addition, being vulnerable to the impact of global warming, the smallholders are also faced the challenge of undertaking measures to adapt climate variability while securing its food source and livelihood.

Land (forest and agricultural land) area management through agroforestation (tree farming and agroforestry system) have great potential for carbon sequestration and simultanouely buffering farmers against climate variability while providing food source and livelihood.

A research is being undertaken to explore the potential of the smallholder forestry projects in the Philippines as carbon sequestration projects to be viable in markets for carbon emission reduction credits, and to explore in which way smallholder agroforestation projects participation can be facilitated and benefit in such markets. The study aims to identify technological innovations, institutional approaches, and policy reforms necessary for Philippines so as to reduce the barriers associated with smallholder participation.]]> Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptation, Forest carbon, Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM), agroforestation, Land Management Philippines English Lopez RC, Lasco RD and Vlek PL. 2009. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation-Overcoming Barriers of Smallholder Forests Carbon Development. In: Masipiquena AB, van Weerd M and Udto RG,eds. Changing landscapes. Proceeding of the sixth international conference on environment and development. Quezon City, Philippines. Isabela State University and Cagayan Valley Program on Environment and Development (CVPED). GRP 5 2315 PP 287 PP0287-10 Local perceptions of nature in Pinacanauan in Tuguegarao River corridor: a case study of Tuguegarao and Penablanca residents in northeast Luzon, Philippines Karl Abelard L. Villegas, Wooter de Groot, Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco Andres B. Masipiquena, Merlijn van Weerd and Racquel G. Udto 2009 Changing landscapes. Proceeding of the sixth international conference on environment and development Isabela State University and Cagayan Valley Program on Environment and Development (CVPED) Quezon City, Philippines 32-49 The research adopted a universal and systematic technique in the Netherlands called `visions of nature' in addition to open interviews and photo-ranking approaches in examining local people's perceptions. Using stratified random sampling, a total of 120 households consisting of poor to middle class urban farmers, poor to middle class urban dwellers, poor to middle class lowland rural farmers and poor to middle class upland rural farmers were interviewed by means of semi-structured interviews. The background variables were gathered along with qualitative data encoded and subjected to statistical analysis.
A typology of perceptions was developed and classified into various types showing the functional and non-functional aspects of nature. Distributional scores were obtained and compared using a combination of independent and dependent variables. Our results showed that there is significant difference between major perceptions among the various occupational groups and significant differences as affected by a number of factors. Local people's perceptions are indeed affected by the environment they live in. Furthermore, the perceptions on nature by the urban dwellers are analogous to the visions of nature in the Western world.]]> Local perceptions; Visions of nature; Urban dwellers; Urban farmers; Rural farmers; Nature friendliness Paper presented during the 6th CVPED International Conference on Environment and Development, June 1-5, 2009 Philippines English Villegas KA, de Groot W, Snelder DJ and Lasco RD. 2009. Local perceptions of nature in Pinacanauan in Tuguegarao River corridor: a case study of Tuguegarao and Penablanca residents in northeast Luzon, Philippines. In: Masipiquena AB, van Weerd M and Udto RG,eds. Changing landscapes. Proceeding of the sixth international conference on environment and development. Quezon City, Philippines. Isabela State University and Cagayan Valley Program on Environment and Development (CVPED). GRP 5 2314 LE 170 LE0170-10 Fair and efficient? How stakeholders view investments to avoid deforestation in Indonesia S. Suyanto, Efrian Muharrom and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia
2. Interviewed stakeholders are realistic, and not overly optimistic, in expecting most funds to support transaction costs, rather than activities on the ground.

3. Considerable nuance exists on how 'fairness' and 'efficiency' are perceived, as debates on fairness focus on moral values and those on efficiency target urgent emission reduction.

4. Meeting REDD goals requires balancing fairness and efficiency, which is seen as allocation of equal fund between direct emission reduction and long-term sustainable development, while reducing transaction costs.

5. The FERVA method is a replicable platform for stakeholder discussions and data collection across diverse settings.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Suyanto S, Muharrom E and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Fair and efficient? How stakeholders view investments to avoid deforestation in Indonesia. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 2313 PP 286 PP0286-10 Linking sustainagility and agroforestry science to multifunctional policy action Meine van Noordwijk 2009 Proceedings of the 6th global consortium of higher education and research for agriculture conference Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya 150 - 158 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2009. Linking sustainagility and agroforestry science to multifunctional policy action. Proceedings of the 6th global consortium of higher education and research for agriculture conference. Nairobi Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. GRP 6 2312 BR 22 BR0022-10 Key activities and guiding principles for linking science and policy for PRESA Delia Catacutan, Vanessa Meadu, Thomas Yatich and Joyce Kasyoki 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya PRESA - Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa is working at sites in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Guinea to facilitate fair and effective agreements between stewards and beneficiaries of environmental services. Voluntary, conditional and negotiated agreements can reward poor farmers for good land use practices, while ensuring a clean and sustainable supply of environmental services for local and global communities. Head Quarters English Catacutan D, Meadu V, Yatich T and Kasyoki J. 2009. Key activities and guiding principles for linking science and policy for PRESA. [Brochure].Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). GRP 6 2311 TD 161 TD0161-10 Studi etnobotani nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Herawati 2009 Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam 48 Biologi Bachelor Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat yang berlangsung di empat kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Meureubo, Johan Pahlawan, Samatiga dan Arongan Lambalek dari bulan Desember 2007 sampai bulan Mei 2008. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) dan survei eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga organ tumbuhan nipah yang dimanfaatkan yaitu organ daun, bunga dan buah. Organ tumbuhan nipah yang paling banyak digunakan adalah organ daun dan yang paling sedikit digunakan adalah organ bunga. Tumbuhan nipah yang dimanfaatkan sebagai pembungkus tembakau sebanyak 98% responden, kerajinan tangan sebanyak 68% responden, sumber makanan sebanyak 25% responden, dan obat-obatan sebanyak 3% responden. Hasil kerajinan tangan berupa rengkan, sangkak ayam dan sapu, sedangkan sumber makanan yang dihasilkan berupa buah segar, kolang-kaling dan manisan serta obat-obatan berupa obat sariawan, obat batuk dan obat batu karang.]]> Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Kabupaten Aceh Barat]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 48 p.]]> GRP 1, GRP 2 2310 TD 160 TD0160-10 Pengaruh jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn.) dan rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) terhadap jenis serangga hama pada sistem agroforestri coklat (Theobroma cacao Linn.) di kawasan Kabupaten Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Ameliawati 2009 Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam 60 Biologi Bachelor Jatropha curcas Linn.) dan rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) terhadap jenis serangga hama pads sistem agroforestri coklat (Theobroma cacao Linn.) di Kabupaten Pidie yaitu Kecamatan Mila, Kecamatan Glumpang Tiga, dan Kecamatan Padang Tiji. Kabupaten Pidie Jaya yaitu Kecamatan Bandar Baru. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari Bulan November 2007 sampai Agustus 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan keanekaragaman jenis serangga Kama yang terdapat pada kakao, Berta untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis tanaman (rambutan dan jarak pagar) yang dikombinasikan dengan kakao terhadap kepadatan populasi serangga hama. Metoda yang dipakai adalah PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) dan pengoleksian secara langsung di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis serangga hama yang terdapat pads perkebunan kakao dan agroforestri kakao ada 13 terdiri dan 4 ordo yaitu : Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera dan Coleoptera. Pada sistem agroforestri kakao-jarak pagan terdapat 6 jenis serangga hama yang tercakup ke dalam 3 ordo, pada sistem agroforestri kakao-rambutan terdapat 7 jenis serangga hama yang tercakup ke dalam 3 ordo dan pada kakao monokultur terdapat 8 jenis serangga hama yang tercakup ke dalam 5 ordo. Urutan 3 jenis serangga hama yang memiliki indeks nilai penting tertinggi pada agroforestri kakao-jarak pagar adalah Conopomorpha cramerella (57,5%), Acrocercops cramerella (48,0%) dan Darna trima (29,5%), pada agroforestri kakao-rambutan Conopomorpha cramerella (48,510/o),Zeuzera coffeae (35,03%) dan Helopeltis antonii (34,05%), dan pada kakao monokultur Pseudococcus citri (41,48%), Helopeltis antonii (35,24%) dan Leptocorixa acuta (26,20%). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis serangga hama berturut-turut dari yang paling besar adalah pada tipe agroforestri kakao monokultur (1,90), kakao-rambutan (1,8) dan kakao-jarak pagar (1,55). Indeks Dissimilaritas jenis serangga Kama berturut-turut dari nilai yang paling besar yaitu kakao-rambutan dengan kako monokultur (0,6), pada kakao-jarak pagan dengan kakao monokultur (0,52) dan kakao-jarak pagan dengan kakao-rambutan (0,32). Secara statistik jumlah individu serangga hama pads sistem agroforestri kakao-jarak pagar dan sistem agroforestri kakao-rambutan tidak berbeda nyata.]]> Agroforestri kakao, indeks keanekaragaman jenis, serangga hama, kakao monokultur Southeast Asia Indonesian Jatropha curcas Linn.) dan rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) terhadap jenis serangga hama pada sistem agroforestri coklat (Theobroma cacao Linn.) di kawasan Kabupaten Pidie dan Pidie Jaya. Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 60 p.]]> GRP 1, GRP 2 2309 TD 159 TD0159-10 Nilai guna ekonomi nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Aminah 2009 Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam 48 Biologi Bachelor Nypa fruticans Wurmb.)di Kabupaten Aceh Barat dari bulan Februari 2008 sampai Juni 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nisi guna ekonomi tumbuhan nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) secara langsung dan tak langsung di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) yaitu wawancara, dengan petani nipah. Hasil penelitran diperoleb nilai guna ekonomi secara langsung nipah (N. fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat yaitu sebesar 341.287.000 rupiah/tahun, yang diperoleh dan organ daun dan buah. Organ daun nipah dihasilkan produksi pembungkus tembakau, keranjang, sangkak ayam dan sapu lantai. Organ buah dihasilkan produksi kolang-kaling dan manisan buah. Nilai guns ekonomi secara tak langsung nipah (N. fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat sebesar 201.870.000 rupiah/tahun, diperoleh dari fungsi ekologis yaitu keberadaan nipah terhadap produksi udang, kepiting dan kerang. Sehingga diperoleh nilai guns ekonomi total nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat sebesar 543.157.000 rupiah/tahun]]> Nypa fruticans Wurmb. dan Kabupaten Aceh Barat]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 48 p.]]> GRP 1 2308 TD 158 TD0158-10 Induksi tunas gaharu (Aquilaria sp.) dengan BAP secara in vitro Dewiyana 2009 Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam 34 Budidaya Pertanian Bachelor
Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 7 perlakuaa dan 7 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 49 satuan percobaan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu konsentrasi BAP terdiri dari 7 taraf yaitu : 0 mg/l, 0,1 mg/l, 0,3 mg/l, 0,5 mg/1, 0,7 mg/l, 0,9 mg_/1, 1,1 mg/l. Dan basil penelitian diperoleh bahwa konsentrasi BAP berpengaruh nyata terhadap keberhasilan kultur eksplan gaharu pads umur 4, 6 dan 8 MST. Konsentrasi BAP terbaik untuk keberhasilan kultur eksplan gaharu adalah 0,3 mg/l.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Aquilaria sp.) dengan BAP secara in vitro. Banda Aceh, Nangroe Darussalam. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 34 p.]]> GRP 1 2307 WP 126 WP0126-10 An assessment of options for reducing emissions from all land uses in Vietnam ?Readying for REDD? Hoang Minh Ha, Pham Thu Thuy, Do Trong Hoan and David Thomas 2009 46 Vietnam English Hoang MH, Thuy PT, Do Trong H and Thomas D. 2009. An assessment of options for reducing emissions from all land uses in Vietnam “Readying for REDD”. : 46 p. GRP 5 2306 RP 258 RP0258-10 Assessment of opportunities and challenges for reducing emissions by sustainable forest management (in Vietnamese) Nguyen Ngoc Lung and Ngo DT 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese Nguyen NL and Ngo D. Assessment of opportunities and challenges for reducing emissions by sustainable forest management (in Vietnamese). Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. GRP 5 2305 RP 257 RP0257-10 An assessment of options for reducing emissions from all land uses in Vietnam ?Readying for REDD? - Component 1: Forest and forest land of Vietnam (in Vietnamese) Doan Diem 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 21 Vietnam Vietnamese Doan D. An assessment of options for reducing emissions from all land uses in Vietnam “Readying for REDD” - Component 1: Forest and forest land of Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 21 p. GRP 5 2304 RP 256 RP0256-10 Assessment of mitigation methods for reducing greenhouse gases emissions from land uses in Vietnam (in Vietnamese) General Department of Land Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam 2009 Hanoi, Vietnam 29 Vietnam Vietnamese General Department of Land Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam. Assessment of mitigation methods for reducing greenhouse gases emissions from land uses in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Hanoi, Vietnam. : 2009. 29 p. GRP 5 2303 RP 255 RP0255-10 Testing the RHA and PaLA tools for Coc Lake in Thai Nguyen Province, viet nam: A case study for TULSEA in Southeast Asia Tran QH 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 38 Vietnam English Tran Q. Testing the RHA and PaLA tools for Coc Lake in Thai Nguyen Province, viet nam: A case study for TULSEA in Southeast Asia. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 38 p. GRP 6 2302 RP 254 RP0254-10 Applying RaCSA to estimate carbon stock in some land use systems in Tan Thai commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province Do HC 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 45 Vietnam English Do H. Applying RaCSA to estimate carbon stock in some land use systems in Tan Thai commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 45 p. GRP 5, ALLREDDI 2301 RP 253 RP0253-10 Rapid assessment of carbon stock in Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue province Nguyen VL 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 24 Vietnam English Nguyen V. Rapid assessment of carbon stock in Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue province. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 24 p. GRP 5, ALLREDDI 2300 RP 252 RP0252-10 Rapid assessment of carbon stock in Lam Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province, Vietnam Nguyen HT, Lai TH and Pham DS 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 45 Vietnam English Nguyen H, Lai T and Pham D. Rapid assessment of carbon stock in Lam Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 45 p. GRP 5, ALLREDDI 2299 RP 251 RP0251-10 Testing PaLA in Ba Be District, Bac Kan province Tran TP 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 41 Vietnam English Tran T. Testing PaLA in Ba Be District, Bac Kan province. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 41 p. GRP 6 2298 RP 250 RP0250-10 Applying PaLA and RHA in Ta Leng river watershed, Ba Be district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam Ho Dac Thai Hoang 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam 15 Vietnam English Thai Hoang HD. Applying PaLA and RHA in Ta Leng river watershed, Ba Be district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. 15 p. GRP 6 2297 PR 38 PR0038-10 Linkages of Forest Protection, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction - Isues and Approaches in Vietnam (in Vietnamese) Hoang Minh Ha, Hoang Yen Mai and Tu Vi Sa 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam 144 Vietnam Vietnamese 2009. Linkages of Forest Protection, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction - Isues and Approaches in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). In: Hoang MH, Hoang YM and Vi Sa T,eds. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 144 p. GRP 6 2296 PR 37 PR0037-10 Linkages of Forest Protection, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction - Isues and Approaches in Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha, Hoang Yen Mai and Tu Vi Sa 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam 144 Vietnam English 2009. Linkages of Forest Protection, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction - Isues and Approaches in Vietnam. In: Hoang MH, Hoang YM and Vi Sa T,eds. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 144 p. GRP 6 2295 PO 222 PO0222-10 REDD International Trainning Workshop 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam English REDD International Trainning Workshop. : Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. 2009. GRP 5 2294 BC 300 BC0300-10 REDD+ realities in Vietnam. Box 3.3 Hoang Minh Ha and Pham Thu Thuy Arild Angelsen, Maria Brockhus, Markku Kanninen, Erin Sills, William Sunderlin and Seila Wertz-Kanounnikoff 2009 Realising REDD+ - National strategy and policy options Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia Vietnam English Hoang MH and Thuy PT. 2009. REDD+ realities in Vietnam. Box 3.3. In: Angelsen A, Brockhus M, Kanninen M, Sills E, Sunderlin W and Wertz-Kanounnikoff S,eds. Realising REDD+ - National strategy and policy options. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. . GRP 5, GRP 6 2293 PP 285 PP0285-10 Payment for environmental services ? an approach to enhancing water storage capacity Bhaskar Singh Karky and Laxman Joshi 2009 Water storage: a strategy for climate change adaptation in the Himalayas International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Kathmandu, Nepal 56 31-33 Payment for environmental services (PES) is an emerging paradigm in the management of environmental resources. Rather than governments relying on regulatory instruments such as prohibitions and standards, PES relies on adopting innovative mechanisms that are tied to incentives, and are fl exible, voluntary, and contextualise the socioeconomic reality. The basic rationale of PES is to provide incentives and benefi ts for people agreeing to utilise ecosystems in ways that protect or enhance Southeast Asia English Karky BS and Joshi L. 2009. Payment for environmental services – an approach to enhancing water storage capacity. Water storage: a strategy for climate change adaptation in the Himalayas. Kathmandu, Nepal. International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). GRP 6 2292 JA 363 JA0363-10 Participatory technology development for incorporating non-timber forest products into forest restoration in Yunnan, Southwest China He Jun, Zhou Zimei, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Xu Jianchu 2009 Forest Ecology and Management Elsevier B.V. 257 10 2010-2016 Indigenous knowledge has become a topic of considerable interest within the research and development environment. Incorporating indigenous knowledge into state-led ?top-down? conservation and development programmes, however, is still a great challenge. This paper presents a case from Yunnan, Southwest China, in which indigenous knowledge has been integrated into the development of an agroforestry model with non-timber forest products for the Sloping Land Conservation Programme (SLCP) by using a participatory technology development (PTD) approach. This approach was adopted to increase the likelihood that technologies developed would be suitable for resource-poor households. It is expected that integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge, will lead to positive ecological and economic outcomes. Finally, the paper argues that the integration of indigenous knowledge in both forestry policy formulation and implementation is important in the context of sustainable forest management in mountain areas. Agroforestry, Indigenous knowledge, Medicinal plants, Participatory action research, Sloping Land Conversion Programme, Sustainable forest management, Traditional forest knowledge, Watershed restoration China English Jun H, Zimei Z, Weyerhaeuser H and Xu Jianchu . 2009. Participatory technology development for incorporating non-timber forest products into forest restoration in Yunnan, Southwest China. Forest Ecology and Management. 257(10):P. 2010-2016. GRP 2, GRP 4, GRP 6 2291 PO 221 PO0221-10 Designing a procurement auction for reducing sedimentation: a field experiment in Indonesia Beria Leimona 2010 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia A contract procurement auction is an alternative mechanism for extracting information from environmental service providers on levels of payments or incentives that will cover their costs when joining a conservation program. Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B. Designing a procurement auction for reducing sedimentation: a field experiment in Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2010. GRP 6 2290 NL 42 NL0042-10 Rewards, use and shared investment in pro-poor environmental services - an experiment in doing PES in Vietnam Hoang Minh Ha, Nguyen Hoang Quan, Meine van Noordwijk and Beria Leimona 2009 Forest Sector Support Partnership 26-27 13-14 Although the Vietnamese Government welcomes pro-poor RES/PES, implementation on the ground is challenging due to: (i) overlaps in organizational structures and functions among different ministries; (ii) critical gaps in the supportive laws, regulations and policies needed for local communities to participate in PES contracts; and, (iii) limited understanding of PES and pro-poor PES among decision-makers, the private sector and communities (Pham et al., 2008). Progress requires a multi-sector approach and further action research to support policy development and training in PES at the local level. This is where RUPES II can complement the national efforts. Vietnam English Hoang MH, Quan NH, van Noordwijk M and Leimona B. 2009. Rewards, use and shared investment in pro-poor environmental services - an experiment in doing PES in Vietnam. Forest Sector Support Partnership. GRP 6 2289 BR 21 BR0021-10 Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU: What will Vietnam's path be? Initial findings of the scoping study Hoang Minh Ha, Nguyen Ngoc Lung, Doan Diem, Do Trong Hoan, Pham Thu Thuy, David Thomas and Nguyen Thi Hien 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) especially tropical deforestation, contributes approximately 17-20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. A practical solution is to compensate land users who change their landuse fromhigh carbon stock to lower ones, e.g., not to clear forests for agriculture. This, in principle, is the reason behind the so-called Reducing Emmisions fro Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) mechanisms. Another solution is to obtain sustainable land use through cross-sectoral planning and managed land use changes. This explains the importance of land administration in reducing greenhouse gas emission. Vietnam English Hoang MH, Nguyen NL, Doan D, Do Trong H, Thuy PT, Thomas D and Nguyen TH. 2009. Reducing emissions from all land uses - REALU: What will Vietnam's path be? Initial findings of the scoping study. [Brochure].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 5, GRP 6 2288 JA 362 JA0362-10 A Discourse on Dutch Colonial Forest Policy and Science in Indonesia at the Beginning of the 20th Century Gamma Galudra and Martua T Sirait 2009 International Forestry Review The Commonwealth Forestry Association 11 4 524-533 Dutch foresters asserted that upland forest cover was essential to maintain balanced hydrological cycles. They sustained this argument despite contrary empirical evidence and resistance from the colonial administration who were concerned more on local livelihoods. Underpinning this belief was a conviction that customary systems of land tenure and use were inappropriate and destructive. The Dutch foresters used scientific discourse to justify the State?s control of 120 million hectares of land as forest reserves, instigating a pattern of land control that has endured to this day. The ongoing application of past designations is the driver of this paper to explore the arguments behind the decisions of Dutch Colonial Government and its implications to current policy framework. The objective of the paper is to show that science became an instrument of the Forest Service during the Dutch colonial era, as a means of exerting greater power and control over the forested land. history, land tenure, hydrology, adat, reforestation Southeast Asia English Galudra G and Sirait MT. 2009. A Discourse on Dutch Colonial Forest Policy and Science in Indonesia at the Beginning of the 20th Century. International Forestry Review. 11(4):P. 524-533. GRP 6 2287 TD 157 TD0157-10 Peran Agroforest Karet dalam Pelestarian Spesies Pohon: Studi Kasus di Desa Lubuk Beringin, Kecamatan Bathin III Ulu, Kabupaten Bungo, Propinsi Jambi Subekti Rahayu 2009 Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 66 Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahayu S. 2009. Peran Agroforestry Karet dalam Pelestarian Spesies Pohon: Studi Kasus di Desa Lubuk Beringin, Kecamatan Bathin III Ulu, Kabupaten Bungo, Propinsi Jambi. Bogor, Indonesia. : Institut Pertanian Bogor. 66 p. GRP 2, GRP 6 2286 PP 284 PP0284-10 Water quality biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates in Way Besai, Sumberjaya, West Lampung Subekti Rahayu, Indra Suryadi, Bruno Verbist, Andy Dedecker, Ans Mouton and Meine van Noordwijk Satoshi Takizawa, Futoshi Kurisu and Hiroyasu Satoh 2009 Proceeding Southeast Asian Water Environment Page Bros Ltd Norwich, UK 37-44 Southeast Asia English Rahayu S, Suryadi I, Verbist B, Dedecker A, Mouton A and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Water quality biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates in Way Besai, Sumberjaya, West Lampung. In: Takizawa S, Kurisu F and Satoh H,eds. Proceeding Southeast Asian Water Environment. Norwich, UK. Page Bros Ltd. GRP 6 2285 JA 361 JA0361-10 Allometric equations based on a fractal branching model for estimating aboveground biomass of four native tree species in the Philippines Fernando Santos Martin, R. M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Rachmat Mulia and Meine van Noordwijk 2010 Agroforestry System Springer Science+Business Media B.V 10 Fractal branching models can provide a non-destructive and generic tool for estimating tree shoot and root length and biomass, but field validation is rarely described in the literature. We compared estimates of above ground tree biomass for four indigenous tree used on farm in the Philippines based on the WanFBA model tree architecture with data from destructive sampling. Allometric equations for the four species varied in the constant (biomass at virtual stem diameter 1) and power of the scaling rule (b in Y = aDb), deviating from the value of 8/3 that is claimed to be universal. Allometric equations for aboveground biomass were 0.035 D2.87 for Shorea contorta, 0.133 D2.36 for Vitex parviflora, 0.063 D2.54 for Pterocarpus indicus and 0.065 D2.28 for Artocarpus heterophyllus, respectively. Allometric equations for branch biomass had a higher b factor than those for total biomass (except in Artocarpus); allometric equations for the leave ? twig fraction a lower b. The performance of the WanFBA model was significantly improved by introduction of a tapering factor ??s?? for decrease of branch diameter within a single link. All statistical tests performed on measured biomass versus biomass predicted from the WanFBA results confirm the viability of the WanFBA model as a non-destructive tool for predicting above-ground biomass equations for total biomass, branch biomass and the leaf + twig fraction. Above-ground biomass, Native tree, species, Allometric equations, Tree architecture DOI 10.1007/s10457-009-9271-5 Southeast Asia English Martin FS, Navarro-Cerrillo RM, Mulia R and van Noordwijk M. 2010. Allometric equations based on a fractal branching model for estimating aboveground biomass of four native tree species in the Philippines. Agroforestry System. : P. 10. GRP 2, GRP 6 2284 PR 36 PR0036-10 Proceeding of the National Conference on Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Natural Resources Management Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino and Florencia B Pulhin 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines English Lasco RD, Delfino RJ and Pulhin FB. 2009. Proceeding of the National Conference on Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Natural Resources Management. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 5 2283 JA 360 JA0360-10 Tropical forests and climate change mitigation: the global potential and cases from the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture 5 1 81-89 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Fourth Assessment report has highlighted the role of tropical forests in mitigating climate change. Deforestation, especially in tropical countries, contributes about 20 percent to total global greenhouse gas emissions. Development projects geared to reduce the rate of deforestation and forest degradation, and to establish forest plantations will help reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and significantly contribute to mitigating climate change. Three cases of forestry carbon projects underway in the Philippines are presented to illustrate the constraints facing project developers in undertaking these climate change mitigation efforts. Among the key lessons identified are: the difficulty in establishing land eligibility, the need for partners or buyers from industrialized countries to shoulder the transaction costs, and the crucial role of the local communities, including indigenous peoples, in the development effort. Philippines English Lasco RD. 2008. Tropical forests and climate change mitigation: the global potential and cases from the Philippines. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development. 5(1):P. 81-89. GRP 5 2282 JA 359 JA0359-10 Rewarding Upland People for Forest Conservation: Experience and Lessons Learned from Case Studies in the Philippines Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D. Lasco 2009 Journal of Sustainable Forestry 28 3-5 304 – 321
In this article we describe the various ESR and linked mechanisms in place in a number of sites ranging from mandatory to propoor schemes. A tool such as rapid hydrological assessment (RHA) is developed and being used to convey the different information from various key stakeholders into one negotiation support system. At the same time, interventions such as capacity building of the upland ES providers are provided to equip them to negotiate with the potential buyers. Findings, challenges, and problems encountered in securing environmental service rewards are also presented.]]> Environmental service reward (ESR); enabling environment; financing mechanism; forest conservation DOI: 10.1080/10549810902791499 Philippines English Villamor GB and Lasco RD. 2009. Rewarding Upland People for Forest Conservation: Experience and Lessons Learned from Case Studies in the Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 28(3-5):P. 304 – 321. GRP 6 2281 BK 139 BK0139-10 Philippine Council for Agriculture and Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Los Banos, Philippines RD Lasco is lead author Philippines English GRP 5 2280 WP 125 WP0125-10 Overview of Biomass Energy Technology in Rural Yunnan of China in Chinese Language Yan Mei, Su Yufang, Fredrich Kahrl and Timm Tennigkeit 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Kunming, China ICRAF Working Paper No. 92 27
This working paper gives a brief introduction to biomass energy technologies in rural Yunnan Province, describing both their current status and prospects. Yunnan Province is typical of China, as most of its rural areas depend on inefficient combustion of firewood and crop residues to meet their energy needs. To address this situation, policymakers could set up a more effective mechanism to distribute limited funding resources; develop policies to promote and leverage a more vibrant rural energy market; and, in doing so, play a more active role in supplying rural communities with appropriate energy technologies.

In our review of rural bioenergy technologies, we find that, although local governments have been subsidizing household biogas digesters and efficient stoves for more than two decades, little has changed in the structure of rural energy consumption; indeed, farmers recently have begun to use even more crop residues. Based on our analysis, insufficient inputs, inadequate technical services, and a government-centered extension model are the main reasons that the status quo has been so persistent.

Gasoline-ethanol and biodiesel are becoming the new darlings of bioenergy development in China, and Yunnan Province has tried to follow suit by heavily investing in scientific research and industrial development for liquid biofuels. This paper also discusses whether farmers could utilize this trend to meet a portion of their own energy demands, and analyzes a host of obstacles such as policy constraints, oil price fluctuations, feedstock production bottlenecks, and institutional difficulties.]]> China rural energy, biomass technology, biofuel China Chinese 0 Mei Y, Yufang S, Kahrl F and Tennigkeit T. 2009. Overview of Biomass Energy Technology in Rural Yunnan of China in Chinese Language. ICRAF Working Paper No. 92Kunming, China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 27 p. GRP 5, GRP 6 2279 JA 409 JA0409-11 Response of hydrological processes to land-cover and climate changes in Kejie watershed, south-west China Xing Ma, Xu Jianchu, Yi Luo, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal and Jiatong Li 2009 Hydrological Processes Kunming, China 23 1179–1191 Land-cover/climate changes and their impacts on hydrological processes are of widespread concern and a great challenge to researchers and policy makers. Kejie Watershed in the Salween River Basin in Yunnan, south-west China, has been reforested extensively during the past two decades. In terms of climate change, there has been a marked increase in temperature. The impact of these changes on hydrological processes required investigation: hence, this paper assesses aspects of changes in land cover and climate. The response of hydrological processes to land-cover/climate changes was examined using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and impacts of single factor, land-use/climate change on hydrological processes were differentiated. Land-cover maps revealed extensive reforestation at the expense of grassland, cropland, and barren land. A significant monotonic trend and noticeable changes had occurred in annual temperature over the long term. Long-term changes in annual rainfall and streamflow were weak; and changes in monthly rainfall (May, June, July, and September) were apparent. Hydrological simulations showed that the impact of climate change on surface water, baseflow, and streamflow was offset by the impact of land-cover change. Seasonal variation in streamflow was influenced by seasonal variation in rainfall. The earlier onset of monsoon and the variability of rainfall resulted in extreme monthly streamflow. Land-cover change played a dominant role in mean annual values; seasonal variation in surface water and streamflow was influenced mainly by seasonal variation in rainfall; and land-cover change played a regulating role in this. Surface water is more sensitive to land-cover change and climate change: an increase in surface water in September and May due to increased rainfall was offset by a decrease in surface water due to land-cover change. A decrease in baseflow caused by changes in rainfall and temperature was offset by an increase in baseflow due to land-cover change. land-cover change; climate change; SWAT; hydrological processes; watershed DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7233 China English URL]]> GRP 5, GRP 6 2278 BC 299 BC0299-10 Climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resource management in the Himalayan region Xu et al. Baun et al. 2009 Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia, selected papers from the Workshop in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2006 UNESCO-IHP and the German IHP/HWRP National Committee Koblenz, Germany China English Xu et al.. 2009. Climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resource management in the Himalayan region. In: Baun et al.,eds. Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia, selected papers from the Workshop in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2006. Koblenz, Germany. : UNESCO-IHP and the German IHP/HWRP National Committee. P. . GRP 5, GRP 6 2277 JA 357 JA0357-10 Compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world: framing pan-tropical analysis and comparison Brent M. Swallow, Mikkel F. Kallesoe, Usman A. Iftikhar, Meine van Noordwijk, Carina Bracer, Sara J. Scherr, K.V. Raju, Susan V. Poats, Anantha Kumar Duraiappah, Benson O. Ochieng, Hein Mallee and Rachael Rumley 2009 Ecology and Society Ecology and Society 14 2 26-36 This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation and rewards for environmental services. Within that background, the paper clarifies key concepts?including the distinction between compensation and reward ? and presents a conceptual framework for typifying and characterizing different types of mechanisms that link ecosystem stewards, ecosystem service beneficiaries, and intermediaries. Africa; Asia; compensation; ecosystems service; Latin America; payment for environmental service; rewards ISSN: 1708-3087 Southeast Asia English Swallow BM, Kallesoe MF, Iftikhar UA, van Noordwijk M, Bracer C, Scherr SJ, Raju K, Poats SV, Duraiappah AK, Ochieng BO, Mallee H and Rumley R. 2009. Compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world: framing pan-tropical analysis and comparison. Ecology and Society. 14(2):P. 26-36. GRP 6 2276 WP 124 WP0124-10 Analysis of local livelihoods from past to present in the Central Kalimantan ex-mega rice project area S. Suyanto, Noviana Khususiyah, Idris Sardi, R. Yana Buana and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 94 70
Within Indonesia, the peatlands of Central Kalimantan are a recognized hotspot of emissions, with a complex history of planned and spontaneous land use change as their cause, within a peat dome environment that provides strong linkages between water tables and associated fire risk and requires the integration of management on a scale considerably above the village level. This report details a livelihood assessment that included an analysis of land management, poverty, gender, the role of fire and drainage practices for the area known as the ?Ex-Mega Rice Project? in Central Kalimantan, focussing on Block A (strongly affected by the Rice Project) and Block E (relatively intact) that cover parts of the major peat dome and adjacent rivers. This site was selected as a demonstration site for REDD under the Kalimantan Forest and Climate Partnership (KFCP) supported by the Governments of Australia and Indonesia.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Suyanto S, Khususiyah N, Sardi I, Buana RY and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Analysis of local livelihoods from past to present in the Central Kalimantan ex-mega rice project area. Working Paper no 94Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 70 p. GRP 6 2275 JA 356 JA0356-10 A conjoint analysis of farmer preferences for community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Indonesia Bustanul Arifin, Brent Swallow, S. Suyanto and Richard Coe 2009 Ecological Economics Elsevier B.V. 68 7 2040-2050 A wide range of policy instruments have been devised and applied to support the goals of sustainable forestry management. Community forestry programs can contain elements of several of those instruments. This paper considers the design of community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya area of Indonesia where community forestry contracts are agreements between the Forestry Department and community groups that provide group members with time-bound leasehold rights to protection forests, on the condition that farmers abide by specified land-use restrictions and pay any required fees. Farmers perceive that the contracts represent a bundle of restrictions and inducements, some of which are explicitly stated in the contract and others that are implied by the contract. Conjoint analysis was used to quantify farmers' tradeoffs among the explicit and implicit attributes of the contracts. The results of logit and ordered logit models show that farmers are most concerned about the length of the contract, and relatively unconcerned about requirements on tree density and species composition. An implicit attribute, greater access to forestry and agroforestry extension, emerges as an important implicit attribute. The results imply that farmers in this part of Indonesia would be willing to abide by fairly strict limitations on land use, provided that they can be assured of long-term rights to the planted trees. Community forestry, Social forestry, Land tenure, Indonesia, Conjoint analysis, Ordered logit, Logit, Contract design Southeast Asia English Arifin B, Swallow BM, Suyanto S and Coe R. 2009. A conjoint analysis of farmer preferences for community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Indonesia. Ecological Economics. 68(7):P. 2040-2050. GRP 3, GRP 6 2274 PP 282 PP0282-10 Rewards for Environmental Services and Collective Land Tenure: Lessons from Ecuador and Indonesia Kelly Wendland, Lisa Naughton, Luis Suárez and S. Suyanto Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary 2010 Mountain Forum Bulletin Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank Kathmandu, Nepal X 1 17-20 Programmes that provide direct rewards in exchange for environmental services offer theoretical advantages over other conservation mechanisms, but also pose a number of challenges, including determining who should benefit and how incentives should be structured when the environmental services are tied to state or community owned land. Case studies from Ecuador and Indonesia highlight key land tenure issues and lessons for those planning Rewards for Environmental Services (RES) projects. Southeast Asia English Wendland K, Naughton L, Suárez L and Suyanto S. 2010. Rewards for Environmental Services and Collective Land Tenure: Lessons from Ecuador and Indonesia. In: Keenan L, Sherchan U and Chaudhary S,eds. Mountain Forum Bulletin. Kathmandu, Nepal. Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank. GRP 6 2273 PP 281 PP0281-10 Payments for Environmental Services: The Need for Redefinition? Beria Leimona and Rudolf de Groot Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary 2010 Mountain Forum Bulletin Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank Kathmandu, Nepal X 1 9-10
As an alternative to the ?command-and-control? approach, increasing enthusiasm for market-based instruments (MBI) in environmental management arose in the early 80s. It was hoped that MBI, including packaging taxes, effluent taxes and charges, capital or operation subsidies, tradable permits, deposit-refund schemes, performance bonds, liability instruments, and many others, would reduce the cost of achieving environmental goals and distribute resources in more efficient ways. The 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development endorsed the use of MBIs as an important component of sustainable development.]]> Southeast Asia English Leimona B and de Groot R. 2010. Payments for Environmental Services: The Need for Redefinition?. In: Keenan L, Sherchan U and Chaudhary S,eds. Mountain Forum Bulletin. Kathmandu, Nepal. Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank. GRP 6, RUPES 2272 PP 280 PP0280-10 Payments for Environmental Services in Mountain Areas: An Overview of the Options and Challenges for Mountain Systems and People Frans Neuman, Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan, Klas Sander, Laxman Joshi, David Huberman and Bhaskar Karky Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary 2010 Mountain Forum Bulletin Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank Kathmandu, Nepal X 1 5-8 Payments for Environmental Service (PES) schemes have become a popular policy instrument for promoting sustainable natural resource management and conservation. It is now increasingly recognised that PES can also contribute to broader economic development objectives such as sustained rural development, food security and lasting poverty alleviation (Antle 2008). Accordingly, it has attracted attention in both developed and developing countries alike, and has been applied within a wide variety of upland ecosystems and landscapes for a range of purposes, including regulation and quality of water for urban supplies, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. This introductory article emphasises why PES schemes are of particular relevance for mountain regions, discusses the underlying concept and summarises key factors and challenges for design and implementation. Southeast Asia English 0 Neuman F, Keenan L, Sherchan U, Sander K, Joshi L, Huberman D and Karky B. 2010. Payments for Environmental Services in Mountain Areas: An Overview of the Options and Challenges for Mountain Systems and People. In: Keenan L, Sherchan U and Chaudhary S,eds. Mountain Forum Bulletin. Kathmandu, Nepal. Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank. GRP 6 2271 LE 169 LE0169-10 Noviana Khususiyah, S. Suyanto and R. Yana Buana 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia
Dalam pelaksanaannya, PHBM melalui Lembaga Kemitraan Desa Pengelola Hutan (LKDPH) seperti yang ada di Kecamantan Ngantang dan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang, telah menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif terhadap pengembangan ekonomi lokal, yaitu meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat yang menjadi anggota PHBM.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 GRP 5, GRP 6 2270 LE 168 LE0168-10 Noviana Khususiyah, S. Suyanto and R. Yana Buana 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat ( PHBM) adalah suatu sistem pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan yang dilakukan bersama-sama antara Perum Perhutani dan masyarakat desa, atau Perum Perhutani dan Masyarakat Desa Hutan (MDH) dengan pihak yang berkepentingan (stakeholder) berdasarkan prinsip berbagi, sehingga kepentingan bersama untuk mencapai keberlanjutan fungsi dan manfaat sumberdaya hutan dapat diwujudkan secara optimal dan proporsional. Pada prinsip berbagi ada pembagian peran, tanggung jawab, faktor produksi (input) hingga pembagian hasil (output). Dalam PHBM, pemberdayaan masyarakat bukan suatu program tetapi merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam pengelolaan hutan. (Keputusan Ketua Dewan Pengawas Perum Perhutani Nomor 136/KPTS/DIR/2001). Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 GRP 5, GRP 6 2269 PP 279 PP0279-10 Local Government-Led PES for Watershed Protection: Cases from the Philippines Delia Catacutan, Grace B.Villamor and Caroline Duque-Piñon Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary 2010 Mountain Forum Bulletin Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank Kathmandu, Nepal X 1 37-39 Progress towards ?payments for environmental services?, or PES, is grounded in an understanding of the conscious and subconscious models used and applied by policy makers and citizens. Although many forest policies have incentive tendencies, variants of PES schemes have evolved that follow a more ?regulatory? framework, rather than being based on business-like principles of conditionality and voluntary transactions. In developing countries, PES schemes that are based on top-down regulatory sanctions may be unsustainable as a result of insufficient resources and weak implementation strategies. A combination of a business-like model based on voluntary transactions has more potential if markets for ES are also increased. Philippines English 0 Catacutan D, Villamor GB and Duque-Piñon C. 2010. Local Government-Led PES for Watershed Protection: Cases from the Philippines. In: Keenan L, Sherchan U and Chaudhary S,eds. Mountain Forum Bulletin. Kathmandu, Nepal. Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank. GRP 6 2268 PP 278 PP0278-10 Payments for Carbon Sequestration in the Philippines: Lessons and Implications Rodel D. Lasco, Emma Abasolo and Grace B.Villamor Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary 2010 Mountain Forum Bulletin Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank Kathamandu, Nepal X 1 55-57 Under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows carbon credits of forestry projects in developing countries to be sold in carbon markets. It is estimated that up to 13.6 million carbon credits will be available by 2012, based on the total projects in the pipeline for registration. However, only fourteen Afforestation and Reforestation (A/R) projects are currently registered with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, December 2009). Among the reasons for this slow take-up are: the strict requirements of CDM projects, complicated rules and methodologies, high transaction costs, lack of support for base financing, and the current price1 of carbon from forestry projects vis-�-vis the development cost. In spite of these impeding factors, a number of carbon markets for forestry projects are being developed in many tropical countries. Philippines English 0 Lasco RD, Abasolo E and Villamor GB. 2010. Payments for Carbon Sequestration in the Philippines: Lessons and Implications. In: Keenan L, Sherchan U and Chaudhary S,eds. Mountain Forum Bulletin. Kathamandu, Nepal. Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank. GRP 6 2266 PO 220 PO0220-10 Smallholder Teak Marketing: Current Practice, Problems and Opportunities Iwan Kurniawan and James M Roshetko 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In most forest product sectors, access to and understanding of market information equates to economic and bargaining power. For smallholder teak producers, market information is inadequate, difficult to access, and not publicly available. Teak producers didn?t know how wood quality affects the price. Similarly the teak industry is not fully informed regarding the potential of smallholder teak production, including the available standing stock, the real and potential quality of the stocks, the resource location, and how to deal with teak producers. The objectives of the study are to enhance market access by smallholder teak producers and to establish clear understanding of current practices, problems and opportunities in creating market linkages. The study was conducted in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta on July 2007 ? June 2008. There are five factors that determined teak producer?s perception on the best time to cut their teak tree: natural rotation; urgent cash need; market price; market demand; and other factor. On average, 80% of producers cut teak tree when they need cash and 14% of them harvest when trees achieved biological/economic maturity. Teak producer prefer to selling standing trees and still act as price taker. The challenging in improving smallholder teak marketing is increase quantity and quality of logs and reduced asymmetric market information. This can be achieved through the application of better silvicultural practices and improvement of their market capacity. Specifically, they should improve their understanding on market specifications and market channels and conduct collective marketing to achieve economics of scale. Southeast Asia English 0 Kurniawan I and Roshetko JM. Smallholder Teak Marketing: Current Practice, Problems and Opportunities. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 3 2265 LE 167 LE0167-09 Building Communities?Resilience to Climate ChangeLThe Potential of Ecosystem Based Adaptation (EBA) Rodel D. Lasco and Rafaela Jane Delfino 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines Policy Brief Philippines English R.D. Lasco and Delfino RJ. 2009. Building Communities’Resilience to Climate ChangeLThe Potential of Ecosystem Based Adaptation (EBA). [Leaflet].Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 5 2264 LE 166 LE0166-09 The Need for Improved Nursery Management Practices and Marketing I Edralin and Agustin Mercado Jr 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Claveria, Philippines Philippines English Edralin I and Mercado Jr A. 2009. The Need for Improved Nursery Management Practices and Marketing. [Leaflet].Claveria, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3 2263 LE 165 LE0165-09 Profiling Farm Forestry Tree Seedling Nurseries in Northern Mindanao I Edralin and Agustin Mercado Jr 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Claveria, Philippines Philippines English Edralin I and Mercado Jr A. 2009. Profiling Farm Forestry Tree Seedling Nurseries in Northern Mindanao. [Leaflet].Claveria, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 1, GRP 2 2261 JA 354 JA0354-09 Rubber Agroforestry Systems in Mindanao, Philippine Agustin Mercado Jr and Steve Harrison 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines 20 Draft for journal publication (annual of tropical research journal - a small scale forestry journal) Philippines IN PRESS English Mercado Jr A and Harrison S. 2009. Rubber Agroforestry Systems in Mindanao, Philippine. : P. 20. GRP 2, GRP 6 2260 RP 249 RP0249-09 Enhancing production and environmental functions of commercial vegetables through vegetable agroforestry system Mercado A.R., G.Arcinal, Caroline E.Duque, Manuel Palada and Manuel Reyes 2009 SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) Philippines 22 TechnicalReport, SANREM TMPEGS, Philippines Philippines English Mercado A, Arcinal G, Duque CE, Palada M and Reyes M. Enhancing production and environmental functions of commercial vegetables through vegetable agroforestry system. Philippines. : SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines). 2009. 22 p. GRP 2, GRP 4, GRP 6 2259 RP 248 RP0248-09 Vegetable agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding vegetable-tree interaction is a key to successful vegetable farming in the uplands of Southeast Asia Mercado A.R., G.Arcinal, Caroline E.Duque, Manuel Palada and Manuel Reyes 2009 SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) Philippines 36 Technical Report, SANREM TMPEGS Philippines English Mercado A, Arcinal G, Duque CE, Palada M and Reyes M. Vegetable agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding vegetable-tree interaction is a key to successful vegetable farming in the uplands of Southeast Asia. Philippines. : SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines). 2009. 36 p. GRP 2, GRP 4, GRP 6 2258 BC 298 BC0298-09 Landcare in the Philippines Maria Noelyn Dano, Evy Elago, Delia Catacutan and Agustin Mercado Jr Delia Catacutan, Constance Neely, Mary Johnson, Horrie Poussard and Rob Youl 2009 Landcare: local action ?global progress World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 15 64-78 Landcare in the Philippines grew out of efforts to promote soil conservation technologies among farmers in the upland municipality of Claveria, Misamis Oriental, in the southern Philippines (Cramb 2004). It commenced in 1996 when local farmers, the local government and researchers from the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) formed a special partnership to promote conservation farming and agroforestry technologies in the uplands. Its development can be traced back to when ICRAF took over the research site of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Claveria in 1993. IRRI in collaboration with the Philippines Department of Agriculture (DA) initiated a farmer-tofarmer training programme on upland rice farming systems from 1987-92. The training involved the promotion of shrub legumes as hedgerows in contour farming, better known as the Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT), which the DA has been advocating since the early 1980s. Philippines English Dano MN, Elago E, Catacutan D and Mercado Jr A. 2009. Landcare in the Philippines. In: Catacutan D, Neely C, Johnson M, Poussard H and Youl R,eds. Landcare: local action –global progress. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 64-78. GRP 2, GRP 4 2257 LE 164 LE0164-09 Trees on farms: Tackling the triple challenge of mitigation, adaptation and food security H Neufeldt, Andreas Wilkes, RJ Zomer, Xu Jianchu, E Nang’ole, C Munster and Frank Place 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya
* Payments for env i ronmental ser vices ? including carbon finance ? should be geared towards increasing the extent of t rees on farms

* More suppor t is needed to increase the contribution of t ree-based crops to smallholder incomes, thus diversifying income sources and increasing food security intheface of climate change.]]> World Agroforestry Centre Policy Brief 07 China English Neufeldt H, Wilkes A, Zomer R, Xu Jianchu , Nang’ole E, Munster C and Place F. 2009. Trees on farms: Tackling the triple challenge of mitigation, adaptation and food security. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). GRP 2, GRP 5 2256 LE 163 LE0163-09 If we cannot define it, we cannot save it: forest definitions and REDD Meine van Noordwijk and Peter A Minang 2009 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya
? The scope of emission reduction agreements needs further negotiation alongside the overall commitments for emission reductions

? Before new emission reduction targets are set, no credible way of reducing emissions should be left untested]]> ASB Policy Brief No. 15 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Minang PA. 2009. If we cannot define it, we cannot save it: forest definitions and REDD. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. GRP 5, GRP 6 2255 LE 162 LE0162-09 Perceptions of Fairness and Efficiency of the REDD Value Chain Sandra J.Velarde, Meine van Noordwijk and Suyanto (eds) 2009 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya
The Fair and Efficient REDD Value Chain Allocation (FERVA) method explores perceptions along the emerging REDD value chain. This brief reports on its applications in Indonesia and Peru.]]> ASB Policy Brief No. 14 Southeast Asia English Velarde SJ, van Noordwijk M and Suyanto (eds) . 2009. Perceptions of Fairness and Efficiency of the REDD Value Chain. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. GRP 5, GRP 6 2254 LE 161 LE0161-09 Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses: The case for a whole landscape approach Meine van Noordwijk, Peter A Minang, Sonya Dewi, J Hall and S Rantala 2009 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya A whole-landscape approach to reducing emissions and managing carbon stocks can help address the drivers of deforestation, reduce problems like leakage, and eliminate the need for precise forest definitions. ASB Policy Brief 13 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Minang PA, Dewi S, Hall J and Rantala S. 2009. Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses: The case for a whole landscape approach. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. GRP 5, GRP 6 2253 JA 353 JA0353-09 Carbon Budgets of Forest Ecosystems in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco and Florencia B Pulhin 2009 Journal of Environmental Science and Management University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) 12 1 1-13 Forest ecosystems can both be sources and sinks of carbon. Here, we review the state of knowledge on carbon budgets of Philippine forests types. The following are the main findings of the review: Carbon (C) density in aboveground biomass (AGB) declines by about 50% after logging, deforested areas covered with grasses and annual crops have C density less than 15 MgC/ha, conversion of natural forests to tree plantations and perennial crops reduce C density by about 50%, reforestation activities in degraded areas increase C density with a mean annual accumulation of up to about 10 MgC/ha/yr for fast growing species and 3 MgC/ha/yr for slow growing species, and silvicultural treatments such as mycorrhizal inoculation can increase C accumulation. In spite of the new information generated in the last few years, there is still a great need to quantify carbon stocks and rate of sequestration of the various forest types in the country. carbon credits, carbon sequestration and forest ecosystems ISSN 0119-1144 Philippines English 0 Lasco RD and Pulhin FB. 2009. Carbon Budgets of Forest Ecosystems in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 12(1):P. 1-13. GRP 5 2252 WP 123 WP0123-09 Pro-Growth Pathway for Reducing Net GHG Emissions in China Fredrich Kahrl, Timm Tennigkeit, Andreas Wilkes, Xu Jianchu, Yufang Su and Mei Yan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Beijing, China Working Paper no 93 15 ? Activities included in this rural climate programme would include: reducing the overuse of nitrogen-based fertilizers, encouraging rural households to replace inefficient burning of biomass with more efficient energy carriers, finding alternatives to agricultural residue burning, and sequestering carbon in agricultural soils, forests, and rangelands.
? All of the mitigation and sequestration activities we include in this paper have broader societal benefits. Reducing overuse of nitrogen fertilizers, for instance, could increase net incomes for farmers and improve water quality. Sequestering carbon in agricultural soils could increase soil fertility and moisture, increase agricultural yields and improve watershed functions.
? At an average abatement cost of $20 tCO2 -1, such a programme would require US$14.8 billion (104 billion yuan) per year in funding, equal to 0.3% of China?s GDP and 2.5% of government expenditures in 2008.
? A number of innovative mechanisms outside of public finance could be used to fund a rural climate programme, including the creation of a national offset programme or imposing a small fee on some emission intensive industrial sectors. For instance, funded as a carbon fee on China?s most carbon-intensive sectors, the cost to producers would be 1.1% of 2005 sales.
? Implementing a rural climate programme would require overcoming the human, financial, and technology constraints that have historically limited progress against policy goals for rural areas. For instance, extension agencies often lack the skills and funds to do what is currently asked of them, and extension would be even more important under a rural climate programme. Carbon revenues could play an important role in improving human resources, in encouraging adoption of practices and technologies, and in developing new technologies that overcome cost and scale hurdles.]]> China English 0 Kahrl F, Tennigkeit T, Wilkes A, Xu Jianchu , Yufang S and Mei Y. 2009. Pro-Growth Pathway for Reducing Net GHG Emissions in China. Working Paper no 93Beijing, China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 15 p. GRP 5 2251 JA 352 JA0352-09 Functional Links Between Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Culture in a Hani Swidden Landscape in Southwest China Xu Jianchu, Louis Lebel and Janet Sturgeon 2009 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 14 2 20 The landscape of Mengsong, southwest China~was biologically diverse until recently due to historical biogeographical processes overlain by the swidden-cultivation practices of the Hani who migrated there several centuries ago. Our research sought to understand how the Hani adjusted their livelihoods to new policies, markets, and technologies, and the consequences for biodiversity conservation. We combined landscape, plot, and household surveys, interviews, and reviews of secondary documents, to reconstruct the major changes and responses to challenges in the social-ecological system over previous decades. Significant changes from closed to open canopy of secondary- forest vegetation took place between 1965-1993 and from open-canopy to closed-canopy forest between 1993-2006, mostly explainable by changes in state land-use policies and the market economy. Most remaining swidden-fallow succession had been converted into tea or rubber plantations. Swidden-fallow fields used to contain significant levels of biological diversity. Until 2000, biodiversity served several important ecological and social functions in the Hani livelihood system. Indigenous institutions were often functional, for example, linked to fire control, soil management, and watershed protection. For centuries, the Hani had detailed knowledge of the landscape, helping them to adjust rapidly to ecological disturbances and changes in production demands. The Hani understood succession processes that enabled them to carry out long-term land-management strategies. Recent government policies and market dynamics have simplified livelihoods and landscapes, seriously reducing biodiversity, but greatly increasing the area of closed-canopy forest (including plantations) and undermining the usefulness of Hani knowledge and land-use institutions. Meeting both conservation and development objectives in this landscape will require new functional links between sustainable livelihoods, culture, and biodiversity, rather than seeking to recreate the past. biodiversity; cash crops; conservation and development; culture; fallow management; Bani people; livelihoods; monoculture; swidden landscape China English 0 Xu Jianchu, Lebel L and Sturgeon J. 2009. Functional Links Between Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Culture in a Hani Swidden Landscape in Southwest China. Ecology and Society. 14(2):P. 20. GRP 6 2250 JA 351 JA0351-09 Common and Privatized: Conditions for Wise Management of Matsutake Mushrooms in Northwest Yunnan Province, China Xuefei Yang, Andreas Wilkes, Yongping Yang, Xu Jianchu, Cheryl S. Geslani, Xueqing Yang, Feng Gao, Jiankun Yang and Brian Robinson 2009 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 14 2 30 common-pool resource; management strategies; Matsutake mushroom; open access; privatization; Yunnan Province China English 0 Xuefei Y, Wilkes A, Yongping Y, Xu Jianchu , Geslani CS, Xueqing Y, Gao F, Jiankun Y and Robinson B. 2009. Common and Privatized: Conditions for Wise Management of Matsutake Mushrooms in Northwest Yunnan Province, China. Ecology and Society. 14(2):P. 30. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 6 2249 PR 35 PR0035-09 Sustainable Land Management in the Highlands of Asia Rajesh Daniel 2009 Shangri-La Workshop 18-22 May 2009 Northwest Yunnan, China ICRAF-China, ICIMOD, Sino-German Technical Cooperation Programme Tibet 46 978-99946-853-9-4 <\br> Land degradation, one big challenge in the Highlands of Asia, is quite possibly the main environmental issue worldwide. While erosion is a natural process and different erosive processes have helped to shape the earth?s land surface over millions of years, in places human interference and action have increased the land degradation potential and affected infrastructure and the lives of millions of people. Land degradation negatively affects the livelihoods and food security of local people ? poor people in particular - in the upstream areas through degradation of the natural resource base. Downstream, the sediment loads resulting from widespread erosion leads to reduced life spans of reservoirs, abrasion of hydro-electrical equipment in hydropower stations, increased flood risk due to increased riverbed levels and other infrastructural problems. On the Tibetan Plateau ? located at the heart of the Highlands of Asia with extremely low precipitation and very high evaporation rates in the West, and excessive rainfall and temperate climate in the South East - a number of different degradation processes can be observed, be they wind erosion, water erosion, or mass movements. These processes are responsible for some of the highest sediment loads in the rivers originating on the plateau and extended areas that have fallen prey to desertification. To what extent these processes are human induced is still subject to scientific research. Sediments are believed to be from human induced erosion by forest clearing and intensified grazing. Desertification as a result of excessive pressure on grasslands and low water availabilities has further claimed good and productive areas. These areas provide little more than sediment sources nowadays and directly affect the food security of nomadic herders.

Over the past decades temperatures on the Highlands have increased by 0.16 and 0.32 degrees Celsius per decade for annual and winter temperatures, respectively. This resulted in the decrease of permafrost, destabilizing many areas on the Highlands. Glaciers were observed to melt faster than in the years before. This increasing trend is projected to continue significantly with the currently observed trends of global climate change. At the same time precipitation mainly in the winter was also observed to increase and is further projected to increase. However, due to increased temperatures, less precipitation is expected to fall as snow resulting in reduced snow cover and volume. Earlier thawing of snow cover well in advance of the spring season may result in severe spring droughts. With the projected scenarios for temperature and precipitation trends, natural vegetation zones on the Highlands will change substantially. The temperate grassland and cold temperate coniferous forest areas could expand and temperate as well as ice-edge deserts may shrink. These changes may result in a shift of the boundary of the farming-pastoral transition region and provide favourable conditions for livestock production. However, this transition zone is also in the area of potential desertification and serious consequences may occur if protection measures are not taken.]]> China English 0 2009. Sustainable Land Management in the Highlands of Asia. In: Daniel R,eds. Shangri-La Workshop 18-22 May 2009 Northwest Yunnan, China. ICRAF-China, ICIMOD, Sino-German Technical Cooperation Programme Tibet. 46 p. GRP 6 2248 BR 20 BR0020-09 Rewards for, Use of and shared investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services schemes (RUPES Phase 2) RUPES 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesi RUPES aims to work with both potential users and producers of environmental services to find conditions for positive incentives that are voluntary (within the existing regulatory framework), realistic (aligned with real opportunity costs and real benefits) and conditional linked to actual effects on environmental services), while reducing important dimensions of poverty in upland areas. At each of the RUPES sites, local institutions partner with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) to implement action research aimed at developing effective reward mechanisms in the local context. Baoshan, Tibetan Plateau, and Songhuaba in China; Loktak Lake in India; Aceh, Cidanau, Muara Bungo, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Singkarak, and Sumberjaya in Indonesia; Churia, Kulekhani, and Shivapuri in Nepal; Back Kan, Bakun, Lantapan, and Kalahan in The Philippine; and Thai Nguyen and Thua Thien Hue in Vietnam. National policy dialogues are aimed at making policy frameworks more conducive to positive incentives. RUPES is financially supported by the International Fund for Agricultural Development and various other donors. Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2009. Rewards for, Use of and shared investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services schemes (RUPES Phase 2). [Brochure].Bogor, Indonesi. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2247 TD 156 TD0156-09 Analisis Dampak Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat dan Lingkungan di DAS Konto Malang Noviana Khususiyah 2009 Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 146 DAS Konto berlokasi di kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur dan termasuk dalam dua kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Pujon dan Kecamatan Ngantang. Tekanan jumlah Penduduk, ekonomi dan politik menyebabkan eksploitasi dari sumber daya alam dan degradasi lahan meningkat. Dengan demikian produktivitas lahan dan kualitas DAS cenderung menurun dengan cepat. Pada umumnya pengelolaan hutan di Pulau Jawa termasuk di DAS Kali Konto ini dimonopoli oleh Perhutani dan dilaksanakan secara sentralistik, sehingga ruang partisipasi daerah dan masyarakat sekitar hutan sangat sempit. Kondisi ini menyebabkan berbagai konflik sosial yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan kerusakan hutan. Oleh karena itu, Perhutani melakukan kegiatankegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pelibatan masyarakat dalam mengelola hutan. Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi konflik, kerusakan dan tekanan terhadap hutan, Perhutani meluncurkan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) berdasarkan Keputusan Direksi Perhutani Nomor 1061/Kpts/Dir/2000 dan diganti dengan Keputusan Dewan Pengawas Perhutani Nomor 136/KPTS/DIR/2001. Program PHBM ini merupakan pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat dengan prinsip saling berbagi (sharing), kesetaraan dan keterbukaan. Prinsip berbagi ialah adanya pembagian peran, tanggung jawab dan faktor produksi (input), bahkan hingga pembagian hasil (output). Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) di beberapa lokasi berhasil sesuai standar Perhutani, tetapi di beberapa tempat masih belum berhasil, masih terjadi pencurian kayu, perambahan lahan hutan dan adanya kebakaran hutan, sehingga Hulu DAS Konto dalam kondisi rusak. Dalam pelaksanaannya, Program PHBM juga masih berbasis pada kegiatan kehutanan, masih kurang fleksibel, sinergitas dengan pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat juga belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Southeast Asia Indonesian Khususiyah N. 2009. Analisis Dampak Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat dan Lingkungan di DAS Konto Malang. Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. 146 p. GRP 6 2246 RP 247 RP0247-09 Indigenous Peoples and Oil Palm Plantation Expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Martua T Sirait 2009 Universiteit van Amsterdam and Cordaid Memisa Indonesia 102
West Kalimantan is planning to expand oil palm plantations by five million hectares, more than any other province in Indonesia, followed by Riau and Papua provinces both with expansion plans of three million hectares. Forest areas and smallholder agricultural lands without official land title are often classified by the government as ?non productive lands? or ?bare lands? and are targeted for conversion to oil palm plantations. According to the NGO Sawit Watch, West Kalimantan has the second highest level of land conflict related to oil palm plantations in Indonesia, after South Sumatra.

Three case studies of four ethnic subgroups of the Dayak Bidayuh indigenous people (Hibun, Sami, Jangkang and Pompang), describe and explore conflict and collaboration between these communities in West Kalimantan in relation to the expansion of oil palm plantations over their customary territories. This study does not attempt to estimate the quantitative scale of the conflict, such as number of people affected in terms of communities or households or the amount of indigenous land that has been taken over by the palm oil companies. Instead, the study explores qualitative aspects of the conflict, such as the feelings of members of these indigenous communities about the conflict, their ways of resolving conflict, and the impact on indigenous peoples? institutions and their customary lands. Although the study is not necessarily representative for the whole of West Kalimantan, it provides a fairly complete picture of how, in West Kalimantan, people in the villages confront the large scale palm oil plantations and how they cope with the opportunities but also with the conflicts caused by the way these plantations are started and implemented. The cases concern different stages and conditions in the conflict between oil palm plantations and Ips which together are indicative of the situation for Ips in other areas of Kalimantan. In my opinion, similar conflicts over land stimulated by oil palm plantations took place in Sumatra in the 1970-1980s and similar conflicts over land will likely take place in the near future in Sulawesi, Papua and small islands in Eastern Indonesia as the oil palm industry expands eastwards.]]> Southeast Asia English 0 Sirait MT. Indigenous Peoples and Oil Palm Plantation Expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Indonesia. : Universiteit van Amsterdam and Cordaid Memisa. 2009. 102 p. GRP 5 2245 PO 219 PO0219-09 Conditional Land Tenure : A Pathway to Healthy Landscapes and Enhance Livelihoods RUPES 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Sumberjaya located along the west coast of Sumatra and forms the upper watersheds of all major rivers on the island. The subdistrict of 55.000 ha almost coincides with the Way Besai upper watershed. The population was about 87.350 people in 2004, resulting in a population density of about 161 persons/km2. About 40 % of the sub district is classified as ?protection forest? and about 10 % as National Park. Nevertheless about 70 % of the area is now covered by coffee gardens. Sumberjaya is a benchmark for conflicts of forest watershed functions in Indonesia, and has witnessed one of the most intensive ?eviction? episodes, increasing poverty of squatter families. Current research suggests that these evictions (?punishing upland people and their environmental services? = PUPES) have been based on an incomplete understanding of the underlying issues. Getting the watershed functions right in Sumberjaya can not only solve a local problem, but also have substantial exemplary value. Case Study : Sumberjaya, Lampung Province, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. Conditional Land Tenure : A Pathway to Healthy Landscapes and Enhance Livelihoods. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2244 PO 218 PO0218-09 Clean Rivers, Lighted Lights : Monetary Rewards for Reducing Sediment RUPES 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Blessed with ample water, Indonesia fills a crucial portion of its energy needs with hydropower. However, the supply of hydropower has declined in recent years because of increasing sediment loads in the water used to generate electricity. RUPES researchers in the upper Way Besay watershed in Sumberjaya. Have isolated land degradation, land slides and erosion as primary factors in creating extremely high sediment loads that reduce production capacity and dramatically increase costs. Case Study : Sumberjaya, Lampung Province, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. Clean Rivers, Lighted Lights : Monetary Rewards for Reducing Sediment. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2243 PO 217 PO0217-09 Penunggalan (Singling) Jati Agus Asto Pramono, Ika Heriansyah, Nurin Widyani, M. Anies Fauzi, Gerhard E Sabastian and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Penunggalan (singling) adalah kegiatan pemotongan beberapa batang hasil trubusan jati yang memiliki bentuk batang yang tidak bagus sehingga tersisa 1 trubusan jati yang diharapkan mampu tumbuh menjadi 1 batang pohon jati yang lurus dengan bebas cabang tinggi, dan diameter lebih besar. Southeast Asia Indonesian Pramono AA, Heriansyah I, Widyani N, Fauzi MA, Sabastian GE and Ahmad AG. Penunggalan (Singling) Jati. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2242 PO 216 PO0216-09 Penjarangan (Thinning) Jati Agus Asto Pramono, Ika Heriansyah, Nurin Widyani, M. Anies Fauzi, Gerhard E Sabastian and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Penjarangan (thinning) adalah penebangan untuk memperlebar jarak tanam atau mengurangi jumlah pohon agar pertumbuhan dalam suatu area lebih merata sehingga mutu kayu yang dihasilkan meningkat. Southeast Asia Indonesian Pramono AA, Heriansyah I, Widyani N, Fauzi MA, Sabastian GE and Ahmad AG. Penjarangan (Thinning) Jati. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2241 PO 215 PO0215-09 Penjarangan (Thinning) Jati Tidak Seumur Agus Asto Pramono, Ika Heriansyah, Nurin Widyani, M. Anies Fauzi, Gerhard E Sabastian and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Pada hutan monokultur, seumur dan jarak tanam teratur, penjarangan relatif mudah untuk dilaksanakan. Pohon yang tumbuh lambat atau tertekan akan mudah dibedakan dengan pohon normal jika pohon jatinya seumur. Southeast Asia Indonesian Pramono AA, Heriansyah I, Widyani N, Fauzi MA, Sabastian GE and Ahmad AG. Penjarangan (Thinning) Jati Tidak Seumur. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2240 PO 214 PO0214-09 Pemangkasan (Pruning) Jati Agus Asto Pramono, Ika Heriansyah, Nurin Widyani, M. Anies Fauzi, Gerhard E Sabastian and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia
Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan tinggi bebas cabang dan mengurangi mata kayu dari batang utama.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Pramono AA, Heriansyah I, Widyani N, Fauzi MA, Sabastian GE and Ahmad AG. Pemangkasan (Pruning) Jati. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2239 WP 122 WP0122-09 The Emergence of Forest Land Redistribution in Indonesia Martua T Sirait 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 85 24 In recent years (post 1998 reform), through a long struggle between the forest agency, land agency, private sectors, local government, and peasant movements there have been some cases where upland peasant communities being allocated individual land rights from the forest converted areas under the public land redistribution. This cases develop further to a National Program (PPAN) and for several reason Forestry Department gave a ?green light? for the state (forest) land redistribute to the tillers. Through this paper the author elaborate further how the program developed in the current forestry debate in Indonesia to address the land conflict, forestry concessions allocations and conservation agenda. Southeast Asia English Sirait MT. 2009. The Emergence of Forest Land Redistribution in Indonesia. Working Paper no 85Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 24 p. GRP 6 2238 WP 121 WP0121-09 Lesson Learned RATA Garut dan Bengkunat: Suatu Upaya Membedah Kebijakan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan dan Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Kawasan Hutan Martua T Sirait, Saifullah Z.A and Ibang Lukman Nurdin 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 84 33
The assessment was conducted in between 2007-2009 in two village in Sagara (Garut District, West Java) and Tanjung Kemala (West Lampung district, Lampung Province). The assement found five key problems in the implementation of the national program which need to be address together by the forestry departement, national land agency as well as the local government to support their common goals.]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Sirait MT, Saifullah Z.A and Nurdin IL. 2009. Lesson Learned RATA Garut dan Bengkunat: Suatu Upaya Membedah Kebijakan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan dan Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Kawasan Hutan. Working Paper no 84Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 33 p. GRP 6 2237 NL 41 NL0041-09 Kiprah Agroforestri 4 Arif Rahmanulloh, Aunul Fauzi, Dudi Iskandar, Endri Martini, Erik Setiawan, Ign. Kristianto M, Jusupta Tarigan and Rachman Pasha 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 2 2 16 Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahmanulloh A, Fauzi A, Iskandar D, Martini E, Setiawan E, Ign. Kristianto M , Tarigan J and Pasha R. 2009. Kiprah Agroforestri 4. In: Fauzi A and Rahayu S,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2236 PR 34 PR0034-09 Penelitian-penelitian Agroforestri di Indonesia Tahun 2006-2009 Afif Bintoro, Budiadi, Budi Sulistiyawan, Christine Wulandari, Leti Sundawati, Nurheni Wijayanto and Rommy Qurniati 2009 Universitas Lampung (UNILA), The Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE), The Indonesia Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE) Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 217 978-979-18755-8-5 Southeast Asia Indonesian 2009. Penelitian-penelitian Agroforestri di Indonesia Tahun 2006-2009. In: Bintoro A, Budiadi , Sulistiyawan B, Wulandari C, Sundawati L, Wijayanto N and Qurniati R,eds. Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Universitas Lampung (UNILA), The Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE), The Indonesia Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE). 217 p. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2235 PR 33 PR0033-09 Integrating Conservation in the Upland Agriculture in Southeast Asia SEANAFE Jesus Fernandez 2009 International Agroforestry Education Conference, 24-26 October 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 26
The conference, therefore, was organized to examine how landscapes in Southeast Asia?s uplands are changing and how higher education institutions are responding to that change. Specifically, the Conference had the following objectives:
? Share evidences and experiences that strengthen the convergence of food security and environmental conservation goals for the uplands of Southeast Asia
? Examine and extract lessons from policies and programs related to agroforestry and natural resources management in Southeast Asia uplands
? Capture and develop shared understanding of the challenges, trends and best practices in agroforestry and natural resources education toward sustainable agriculture in Southeast Asian uplands

This report contains a synthesis of the papers presented and the outcomes of the small group workshops, and some themes and suggested actions emerging from the Conference discussions.]]> International Agroforestry Education Conference, 24-26 October 2007. The Imperial Mae Ping Hotel Chiang Mai, Thailand Southeast Asia English SEANAFE. 2009. Integrating Conservation in the Upland Agriculture in Southeast Asia. In: Fernandez J,eds. International Agroforestry Education Conference, 24-26 October 2007. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 26 p. GRP 3, GRP 6 2234 LE 160 LE0160-09 Konsep Jasa Lingkungan dan Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan di Indonesia RUPES 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia
Pemanfaatan sumberdaya dengan cara-cara yang melampaui potensi pemulihan alami akan mempengaruhi ketersediaan jasa lingkungan di masa mendatang. Jika terus berlanjut, aset lingkungan akan menurun tajam dan jasa lingkungan yang saat ini diperoleh Cuma-Cuma akan hilang atau menjadi mahal dalam jangka waktu dekat. Pada akhirnya, hal tersebut akan membahayakan kesejahteraan manusia. Masyarakat miskin yang dua pertiganya berada di Asia dengan kehidupan yang sangat bergantung pada alam akan menjadi lebih menderita dan pilihan mata pencaharian mereka juga akan terus berkurang.

Di tengah menurunnya daya dukung bumi dan kemiskinan yang makin meningkat, muncul komitmen global untuk memperkecil dampakdampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan serta berupaya mempertahankan berbagai pilihan untuk meningkatkan kehidupan manusia dengan caracara yang berkelanjutan. Indonesia, sebagai salah satu negara dengan wilayah hutan hujan tropis terluas dan kepadatan penduduk tertinggi, memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia dan perlindungan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia seharusnya menggariskan kebijakan strategis untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut.]]> Policy Brief Southeast Asia English 0 RUPES. 2009. Konsep Jasa Lingkungan dan Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan di Iindonesia. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2233 LE 159 LE0159-09 Programme for Developing Mechanisms to Reward The Upland Poor of Asia for Environment Services They Provide (RUPES) RUPES 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia RUPES aims to work with both potential users and producers of environmental services to find conditions for positive incentives that are voluntary (within the existing regulatory framework), realistic (aligned with real opportunity costs and real benefits) and conditional (linked to actual effects on environmental services), while reducing important dimensions of poverty in upland areas. At each of the RUPES sites, local institutions partner with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) to implement action research aimed at developing effective reward mechanisms in the local context. Baoshan, Tibetan Plateau, and Songhuaba in China; Loktak Lake in India; Aceh, Cidanau, Muara Bungo, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Singkarak, and Sumberjaya in Indonesia; Churia, Kulekhani, and Shivapuri in Nepal; Back Kan, Bakun, Lantapan, and Kalahan in The Philippine; and Thai Nguyen and Thua Thien Hue in Vietnam. National policy dialogues are aimed at making policy frameworks more conducive to positive incentives. RUPES is financially supported by the International Fund for Agricultural Development and various other donors. Technical Advisory Notes - Grant Number 534 Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2009. Programme for Developing Mechanisms to Reward The Upland Poor of Asia for Environment Services They Provide (RUPES). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2232 LE 158 LE0158-09 Reklamasi Lahan Alang-Alang (RAS3) Ilahang, Gede Wibawa, Ratna Akiefnawati and Eric Penot 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Ilahang, Wibawa G, Akiefnawati R and Penot E. 2007. Reklamasi Lahan Alang-Alang (RAS3). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2231 LE 157 LE0157-09 Sistem Wanatani Intensif (RAS 2) Ilahang, Gede Wibawa, Ratna Akiefnawati and Eric Penot 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Ilahang, Wibawa G, Akiefnawati R and Penot E. 2007. Sistem Wanatani Intensif (RAS 2). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2230 LE 156 LE0156-09 Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif (RAS1) Ilahang, Gede Wibawa, Ratna Akiefnawati and Eric Penot 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Ilahang, Wibawa G, Akiefnawati R and Penot E. 2007. Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2229 WP 120 WP0120-09 Preventing and identifying Scientific Fraud in Tree Science Research, with specific reference to World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Richard Coe, Flemming Nielsen, Meine van Noordwijk and Tony Simons 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya Working Paper no. 88 14
Even the most prestigious scientific journals, with the most rigorous systems of peer review, have had the unpleasant experience of having to withdraw publications on ?new? findings, that were based on falsified or dubious data. For example, the journal Science (Volume 289, 18 August 2000) retracted a paper previously published by the journal after it was found that one of the authors had falsified data. The significance of this is discussed in a thoughtful piece by Donald Kennedy in the same issue (p1137). He makes the point that every case of this type damages the reputation not only of the people and institutes involved, but, in the eyes of our public patrons, science and scientists generally. The Science case is not unique. A laboratory in Europe has recently had to retract hundreds of papers and around the world there are numerous cases being investigated.

Within ICRAF, and in many of our partner institutes, there seem to be two contradictory experiences. On the one hand there is the view that scientific fraud - the deliberate use of false data with intention to mislead ? does not happen in serious scientific institutes. Apart from a few well-publicized cases (cigarette damage, Piltdown Man, stem cells, perhaps cold fusion), basic scientific ethics would prevent anyone from deliberately fabricating evidence. On the other hand many scientists have had personal experiences in which they discovered or strongly suspected that data had been falsified. However, if these cases are not openly discussed, the correct reaction of the institute is not understood and there is no discussion of the reasons for fraud occurring nor putting in place mechanisms and systems to reduce likelihood of future fraud.]]> Southeast Asia English Coe R, Nielsen F, van Noordwijk M and Simons T. 2009. Preventing and identifying Scientific Fraud in Tree Science Research, with specific reference to World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Working Paper no. 88Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 14 p. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2228 PO 213 PO0213-09 Exploring Synergies for Integration: Adaptation to Climate Change and Ecosystem Management Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino and Florencia B Pulhin 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia It has been recognized that climate change is the greatest challenge faced by humanity today. It already has far reaching consequence to natural ecosystems (IPCC, 2007, Berry, 2007) and human systems (IISD, 2006). However, proper management and sustainable use of natural resources can allow for both ecosystem and people to adapt to climate change. Climate change impacts both ecosystem and human well-being. At the same time, ecosystem well-being affects human well-being. It also has a strong effect on the impacts of climate change. Human well-being also impacts ecosystem. On the other hand, the relationship may also be causal human activities are the cause of both ecosystem degradation and climate change. Similarly, climate change causes ecosystem degradation, and ecosystem degradation contributes to climate change. (Adopted from Schipper et.al., 2006) The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Philippines English Lasco RD, Delfino RJ and Pulhin FB. Exploring Synergies for Integration: Adaptation to Climate Change and Ecosystem Management. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5 2227 PO 212 PO0212-09 Smallholder Farmers Preferences and Strategies to Cope With Price Fluctuation: Case Study Rubber Smallholder in Jambi, Indonesia Ratna Akiefnawati, Jasnari, Endri Martini, Laxman Joshi, Suseno Budidarsono and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Price of agricultural commodities commonly influence farmers preference and decision making on the way they manage their agroforest and/or decide to replace it other land use systems. Increased price of a specific commodity will increase farmers motivation to intensify its role in their mixed agroforest garden, and potentially move towards a monocultural system. In comparison to agroforests, monocultural system may provide higher benefit for the farmer, as long as the price of the main crop is stable or increasing. But, when the price of the main product decreases, an agroforestry garden will provide more income security than the monoculture system due the more diverse products from agroforestry than monoculture system. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Akiefnawati R, Jasnari , Martini E, Joshi L, Budidarsono S and van Noordwijk M. Smallholder Farmers Preferences and Strategies to Cope With Price Fluctuation: Case Study Rubber Smallholder in Jambi, Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2, GRP 6 2226 PO 211 PO0211-09 Agroforestry: Perspectives and Performance in Indonesia Niken Sakuntaladewi and Iman Santoso 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia As an agrarian country, it is ironical that Indonesia has been importing food (rice, corn, wheat, beans etc.) for its people. From 1996 to 2005, the government spent 14.7 trillion annually to import food. The 3 need for water to irrigate agricultural land had also increased 10% per year from 74.9 billion m in 1990 to 3 91.5 billion m in 2000. The agricultural land had decreased 0,17 % per year from 2000 to 2005. More land is needed to fulfill the needs of around 220 million Indonesia people, whom about 48.8 million people (12%) live in and around state forest area, and 10.2 million people are in poor economic condition. With the total area of 120 million hectares (62% of the total country land), this state forest has important functions and roles as a life supporting system and a sources of food and energy, particularly for the people living in around the forest area. Currently the state forest is managed mostly for timber production, protection and conservation. There is a need to re-define the function of the state forest. Agroforestry has been practiced for decades by many Indonesians. It is one of the ways in optimizing the use of land for various purposes. What are the concern and knowledge of the community and the government in managing and in involving agroforestry in the state forest? To what extent has the agroforestry been practiced in the state's forests? What are the challenges? The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Sakuntaladewi N and Santoso I. Agroforestry: Perspectives and Performance in Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2225 PO 210 PO0210-09 Rubber Agroforests ? How to Define? Laxman Joshi, Hesti L. Tata, Endri Martini, Subekti Rahayu and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Rubber agroforests are a major part of the landscape in Sumatra and these harbor a large share of the original forest plant and animal species of lowland Sumatra. There is a continuum of management intensities affecting species richness [monoculture rubber (MR), simple rubber agroforests (SRA) and complex rubber agroforests (CRA) or ?jungle rubber? that resemble forests). Efforts are underway to get market recognition for the forest-like production conditions through eco-certification. Any form of certification, however, requires a clear operational definition of species-rich rubber agroforest. Using available data, we aim to provide quantitative criteria that are: ? easy to understand ? easy to measure ? reliable The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Tata HL, Martini E, Rahayu S and van Noordwijk M. Rubber Agroforests – How to Define?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2, GRP 6 2224 PO 209 PO0209-09 Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Options for Improving Livelihood and Conservation Laxman Joshi, Gede Wibawa and Suseno Budidarsono 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Wibawa G and Budidarsono S. Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Options for Improving Livelihood and Conservation. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2, GRP 6 2223 PO 208 PO0208-09 Smallholder Teak Production Systems in Gunungkidul, Indonesia James M Roshetko and Gerhard Manurung 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In East and Central Java, Indonesia smallholder farmers have developed tree production systems as the best use of marginal agricultural uplands. The systems are frequently intercropped, but dominated by trees with teak as the major species component. Farmers usually grow teak from seedlings of natural regeneration origin, without any attempt at selection for growth rate, wood quality or forms. Farmer surveys and an inventory of tree gardens were conducted in Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta, on Java Island to establish the importance of teak to farm families and to identify the silviculture practices currently used by farmers. Results indicate that few farmers practice any form of silvicultural management and smallholder teak production systems in Gunungkidul yield timber of limited quantity and quality. Smallholder management practices, together with limited market knowledge and restrictive timber regulation policy, impede the profitability of smallholder teak systems. Adopting improved silvicultural practices is a step towards improving returns from smallholder teak systems. Those practices should be integrated into the existing smallholder teak systems. A related challenge is to build smallholders' market linkages and improve their financing options. Work on those two topics is ongoing. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM and Gerhard Manurung G. Smallholder Teak Production Systems in Gunungkidul, Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2222 PO 207 PO0207-09 Mitigation of Agroforestry Sector in South Sorong District-Papua Jarot Pandu Panji Asmoro and Hendri 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Three categories of community forestry will be used to evaluated notably simple Agroforestry system (pattern 1-4), Complex Agroforestry system-1 (pattern 5) and Complex Agroforestry system-2 (pattern 6-7) respectively. The result show that Agroforestry system gave mitigation potential value at (~500 tC/ha), complex agroforestry-1 system (~550 tC/ha), and complex agroforestry-2 system (~700 tC/ ha). Both simple and complex Agroforestry system produce financial positive impact with range from US$ 16,752 to US$ 62,775 per ha/ rotation. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Asmoro JP and Hendri . Mitigation of Agroforestry Sector in South Sorong District-Papua. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5 2221 PO 206 PO0206-09 Market's Risk and Production Uncertainty: Drivers of Agroforestry Land Use Diversification of Smallholder Teak Grower in Gunungkidul District, Indonesia Iwan Kurniawan and James M Roshetko 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Markets are always changing. To remain aware buyers and sellers must consistently update their market information. Most smallholder farmers consider only the most basic market information when making land management and crop production decisions. They have little understanding of market specifications or market channels, resulting in an unfavorable bargaining position and low prices received for their products. Market risk existed because market information is imperfect; there are information deficiency and information asymmetry. Information deficiencies include incomplete information or information that is expensive to obtain. Asymmetric information is 'when one party to an exchange has information that is not available at any cost to the other party, and that information affects the costs of the uninformed party'. Teak is planted as a 'green cash deposit' to meet urgent cash needs. Frequently teak growers sell timber trees to traders with little knowledge of 'market prices' and 'quality standards'. Better market information would be an incentive for teak growers to cultivate trees and applying proactive silvicultural management. Farmers also face high risk due to production uncertainties. As a result, they need to implement multi products strategy in their limited resources. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Kurniawan I and Roshetko JM. Market's Risk and Production Uncertainty: Drivers of Agroforestry Land Use Diversification of Smallholder Teak Grower in Gunungkidul District, Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2220 PO 205 PO0205-09 Sugarpalm (Arenga pinnata) Agroforests as Source of Livelihoods for Farmers and Orangutan (Pongo abellii) in Batang Toru Forest Block, North Sumatra, Indonesia Endri Martini, James M Roshetko, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk, Elok Mulyoutami, Suseno Budidarsono and Arif Rahmanulloh 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Aren (Arenga pinnata) contributes significantly to the livelihood of many farm families in the Batang Toru area (North Sumatra). An important ?non-timber forest product?, the cultivation of Aren is based on natural regeneration, with secure tree ownership and controlled harvesting. In many parts of Indonesia Aren is in a similar low level of ? omestication? (Mogea et al. 1991). At the interface of local livelihoods and biodiversity, we studied the options for ?intensification? and ?domestication?. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Martini E, Roshetko JM, Joshi L, van Noordwijk M, Mulyoutami E, Budidarsono S and Rahmanulloh A. Sugarpalm (Arenga pinnata) Agroforests as Source of Livelihoods for Farmers and Orangutan (Pongo abellii) in Batang Toru Forest Block, North Sumatra, Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 1, GRP 3 2219 JA 350 JA0350-09 Can rewards for environmental services benefit the poor? Lessons from Asia Beria Leimona, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 International Journal of the Commons 3 1 82-107 Rewards for environmental services (RES) link global priorities on poverty reduction and environmental sustainability and are designed to balance effectiveness and efficiency with fairness and pro-poor characteristics. Yet, emerging RES approaches tend to focus primarily on the efficiency in provisioning the environmental services and often neglect the perspectives of various actors involved in natural resource management, their livelihood strategies and the multi-dimensional nature of poverty. This paper assesses some key issues associated with the design and implementation of RES in various Asian pilot sites by developing and exploring two propositions related to conditions required for RES to effectively contribute to poverty alleviation, and to preferred forms of pro-poor mechanisms. Our first proposition is that only under specific circumstances will actual cash incentives to individual RES participants contribute substantially to poverty alleviation in ES provider communities. The second proposition is that non-financial incentives to ES providers will contribute to reducing poverty by linking the community (participants and non-participants) to access to various types of capital (human, social, natural, physical and financial). A review of key ratios of relative numbers and wealth of service providers and beneficiaries supports the first proposition and rejects the notion of widespread potential for reducing upstream rural poverty through individual cash payments. Results of community focus group discussions support the second proposition through context-specific preferences for mechanisms by which RES can help trigger conditions for sustainable development. Asia, conservation, financial payment, non-financial payment, payments for environmental services, pro-poor, poverty URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-100052; ISSN:1875-0281 Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B, Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Can rewards for environmental services benefit the poor? Lessons from Asia. International Journal of the Commons. 3(1):P. 82-107. 6 2218 LE 155 LE0155-09 REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA) Meine van Noordwijk and Laxman Joshi 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Land use and land cover change are an important part (about 20%) of the total human-induced emission of greenhouse gasses that lead to global climate change. While most of the attention has so far gone to reductions in the other 80% that relate to fossil fuel use (and some other industrial processes), no opportunity to reduce emissions can be left ignored, if targets are to be met such as keeping global warming below 2 C. Reducing land-based emissions usually requires two things: A) dealing with the direct drivers of land use change that reduce C storage, e.g. through forest conversion; and B) supporting sustainablelivelihood options that are compatible with high C stock landscapes, with trees that provide goods and services. To get such efforts recognized, a further set of steps is needed, that we group here under monitoring, evaluation and transaction costs. Since the discussion on 'C markets' has started, there are high expectations that engaging in emission reduction and/or enhancing C storage can help provide funding for rural development. Much of that hope may be hype, but there are opportunities for real benefits if intentions are genuine and projects are designed well. The international rules are still under discussion. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Joshi L. 2009. REDD/REALU Site-level Feasibility Appraisal (RESFA). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2217 LE 154 LE0154-09 Biofuel Emission Reduction Estimator Scheme (BERES): Land use history, current production system and technical emission factors Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Biofuels appeared to be such a nice way of reducing the climate change challenge: it reduces political dependence on fossil fuel supply, can be done with minimal change to existing engines and modes of transport, and provides new sources of income for rural economies. Calculations of the area needed to make a dent into current fossil fuel use quickly showed that it cannot be a substantial contribution to energy issues without requiring large areas and interfering with markets for food crops. If biofuel production extends beyond current agriculture, it will often increase emissions of carbondioxide. The net effect will be often a lower estimate of emission reduction than expected, but if high C-stock land is cleared, biofuel use can also increase net emissions. The debate on such emission enhancement has focussed on oil palm in the humid tropics of SE Asia, where forest and peatland conversion currently lead to large emissions ? with or without a specific role for oil palm expansion. The public debate, however, has linked the two issues. The EU provided guidance to countries on minimum standards that should be used when biofuels are included in national renewable energy plans. Until 2017, a minimum emission reduction of 35% has to be achieved for any fuel included in the scheme, shifting to 50% by 2017 and 60% beyond. Default estimates are given for major current or potential sources of biofuel. A procedure was established to calculate emission reduction factors, using a lifecycle approach. Specific market flows of biofuels can apply for exception from the 'default' for the commodity. These procedures create the need for exporting countries and entities to understand the steps in calculation and to do the research needed to get reliable data. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2009. Biofuel Emission Reduction Estimator Scheme (BERES): Land use history, current production system and technical emission factors. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2216 PO 204 PO0204-09 The Intertwining Issues of Forestry and Upland Agriculture in Most Developing Countries in Tropical Asia - Implication to Climate Change Raquel C. Lopez, Paul L.G. Vlek and Rodel D. Lasco 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In developing countries like in tropical Asia, AGRICULTURE continuously expands in the FORESTS. Agricultural expansion is a major cause of deforestation and forests degradation, which are significant sources of GHGs emission, particularly carbon. Many of the rural poor in the countries live near or inside the forests, where subsistence agricultural crop production is central component of their livelihood and food source. They are the people who are going to be the hardest hit by the effects of climate change. On the other hand, they can also potentially contribute to mitigation efforts. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Philippines English Lopez RC, Vlek PL and Lasco RD. The Intertwining Issues of Forestry and Upland Agriculture in Most Developing Countries in Tropical Asia - Implication to Climate Change. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5 2215 PO 203 PO0203-09 Dipterocarp Trees in Rubber Agroforestry: Interplanting Strategies for High-value Timber Production in Sumatra Hesti L. Tata, Meine van Noordwijk, Degi Harja and Laxman Joshi 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia With depletion of natural forests, the main source of timber, farmers are now interested in growing timber trees inside Rubber gardens (called Kebun Karet) both for domestic use and household income.
Meranti, trade name for Shorea spp. (Dipterocarpaceae), is a high economic value timber, that can be inter-planted with Rubber. Some Shorea species, e.g. S. fallax, are shade tolerant; while others, like S. leprosula, S. selanica and S. lamellata, are light demanding.
To support on-farm experimentation, we used the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SExI-FS) to explore options and planting strategies.]]> The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Tata HL, van Noordwijk M, Harja D and Joshi L. Dipterocarp Trees in Rubber Agroforestry: Interplanting Strategies for High-value Timber Production in Sumatra. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2 2214 PO 202 PO0202-09 Integrating the Teaching of ?Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products? in University Curriculum in Southeast Asia: The SEANAFE Experience Jesus Fernandez 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia From 2005 to 2007, the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) developed a region-wide curricular framework and case study materials for teaching on ?Markets for agroforestry tree products (MAFTP)?. In general, the project was aimed at (a) improving agroforestry education in universities and colleges in Southeast Asia and (b) enhancing the teaching capacity of at least 100 lecturers from SEANAFE member institutions on the subject matter. Five country cases served as basis for developing the MAFTP curricular framework and teaching materials. In-country trainings were conducted and a Teacher?s Guide on how to use the curricular framework and the teaching case study materials was produced and disseminated to SEANAFE member institutions. Below is the MAFTP curricular framework developed through the project To ensure project impact, SEANAFE provided small grants to member institutions who showed interest to mainstream the project outputs. The action plans developed and submitted to SEANAFE by the in-country participants became the basis for implementing MAFTP mainstreaming activities in Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Fernandez J. Integrating the Teaching of “Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products” in University Curriculum in Southeast Asia: The SEANAFE Experience. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 3 2213 PO 201 PO0201-09 Contributions of Tree Crops in Compensating Emitted Carbon in Upland and Peatland Fahmuddin Agus, Eleonora Runtunuwu, Tania June, Erni Susanti, Herna Komara, Irsal Las and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Secondary forest, shrubland and Imperata grassland are available for plantation expansion and using these lands poses less environmental damage.
Time-averaged C stocks of such plantations in comparison to the primary or secondary forests and shrub that they replaced were analyzed under upland and peatland conditions.
Method and information on carbon budget associated to land use transitions to agriculture is important in designing the sector's contribution in green house gas (GHG) emission reduction strategies.]]> The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry 2009; “Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use” Southeast Asia English Agus F, Runtunuwu E, June T, Susanti E, Komara H, Las I and van Noordwijk M. Contributions of Tree Crops in Compensating Emitted Carbon in Upland and Peatland. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5, ALLREDDI 2212 PO 200 PO0200-09 Adoption of Clonal Rubber Agroforestry by Rubber Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia Dudi Iskandar, Laxman Joshi, Alison Loveridge and Bruce Manley 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 64% rubber area still under traditional mixed system using unselected rubber seedlings (often called jungle rubber), with low latex productivity but provide multiple products and services.
Intensive monoculture rubber with high yielding rubber clones offers higher latex productivity but requires high capital and labour input.
Improved Rubber Agroforestry System or RAS developed and promoted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) incorporates clonal rubber in traditional agroforestry setting improves latex productivity while maintaining benefits of traditional system.
RAS technology is becoming popular among smallholder rubber farmers, but its adoption is still slow and uneven; farmers cite multiple reasons for this.]]> The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Iskandar D, Joshi L, Loveridge A and Manley B. Adoption of Clonal Rubber Agroforestry by Rubber Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2 2211 PO 199 PO0199-09 Nitrogen Complementarity in Timber Based Hedgerow Intercropping System on an Acid Upland Soil in the Philippines Agustin Mercado Jr, Meine van Noordwijk, T Hilger, Rodel D. Lasco and Georg Cadisch 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Soil erosion is a major problem limiting availability of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops on sloping lands in Southeast Asia. The Integration of timber trees with annual crops in contour hedgerow systems reduces erosion, increases farmers? incomeandim proves environmental services such as water quality and carbon sequestration. This integration is considered a viable option for smallholder farmers in the humid tropics of SE Asia. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Philippines English Mercado Jr A, van Noordwijk M, Hilger T, Lasco RD and Cadisch G. Nitrogen Complementarity in Timber Based Hedgerow Intercropping System on an Acid Upland Soil in the Philippines. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5 2210 PO 198 PO0198-09 Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding Vegetable-tree Interaction is a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming Enterprise Agustin Mercado Jr, Caroline Duque-Piñon, Manuel Reyes, Manuel Palada, Flordeliz Faustino and Liwayway Engle 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Soil erosion is a major constraint to sustaining vegetable production on sloping lands in Southeast Asia. In tree-depleted landscapes with poor soils and risks prone environments, monoculture vegetable farming systems are not sustainable, but integrating trees, as contour hedges to control soil erosion, increase income of farmers, and improve farm environmental services particularly on carbon sequestration, offer better prospects and a viable option for smallholders. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Philippines English Mercado Jr A, Duque-Piñon C, Reyes M, Palada M, Faustino F and Engle L. Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System: Understanding Vegetable-tree Interaction is a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming Enterprise. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 2 2209 PO 197 PO0197-09 Modeling Human-Landscape System Dynamics to Support Reward Mechanisms for Agro-biodiversity Conservation in Jambi Province Grace B.Villamor, Quang Bao Le, Meine van Noordwijk and Paul L.G. Vlek 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Tradeoff between biodiversity and agricultural productivity has been studied at static level (Figure 1) but needs to be understood dynamically. An interdisciplinary modeling approach hopefully helps to capture the complexities of dynamic systems and feedback loops among different ecosystems in a landscape. In this on-going study, a multi-agent system (MAS) modeling approach will simulate and visualize the temporal and spatial scale effects on the tradeoffs between ecosystem goods and services while integrating a system dynamic model to capture the issue of multi-scales. This research will develop a tool-based approach in assessing ecosystem service tradeoffs to support designing payments or rewards for ecosystem services (P/RES) schemes. The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Villamor GB, Bao Le Q, van Noordwijk M and Vlek PL. Modeling Human-Landscape System Dynamics to Support Reward Mechanisms for Agro-biodiversity Conservation in Jambi Province. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2208 PO 196 PO0196-09 Managing Conflicts Over State-Forestland Through Soft Systems Methodology: The Case of Benakat Research Forest, South Sumatra Edwin Martin and Bondan Winarno 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ? A well-known approach to systems design that focuses on explicating different perspectives is Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). It has been used widely and successfully in many complicate problem situations.
? Nevertheless, both Indonesian researchers and practitioners were still unfamiliar with SSM. Moreover in the case of forest management, SSM was considered as complicated and timeconsuming approach. However, it is not always true.]]> Poster for The 2 World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24-28 August 2009 Southeast Asia English Martin E and Winarno B. Managing Conflicts Over State-Forestland Through Soft Systems Methodology: The Case of Benakat Research Forest, South Sumatra. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2207 JA 349 JA0349-09 Alternative Tree Crops for Reconstruction of the Green Infrastructure Post-Tsunami in the Coastal Areas of Aceh Barat District Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini and Fahmuddin Agus 2009 Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development 10 1 1-11 Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ?green infrastructure? was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan. Tree crops, land suitability, tsunami, coastal area, Aceh Southeast Asia English 0 Wahyunto, Ritung S, Wahdini W and Agus F. 2009. Alternative Tree Crops for Reconstruction of the Green Infrastructure Post-Tsunami in the Coastal Areas of Aceh Barat District. Alternative tree crops for reconstruction of gre. 10(1):P. 1-11. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 6 2206 LE 153 LE0153-09 Carbon Footprint of Indonesian Palm Oil Production: a Pilot Study Sonya Dewi, Ni'matul Khasanah, Subekti Rahayu, Andree Ekadinata and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In the last five years Indonesian palm oil production grew by 13.41% per year, with growth in export at 16.24% per year and slow growth in domestic consumption. Oil palm production in Indonesia and Malaysia is now in the focus of the debates on Biofuel and Carbondioxide (CO ) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, through 2 its association in the public debate with deforestation and (over)use of peatland. The potential use of palm oil as biodiesel to reduce dependency on, and emissions from, the use of fossil fuel has focused debate on the emissions caused by the conversion of land to oil palm and subsequent steps in the production. Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Khasanah N, Rahayu S, Ekadinata A and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Carbon Footprint of Indonesian Palm Oil Production: a Pilot Study. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6, ALLREDDI 2205 LE 152 LE0152-09 Rapid Appraisal of Agroforestry Practices, Systems And Technology (RAFT) Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Agroforestry is an umbrella term for a wide range of practices and situations in which trees are allowed to grow or are grown on farms and in agriculturally used landscapes. Specific terms for specific forms of agroforestry are needed before we can understand the strengths and weaknesses of the use of woody perennials as providers of goods and services, and appreciate the opportunities for and threats to their further enhancement. The RAFT framework provides guidelines for the description and analysis of the ways trees are used and of use to rural livelihoods. Southeast Asia English Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Agroforestry Systems And Technology (RAFT). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2204 JA 348 JA0348-09 Limited response to nursery-stage mycorrhiza inoculation of Shorea seedlings planted in rubber agroforest in Jambi, Indonesia Hesti L. Tata, Meine van Noordwijk, Richard Summerbell and Marinus J.A. Werger 2009 New Forests Springer 2010 39 51-74 Shorea selanica and Shorea lamellata seedlings that either had or had not received ectomycorrhiza (EcM) Scleroderma columnare inoculum, commercially available and prescribed as standard practice in nursery, into rubber gardens of different age and plot history. The objective was to assess whether or not absence of fungal inoculants restricted seedling survival, growth, nutrient uptake and EcM formation in the first 2 years after out-planting in Jambi. Inoculation with EcM fungi in nursery had only limited positive effects on growth in height and diameter or N and P uptake, but it enhanced survival in the period 6?24 months after outplanting in all plots. With or without nursery stage inoculation, S. selanica and S. lamellata can be used for enrichment planting or reforestation in Sumatra as the species respond well to high light intensities. Presence of up to five morphotypes of EcM confirmed the availability of inoculum also in second generation rubber agroforests. Internal transcribe spacer sequencing revealed no S. columnare could be identified from the ectomycorrhizal roots of S. lamellata and S. selanica.]]> Agroforestry, Dipterocarpaceae, Enrichment planting, Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Rubber agroforest, Scleroderma columnare Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Southeast Asia English 0 Tata HL, van Noordwijk M, Summerbell R and Werger MJ. 2009. Limited response to nursery-stage mycorrhiza inoculation of Shorea seedlings planted in rubber agroforest in Jambi, Indonesia. New Forests. : P. 24. GRP 1, GRP 2 2203 PR 32 PR0032-09 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Agroforestry Sebagai Pemanfaatan Lahan Berkelanjutan di Masa Depan (Agroforestry as the future Sustainable Land Use) Sumarhani 2009 Seminar Nasional Agroforestry Sebagai Pemanfaatan Lahan Berkelanjutan di Masa Depan Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Lampung Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 207 2009-05-07 00:00:00 978-979-18755-6-1 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Sumarhani. 2009. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Agroforestry Sebagai Pemanfaatan Lahan Berkelanjutan di Masa Depan (Agroforestry as the future Sustainable Land Use). Seminar Nasional Agroforestry Sebagai Pemanfaatan Lahan Berkelanjutan di Masa Depan. Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Lampung. 207 p. GRP 2, GRP 6 2202 JA 347 JA0347-09 Mainstreaming adaptation in developing countries: The case of the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, Rafaela Jane Delfino, Roberta Gerpacio and Kristine Garcia 2009 Climate and Development Earthscan 1 2 130–146 The Philippines, as an archipelago and a developing country, is very vulnerable to climate change. Current efforts to address the impacts of climate change exist but may not be sufficient. The first part of this paper reviews current knowledge on mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development. It then assesses how far climate change has been mainstreamed into key development plans and programmes in the Philippines. Interviews with key informants were also conducted. The results show that there is no mainstreaming in the Philippines. All the major development plans and policies reviewed did not contain any reference to climate change adaptation. Interviews with key stakeholders reveal a similar trend. The main reason preventing mainstreaming are that national priorities are biased towards concerns deemed more pressing, and that there is a pervasive lack of awareness about the impacts of climate change on sustainable development. However, there are massive investments in infrastructure projects designed to adapt to weather-related hazards. Projects such as these could provide an entry point for integrating climate change adaptation into development plans and policy in the Philippines. adaptation; climate change; development; mainstreaming; Philippines doi:10.3763/cdev.2009.0009; ISSN: 1756-5529 (print), 1756-5537 (online) Philippines English 0 Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Delfino RJ, Gerpacio R and Garcia K. 2009. Mainstreaming adaptation in developing countries: The case of the Philippines. Climate and Development. 1(2009):P. 130–146. GRP 5 2201 NL 40 NL0040-09 Kriteria dan Indikator Monitoring dan Evaluasi Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Lampung Barat Tim Penaskah Reformulasi 2009 Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure) Special Edition April 2009 43-62 Kebijakan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), merupakan kebijakan yang melibatkan masyarakat sekitar hutan sebagai pelaku utama untuk turut serta mengelola hutan, telah diimplementasikan di Lampung Barat sejak tahun 1999. Melalui payung hukum Surat Keputusan (SK) Menteri Kehutanan No. 31/Kpts-II/2001, telah dikeluarkan ijin terhadap sekitar 31 kelompok tani HKm yang tersebar di 5 Kecamatan (Sumberjaya, Way Tenong, Gedung Serian, Belalu, dan Bengkunat) di Lampung Barat. Surat Keputusan tersebut pada Desember 2007 mengalami revisi menjadi Permenhut 37/Menhut-II/2007, dan secara otomatis sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Permenhut No 37/Menhut-II/2007 kemudian menjadi landasan dikeluarkannya ijin definitif bagi 5 kelompok HKm di Lampung Barat, setelah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kelompok-kelompok tersebut ISSN 1978-1865 Southeast Asia Indonesian Tim Penaskah Reformulasi. 2009. Kriteria dan Indikator Monitoring dan Evaluasi Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Lampung Barat. Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure). GRP 6 2200 NL 39 NL0039-09 Mencari Status Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat dalam Komteks Kebijakan Konservasi Bagus Priatna, Rojak Nurhawan and Nurhilal 2009 Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure) Special Edition April 2009 39-42 Kawasan hutan gunung Halimun-Salak, seluas 113,357 ha, ditunjuk oleh pemerintah menjadi Taman Nasional sejak tahun 2003. Alasan dibalik penunjukan tersebut adalah untuk menjaga fungsi hidrologi hutan dan keanekaragaman hayati seperti lutung, macan dan sebagainya dari ancaman kepunahan. Penunjukan ini mendapat perlawanan dari masyarakat yang sudah turun menurun menggarap wilayah tersebut sejak tahun 1920an. Walaupun mendapat perlawanan, pemerintah tidak surut dan tetap berpegang bahwa wilayah tersebut merupakan kawasan hutan. Untuk itu, studi RaTA dilakukan untuk memahami bentuk klaim-klaim apa saja yang gunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bukti bahwa tanah tersebut merupakan tanah mereka. Selain itu pula, studi ini juga melihat seberapa jauh pemahaman masyarakat tentang aturan perundang-undangan atau hukum yang dapat melindungi klaim-klaim mereka tersebut ISSN 1978-1865 Southeast Asia Indonesian Priatna B, Nurhawan R and Nurhilal . 2009. Mencari Status Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat dalam Komteks Kebijakan Konservasi. Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure). GRP 6 2199 NL 38 NL0038-09 Naldi Gantika, Jomi Suhendri and Nurul Firmansyah 2009 Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure) April 2009 25-38 Adat basandi sarak, sarak basandi kitabullah" (Adat yang berpegang pada Agama, Agama Yang berpegang pada Al-Quran) juga tidak luput dari pengaruh pengelolaan hutan yang berparadigma "negara menguasai hutan". Beberapa peristiwa memperlihatkan hal demikian. Di salah satu nagari (desa) di Sumatera Barat yaitu Nagari Simanau, Kabupaten Solok, terjadi tumpang tindih penguasaan hutan akibat dari penetapan kawasan hutan secara sepihak oleh pemerintah. Saat ini, di dalam hutan ulayat nagari dan hutan ulayat suku, terdapat pancang-pancang batas kawasan hutan negara yaitu Hutan Produksi Terbatas (HPT). Penentuan letak pancang tersebut dilakukan tanpa sepengetahuan institusi yang ada di nagari, BPN (Badan Perwakilan Nagari) dan KAN (Kerapatan Adat Nagari). Penentuan batas sepihak ini menunjukkan secara tidak langsung dominasi hutan negara atas hutan nagari, dan dapat diartikan pada tidak adanya pengakuan pengelolaan hutan nagari yang dilakukan masyarakat adalah warisan dari sistem ulayat dan pengetahuan tradisional (kearifan lokal) yang dinikmati generasi sekarang dan yang akan datang. Kondisi ini mersahkan masyarakat nagari, walaupun pada saat ini kondisi konflik penguasaan lahan tersebut masih bersifat laten.]]> ISSN 1978-1865 Southeast Asia Indonesian GRP 6 2198 NL 37 NL0037-09 Lesson Learned RATA Garut dan Bengkunat: Suatu Upaya Membedah Kebijakan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan dan Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Kawasan Hutan Martua T Sirait, Saifullah Z.A and Ibang Lukman Nurdin 2009 Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure) April 2009 9-25 Rapid Land and Resource Tenure Assessment) dikembangkan oleh ICRAF untuk memperjelas tumpang tindih penguasaan atas tanah dan sumber daya alam lainnya khususnya yang dikelola oleh masyarakat dalam bentuk wanatani. Ketidak pastian penguasaan ini sudah sampai pada tingkat yang sangat memprihatinkan dan mengurangi semangat masyarakat untuk mengelola kebun wanataninya secara lebih baik (lestari dan ekonomis dan secara sosial dapat diterima) serta juga menimbulkan konflik yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini diperparah lagi dengan akses informasi yang tidak merata dan menimbulkan keresahan pada para pihak. Kondisi ini diharapkan diakhiri dengan suatu proses Rapid Land Tenure Assessment secara cepat untuk mendapatkan gambaran tumpang tindih penguasaan yang dapat diurai unruk mendapatkan kepastian penguasaan tanah dan sumber daya alam lainnya.]]> ISSN 1978-1865 Southeast Asia Indonesian Sirait MT, Saifullah Z.A and Nurdin IL. 2009. Lesson Learned RATA Garut dan Bengkunat: Suatu Upaya Membedah Kebijakan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan dan Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Kawasan Hutan. Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure). GRP 6 2197 PO 195 PO0195-09 Accountability and Local Level Initiative to Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Degradation in Indonesia Sonya Dewi and Jusupta Tarigan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Overall objective is to assist Indonesia to account for land-use based greenhouse gas emissions and to be ready to use international economic 'REDD' incentives for emission reduction in its decision making at the local and national levels Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Tarigan J. Accountability and Local Level Initiative to Reduce Emission from Deforestation and Degradation in Indonesia. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 5, GRP 6 2196 LE 151 LE0151-09 Voices of water users in Manupali watershed Delia Catacutan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Malaybalay City, Philippines Sustained economic, social, and environmental growth in Manupali watershed is highly dependent on judicious utilization of the resource base (e.g. water), effective control mechanisms, and fair sharing of benefits by all users - farmers, Local Government Unit (LGU), agri-business companies, National Irrigation Administration (NIA) and irrigators, National Power Corporation (NPC), and society in general. As demand for water in Manupali outstrips supply, a number of things are happening simultaneously: 1) rising conflict between different user-groups over who can use water and how much they can use; 2) allocation through issuance of water rights; and 3) collaboration of government and non-government agencies to develop viable interventions to manage the watershed. Southeast Asia English Catacutan D. 2009. Voices of water users in Manupali watershed. [Leaflet].Malaybalay City, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 6 2195 BC 297 BC0297-09 Fire and land use effects on biodiversity in the southern Sumatran wetlands Unna Chokkalingam, Iwan Kurniawan, S. Suyanto, Rizki Pandu Permana, Meilanie Buitenzorgy and Robiyanto Hendro Susanto 2009 Tropical Fire Ecology: Climate Change, Land Use and Ecosystem Dynamics Springer/Praxis 355-385 We studied the long-term effects of an intensified fire regime following logging and altered land use practices on the biodiversity and successional dynamics of forests on three sites (Sugihan, Mesuji and Pampangan) of roughly 300 km2 each, distributed across the continuous wetland ecosystem of southern Sumatra. Satellite image analysis and ecological and socio-economic surveys were combined to draw out the vegetation characteristics, and links to fire, land use history and site conditions. Since the 1970s-80s, this ecosystem has been subject to widespread repeated fires associated with or following intensive logging, transmigration and plantation development, sonor or swamp rice cultivation, and other local resource use. Burn traces in the soil profile suggest that earlier fire episodes were far more limited in their coverage than the severe and frequent burning of the recent past. The result was a rapid transformation from mature high mixed-species forests to sedge-grasslands, savannahs and open to dense mono-specific stands of fast-growing fire-adapted species. Current vegetation types are largely differentiated by structural rather than compositional differences, which are significantly linked to fire frequency or time since last fire. The more frequent and recent the fires, the more open the landscape with reduced density and basal area of trees. At present, the area is very species poor. Most patches in Sugihan and Mesuji are dominated by a single species - Melaleuca cajuputi - in the tree, sapling and seedling layers except for degraded mixed forests which have a mix of species in all layers. Degraded mixed forests were more recently logged and burnt just once in 1991. Pampangan has a different species composition with all patches dominated by Combretocarpus rotundatus in the tree layer, which is linked to greater organic matter depth. However in the deep peats of Pampangan also, the sapling and seedling layers are dominated by Melaleuca cajuputi in most patches suggesting a future shift in overstory composition to this more freshwater wetland-adapted species. This compositional shift is likely due to peat subsidence and increased likelihood of flooding following repeated burning. The live fuel structure with tall dense lower to mid strata of flammable herbaceous and woody species and scattered to dense tree cover renders all the vegetation types extremely fire prone in dry years. The flammable vegetation combined with increased development and population pressures on these last frontiers makes continued widespread fires highly likely. This will lead to further simplification of species composition and structure, and degradation of the landscape into treeless plains. Resource depletion has led to falling incomes and fewer livelihood options in southern Sumatra. Fires and their negative impacts have expanded into the northern provinces of Sumatra as well with timber and oil palm plantation development and/or migrating populations in search of livelihood options. Given the large contribution of peatland fires to transboundary haze, carbon emissions and global warming; reducing and controlling fires in the wetlands of Sumatra is of high priority. Fire management issues and options for the wetlands of southern Sum atra are discussed. Melaleuca cajuputi, Sumatra, peat, wetland, fire, biodiversity, GIS, Combretocarpus rotundatus, land use history, sonor Southeast Asia English 0 Chokkalingam U, Kurniawan I, Suyanto S, Permana RP, Buitenzorgy M and Susanto RH. 2009. Fire and land use effects on biodiversity in the southern Sumatran wetlands. In: Cochrane MA,eds. Tropical Fire Ecology: Climate Change, Land Use and Ecosystem Dynamics. : Springer/Praxis. P. 355-385. GRP 5, GRP 6 2194 BR 19 BR0019-09 World Agroforestry Centre - Headquarters World Agroforestry Centre 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya Head Quarters English World Agroforestry Centre. 2009. World Agroforestry Centre - Headquarters. [Brochure].Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2193 PO 194 PO0194-09 Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) in a Context of Environmental Service Rewards Ai Farida, Rudi Harto Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Andree Ekadinata, Kevin Jeanes, Betha Lusiana, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) is a tool to provide clarity on hydrological functions for all stakeholders in watershed environmental services. RHA can help to bridge the gaps of knowledge that may exist between local people, policy makers and scientist in watershed are Poster exhibited at Water Policy Conference, Prague, 22 – 25 June 2009 Southeast Asia English Farida A, Widodo RH, Mulyoutami E, Ekadinata A, Jeanes K, Lusiana B, Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) in a Context of Environmental Service Rewards. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2009. GRP 6 2192 PO 193 PO0193-09 Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA): A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) - in Vietnam Language Meine van Noordwijk and Diah Wulandari 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Vietnamese van Noordwijk M and Wulandari D. Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA): A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) - in Vietnam Language. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 2191 LE 150 LE0150-09 Pedoman Lapangan Survey Cepat Keanekaragaman Hayati (Quick Biodiversity Survey - QBS): Dalam Penilaian Cepat terhadap Agrobiodiversitas (RABA) Nurhariyanto, Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo, Jihad, Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia QBS adalah survey keanekaragaman hayati pada tingkat bentang alam di suatu desa dengan menggunakan indikator taxa. Taxa yang direkomendasikan antara lain: pohon, kelelawar, diurnal primata, burung, mamalia kecil dan kumbang tinja yang diamati dalam satu transek (sepanjang 1 km) dengan metode yang berbeda per tipe taxa-nya. Minimal dilakukan 2 transek per tipe penggunaan lahan. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan QBS di satu desa adalah 2-3 minggu pengamatan di lapangan dan 1 bulan untuk verifikasi hasil identifikasi jenis, analisa dan interpretasi data ke dalam bentuk laporan. Identifikasi jenis dilakukan dengan metode standar yang biasa dilakukan per masing-masing taxa. Selama pengambilan data, juga dicatat langsung di lapangan atau dikoleksi informasi data sekunder mengenai parameter fisik (suhu, curah hujan, tipe tanah, ketinggian dan kelembaban). Southeast Asia Indonesian Nurhariyanto, Prasetyo PN, Jihad , Joshi L and Martini E. 2008. Pedoman Lapangan Survey Cepat Keanekaragaman Hayati (Quick Biodiversity Survey - QBS): Dalam Penilaian Cepat terhadap Agrobiodiversitas (RABA). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2190 LE 149 LE0149-09 Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA): Penilaian Cepat Keanekaragaman pada konteks penghargaan jasa lingkungan keanekaragaman hayati Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Seiring dengan semakin cepatnya laju deforestasi di daerah tropis, menurunnya keanekaragaman hayati menjadi perhatian dunia dan berbagai program konservasi kemudian banyak dilakukan. Pada awalnya, pendekatan program konservasi keanekaragaman hayati didasarkan pada segregasi fungsi ruang antara 'areal lindung ' dan 'areal pertanian intensif '. Pendekatan segregasi tersebut ternyata kurang tepat sasaran, sehingga dikembangkan kembali metode pendekatan yang meng kan substansi pentingnya menjaga keanekaragaman hayati pada bentang alam yang produktif. Saat ini, pelaku-pelaku konservasi mulai mengkombinasikan kedua pendekatan tersebut pada sistem-sistem yang memungkinkan berpadunya konservasi dengan kegiatan pengembangan ekonomi/ penghidupan. Insentif spesifik dari para pelaku konservasi seringkali diperlukan untuk memotivasi para pengelola kebun agar tetap menjaga aspek 'konservasi' pada sistem-sistem tersebut. Southeast Asia Indonesian Joshi L and Martini E. 2008. Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA): Penilaian Cepat Keanekaragaman pada konteks penghargaan jasa lingkungan keanekaragaman hayati. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2189 PO 192 PO0192-09 Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program James M Roshetko 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The Rehabilitation of Agricultural Systems in Aceh - Developing Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program was implemented between April 2007 and February 2009 by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International, with support from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA, Minister of International Cooperation). The NOEL Program operated in Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat, Pidie and Pidie Jaya. Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM. Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 1, GRP 3 2188 JA 346 JA0346-09 Belajar Bersama: Media Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petani yang Efektif Ratna Akiefnawati, Suyitno and Laxman Joshi 2007 Warta Perkaretan Pusat Penelitian Karet 26 2 54-61 Untuk mempercepat pembangunan dan peningkatan produktivitas karet diperlukan teknik pembangunan kebun karet klon melalui kelompok tani dan penangkar bibit untuk menyiapkan benih karet unggul yang berkualitas. Dalam kegiatan pengembangan kebun wanatani karet yang didanai oleh CFC, ICRAF dibentuk 11 kelompok tani yang berada di Kabupaten Bungo dan Tebo, Provinsi Jambi, dan dua kelompok tani di Kabupaten Pasaman Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Selain itu dibina 11 penangkar bibit karet yang berada di kedua provinsi tersebut. Bantuan proyek yang diberikan berupa bahan tanam karet sebagai entres (sumber mata okulasi) dan biji untuk batang bawah. Pelatihan dan bimbingan teknis diberikan kepada anggota kelompok dan petani karet untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka. Selain itu dilakukan studi banding-kunjungan silang ke masing-masing kebun kelompok dan melihat demplot yang sudah dibangun ICRAF, sebagai media tukar pikiran pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi para petani. Diharapkan dengan terbangunnya kebun karet kelompok di desa akan mempermudah masyarakat desa dan sekitarnya memperoleh bibit karet unggul yang terjamin sumbernya serta dengan harga yang terjangkau. Klon unggul, benih karet, penangkar, kelompok tani Southeast Asia Indonesian Akiefnawati R, Suyitno and Joshi L. 2007. Belajar Bersama: Media Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petani yang Efektif. Warta Perkaretan. 26(2):P. 54-61. 2187 JA 345 JA0345-09 Potensi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kebun Wanatani Berbasis Karet Klonal di Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat Bina Swasta Sitepu, Budi, Ilahang, Setia Budhi and Hafiz Ardian 2007 Warta Perkaretan Pusat Penelitian Karet 26 2 36-44 Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry System/RAS) di emapat dusun di Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat. Dari plot percobaan RAS 1 di empat dusun yang diamati, terdapat 76 jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk mengobati penyakit. Dusun Pana merupakan dusun yang memiliki keragaman jenis tumbuhan obat tertinggi yaitu 37 jenis, diikuti Dusun Embaong 19 jenis, 15 jenis di Dusun Senunuk dan 11 jenis di Dusun Engkayuk. Pengetahuan etnobotani yang dimiliki setiap tabib atau pengenal jenis yang beragam terhadap pengenalan jenis tumbuhan obat yang ditemui.]]> Hevea brasiliensis, wanatani, RAS 1, keragaman]]> Southeast Asia Indonesian Sitepu BS, Budi , Ilahang , Budhi S and Ardian H. 2007. Potensi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kebun Wanatani Berbasis Karet Klonal di Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat. Warta Perkaretan. 26(2):P. 36-44. 2186 JA 344 JA0344-09 Efektifitas Pengendalian Jamur Akar Putih (JAP) Secara Kimia dan Biologi Pada Tanaman Karet dalam Sistem Wanatani Ratna Akiefnawati, Subekti Rahayu, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi 2007 Warta Perkaretan Pusat Penelitian Karet 26 2 30-35 Trichoderma sp. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dari kedua cara tersebut terhadap pengendalian JAP. Pengendalian dengan triadimefon maupun Trichoderma paling efektif dilakukan pada tanaman yang mengalami serangan tingkat sedang. Efektivitas triadimefon mencapai 70% dan Trichoderma mencapai 63%. Pada serangan akut, kedua cara pengendalian tersebut tidak efektif untuk digunakan karena efektifitasnya hanya sekitar 13% untuk triadimefon dan 20% untuk Trichoderma.]]> Jamur Akar Putih, tingkat serangan, jenis pengendalian, wanatani karet Southeast Asia Indonesian Akiefnawati R, Rahayu S, Wibawa G and Joshi L. 2007. Efektifitas Pengendalian Jamur Akar Putih (JAP) Secara Kimia dan Biologi Pada Tanaman Karet dalam Sistem Wanatani. Warta Perkaretan. 26(2):P. 30-35. 2185 PO 191 PO0191-09 Negotiation support tools: linking science and policy Betha Lusiana, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2008 University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany Agro-ecosystems involve tradeoffs between multiple functions related to food security, climate change, policy interventions and technological innovations. Integrated Natural Resource Management requires a dynamic and efficient approach to assess the various plausible options in managing the landscape. Poster presentation at International Symposium ‘Interdependencies between upland and lowland agriculture and resource management‘, 7-8 October 2008, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Southeast Asia English Lusiana B, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. Negotiation support tools: linking science and policy. : Stuttgart, Germany. : University of Hohenheim. 2008. GRP 6 2184 PO 190 PO0190-09 Pemantauan Kondisi Iklim dan Hidrologi DAS Paninggahan di Nagari Paninggahan B Kartiwa and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Tersedianya informasi iklim dan hidrologi diperlukan dalam penyusunan strategi pengelolaan air serta pengembangan model prediksi debit untuk kebutuhan irigasi sawah dan kebutuhan debit masuk Danau Singkarak. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya variasi iklim antar tahun serta pengaruh perubahan tutupan lahan menjadi perkebunan kopi robusta organik. Informasi iklim dipantau oleh stasiun iklim otomatik (AWS, Automatic Weather Station), sedangkan informasi hidrologi dipantau oleh stasiun pencatat tinggi muka air otomatik (AWLR, Automatic Water Level Recorder) Southeast Asia English Kartiwa B and van Noordwijk M. Pemantauan Kondisi Iklim dan Hidrologi DAS Paninggahan di Nagari Paninggahan. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5, GRP 6 2183 PO PO0009-04 A model of model of Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems Meine van Noordwijk, Betha Lusiana and Rachmat Mulia 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B and Mulia R. A model oA model of Water,, Nutriient and Liight Capture iin Agroforestry Systems. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2004. 2182 JA 343 JA0343-09 Trade-offs analysis for possible timber-based agroforestry scenarios using native trees in the Philippines Fernando Santos Martin and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 Agroforest Systems Springer Science+Business Media B.V 13 To assess possible new agroforestry scenarios the tree?soil?crop interaction model in agroforestry systems (WaNuLCAS 3.01) was used based on-site specific data collected from Tabango (Central Philippines). Three native timber trees (Shorea contorta Vid., Pterocarpus indicus Juss., and Vitex parviflora Willd.) and one widely spread exotic specie (Swietenia macrophylla King.) were simulated under different intercrop scenarios with maize (Zea mays L.) and subsequently compared. Model simulation results quantified and explained trade-off between tree and crop. For example, higher tree densities will lead to a loss of crop yield that is approximately proportional to the gain in wood volume. However, beside this trade-off effect, there is considerable scope for tree intercropping advantage under a fertilization scenario, with systems that yield about 50% of the maximum tree biomass still allowing 70% of monoculture maize yield. Maximum tree yield can still be obtained at about 20% of the potential crop yield but intermediate tree population densities (400 trees ha-1) and the resulting larger stem diameters may be preferable over the larger total tree biomass obtained at higher tree densities. Another advantage from intercropping systems is that trees directly benefit from the inputs (i.e., fertilizer) that are applied to the crops. The three native trees species studied have different performance in relation to productivity but are similar to (or even better than) S. macrophylla. Native timber trees, Intercropping, Tree–soil–crop interactions, Trade-offs Southeast Asia English URL]]> GRP 3, GRP 6 2181 OP 2 OP0002-09 The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia Douglas Sheil, Anne Casson, Erik Meijaard, Meine van Noordwijk, Joanne Gaskell, Jacqui Sunderland-Groves, Karah Wertz and Markku Kanninen 2009 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 51 67 ISBN 978-979-1412-74-2 Southeast Asia English Sheil D, Casson A, Meijaard E, van Noordwijk M, Gaskell J, Sunderland-Groves J, Wertz K and Kanninen M. 2009. The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia. 51Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 67 p. GRP 5, GRP 6 2180 LE 148 LE0148-09 Agriculture and Climate Change: An Agenda for Negotiation in Copenhagen For Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Direct and Indirect Mitigation Through Tree and Soil Management (Policy Brief) Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2009 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington DC, USA One of the greatest opportunities for agriculture to mitigate climate change is indirect?through reduced pressure on forest resources. The decision on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD), adopted by the 13th Conference of Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), ?? encourages Parties?to address the drivers of deforestation relevant to their national circumstances, with a view to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.? In 2009, negotiations in the FCCC have focused on REDD-plus, which considers reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation, and enhancement of carbon stocks through sustainable forest management and afforestation. Focus 16 - Brief 4 - May 2009 Southeast Asia English 0 Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2009. Agriculture and Climate Change: An Agenda for Negotiation in Copenhagen For Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Direct and Indirect Mitigation Through Tree and Soil Management (Policy Brief). Washington DC, USA. : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). GRP 5, GRP 6 2179 LE 147 LE0147-09 Agroforestry options for Tanzania Aichi Kitalyi, Gerson Nyadzi, Mary Lutkamu, Remen Swai and Benjamin Gama 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya Agroforestry offers robust options to improve agricultural productivity and achieve environmental sustainability. Policy Brief No. 03, 2009 Head Quarters English Kitalyi A, Nyadzi G, Lutkamu M, Swai R and Gama B. 2009. Agroforestry options for Tanzania. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2178 LE 146 LE0146-09 Mitigating climate change and transforming lives in forest margins: Lessons from swiddens in Indonesia Meine van Noordwijk, Elok Mulyoutami, Niken Sakuntaladewi and Fahmuddin Agus 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Bogor, Indonesia Slash-and-burn clearance of forests leads to large emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses. Often the blame is on ?shifting cultivators?, although migrants to the forest margin and companies clearing land for plantations have used the same method for ?land clearing?. In promoting livelihoods that help maintain high carbon stocks in the landscape, many lessons can be learned from the way ?shifting cultivation? or ?swidden? systems evolved in Southeast Asia. Policy Brief No. 01, 2009 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Mulyoutami E, Sakuntaladewi N and Agus F. 2009. Mitigating climate change and transforming lives in forest margins: Lessons from swiddens in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). GRP 2, GRP 5, GRP 6 2177 LE 145 LE0145-09 Green fertilizers can boost food security in Africa Gudeta Sileshi, Oluyede C. Ajayi, Festus K. Akinnifesi and Frank Place 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya A continent-wide meta-analysis finds that green fertilizers significantly improve maize yield, either alone or in synergy with small doses of mineral fertilizer Policy Brief No. 02, 2009 Head Quarters English Sileshi G, Ajayi OC, Akinnifesi FK and Place F. 2009. Green fertilizers can boost food security in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2176 LE 144 LE0144-09 The Case for Investing in Africa?s Biocarbon Potential 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) offers a great opportunity for Africa to contribute to climate change mitigation and help millions of smallholder farmers adapt to climate change impacts. The Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), supported by the World Agroforestry Centre, is promoting a biocarbon approach for carbon management in African landscapes Policy Brief No. 04, 2009 Head Quarters English 2009. The Case for Investing in Africa’s Biocarbon Potential. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2175 LE 143 LE0143-09 Africa?s Biocarbon Interests ? Perspectives for a new climate change deal 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya The Africa Biocarbon Initiative is promoting a whole-landscape approach to carbon management that takes into account the full opportunities for reducing emissions and increasing carbon stocks in agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU). Africa contributes least to greenhouse gas emissions but is most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and has the least capacity to adapt to these changes. The Africa Biocarbon Initiative calls on the international climate change community - and African negotiators in particular - to urgently consider the significant potential of African countries to contribute to and benefit from landbased climate change mitigation efforts. Policy Brief No. 05, 2009 Head Quarters English 2009. Africa’s Biocarbon Interests – Perspectives for a new climate change deal. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2174 JA 342 JA0342-09 China Shakes the World?and Then What? Xu Jianchu 2009 Conservation Biology Society for Conservation Biology 23 3 513–515
If you wish to order paper offprints or reprints, please contact our customer support team: http://www.conbio.org/. With a view to copyright stipulations please be advised that: This article was originally published in a journal published by Society for Conservation Biology (SCB), and the attached copy is provided by Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Society for Conservation Biology (SCB)'s permissions site at: http://www.conbio.org/.]]> China English Xu Jianchu. 2009. China Shakes the World—and Then What?. Society for Conservation Biology. 23(3):P. 513–515. GRP 3, GRP 6 2173 JA 341 JA0341-09 The Melting Himalayas: Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Water, Biodiversity, and Livelihoods Xu Jianchu, R. Edward Grumbine, Arun Shrestha, Mats Eriksson, Xuefei Yang, Yun Wang and Andreas Wilkes 2009 Conservation Biology Society for Conservation Biology 23 3 520–530
If you wish to order paper offprints or reprints, please contact our customer support team: http://www.conbio.org/. With a view to copyright stipulations please be advised that: This article was originally published in a journal published by Society for Conservation Biology (SCB), and the attached copy is provided by Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Society for Conservation Biology (SCB)'s permissions site at: http://www.conbio.org/.]]> alpine ecosystem, cascading effects, climate change, glaciers, Himalayas, water resources China English Xu Jianchu, Grumbine RE, Shrestha A, Eriksson M, Yang X, Wang Y and Wilkes A. 2009. The Melting Himalayas: Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Water, Biodiversity, and Livelihoods. Conservation Biology. 23(3):P. 520–530. GRP 5, GRP 6 2172 JA 358 JA0358-10 The Rubber Juggernaut Alan D. Ziegler, Jefferson M. Fox and Xu Jianchu 2009 Science Science 324 5930 1024-1025 Rubber plantations are expanding rapidly throughout montane mainland Southeast Asia (1?3). More than 500,000 ha may have been converted already in the uplands of China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar (see the figure, panel A). By 2050, the area of land dedicated to rubber and other diversified farming systems could more than double or triple, largely by replacing lands now occupied by evergreen broadleaf trees and swidden-related secondary vegetation (2). What are the environmental consequences of this conversion of vast landscapes to rubber? DOI: 10.1126/science.1173833 Southeast Asia English Ziegler AD, Fox JM and Xu Jianchu . 2009. The Rubber Juggernaut. Science. 324: P. 1024-1025. GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 6 2171 PP 277 PP0277-09 Environmental Risks of Farming Peat Land Fahmuddin Agus Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 103-109 Southeast Asia English Agus F. 2008. Environmental Risks of Farming Peat Land. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 4, GRP 6 2170 BK 138 BK0138-09 Monitoring air di daerah aliran sungai Subekti Rahayu, Rudy Harto Widodo, Meine van Noordwijk, Indra Suryadi and Bruno Verbist 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 104 979-3198-45-3 Southeast Asia For Sale Indonesian 0 Rahayu S, Widodo RH, van Noordwijk M, Suryadi I and Verbist B. 2009. Monitoring air di daerah aliran sungai. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 104 p. GRP 6 2169 MN 44 MN0044-09 Fallow 2.0. Manual and Software Desi Ariyadhi Suyamto, Rachmat Mulia, Meine van Noordwijk and Betha Lusiana 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 67 979-3198-44-6 Southeast Asia For Sale English 0 Suyamto DA, Mulia R, van Noordwijk M and Lusiana B. 2009. Fallow 2.0. Manual and Software. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 67 p. GRP 6 2168 MA 23 MA0023-09 Martua T Sirait 2008 Warta Tenure 6 24-25 Southeast Asia Indonesian "Rapid Land Tenure Assessment" di Desa Margaharja, Ciamis 28-29 Juli 2008. "Warta Tenure. Vol.6: 24-25]]> GRP 6 2167 MA 22 MA0022-09 Gamma Galudra 2008 Warta Tenure 6 22 Southeast Asia Indonesian "Rapid Land Tenure Assessment" di Sumatera Barat: Mengkaji Penguasaan Ulayat (Sumber Daya Alam) dengan Cepat. "Warta Tenure. Vol.6: 22]]> GRP 6 2166 MN 43 MN0043-09 Pilihan tanaman pertanian untuk Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Agricultural Crop Options for Aceh Barat District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province) Wahyunto, Fahmuddin Agus, Sofyan Ritung and Wahyu Wahdini 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia) Bogor, Indonesia 54 978-602-8039-11-6 Southeast Asia Indonesian - English Wahyunto, Agus F, Ritung S and Wahdini W. 2008. Pilihan tanaman pertanian untuk Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Agricultural Crop Options for Aceh Barat District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province). Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia). 54 p. GRP 2 2165 JA 340 JA0340-09 Pertumbuhan Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dalam Sistem Monokultur dan Campuran dengan Akasia (Acacia mangium). Studi Kasus di Sembawa, Sumatra Selatan : II. Simulasi dengan Menggunakan Model WaNulCAS Ni'matul Khasanah, Thomas Wijaya, Tania June, Betha Lusiana and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 Jurnal Penelitian Karet Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet Indonesia 26 1 49-64 Interplanting of Acacia mangium within rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) may be an attractive option for smallholder rubber farmers in the tropics to increase their land productivity. Light competition with rubber trees may occur as A. mangium being a very fast growing tree species. Thus, careful planting schedule of A. mangium is probably required to reduce light competition with rubber trees. This study presented results of exploration of growth of H. brasiliensis using WaNuLCAS model with scenario (1) A. mangium was planted few years (1 6 years) after H. brasiliensis planting and (2) A. mangium was slashed at 27 cm tree diameter. Result of WaNuLCAS model simulation showed that management option to delay the planting of A.mangium in respect to the planting of H. brasiliensis showed significant effect on the growth of H. brasiliensis. If the planting of A.mangium was delayed up to five years, year of tapping of H. brasiliensis almost similar to the monoculture systems. Planting A. mangium in the same year with H. brasiliensis or delaying the planting less than 5 years impacts both rubber and A. mangium growth. The longer the delay of planting of A.mangium, the faster H. brasiliensis reached tappable period but the longer it takes for A. mangium to reach harvestable size. Hevea brasiliensis, Acacia mangium, intercrop systems, model WaNuLCAS, simulation, tree growth, sistem campuran, simulasi, pertumbuhan pohon ISSN 0852 - 808 X Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Hevea brasiliensis) dalam Sistem Monokultur dan Campuran dengan Akasia (Acacia mangium). Studi Kasus di Sembawa, Sumatra Selatan : II. Simulasi dengan Menggunakan Model WaNulCAS. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 26(1):P. .]]> GRP 2 2164 JA 339 JA0339-09 Pertumbuhan Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dalam Sistem Monokultur dan Campuran dengan Akasia (Acacia mangium). Studi Kasus di Sembawa, Sumatra Selatan: I. Pengukuran Status Air dan Lingkungan Radiasi Ni'matul Khasanah, Thomas Wijaya, Tania June, Gregoire Vincent, Meine van Noordwijk and Gede Wibawa 2008 Jurnal Penelitian Karet Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet Indonesia 26 1 31-48 Interplanting of Acacia mangium within Hevea brasiliensis may be an attractive option for smallholder rubber farmers in the tropics to increase their land productivity. Indeed, economic prospects for timber are good as timber resource of the natural forest has become seriously depleted and particularly so in Sumatra where this study has been conducted. Being a very fast growing tree species, spacing arrangement are probably required to reduce light competition with rubber trees. Competition for water use between tree species in period of low rainfall may be another constraint for the growth of the rubber tree. A large portion of rubber planted area in Indonesia is subject to two or more dry months during which rubber may shed its leaves and stop its growth. This study compared a series of growth and physiological parameters measured on rubber and A. mangium trees either in monoculture or mixed system. Rubber trees grown in monoculture had two levels of tree spacing, 6 m x 3.3 m and (6 x 2) m x 14 m while A. mangium had one level, 3 m x 3 m. Rubber trees and A. mangium grown in mixed systems had tree spacing, (6 x 2) m x 14 m and (3 x 3) m x 17 m, respectively. In the fifth year after plot establishment, variation in the growth of rubber was analyzed in relation to leaf water potential (LWP), light interception by canopy, biomass and light use efficiency (LUE). LWP was used not only as an indicator of plant water status, but also as indicator of competitive strength. Pre-dawn LWP of rubber showed significant differences between rainy and dry season. LWP of A. mangium is lower than rubber. However, LWP of rubber under different systems studied did not show any consistent difference. On the other hand, even though there was no significant difference between LUE of rubber trees in mixed systems and in monoculture systems, the biomass of rubber trees and light interception of rubber in mixed systems were significantly smaller than those of monoculture systems. Thus, the net effect of A. mangium on depressing rubber growth was likely to be primarily caused by shading. Hevea brasiliensis, Acacia mangium, intercrop systems, leaf water potential, light intercepted by canopy, light use efficiency, tree growth ISSN 0852 - 808 X Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Hevea brasiliensis) dalam Sistem Monokultur dan Campuran dengan Akasia (Acacia mangium). Studi Kasus di Sembawa, Sumatra Selatan: I. Pengukuran Status Air dan Lingkungan Radiasi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 26(1):P. .]]> GRP 2 2163 JA 338 JA0338-09 Pembangunan wanatani berbasis karet pada lahan terdegradasi alang-alang di Kalimantan Barat (Development of Rubber Agroforests on Degraded Imperata Grassland in West Kalimantan) Elok Mulyoutami, Laxman Joshi, Ilahang, Gede Wibawa and Eric Penot 2008 Jurnal Penelitian Karet Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet Indonesia 26 1 20-30 Imperata grassland covers large areas of West Kalimantan. Trials of rehabilitation of Imperata land for planting rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) indicate that this is possible with limited resource (labour including) input. Rubber Agroforestry System 3 (RAS3) on-farm trial in West Kalimantan was a part of a large network of testing rubber agroforestry systems in Indonesia. Annual crops (rice, chilli, vegetables) were grown in the first year only. Either non-vine cover crops (Mucuna, Flemingia, Crotalaria, Setaria and Chromolaena) or multipurpose trees (such as Gliricidia) and fast growing trees (FGT) (such as Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea) for pulpwood were planted immediately after rice harvest. Shading of these trees suppressed Imperata growth. Potential of cover crops to suppress Imperata growth varied between species. Pueraria and Mucuna was the most effective suppressor of Imperata whereas Crotalaria proved ineffective. Rubber trees in the control plots (without cover crops) had the slowest growth. The FGT trials in Trimulya village showed that not all FGTs were successful in controlling Imperata regrowth. The time of rubber trees on FGTs plots to reach mature period (recommended tapping size) was prolonged by more than a year compared with those in legume cover crops or LCC (Pueraria and Mucuna) plots. The FGTs, particularly Acacia, grew rapidly and affected rubber trees in the first years; hence farmers cut down all remaining FGTs in the third year. These rubber agroforests not only increase farmer income, but also provide better environmental condition compared with Imperata covered land. Hevea brasiliensis, Imperata cylindrica, shading, cover crops, clones, weed competition, naungan, tanaman penutup, klon, kompetisi gulma ISSN 0852-808 X Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Mulyoutami E, Joshi L, Ilahang , Wibawa G and Penot E. 2008. Pembangunan wanatani berbasis karet pada lahan terdegradasi alang-alang di Kalimantan Barat (Development of Rubber Agroforests on Degraded Imperata Grassland in West Kalimantan). Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 26(1):P. . GRP 2 2162 TD 155 TD0155-09 Struktur komunitas pohon pada tipe lahan yang dominan di desa Lubuk Beringin, Kabupaten Bungo, Jambi Harti Ningsih 2009 Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung, Indonesia 69 Program Studi Biologi Southeast Asia Indonesian Ningsih H. 2009. Struktur komunitas pohon pada tipe lahan yang dominan di desa Lubuk Beringin, Kabupaten Bungo, Jambi. Bandung, Indonesia. : Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati Institut Teknologi Bandung. 69 p. GRP 2, GRP 6 2161 NL 36 NL0036-09 Kiprah Agroforestri 3 Arif Rahmanulloh, Aunul Fauzi, Elok Mulyoutami, Hesti L. Tata, Janudianto, Jusupta Tarigan, Lia Dahlia, Subekti Rahayu, Suyitno and Tonni Asmawan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 2 1 16 Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahmanulloh A, Fauzi A, Mulyoutami E, Tata HL, Janudianto , Tarigan J, Dahlia L, Rahayu S, Suyitno and Asmawan T. 2009. Kiprah Agroforestri 3. In: Rahayu S and Fauzi A,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2160 LE 142 LE0142-09 The roles of intermediaries in payment for environmental services: establishment, implementation and monitoring in Vietnam - in Vietnam Language Pham Thu Thuy, Bruce M Campbell and Hoang Minh Ha 2009 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese Thuy PT, Campbell BM and Hoang MH. 2009. The roles of intermediaries in payment for environmental services: establishment, implementation and monitoring in Vietnam - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF. GRP 6 2159 LE 141 LE0141-09 The roles of intermediaries in payment for environmental services: establishment, implementation and monitoring in Vietnam Pham Thu Thuy, Bruce M Campbell and Hoang Minh Ha 2009 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam English Thuy PT, Campbell BM and Hoang MH. 2009. The roles of intermediaries in payment for environmental services: establishment, implementation and monitoring in Vietnam. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF. GRP 6 2158 LE 140 LE0140-09 Pro-poor payments for environmental services in Vietnam - in Vietnam Language Pham Thu Thuy, Hoang Minh Ha and Bruce M Campbell 2009 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese Thuy PT, Hoang MH and Campbell BM. 2009. Pro-poor payments for environmental services in Vietnam - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF. GRP 6 2157 LE 139 LE0139-09 Pro-poor payments for environmental services in Vietnam Pham Thu Thuy, Hoang Minh Ha and Bruce M Campbell 2009 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam English Thuy PT, Hoang MH and Campbell BM. 2009. Pro-poor payments for environmental services in Vietnam. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF. GRP 6 2156 LE 138 LE0138-09 Trees in Multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA). A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) - in Vietnam Language Meine van Noordwijk, Diah Wulandari, Nguyen Hoang Quan and Hoang Minh Ha 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese van Noordwijk M, Wulandari D, Quan NH and Hoang MH. 2009. Trees in Multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA). A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6 2155 LE 137 LE0137-09 Trees in Multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA). A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) Meine van Noordwijk, Diah Wulandari, Nguyen Hoang Quan and Hoang Minh Ha 2009 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam English van Noordwijk M, Wulandari D, Quan NH and Hoang MH. 2009. Trees in Multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA). A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM). [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6 2154 LE 136 LE0136-09 Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): a rapid but integrated way to assess landscape carbon stocks - in Vietnam Language Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): a rapid but integrated way to assess landscape carbon stocks - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6, ALLREDDI 2153 LE 135 LE0135-09 Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): An Integrated Approach to Assess Watershed Functions and Management Options - in Vietnam Language Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): An Integrated Approach to Assess Watershed Functions and Management Options - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6 2152 LE 134 LE0134-09 Participatory Landscape Analysis (PaLA) - in Vietnam Language Hoang Minh Ha 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam Vietnamese Hoang MH. 2008. Participatory Landscape Analysis (PaLA) - in Vietnam Language. [Leaflet].Hanoi, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) - Vietnam. GRP 6 2151 JA 337 JA0337-09 Fruit and Vegetable Industry in Indonesia: Production and Limited Access to Market E.G Fonsah, James M Roshetko, Ery Nugraha and Gerhard Manurung 2008 Journal of Food Distribution Research 39 1 62-66 Southeast Asia English Fonsah E, Roshetko JM, Nugraha E and Gerhard Manurung G. 2008. Fruit and Vegetable Industry in Indonesia: Production and Limited Access to Market. Journal of Food Distribution Research. 39(1):P. 62-66. GRP 1, GRP 2 2150 JA 336 JA0336-09 Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Elok Mulyoutami, Ratna Rismawan and Laxman Joshi 2009 Forest Ecology and Management Elsevier B.V. 8
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All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial.]]> Agroforestry, Biodiversity, Indigenous knowledge, Intellectual property rights, Traditional ecological knowledge, Traditional forest management Southeast Asia IN PRESS English simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management. : P. 8.]]> GRP 2 2149 JA 335 JA0335-09 Trees and Regeneration in Rubber Agroforests and Other Forest-Derived Vegetation in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia) Hesti L. Tata, Meine van Noordwijk and Marinus Werger 2008 Journal of Forestry Research Ministry of Forestry-Forestry Research and Development Agency 5 1 1-20 10 cm dbh) selective thinning by farmers was evident in a reduction of species diversity and an increase in the proportion of trees with edible parts. Very few trees dependent on ectomycorrhiza fungi were encountered in the RAF. However, the relative distribution of early and late successional species as evident from the wood density distribution showed no difference between RAF and forest.]]> Diversity indices, species richness, structure, tropical secondary forest Southeast Asia English Tata HL, van Noordwijk M and Werger M. 2008. Trees and Regeneration in Rubber Agroforests and Other Forest-Derived Vegetation in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia). Journal of Forestry Research. 5(1):P. 1-20. GRP 1, GRP 6 2148 JA 334 JA0334-09 Why Forests Are Important for Global Poverty Alleviation: a Spatial Explanation William Sunderlin, Sonya Dewi, Atie Puntodewo, D Müller, Arild Angelsen and M Epprecht 2008 Ecology and Society 13 2 24 Southeast Asia English Sunderlin W, Dewi S, Puntodewo A, Müller D, Angelsen A and Epprecht M. 2008. Why Forests Are Important for Global Poverty Alleviation: a Spatial Explanation. Ecology and Society. 13(2):P. 24. GRP 6 2147 JA 332 JA0332-09 Nitrogen complimentary and competition in timber based agroforestry system Agustin Mercado Jr 2008 Annal of Tropical Research Southeast Asia IN PRESS English Mercado Jr A. 2008. Nitrogen complimentary and competition in timber based agroforestry system. Annal of Tropical Research. : P. . GRP 2 2146 BC 296 BC0296-09 Seedling Production Systems for Smallholder Forestry Development: Local Practices versus National Policies in the Philippines Steve Harrison, N Gregorio, John Herbohn and Agustin Mercado Jr Gerrard Buttoud 2008 Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge AgroParisTech-Engref Nancy, France 89-96 Southeast Asia English Harrison S, Gregorio N, Herbohn J and Mercado Jr A. 2008. Seedling Production Systems for Smallholder Forestry Development: Local Practices versus National Policies in the Philippines. In: Buttoud G,eds. Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge. Nancy, France. : AgroParisTech-Engref. P. . GRP 1 2145 PP 276 PP0276-09 Accelerating livelihood and environmental recovery in Aceh and Nias through tree crops Laxman Joshi 2008 International workshop on Post-Tsunami Soil Management, Safari Garden Hotel, Cisarua, 1-2 July 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Aceh remains one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia despite its rich natural resources. The 3-decade long political conflict, economic isolation, lack of technology and weak institutional setups are part of the reasons. The long political dispute between the government and the Free Aceh Movement (or GAM) killed nearly 15,000 people, displaced more than 35,000 households and caused serious damage and deterioration of infrastructure. The 2004 earthquake and tsunami thus occurred in a province that was already experiencing large-scale disaster, damage and poverty. There is much disparity in the poverty of people living in the coastal areas and those living further upland. About 54% of the people live inland and nearly 94% of them rely on agriculture compared to 55% in the coastal areas. On average 76% of total household income is based on agricultural activities and tree crops are the most important providing 60 to 78% of total household income. Rubber, cocoa, areca nuts, coffee, coconut and oil palm are important income generating tree crops. These tree crops are fundamental to the economic prosperity in Aceh and Nias. Many of the environmental problems in the post-disaster context cannot be solved through short-term measures and only through conservation oriented programs. A focus on ?trees people want? and tree-based systems and how such forest and agroforest systems can be managed in a sustainable manner is a key to accelerating livelihood recovery and economic and environmental recovery in Aceh and Nias. natural disaster; conflict; tree crops; environment; economic development Southeast Asia English Joshi L. 2008. Accelerating livelihood and environmental recovery in Aceh and Nias through tree crops. International workshop on Post-Tsunami Soil Management, Safari Garden Hotel, Cisarua, 1-2 July 2008. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 6 2144 WP 119 WP0119-09 An assessment of the potential for carbon finance in rangelands Timm Tennigkeit and Andreas Wilkes 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Working paper No. 68 Philippines English Tennigkeit T and Wilkes A. 2008. An assessment of the potential for carbon finance in rangelands. Working paper No. 68: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. GRP 5 2143 WP 118 WP0118-09 Towards mainstreaming climate change in grassland management polices and practices on the Tibetan plateau Andreas Wilkes 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Beijing, China Working paper no. 67 43 Southeast Asia English Wilkes A. 2008. Towards mainstreaming climate change in grassland management polices and practices on the Tibetan plateau. Working paper no. 67Beijing, China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 43 p. GRP 5 2142 PP 275 PP0275-09 Climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resource management in the Himalayan region Xu Jianchu, A Shrestha and M Eriksson LN Braun, W Hagg, IV Severskiy and G Young 2008 Proceedings of workshop ?assessment of snow, glacier and water resources in Asia? held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28-30 Nov 2006 Joint Publication of UNESCO-IHP and the German National Committee for IHP/HWRP Paris, France 59-71 Southeast Asia English Xu Jianchu, Shrestha A and Eriksson M. 2008. Climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resource management in the Himalayan region. In: Braun L, Hagg W, Severskiy I and Young G,eds. Proceedings of workshop “assessment of snow, glacier and water resources in Asia” held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28-30 Nov 2006. Paris, France. Joint Publication of UNESCO-IHP and the German National Committee for IHP/HWRP. GRP 5 2141 JA 331 JA0331-09 Water resource management in a middle mountain watershed X Ma, Xu Jianchu and Qian Jie 2008 Mountain Research and Development 28 3/4 286-291 Southeast Asia English Ma X, Xu Jianchu and Jie Q. 2008. Water resource management in a middle mountain watershed. Mountain Research and Development. 28(3/4):P. 286-291. GRP 4 2140 JA 330 JA0330-09 Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems in the Philippines: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Mitigation Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, Patricia Ann Sanchez, Grace B.Villamor and Karl Abelard L. Villegas 2008 Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11 1 1-14 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Sanchez PA, Villamor GB and Villegas KA. 2008. Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems in the Philippines: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Mitigation. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 11(1):P. 1-14. GRP 5 2139 JA 329 JA0329-09 Climate Variability and Extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, Philippines: Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation Practices Rose Jane J. Peras, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D. Lasco, Rex Victor O. Cruz and Florencia B Pulhin 2008 Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11 2 14-31 Philippines English Peras RJ, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Cruz RV and Pulhin FB. 2008. Climate Variability and Extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, Philippines: Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation Practices. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 11(2):P. 14-31. GRP 5 2138 PP 274 PP0274-09 Salinity dynamics of Tsunami affected soils in the coastal area of West Aceh IGM. Subiksa, Wahyunto and Fahmuddin Agus Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 255-258 Southeast Asia English IGM. Subiksa, W and Agus F. 2008. Salinity dynamics of Tsunami affected soils in the coastal area of West Aceh. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 6 2137 PP 273 PP0273-09 Agricultural crops suitability for Aceh Barat Distict Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini and Fahmuddin Agus Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 147-151 Southeast Asia English W, Ritung S, Wahdini W and Agus F. 2008. Agricultural crops suitability for Aceh Barat Distict. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 1 2136 PP 272 PP0272-09 Prospecting some scenarios on green development strategies in Arongan Lambalek, West Aceh, Indonesia, using the fallow model D Desi Ariyadhi Suyamto, Betha Lusiana, Rachmat Mulia, Meine van Noordwijk, Andree Ekadinata and Suseno Budidarsono Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 264-265 Southeast Asia English Suyamto DA, Lusiana B, Mulia R, van Noordwijk M, Ekadinata A and Budidarsono S. 2008. Prospecting some scenarios on green development strategies in Arongan Lambalek, West Aceh, Indonesia, using the fallow model D. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 6 2135 PP 271 PP0271-09 Rebuilding green infranstructure with trees people want (REGRIN Project) in Aceh and Nias Laxman Joshi Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 192 Southeast Asia English Joshi L. 2008. Rebuilding green infranstructure with trees people want (REGRIN Project) in Aceh and Nias. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 6 2134 PP 270 PP0270-09 Towards inclusive, integrative and informed spatial planning in Aceh Barat Sonya Dewi, Andree Ekadinata and Feri Johana Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 152-162 Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Ekadinata A and Johana F. 2008. Towards inclusive, integrative and informed spatial planning in Aceh Barat. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 6 2133 PP 269 PP0269-09 Participatory tree crops development: institutional and group dynamic analysis M Supriadi, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 97-101 Southeast Asia English Supriadi M, Wibawa G and Joshi L. 2008. Participatory tree crops development: institutional and group dynamic analysis. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 1 2132 PP 268 PP0268-09 Rubber based agroforestry systems: options for smallholders Gede Wibawa, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk and Eric Penot Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 63-67 Southeast Asia English Wibawa G, Joshi L, van Noordwijk M and Penot E. 2008. Rubber based agroforestry systems: options for smallholders. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 2 2131 PP 267 PP0267-09 Livelihood and environment in Aceh and Nias: the role of tree crops in pos-tsunami development Laxman Joshi and Ery Nugraha Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun and Syahabuddin 2008 Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 22-27 Southeast Asia English Joshi L and Nugraha E. 2008. Livelihood and environment in Aceh and Nias: the role of tree crops in pos-tsunami development. In: Perner H, George A, Zaitun and Syahabuddin ,eds. Proceedings Land Use after the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, November 4-6, 2008. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 2 2130 BK 137 BK0137-09 World Agroforestry Centre 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 36 Head Quarters English GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2129 PP 266 PP0266-09 Economic Assessment of Tree-based Agricultural Systems in West Aceh Suseno Budidarsono and Yuliana Cahya Wulan 2008 International Symposium Proceedings: Land Use After Tsunami, Supporting Education, Research and Development in Aceh Region Banda Aceh, Indonesia 86-91 Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S and Wulan YC. 2008. Economic Assessment of Tree-based Agricultural Systems in West Aceh. International Symposium Proceedings: Land Use After Tsunami, Supporting Education, Research and Development in Aceh Region. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. GRP 2 2127 RP 246 RP0246-09 Upper Kapuas Hulu Basin Livelihood Study Suseno Budidarsono, Gamma Galudra, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Arif Rahmanulloh, Bambang Soeharto, Janudianto, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Elok Mulyoutami 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S, Galudra G, Sakuntaladewi N, Rahmanulloh A, Soeharto B, Janudianto , Adi DK and Mulyoutami E. Upper Kapuas Hulu Basin Livelihood Study. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 2126 LE 133 LE0133-09 Barrier Analysis for Tree Enhancement: WNoTree - Analisa Kendala Penanaman Pepohonan Meine van Noordwijk, Endri Martini and S. Suyanto 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Agroforestri, dikenal juga dengan istilah wanatani, adalah penggunaan lahan berdasarkan penanaman pohon, yang mempunyai fungsi perlindungan seperti fungsi hutan yaitu keanekaragaman hayati, ekosistem yang sehat, melindungi sumber air dan tanah, penyimpan karbon. Selain itu, juga memiliki fungsi produksi. Meskipun demikian, pepohonan yang ditanam dalam sistem agroforestri tidak termasuk dalam definisi formal maupun data statistik 'hutan' dan juga sering diabaikan dalam kerangka kerja legal dan institusional bagi pengelolaan hutan yang berkelanjutan. Perubahan paradigma dalam sektor kehutanan dan debat publik diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kesalahpahaman tersebut. Southeast Asia Indonesian TUL-SEA Project. 2009. Barrier Analysis for Tree Enhancement: WNoTree - Analisa Kendala Penanaman Pepohonan. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 2, GRP 6 2125 LE 132 LE0132-09 Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA): Kajian Cepat Terhadap Pasar: Menangkap peluang pasar bagi petani Agroforestry skala kecil yang berorientasi pasar Suseno Budidarsono and Iwan Kurniawan 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Adanya perekonomian pasar dan perbaikan infrastruktur pedesaan telah memperluas peluang perdagangan bagi banyak petani. Namun, pengelolaan kebun kayu secara tradisional seringkali melemahkan kemampuan petani untuk memproduksi produk berkualitas tinggi dalam jumlah yang diinginkan sesuai dengan spesifikasi pasar. Petani kecil umumnya kurang terkait dengan pasar dan akses terhadap informasi pasar yang lemah (Hammett 1994; Arocena-Fransico et al. 1999). Di Filipina, Predo (2002) menemukan bahwa bertani dalam sistem Agroforestry lebih menguntungkan daripada produksi tanaman tahunan, namun ketidakpastian pemasaran menghambat penanaman pohon. Akses pasar yang tersedia bagi produk kayu merupakan kriteria penting dalam pemilihan lokasi (Scherr 1999 dan 1995; Landell-Mills 2002). Jika tidak, pengembangan sistem perekonomian menjadi suatu keraguan. Southeast Asia Indonesian Budidarsono S and Kurniawan I. 2009. Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA): Kajian Cepat Terhadap Pasar: Menangkap peluang pasar bagi petani Agroforestry skala kecil yang berorientasi pasar. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3 2124 LE 131 LE0131-09 Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): Pemahaman Penguasaan Tanah secara Ringkas - Sebuah alat untuk mengidentifikasi sifat dari konflik penguasaan tanah Gamma Galudra, Gamal Pasya and Martua T Sirait 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Deforestasi, kebakaran hutan, pembalakan liar dan konflik tanah dengan masyarakat adat seringkali merupakan masalah utama dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan. Banyak pengamat/peneliti menghubungkan masalah ini dengan isu penguasaan tanah, namun hanya sedikit riset yang menyediakan analisis terperinci mengenai kompetisi klaim hak akses dan penggunaan tanah hutan. Sumber utama dari kompetisi klaim ini dikarenakan oleh kurangnya kejelasan legitimasi dan legalitas dari kebijakan penguasaan tanah. Legalitas mengacu kepada kesesuaian dengan hak dan prinsip konstitusi, sementara legitimasi mengacu kepada keterlibatan penuh dari pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dalam diskusi dan pembaharuan legal. Konflik penguasaan tanah muncul dari persepsi dan interpretasi yang berbeda yang dimiliki masyarakat terhadap hak mereka atas tanah dan sumberdaya hutan. Tidak seperti prosedur lain yang hanya mengidentifikasi sistem penguasaan tanah seadanya dan konflik umum saja, Pemahaman Penguasaan Tanah secara Ringkas (RATA) menyelidiki kompetisi klaim antara berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan karena kompetisi klaim ini seringkali berhubungan dengan tumpang tindih kebijakan penguasaan tanah, yang berkembang akibat sejarah waktu yang berbeda dan untuk berbagai tujuan yang berbeda pula. Southeast Asia Indonesian Galudra G, Pasya G and Sirait MT. 2009. Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): Pemahaman Penguasaan Tanah secara Ringkas - Sebuah alat untuk mengidentifikasi sifat dari konflik penguasaan tanah. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 2123 LE 130 LE0130-09 Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): Penilaian Cepat Cadangan Karbon-Cara cepat dan terpadu untuk menilai cadangan karbon pada lanskap Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Sekitar 20% emisi karbondioksida (CO ) dan gas rumah kaca lain yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim dihasilkan 2 dari perubahan penggunaan lahan di daerah tropis. Meskipun hingga saat ini sebagian besar kebijakan terfokus pada penggunaan bahan bakar fosil sebagai penyebab emisi CO terbanyak, namun komponen perubahan lahan 2 tidak bisa diabaikan lagi. Mekanisme global dalam menyediakan insentif ekonomi untuk mempertahankan dan memperbaiki karbon tersimpan saat ini sedang dibentuk. Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC) mengatur Mekanisme Pembangunan Bersih (CDM) yang meliputi aturan-aturan yang spesifik, kegiatan aforestasi dan deforestasi. Saat ini sedang dibicarakan mengenai pendekatan serupa untuk mengurangi emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi di negara berkembang (REDD). Mekanisme pasar sukarela, bukan bagian dari komitmen pengurangan emisi yang dijanjikan negara anggota UNFCCC, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan beragam kombinasi dari perbaikan dan perlindungan terhadap penutupan tajuk pohon dan karbon tersimpan di tingkat lanskap. Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M. 2009. Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): Penilaian Cepat Cadangan Karbon-Cara cepat dan terpadu untuk menilai cadangan karbon pada lanskap. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6, ALLREDDI 2122 LE 129 LE0129-09 Meine van Noordwijk 2009 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia REDD merupakan kependekan dari Reducing Emision from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries yang dalam Bahasa Indonesia diartikan sebagai ?Mengurangi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan di Negara Berkembang?. Meskipun REDD telah banyak dibicarakan dalam skala global, namun sampai saat ini secara rinci bagaimana hal tersebut dapat dilakukan masih diteliti. FERVA merupakan metode yang dirancang untuk membantu proses ini. Southeast Asia Indonesian Value chains REDD yang Adil dan Efisien. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. ]]> GRP 5, GRP 6 2121 BK 136 BK0136-09 Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Pengelolaan Bentang Lahan Berbasis Sumber Daya Alam. Buku 1: Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Penginderaan Jauh Menggunakan ILWIS Open Source Andree Ekadinata, Sonya Dewi, Danan Prasetyo Hadi, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Feri Johana 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 1 130 978-979-3198-42-2 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Ekadinata A, Dewi S, Hadi DP, Adi DK and Johana F. 2008. Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Pengelolaan Bentang Lahan Berbasis Sumber Daya Alam. Buku 1: Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Penginderaan Jauh Menggunakan ILWIS Open Source. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 130 p. GRP 5 2120 WP 117 WP0117-09 Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in Indonesia: options and challenges for fair and efficient payment distribution mechanisms Meine van Noordwijk, Herry Purnomo, Leo Peskett and Bambang Setiono 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 81 29 The objective of REDD payment distribution mechanisms is to support policies and measures that reduce deforestation and degradation through transfer of revenues from international REDD funds or carbon markets to (or within) national levels. This may provide benefits of three types: a) shared responsibility for reducing a major driver of global climate change, b) financial payments and co-investment that exceed the economic opportunities foregone from decisions to maintain carbon stocks, and c) co-benefits through the other environmental service functions that well-maintained forests can provide. Given its track record of high emissions from land use and land use change of an estimated 2.5 Gt CO2e year-1, Indonesia provides a huge opportunity as well as serious challenge to reduce emissions. We report here on a series of stakeholder consultations and focus group discussions to identify options and challenges. To ensure demonstrable results on emission reduction, REDD mechanisms must be effective in targeting the wide range of agents involved in deforestation and degradation, learning lessons from past and ongoing conservation efforts that have apparently failed. They must reward good performance and incentivize improved performance compared to reference scenarios, and adequately compensate agents that suffer losses from changed practices. International payments are likely to be performance based, both in terms of emission reduction at national scale and the environmental and social impacts of the system, meaning that accountability, transparency, risk management, adequate benefits transfer and administration mechanisms will be essential for attracting investment. Indonesia will be effectively competing for attention and REDD funds with other countries with currently high emissions and/or large forest areas. A strong international ?bargaining position? requires that internal conflicts and strategic positioning be overcome. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, forest definition, Indonesia, policy reform, REDD, scale relations Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Purnomo H, Peskett L and Setiono B. 2008. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in Indonesia: options and challenges for fair and efficient payment distribution mechanisms. Working Paper no 81Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 29 p. GRP 5 2119 BK 135 BK0135-09 Lahan Gambut: Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan Fahmuddin Agus and IGM. Subiksa 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia 36 978-602-8039-10-9 peatland, CO2 emissions, subsidence, subsidence, physical properties, chemical properties, conservation Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Agus F and IGM. Subiksa . 2008. Lahan Gambut: Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. 36 p. GRP 4 2118 PO 189 PO0189-09 Insect pests in cacao based systems in Pidie and Pidie Jaya Districts Ameliawati, Saida Rasnovi, A. Rusdy and James M Roshetko 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Banda Aceh, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Ameliawati, Rasnovi S, Rusdy A and Roshetko JM. Insect pests in cacao based systems in Pidie and Pidie Jaya Districts. : Banda Aceh, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 1, GRP 2 2116 PO 188 PO0188-09 Potency of Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) in the coastal zone of Aceh Barat District Y. Yuliana, Herawati, Aminah, Saida Rasnovi, Zumaidar, W. Dharma, James M Roshetko and Ery Nugraha 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Banda Aceh, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Nypa fruticans<\i> Wurmb.) in the coastal zone of Aceh Barat District. : Banda Aceh, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. ]]> GRP 1, GRP 2 2115 PP 265 PP0265-09 Aceh Tree Nurseries and Network: Shif from Speculation to Permanent Growing Jusupta Tarigan, James M Roshetko, Teuku Zulfadhli, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi and Nazar Idris 2008 International Symposium on Land Use After the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Banda Aceh, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Tarigan J, Roshetko JM, Zulfadhli T, Purnomosidhi P and Idris N. 2008. Aceh Tree Nurseries and Network: Shif from Speculation to Permanent Growing. International Symposium on Land Use After the Tsunami. Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3 2114 MP 4 MP0004-09 ICRAF Pin 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia 2008. ICRAF Pin. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2113 MP 3 MP0003-09 ICRAF Bag 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia 2008. ICRAF Bag. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2112 MP 2 MP0002-09 ICRAF Mug 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia 2008. ICRAF Mug. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2111 LE 128 LE0128-09 Panduan praktis budidaya kakao ( Theobroma cacao ) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Theobroma cacao ). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. ]]> GRP 2, GRP 3 2110 LE 127 LE0127-09 Panduan praktis budidaya tanaman karet ( Hevea brasilliensis ) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Hevea brasilliensis <\i>). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. ]]> GRP 2, GRP 3 2109 LE 126 LE0126-09 Budidaya tanaman rambutan ( Nephelium lappaceum ) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Nephelium lappaceum <\i>). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. ]]> GRP 2, GRP 3 2108 LE 125 LE0125-09 Budidaya tanaman sawo ( Manilkara zapota L) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Manilkara zapota L<\i>). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. ]]> GRP 2, GRP 3 2107 LE 124 LE0124-09 Budidaya tanaman mangga ( Mangifera indica ) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Mangifera indica ). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, South East Asia. ]]> GRP 2, GRP 3 2106 JA 328 JA0328-09 Biodiversity and Human Livelihood Crises in the Malay Archipelago Navjot S. Sodhi, Thomas M. Brooks, Lian Pin Koh, Greg Acciaioli, Maribeth Erb, Alan Khee-Jin Tan, Lisa M. Curran, Peter Brosius, Tien Ming Lee, Jason M. Patlis, Melvin Gumal and Robert J. Lee 2006 Conservation Biology Society for Conservation Biology 20 6 1811–1813 Philippines English Sodhi NS, Brooks TM, Koh LP, Acciaioli G, Erb M, Tan AK, Curran LM, Brosius P, Lee TM, Patlis JM, Gumal M and Lee RJ. 2006. Biodiversity and Human Livelihood Crises in the Malay Archipelago. Conservation Biology. 20(6):P. 1811–1813. 2105 JA 327 JA0327-09 On Purpose in Conservation Thomas M. Brooks, Russell A. Mittermeier, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, J.Gerlach, M.Hoffmann, J.F.Lamoreux, C.G.Mittermeier, J.D.Pilgrim and Ana S. L. Rodrigues 2006 Science 314 53–54 Philippines English Brooks TM, Mittermeier RA, da Fonseca GA, Gerlach J, Hoffmann M, Lamoreux J, Mittermeier C, Pilgrim J and Rodrigues AS. 2006. On Purpose in Conservation. Science. 314: P. 53–54. 2103 JA 325 JA0325-09 Asian conservation priority Thomas M. Brooks 2006 Elsevier Ltd 21 9 486-487 Philippines English 2102 JA 324 JA0324-09 Global Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Will.R. Turner, Katrina Brandon, Thomas M. Brooks, Robert Costanza, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca and Rosimeiry Portela 2007 BioScience American Institute of Biological Sciences 57 10 868-873 Habitat destruction has driven much of the current biodiversity extinction crisis, and it compromises the essential benefits, or ecosystem services, that humans derive from functioning ecosystems. Securing both species and ecosystem services might be accomplished with common solutions. Yet it is unknown whether these two major conservation objectives coincide broadly enough worldwide to enable global strategies for both goals to gain synergy. In this article, we assess the concordance between these two objectives, explore how the concordance varies across different regions, and examine the global potential for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services simultaneously. We find that published global priority maps for biodiversity conservation harbor a disproportionate share of estimated terrestrial ecosystem service value (ESV). Overlap of biodiversity priorities and ESV varies among regions, and in areas that have high biodiversity priority but low ESV, specialized conservation approaches are necessary. Overall, however, our findings suggest opportunities for safeguarding both biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sensitivity analyses indicate that results are robust to known limitations of available ESV data. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require the identification of synergies at fine scales, and the development of economic and policy tools to exploit them. ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation priorities, natural capital Philippines English 0 Turner W., Brandon K, Brooks TM, Costanza R, da Fonseca GA and Portela R. 2007. Global Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. BioScience. 57(10):P. 868-873. 2101 JA 323 JA0323-09 Shortcuts for Biodiversity Conservation Planning: The Effectiveness of Surrogates Ana S. L. Rodrigues and Thomas M. Brooks 2007 Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 38 713-737 Biodiversity is not completely known anywhere, so conservation planning is always based on surrogates for which data are available and, hence, assumed effective for the conservation of unknown biodiversity. We review the literature on the effectiveness of surrogates for conservation planning based on complementary representation. We apply a standardized approach based on a Species Accumulation Index of surrogate effectiveness to compare results from 575 tests in 27 studies. Overall, we find positive, but relatively weak, surrogacy power. Cross-taxon surrogates are substantially more effective than surrogates based on environmental data. Within cross-taxon tests, surrogacy was higher for tests within the same realm (terrestrial, marine, freshwater). Surrogacy was higher when extrapolated (rather than field) data were used. Our results suggest that practical conservation planning based on data for well-known taxonomic groups can cautiously proceed under the assumption that it captures species in less well-known taxa, at least within the same realm. Philippines English Rodrigues AS and Brooks TM. 2007. Shortcuts for Biodiversity Conservation Planning: The Effectiveness of Surrogates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 38: P. 713-737. 2100 BK 134 BK0134-09 Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems Penny F. Langhammer, Mohamed I. Bakarr, Leon A. Bennun, Thomas M. Brooks, Rob P. Clay, Will Darwall, Naamal De Silva, Graham J. Edgar, Güven Eken, Lincoln D.C. Fishpool, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Matthew N. Foster, David H. Knox, Paul Matiku, Elizabet... 2007 IUCN Gland, Switzerland 116 978-2-8317-0992-5 Philippines English 0 Langhammer PF, Bakarr MI, Bennun LA, Brooks TM, Clay RP, Darwall W, De Silva N, Edgar GJ, Eken G, Fishpool LD, da Fonseca GA, Foster MN, Knox DH, Matiku P, Radford EA, Rodrigues AS, Salaman P, Sechrest W and Tordoff AW. 2007. Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. Gland, Switzerland. : IUCN. 116 p. 2099 JA 322 JA0322-09 The Status of the World?s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge Jan Schipper, Janice S. Chanson, Federica Chiozza, Neil A. Cox, Michael Hoffmann, Vineet Katariya, John Lamoreux, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Simon N. Stuart, Helen J. Temple, Jonathan Baillie, Luigi Boitani, Thomas E. Lacher Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier, And... 2008 Science the American Association for the Advancement of Science 322 225–230 Philippines English Schipper J, Chanson JS, Chiozza F, Cox NA, Hoffmann M, Katariya V, Lamoreux J, Rodrigues AS, Stuart SN, Temple HJ, Baillie J, Boitani L, Lacher Jr. TE, Mittermeier RA, Smith AT, Absolon D, Aguiar JM, Amori G, Bakkour N, Baldi R, Berridge RJ, Bielby J, Black PA, Blanc JJ, Brooks TM, Burton JA, Butynski TM, Catullo G, Chapman R, Cokeliss Z, Collen B, Conroy J, Cooke JG, da Fonseca GA, Derocher AE, Dublin HT, Duckworth JW, Emmons L, Emslie RH, Festa-Bianchet M, Foster M, Foster S, Garshelis DL, Gates C, Gimenez-Dixon M, Gonzalez S, Gonzalez-Maya JF, Good TC, Hammerson G, Hammond PS, Happold D, Happold M, Hare J, Harris RB, Hawkins CE, Haywood M, Heaney LR, Hedges S, Helgen KM, Hilton-Taylor C, Hussain SA, Ishii N, Jefferson TA, Jenkins RK, Johnston CH, Keith M, Kingdon J, Knox DH, Kovacs KM, Langhammer P, Leus K, Lewison R, Lichtenstein G, Lowry LF, Macavoy Z, Mace GM, Mallon DP, Masi M, McKnight MW, Medellín RA, Medici P, Mills G, Moehlman PD, Molur S, Mora A, Nowell K, Oates JF, Olech W, Oliver WR, Oprea M, Patterson BD, Perrin WF, Polidoro BA, Pollock C, Powel A, Protas Y, Racey P, Ragle J, Ramani P, Rathbun G, Reeves RR, Reilly SB, Reynolds III JE, Rondinini C, Rosell-Ambal RG, Rulli M, Rylands AB, Savini S, Schank CJ, Sechrest W, Self-Sullivan C, Shoemaker A, Sillero-Zubiri C, De Silva N, Smith DE, Srinivasulu C, Stephenson PJ, van Strien N, Talukdar BK, Taylor BL, Timmins R, Tirira DG, Tognelli MF, Tsytsulina K, Veiga LM, Vié J, Williamson EA, Wyatt SA, Xie Y and Young BE. 2008. The Status of the World’s Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge. Science. 322: P. 225–230. GRP 5, GRP 6 2098 JA 321 JA0321-09 Hope for Threatened Tropical Biodiversity: Lessons from the Philippines Mary Rose C. Posa, Arvin C. Diesmos, Navjot S. Sodhi and Thomas M. Brooks 2008 BioScience American Institute of Biological Sciences 58 3 231–240 The Philippines is a megabiodiversity country, but it is also often seen as a country of ecological ruin whose biodiversity is on the verge of collapse. Decades of environmental neglect have pushed ecosystems to their limit, often with deadly repercussions for the human population. Is conservation in the Philippines a lost cause?We review current conservation efforts in the Philippines, considering the actions of academics, field researchers, local communities, nongovernmental organizations, the government, and other sectors of society. Remarkably, however precarious the present situation may seem, there have been some recent positive gains and signs of hope. Although there is no room for complacency, we conclude that the diversity of available indicators suggests that conservation in the Philippines, against many odds, shows signs of success, and thus deserves greater attention and increased investment. conservation, indicators, biodiversity, Philippines, Southeast Asia Philippines English 0 Posa MR, Diesmos AC, Sodhi NS and Brooks TM. 2008. Hope for Threatened Tropical Biodiversity: Lessons from the Philippines. BioScience. 58(3):P. 231–240. GRP 2 2097 JA 320 JA0320-09 Conservation planning and the IUCN Red List M.Hoffmann, Thomas M. Brooks, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, C. Gascon, A. F. A. Hawkins, R. E. James, P. Langhammer, R.A. Mittermeier, J.D.Pilgrim, A. S. L. Rodrigues and J. M. C. Silva 2008 Endangered Species Research Inter-Research 6 113–125 Systematic conservation planning aims to identify comprehensive protected area networks that together will minimize biodiversity loss. Importantly, conservation planners seek to determine where to allocate limited resources first, particularly given the uneven spread of, and threats to, biodiversity. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species incorporates data not only on threats to species, but also on species distributions and ecological requirements. These temporal and spatial attributes, when combined with other datasets, have proven useful for determining the most urgent priority areas for conserving biodiversity, from the global level down to the scale of individual sites. Although many challenges remain, the increasing reliability and comprehensiveness of the IUCN Red List suggests that its role as a source of biodiversity data in systematic conservation planning is certain to expand dramatically. IUCN Red List · Conservation planning · Threatened species · Biodiversity conservation · Protected areas Philippines English Hoffmann M, Brooks TM, da Fonseca GA, Gascon C, Hawkins AF, James RE, Langhammer P, Mittermeier R, Pilgrim J, Rodrigues AS and Silva JM. 2008. Conservation planning and the IUCN Red List. Endangered Species Research. 6: P. 113–125. GRP 1 2096 JA 319 JA0319-09 The science of bird conservation Thomas M. Brooks, N. J. Collar, R. E. Green, S. J. Marsden and D. J. Pain 2008 Bird Conservation International BirdLife International 2008 18 S2–S12 Philippines English Brooks TM, Collar NJ, Green RE, Marsden SJ and Pain DJ. 2008. The science of bird conservation. Bird Conservation International. 2008(18):P. S2–S12. GRP 1 2095 JA 318 JA0318-09 Spatial scale and the conservation of threatened species Charlotte Boyd, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Graham J. Edgar, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Frank Hawkins, Michael Hoffmann, Wes Sechrest, Simon N. Stuart and Peter Paul van Dijk 2008 Conservation Letters Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 1 2008 37–43 Scale; conservation planning; threatened species; area-demanding species; ecological processes; IUCN Red List. Philippines English Boyd C, Brooks TM, Butchart SH, Edgar GJ, da Fonseca GA, Hawkins F, Hoffmann M, Sechrest W, Stuart SN and van Dijk PP. 2008. Spatial scale and the conservation of threatened species. Conservation Letters. 1(2008):P. 37–43. GRP 1 2094 JA 317 JA0317-09 Cost-effective global conservation spending is robust to taxonomic group M. Bode, K.A. Wilson, T.M. Brooks, R.A. Mittermeier, W.R. Turner, M.F. McBride, E.C. Underwood and H.P. Possingham 2008 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 105 6498–6501 Philippines English Bode M, Wilson K, Brooks T, Mittermeier R, Turner W, McBride M, Underwood E and Possingham H. 2008. Cost-effective global conservation spending is robust to taxonomic group. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 105: P. 6498–6501. GRP 1 2093 JA 316 JA0316-09 Warfare in biodiversity hotspots T Hanson, T.M. Brooks, G.A.B.de Fonseca, M.Hoffmann, J.F.Lamoreux, G Machlis, C.G.Mittermeier, R.A. Mittermeier and J.D.Pilgrim 2009 Conservation Biology Society for Conservation Biology 23 3 578-587 Conservation efforts are only as sustainable as the social and political context within which they take place. The weakening or collapse of sociopolitical frameworks during wartime can lead to habitat destruction and the erosion of conservation policies, but in some cases, may also confer ecological benefits through altered settlement patterns and reduced resource exploitation. Over 90% of the major armed conflicts between 1950 and 2000 occurred within countries containing biodiversity hotspots, and more than 80% took place directly within hotspot areas. Less than one-third of the 34 recognized hotspots escaped significant conflict during this period, and most suffered repeated episodes of violence. This pattern was remarkably consistent over these 5 decades. Evidence from the war-torn Eastern Afromontane hotspot suggests that biodiversity conservation is improved when international nongovernmental organizations support local protected area staff and remain engaged throughout the conflict.With biodiversity hotspots concentrated in politically volatile regions, the conservation community must maintain continuous involvement during periods of war, and biodiversity conservation should be incorporated into military, reconstruction, and humanitarian programs in the world?s conflict zones. biodiversity conservation, biodiversity hotspots, conflict, protected areas, war, warfare ecology Philippines English Hanson T, Brooks T, de Fonseca G, Hoffmann M, Lamoreux J, Machlis G, Mittermeier C, Mittermeier R and Pilgrim J. 2009. Warfare in biodiversity hotspots. Conservation Biology. : P. . GRP 6 2092 WP 116 WP0116-09 Cooperation in Agroforestry between Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia and International Center for Research in Agroforestry Fahmuddin Agus, Taulana Sukandi, Christine Wulandari and Apul Sianturi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 77 63 Mutual benefits between a host country and an international organization can be enhanced if both parties are mutually abreast about each other mandates, rights and responsibilities and targets and achievements. This monitoring was aimed at (i) enlightening the status, mandate and strategic research priorities of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Research Programme and those of the Forestry Research and Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (FORDA) and (ii) revealing ICRAF?s achievement of the targeted collaborative outputs as stipulated in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the two parties ratified on 5 October 2006. This monitoring was conducted through field observation of selected ICRAF research and development activities, literature search of strategic plans, and consultative meeting with key officials and researchers of the two organizations. Existing differences and similarities in the visions and mission of the two organizations form the basis for complementarity in research and development agendas. The monitoring exercise concluded that ICRAF is on target in its action research on community forest (Hutan Kemasyarakatan, HKM) in Sumberjaya, nursery support and tree planting techniques, economic and environmental analyses of agroforestry, payment for environmental services, analysis of coastal area protection as well as in developing networks in agroforestry education. There are opportunities of further exploration of new collaborative research, especially on hydrological impacts of the National Movement of Forest and Land Rehabilitation (GERHAN) and on climate change mitigation and adaptation. Finally, communication needs improvement. ICRAF has developed and disseminated guidelines on tree crop propagation and rapid techniques for carbon stock, biodiversity, tree marketing, hydrology and land tenure appraisal. However the collaboration has not been successful in increasing the proportion of FORDA researchers who pursue their PhD studies abroad. Commitment and determination of the candidates and strong supports from FORDA and ICRAF are crucial for achieving such a competitive target. Other cooperation targets such as replicating live examples of the HKM success story will require more direct involvement of FORDA, and other related directorate generals. Action research, tree crop propagation, payment for environmental services, capacity building, communication. Southeast Asia English Agus F, Sukandi T, Wulandari C and Sianturi A. 2008. Cooperation in Agroforestry between Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia and International Center for Research in Agroforestry. Working Paper no 77Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 63 p. GRP 6 2091 BC 295 BC0295-09 Measuring intensity of land use in tropical forest-agriculture mosaics with the I(LUI) index Meine van Noordwijk and Suseno Budidarsono 2008 Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia SIRD Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 22 175-197 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Budidarsono S. 2008. Measuring intensity of land use in tropical forest-agriculture mosaics with the I(LUI) index. Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. : SIRD. P. 175-197. GRP 5 2090 BC 294 BC0294-09 Land transformation and its consequences Daniel Murdiyarso, Rodel D. Lasco, Douglas Sheil, Upik Rosalina Wasrin, Meine van Noordwijk and Erik Meijaard 2008 Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia SIRD Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 11 135-146 Southeast Asia English 0 Murdiyarso D, Lasco RD, Sheil D, Wasrin UR, van Noordwijk M and Meijaard E. 2008. Land transformation and its consequences. Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. : SIRD. P. 135-146. GRP 5 2089 BC 293 BC0293-09 The implications of urbanization for atmospheric emissions at multiple levels Louis Lebel, Agus Sari, Rodel D. Lasco, Giok Ling Ooi, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Antonio Contreras and A.P. Mitra 2008 Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia SIRD Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 23 112-135 Philippines English Lebel L, Sari A, Lasco RD, Ooi GL, Tri NH, Contreras A and Mitra A. 2008. The implications of urbanization for atmospheric emissions at multiple levels. Critical States: Environmental Challenges to Development in Monsoon Southeast Asia. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. : SIRD. P. 112-135. GRP 5 2088 PO 187 PO0187-09 Reforestation framework species in China Horst Weyerhaeuser, He Jun, Wu Xunfeng and Li Chanliang World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Kunming, China China English Weyerhaeuser H, Jun H, Xunfeng W and Chanliang L. Reforestation framework species in China. : Kunming, China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2087 PO 186 PO0186-09 Agroforestry as alternative sloping land conversion in Yunnan, P.R. China He Jun, Horst Weyerhaeuser, Zhou Zimei and Yang Yanping World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China Kunming, China China English Jun H, Weyerhaeuser H, Zimei Z and Yanping Y. Agroforestry as alternative sloping land conversion in Yunnan, P.R. China. : Kunming, China. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) China. 2086 BK 133 BK0133-09 Transforming Lives and Landscapes: Strategy 2008-2015 World Agroforestry Centre 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 17 Head Quarters English World Agroforestry Centre. 2008. Transforming Lives and Landscapes: Strategy 2008-2015. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 17 p. GRP 1, GRP2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2085 RP 245 RP0245-09 Annual Report 2007-2008: Agroforestry for food security and healthy ecosystems World Agroforestry Centre 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya 68 Head Quarters English 0 World Agroforestry Centre. Annual Report 2007-2008: Agroforestry for food security and healthy ecosystems. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 2008. 68 p. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2083 JA 315 JA0315-09 Forest?flood relation still tenuous ? comment on ?Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world? Albert I.J.M. van Dijk, Meine van Noordwijk, Ian R. Calder, Sampurno L . A . Bruijnzeel, Jaap Schellekens and Nick A. Chappell 2008 Global Change Biology CSIRO 2009 15 110–115 In a recent paper in this journal, Bradshaw and colleagues analyse country statistics on flood characteristics, land cover and land cover change, and conclude that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world. The study addresses an important and long-standing question, but we identify important flaws. Principal among these are difficulties in interpreting country statistics and the correlation between population and floods. We review current knowledge, which suggests that the removal of trees does not affect large flood events, although associated landscape changes can under some circumstances. Reanalysis of the data analysed by Bradshaw and colleagues shows that population density alone already explains up to 83% of the variation in reported flood occurrences, considerably more than forest cover or deforestation (o10%). Feasible explanations for this statistical finding ? whether spurious or causative ? are not difficult to conceive. We, therefore, consider the conclusion of Bradshaw and colleagues to be unsupported. However, their study is a valuable first step to show how these or similar flood data might be used to further explore the relationship between land cover and flooding. conservation, damage, flooding events, forest loss, generalized linear mixed-effects models, generalized linear models, human displacement, projected costs, rainfall Southeast Asia English 0 van Dijk AI, van Noordwijk M, Calder IR, Bruijnzeel SL, Schellekens J and Chappell NA. 2008. Forest–flood relation still tenuous – comment on ‘Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world’. Global Change Biology. 2009(15):P. 110–115. GRP 5 2081 BC 292 BC0292-08 Sampling Strategy and Design to Evaluate Below-ground Biodiversity E.J. Huising, Richard Coe, J.E. Cares, J.N. Louzada, R. Zanetti, F.M.S. Moreira, FX Susilo, S. Konate, Meine van Noordwijk and S.P. Huang F.M.S. Moreira, E.J. Huising and David E. Bignell 2008 A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology: Sampling and Characterization of Below-ground Biodiversity Earthscan London (UK) 17-42 Southeast Asia English Huising E, Coe R, Cares J, Louzada J, Zanetti R, Moreira F, Susilo FX, Konate S, van Noordwijk M and Huang S. 2008. Sampling Strategy and Design to Evaluate Below-ground Biodiversity. In: Moreira F, Huising E and Bignell DE,eds. A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology: Sampling and Characterization of Below-ground Biodiversity. Earthscan, London (UK). : Earthscan. P. 17-42. GRP 4 2080 TD 154 TD0154-08 Mycorrhizae on dipterocarps in rubber agroforests (RAF) in Sumatra Made Hesti Lestari Tata 2008 Utrecht, Netherlands 125 Southeast Asia English Tata MH. 2008. Mycorrhizae on dipterocarps in rubber agroforests (RAF) in Sumatra. Utrecht, Netherlands. : 125 p. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 5, GRP 6 2079 BC 291 BC0291-08 The Reforestation Value Chain for the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco Rodel D. Lasco and Denyse J. Snelder 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA 193-205 Philippines English Lasco RD. 2008. The Reforestation Value Chain for the Philippines. In: Lasco RD and Snelder DJ,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 193-205. GRP 6 2078 OP 1 OP0001-08 Swiddens in transition: shifted perceptions on shifting cultivators in Indonesia Meine van Noordwijk, Elok Mulyoutami, Niken Sakuntaladewi and Fahmuddin Agus 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Occasional Paper no. 9 Occasional Paper no. 9 48 48 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Mulyoutami E, Sakuntaladewi N and Agus F. 2008. Swiddens in transition: shifted perceptions on shifting cultivators in Indonesia. Occasional Paper no. 9. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 48 p. GRP 5, GRP 6 2077 WP 115 WP0115-08 Dynamics of Landcare Groups in Lantapan Delia Catacutan, Rob Cramb and Zorina Culasero-Arellano 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Working Paper Number 7 15 Landcare commenced in Lantapan Municipality in the southern Philippines in 1998. Within two years there were 62 groups linked in a municipal association. These groups successfully shared conservation practices and worked together in establishing contoured farms and agroforestry nurseries. However, many groups became inactive once the initial adoption of conservation farming had occurred. A participatory evaluation undertaken five years after the commencement of Landcare included case studies of 12 groups, ranging from those that were continuing to develop to those that had disbanded. Groups in the former category tended to be in stable, cohesive communities, had an effective local leader, and were highly focused on own-account farming. They were also in regular contact with Landcare facilitators and continued to benefit from the wider Landcare Program. Disbanded groups were often hampered by poor leadership, factionalism, lack of follow-up, and a loss of interest once conservation practices had been implemented. Members of some disbanded groups were affected by dependence on banana plantations or vegetable traders, or lacked secure tenure. Both continuing and disbanded groups expressed a need for on-going links with the Landcare Program. The lessons are that Landcare activities need to be adapted to changing livelihood strategies and that continued investment in bridging social capital is key to sustaining Landcare in the Philippines context. Philippines English Catacutan D, Cramb R and Culasero-Arellano Z. 2008. Dynamics of Landcare Groups in Lantapan. Working Paper Number 7: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 15 p. GRP 4 2076 BC 290 BC0290-08 Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Philippine Watersheds: The Case of Manupali Watershed in the Southern Philippines Delia Catacutan and Caroline E.Duque 2008 Forthcoming in Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque CE. 2008. Challenges and Opportunities in Managing Philippine Watersheds: The Case of Manupali Watershed in the Southern Philippines. Forthcoming in Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI). : SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines). P. . GRP 4 2075 LE 123 LE0123-08 Local Government Initiatives to Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study oif Albay, Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino and Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines Policy Brief Philippines English Lasco RD, Delfino RJ and Jaranilla-Sanchez PA. 2008. Local Government Initiatives to Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study oif Albay, Philippines. [Leaflet].Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5 2074 LE 122 LE0122-08 The policy environment of vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) system in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders? Delia Catacutan and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) Los Baños, Laguna Policy Brief. First Quarter 2008, Issue 1 Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque-Piñon C. 2008. The policy environment of vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) system in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders?. [Leaflet].Los Baños, Laguna. : SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines). GRP 2, GRP 3 2073 PO 185 PO0185-08 Climate change adaptation and natural resources management ? seeing two sides of the same coin: the Albay, Philippines experience Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino and Florencia B Pulhin 2008 Philippines English Lasco RD, Delfino RJ and Pulhin FB. Climate change adaptation and natural resources management – seeing two sides of the same coin: the Albay, Philippines experience. : : 2008. GRP 5 2072 PO 184 PO0184-08 Understanding Vegetable-Tree Interaction is a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming Enterprise Agustin Mercado Jr, Caroline Duque-Piñon, M Reyes, M Palada, F Faustino and L Engle 2008 Los Baños, Philippines Presented at the SANREM CRSP Annual Meeting, Los Baños, Philippines, 26-29 May 2008 Philippines English Mercado Jr A, Duque-Piñon C, Reyes M, Palada M, Faustino F and Engle L. Understanding Vegetable-Tree Interaction is a Key to Successful Vegetable Farming Enterprise. : Los Baños, Philippines. : 2008. GRP 2 2071 LE 121 LE0121-08 Pagpalambu sa Pagpananum sa mga Utanon Pinaagi sa Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) Agustin Mercado Jr and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 SANREM, ICRAF, AVRDC, ACIAR and LFPI Claveria, Misamis Oriental Visayan version Philippines English Mercado Jr A and Duque-Piñon C. 2008. Pagpalambu sa Pagpananum sa mga Utanon Pinaagi sa Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF). [Leaflet].Claveria, Misamis Oriental. : SANREM, ICRAF, AVRDC, ACIAR and LFPI. GRP 2, GRP 4 2070 LE 120 LE0120-08 Improving Vegetable Production through Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System Agustin Mercado Jr and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 SANREM, ICRAF, AVRDC, ACIAR and LFPI Claveria, Misamis Oriental Philippines English Mercado Jr A and Duque-Piñon C. 2008. Improving Vegetable Production through Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System. [Leaflet].Claveria, Misamis Oriental. : SANREM, ICRAF, AVRDC, ACIAR and LFPI. GRP 2, GRP 4 2069 BC 289 BC0289-08 Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: Potential Impacts and Adaptation Strategies Florencia B Pulhin and Rodel D. Lasco A Balisacan, L. P. Arboleda and M. V. Ticsay 2008 Climate Change and Biodiversity in Southeast Asia Philippines IN PRESS English Pulhin FB and Lasco RD. 2008. Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: Potential Impacts and Adaptation Strategies. In: Balisacan A, Arboleda LP and Ticsay MV,eds. Climate Change and Biodiversity in Southeast Asia. : P. . GRP 5 2068 BC 288 BC0288-08 Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: A Decade of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystem Rodel D. Lasco, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, Grace B.Villamor, Karl L. Villegas and Florencia B Pulhin 2008 ASEAN Biodiversity Philippines 6 2 16-24 Philippines English Lasco RD, Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Villamor GB, Villegas KL and Pulhin FB. 2008. Climate Change and Biodiversity in the Philippines: A Decade of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystem. ASEAN Biodiversity. 2. Philippines. : P. 16-24. GRP 5 2067 BK 132 BK0132-08 Landcare: Local Action ? Global Progress Delia Catacutan, C Neely, M Johnson, H Poussard and R Youl 2009 World Agroforestry Centre, Landcare International, Australian Landcare International Nairobi, Kenya 148 978-92-9059-245-7 Philippines IN PRESS English Catacutan D, Neely C, Johnson M, Poussard H and Youl R. 2008. Landcare: Local Action – Global Progress. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre, Landcare International, Australian Landcare International. GRP 4, GRP 6 2066 LE 119 LE0119-08 TroFCCA ? Forests and Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines Policy Brief Philippines English Jaranilla-Sanchez PA. 2008. TroFCCA – Forests and Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines. [Leaflet].Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5 2065 LE 118 LE0118-08 Vegetable agroforestry in the Philippines: The policy environment and incentives for small landowners Delia Catacutan and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 SANREM CRSP Virginia Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque-Piñon C. 2008. Vegetable agroforestry in the Philippines: The policy environment and incentives for small landowners. [Leaflet].Virginia. : SANREM CRSP. GRP 2, GRP 6 2064 JA 312 JA0312-08 Acacia mangium as an intercrop in mixed tree-based contour hedgerow systems on sloping acid upland soils Agustin Mercado Jr, Meine van Noordwijk, T Hilder and Georg Cadisch 2008 Agroforestry Systems Journal Philippines IN PRESS English Mercado Jr A, van Noordwijk M, Hilder T and Cadisch G. 2008. Acacia mangium as an intercrop in mixed tree-based contour hedgerow systems on sloping acid upland soils. Agroforestry Systems Journal. : P. . GRP 2 2063 JA 311 JA0311-08 Tree Seedling Production Systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines Agustin Mercado Jr and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 Small-scale Forestry 7 225-243 DOI: 10.007/s1 1842-008-9052-4 Philippines English Mercado Jr A and Duque-Piñon C. 2008. Tree Seedling Production Systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Small-scale Forestry. 7: P. 225-243. GRP 3 2062 JA 310 JA0310-08 The policy environment of vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) system in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders? Delia Catacutan and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2009 International Journal for Ecology and Development (IJED) SANREM and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF-Philippines) 14 F09 47-62 Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque-Piñon C. 2009. The policy environment of vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) system in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders?. International Journal for Ecology and Development. 14(F09):P. . GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 6 2061 LE 117 LE0117-08 The opportunity costs of avoiding emissions from deforestation 2008 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya
Carbon emissions from land use changes could be reduced if farmers considered carbon values in their economic decision making.

International carbon finance is only one of several options for influencing incentives of people making land use decisions that emit and sequester carbon.

Urgent attention should be given to reducing emissions from the peatlands of Southeast Asia

This retrospective analysis of the actual opportunity costs of avoiding emissions from deforestation under-states the full costs that would be involved in implementing a REDD programme.]]> ASB Policy Brief no. 10 Southeast Asia English 2008. The opportunity costs of avoiding emissions from deforestation. [Leaflet]. Nairobi, Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5, GRP 6 2060 BC 287 BC0287-08 Can Smallholder Tree Farmers Help Revive the Timber Industry in Deforested Tropical Countries? A Case Study from Southern Philippines Manuel Bertomeu 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA 177-192 Southeast Asia English Bertomeu M. 2008. Can Smallholder Tree Farmers Help Revive the Timber Industry in Deforested Tropical Countries? A Case Study from Southern Philippines. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 177-192. GRP 2 2059 BC 286 BC0286-08 Agroforestation of Grasslands in Southeast Asia: WaNulCAS Model Scenarios for Shade-Based Imperata Control During Tree Establishment Meine van Noordwijk, Ni'matul Khasanah, Kurniatun Hairiah, Didik Suprayogo, Demi Macandog, Betha Lusiana, Georg Cadisch and Rodel D. Lasco Denyse J. Snelder 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA 139-162 Southeast Asia English Imperata Control During Tree Establishment. In: Snelder DJ,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 139-162.]]> GRP 2 2058 BK 131 BK0131-08 Pemasaran produk-produk agroforestry Leti Sundawati, Dodik R Nurrochmat, Luluk Setyaningsih, Herien Puspitawati and Soni Trison Leti Sundawati and Dodik R Nurrochmat 2008 Fakultas Kehutanan - IPB dan World Agroforestry Centre -Sea Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 140 978-979-9261-65-6 Agroforestry marketing, Agroforestry products Southeast Asia Indonesian Sundawati L, Nurrochmat DR, Setyaningsih L, Puspitawati H and Trison S. 2008. Pemasaran produk-produk agroforestry. Bogor, Indonesia. : Fakultas Kehutanan - IPB dan World Agroforestry Centre -Sea Regional Office. 140 p. GRP 3 2057 LE 116 LE0116-08 Reducing emissions from landscape-wide land use change in developing countries Louis V. Verchot, Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Verchot LV, Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Reducing emissions from landscape-wide land use change in developing countries. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 2056 JA 309 JA0309-08 Pruning Strategies for Reducing Crop Suppression and Producing High Quality Timber in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems Manuel Bertomeu and James M Roshetko 2008 Small-scale Forestry Southeast Asia English Bertomeu M and Roshetko JM. 2008. Pruning Strategies for Reducing Crop Suppression and Producing High Quality Timber in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems. Small-scale Forestry. : P. . GRP 1, GRP 3 2055 BC 285 BC0285-08 Environmental Services from a Smallholder-Protected Forest Ecosystem in Midwestern Leyte Province, Philippines Arturo E Pasa, Teodoro E Villanueva, Myrna G Carandang, Wilfredo M Carandang and Juan M. Pulhin Meenu Bhatnagar 2008 Payment for Environmental Services: Some Concepts and Experiences Icfai Books Hyderabad, India 184-213 Philippines English Pasa AE, Villanueva TE, Carandang MG, Carandang WM and Pulhin JM. 2008. Environmental Services from a Smallholder-Protected Forest Ecosystem in Midwestern Leyte Province, Philippines. In: Bhatnagar M,eds. Payment for Environmental Services: Some Concepts and Experiences. Hyderabad, India. : Icfai Books. P. 184-213. GRP 6 2054 LE 115 LE0115-08 Toward a strategy for Sustainable Trade and Management of Forest Products and Services in the COMESA Region Tony Cunningham, Laura German, Miti Chikakula, Fiona Paumgarten, Chris Barr, Krystof Obidzinski, Thomas Yatich, Meine van Noordwijk, Ruben de Koning, Herry Purnomo and Atie Puntodewo 2007 COMESA and CIFOR Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Cunningham T, German L, Chikakula M, Paumgarten F, Barr C, Obidzinski K, Yatich T, van Noordwijk M, Koning Rd, Purnomo H and Puntodewo A. 2007. Toward a strategy for Sustainable Trade and Management of Forest Products and Services in the COMESA Region. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : COMESA and CIFOR. 2053 WP 114 WP0114-08 China's Bioenergy Future Through the Lens of Yunnan Province Fredrich Kahrl, Yan Mei, Su Yufang, Timm Tennigkeit, Andreas Wilkes and David Roland-Holst 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Kunming, China ICRAF Working Paper No. 78 20 Few issues are as cross-cutting as biomass-based energy (?bioenergy?). Bioenergy involves rural livelihoods and development; indoor air quality and human health; conservation and commercial forestry; agricultural productivity; climate change mitigation and adaptation; and energy and timber security. As the world?s largest consumer of bioenergy, China is in a long transitional phase between ?traditional? and modern bioenergy use. Reducing the impacts of traditional bioenergy use, while setting the organizational, market, and technological grounds for modern bioenergy, is an important national policy priority. Globally, the direction of China?s bioenergy future could have significant implications for efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper examines China?s bioenergy future through the lens of Yunnan Province, a province in the country?s southwest region. The paper provides an overview of the status of bioenergy in China and Yunnan Province, highlights past successes, examines current challenges, and offers recommendations on future strategies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of bioenergy-related policy and programmatic interventions. China, Bioenergy, Biomass, Improved Stoves, Biogas, Biofuels, Climate Policy China English 0 Kahrl F, Mei Y, Yufang S, Tennigkeit T, Wilkes A and Roland-Holst D. 2008. China's Bioenergy Future. ICRAF Working Paper No. 78. Kunming, China. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 20 p. GRP 4 2052 NL 35 NL0035-08 Kiprah Agroforestri 2 Aunul Fauzi, Janudianto, Ratna Akiefnawati, Sonya Dewi, Iwan Kurniawan and Gamma Galudra 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 1 2 1-13 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Fauzi A, Janudianto , Akiefnawati R, Dewi S, Kurniawan I and Galudra G. 2008. Kiprah Agroforestri 2. In: Rahayu S and Fauzi A,eds. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 2051 BC 284 BC0284-08 Smallholder Tree Growing in South and Southeast Asia Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA Advances in Agroforestry Vol 5 3-33 Philippines English Snelder DJ and Lasco RD. 2008. Smallholder Tree Growing in South and Southeast Asia. In: Snelder DJ and Lasco RD,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 3-33. GRP 6 2050 BC 283 BC0283-08 From principles to numbers: approaches in implementing payments for environmental services in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Grace B.Villamor, F Pulhin, Delia Catacutan and Manuel Bertomeu Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA Advances in Agroforestry Vol 5 379-391 Philippines English Lasco RD, Villamor GB, Pulhin F, Catacutan D and Bertomeu M. 2008. From principles to numbers: approaches in implementing payments for environmental services in the Philippines. In: Snelder DJ and Lasco RD,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 379-391. GRP 6 2049 BK 130 BK0130-08 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA Advances in Agroforestry Vol 5 494 Philippines English 2008. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services: Lessons from Asia. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 494 p. GRP 6 2048 LE 114 LE0114-08 Philippines Policies in Response to a changing climate: A review of natural resource policies Rodel D. Lasco, Roberta Gerpacio, Patricia Ann Sanchez and Rafaela Jane Delfino 2008 Southeast Asia Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture SEARCA Los Banos, Laguna Philippines English Lasco RD, Gerpacio R, Sanchez PA and Delfino RJ. 2008. Philippines Policies in Response to a changing climate: A review of natural resource policies. [Leaflet].Los Banos, Laguna. : Southeast Asia Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture SEARCA. GRP 5 2047 JA 308 JA0308-08 Assessing the carbon budgets of large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla king) and Dipterocarp plantations in the Mt. Makiling forest reserve, Philippines Elenita L Racelis, Wilfredo M Carandang, Rodel D. Lasco, Diomedes A. Racelis, Arturo S.A. Castillo and Juan M. Pulhin 2008 Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11 40-55 Philippines English Swietenia macrophylla king) and Dipterocarp plantations in the Mt. Makiling forest reserve, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 11: P. 40-55.]]> GRP 5 2046 JA 307 JA0307-08 Carbon Stocks Assessment of Forest Land Uses in the Kaliwa Watershed, Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin and Rex O. Cruz 2008 Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11 1-14 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB and Cruz RO. 2008. Carbon Stocks Assessment of Forest Land Uses in the Kaliwa Watershed, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 11: P. 1-14. GRP 6 2045 BC 282 BC0282-08 Farmer Tree Planting Barriers to Sustainable Forest Management Meine van Noordwijk, James M Roshetko, Murniati, Marian delos Angeles, S. Suyanto, Chip C Fay and Thomas P Tomich Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA 429-452 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Roshetko JM, Murniati , Angeles Md, Suyanto S, Fay CC and Tomich TP. 2008. Farmer Tree Planting Barriers to Sustainable Forest Management. In: Snelder DJ and Lasco RD,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 429-452. GRP 3 2044 BC 281 BC0281-08 Future Challenge: A Paradigm Shift in the Forestry Sector James M Roshetko, Denyse J. Snelder, Rodel D. Lasco and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New York, USA 453-485 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM, Snelder DJ, Lasco RD and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Future Challenge: A Paradigm Shift in the Forestry Sector. In: Snelder DJ and Lasco RD,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New York, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 453-485. GRP 3 2043 BC 280 BC0280-08 Dudukuhan Tree Farming Systems in West Java: How to Mobilize Self-Strengthening of Community-Based Forest Management? Gerhard Manurung, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono and Iwan Kurniawan Denyse J. Snelder and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services Springer Science+Business Media B.V New Yosrk, USA 99-116 Southeast Asia English Gerhard Manurung G, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S and Kurniawan I. 2008. Dudukuhan Tree Farming Systems in West Java: How to Mobilize Self-Strengthening of Community-Based Forest Management?. In: Snelder DJ and Lasco RD,eds. Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. New Yosrk, USA. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 99-116. GRP 3 2042 NL 34 NL0032-08 The Indonesian Forestry Laws as Basis for a REDD Regime? Gamma Galudra, Meine van Noordwijk, Beria Leimona and Niken Sakuntaladewi 2008 RECOFTC 2008.06 1 Southeast Asia English Galudra G, van Noordwijk M, Leimona B and Sakuntaladewi N. 2008. The Indonesian Forestry Laws as Basis for a REDD Regime?. RECOFTC. GRP 5 2041 WP 113 WP0113-08 Review of methods for researching multistrata systems Richard Coe and Betha Lusiana 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya Working Paper No. 75 8 In the introduction to the special journal issue resulting from the First Symposium on Multistrata Agroforestry Systems (1999), Muschler and Beer (2001) point out that traditional approaches to studying multistrata systems with perennial crops tend to over simplify them. They identified new questions for research focusing on complexity and processes interacting at multiple scales, and conclude that ?Undoubtedly these new questions require innovative methods appropriate at different scales, including modelling approaches to cope with complexity at several scales simultaneously?. Have innovative methods been developed and proved useful? We review the literature from the 7 years since that symposium to identify and describe (a) trends in methods for researching multistrata systems (b) new research methods that have been successfully used (c) emerging methods challenges. Results suggest that there has been little innovation in research methods in this area in the last 7 years. Most of the questions being addressed are not specific to multistrata systems and use methods common in other agricultural research. There seems to be little research on complexity at several scales, but it is not clear whether this is due to methodological limitations. Southeast Asia English 0 Coe R and Lusiana B. 2008. Review of methods for researching multistrata systems. Working Paper No. 75Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 8 p. GRP 2 2040 BK 129 BK0129-08 CSR and Environmental Conservation: managing the positive and negative impacts Beria Leimona and Aunul Fauzi 2008 Indonesia Business Links Jakarta, Indonesia 118 Southeast Asia Indonesian Leimona B and Fauzi A. 2008. CSR and Environmental Conservation: managing the positive and negative impacts. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Indonesia Business Links. 118 p. GRP 6 2039 PP 264 PP0264-08 Smallholder Agroforestry Fruit Production in Lampung, Indonesia: Smallholder Strategies for Livelihood Enhancement James M Roshetko and Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi 2008 Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM and Purnomosidhi P. 2008. Smallholder Agroforestry Fruit Production in Lampung, Indonesia: Smallholder Strategies for Livelihood Enhancement. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 3 2038 PP 263 PP0263-08 Farmer Extension Approach to Rehabilitate Smallholder Fruit Agroforestry Systems: The Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program in Aceh, Indonesia James M Roshetko, Nazar Idris, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Teuku Zulfadhli and Jusupta Tarigan 2008 Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English The Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program in Aceh, Indonesia. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008. Bogor, Indonesia. ]]> GRP 2 2037 PP 262 PP0262-08 Fruit Germplasm? Resources and Demands for Smallscale Farmers Post-Tsunami and Conflicts in Aceh, Indonesia Endri Martini, James M Roshetko, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Jusupta Tarigan, Nazar Idris and Teuku Zulfadhli 2008 Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Martini E, Roshetko JM, Purnomosidhi P, Tarigan J, Idris N and Zulfadhli T. 2008. Fruit Germplasm’ Resources and Demands for Smallscale Farmers Post-Tsunami and Conflicts in Aceh, Indonesia. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3-7 November 2008. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 1 2036 JA 306 JA0306-08 What Smallholder Agroforestry Systems are Appropriate for Carbon Storage? James M Roshetko and Rodel D. Lasco 2008 Overstory E-journal April 2008 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM and Lasco RD. 2008. What Smallholder Agroforestry Systems are Appropriate for Carbon Storage?. Overstory E-journal April 2008. : P. . GRP 5 2035 PP 261 PP0261-08 Domesticating Landscapes through Farmer-led Tree Cultivation: An Agroforestation Approach to Reforestation in Southeast Asia Manuel Bertomeu and James M Roshetko 2008 Paper presented at the International Symposium on Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge. Gerardmer, France, July 23-27 2008 Gerardmer, France Southeast Asia English Agroforestation Approach to Reforestation in Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Small-scale Rural Forest Use and Management: Global Policies versus Local Knowledge. Gerardmer, France, July 23-27 2008. Gerardmer, France. ]]> GRP 1 2034 BK BK0001-04 A Guide to Learning Agroforestry: A framework for developing agroforestry curricula in Southeast Asia Per G Rudebjer, Peter Taylor and Romulo A del Castillo 2001 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 125 Southeast Asia English Rudebjer P, Taylor P, Del Castillo RA, eds. 2001. A Guide to Learning Agroforestry: A framework for developing agroforestry curricula in Southeast Asia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 125 p. 2033 LE 113 LE0113-08 Deforestation and the multiple functions of tropical watersheds: are tropical forests indispensable for regulating rainfall and ensuring clean and reliable water supplies? Meine van Noordwijk and Sampurno Bruijnzeel 2008 ASB Partnerships for the Tropical Forest Magins Nairobi, Kenya
Natural forests are ecosystems, not mere collections of trees. Several features of natural forest ? its rough surfaces, swamps and other temporary water storage sites make it more able to regulate water flow than a man-made forest.

2. Does forest produce extra rain?

There is evidence that large-scale removal of tropical forest in humid parts of the world affects rainfall during the transition between rainy and dry season. However, effects on annual rainfall are modest (5-10%) relative to inter-annual variability.

3. Does forest affect annual water yield?

Removal of forest initially increases annual water yield. The type of vegetation that follows and the degree of soil compaction determines the water yield in subsequent years.

4. Does forest reduce flooding?

The presence or absence of forests in upland watersheds is not a key contributing factor to the major floods that draw most policy and media attention. However, there is ample evidence that forest cover does affect timing and intensity of floods in small catchments.

5. Does forest reduce erosion, landslides and stream sedimentation?

Forest conversion to other land uses without proper soil conservation measures increases hillslope soil erosion and the risk of shallow landslides.]]> Southeast Asia English Bruijnzeel S, Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Deforestation and the multiple functions of tropical watersheds: are tropical forests indispensable for regulating rainfall and ensuring clean and reliable water supplies?. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnerships for the Tropical Forest Magins. GRP 6 2032 JA 305 JA0305-08 Matsutake trade in Yunnan Province, China: an overview X Yang, Jun He, C Li, J Ma, Yongping Yang and Xu Jianchu 2008 Economic Botany xx x 1-9 China English Yang X, He J, Li C, Ma J, Yang Y and Xu Jianchu . 2008. Matsutake trade in Yunnan Province, China: an overview. Economic Botany. xx(x):P. 1-9. GRP 2 2031 JA 304 JA0304-08 Critical linkages between land-use transition and human health in the Himalayan region Xu Jianchu, R Sharma, J Fang, Xu Y.F and Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan (China) 2008 Environment International 34 239-247 China English Xu Jianchu, Sharma R, Fang J, Xu Y and Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan (China) . 2008. Critical linkages between land-use transition and human health in the Himalayan region. Environment International. 34: P. 239-247. GRP 4 2030 PO 183 PO0183-08 Trees and people adapting to climate change ? Plan for Research and Niles ? Mekong Partnership Meine van Noordwijk, August B Temu, Brent Swallow and Minh Ha Hoang Fagerstrom 2008 Uppsala, Sweden Poster at the conference. Meeting Global Challenges in Research Cooperation, 27-29 May 2008, Uppsala, Sweden Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Temu AB, Swallow BM and Fagerstrom MH. Trees and people adapting to climate change – Plan for Research and Niles – Mekong Partnership. : Uppsala, Sweden. : 2008. GRP 5 2029 LE 112 LE0112-08 Policy formulation and stakeholders's engagement - experiences and lessons in Vietnam Neil Powell, Minh Ha Hoang and Mai Hoang Yen 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Vietnam Vietnam English Powell N, Hoang MH and Hoang Yen M. 2008. Policy formulation and stakeholders's engagement - experiences and lessons in Vietnam. [Leaflet].Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5, GRP 6 2028 LE 111 LE0111-08 RUPES II - Rewards, Uses and Shared investments in Pro-poor Environmental Services Minh Ha Hoang, Nguyen Cong Minh and Nguyen Hoang Quan 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Vietnam Vietnam English Hoang MH, Vinh NC and Quan NH. 2008. RUPES II - Rewards, Uses and Shared investments in Pro-poor Environmental Services. [Leaflet].Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 2027 PP 260 PP0260-08 REDD (Reduced Emission from Deforestation in Developing countries) as a potential sustainable finance mechanism - Learning from COP 13 in Bali and ICRAF Indonesia Minh Ha Hoang and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 Sustainable Financing: Current Status and Emerging Opportunities to be held on 24-25 January, 2008 Vientiane, Lao PDR Vietnam English Hoang MH and van Noordwijk M. 2008. REDD (Reduced Emission from Deforestation in Developing countries) as a potential sustainable finance mechanism - Learning from COP 13 in Bali and ICRAF Indonesia. Sustainable Financing: Current Status and Emerging Opportunities to be held on 24-25 January, 2008. Vientiane, Lao PDR. GRP 5 2026 NL 33 NL0033-08 Agroforestry for Improving Food Security and Simultaneous Leverage on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Minh Ha Hoang and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 FSSP newsletter 20-21 4-5 Vietnam English Hoang MH and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Agroforestry for Improving Food Security and Simultaneous Leverage on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation. FSSP newsletter. GRP 5 2025 WP 112 WP0112-08 Proposal of a provincial policy framework and investment mechanism Minh Ha Hoang, Nguyen thi Kim Minh, Nguyen Thi Kim Thai, David Thomas and Helle T. Stoltz 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Monre, Vietnam Vietnam English Hoang MH, Kim Minh Nt, Kim Thai NT, Thomas D and Stoltz HT. 2008. Proposal of a provincial policy framework and investment mechanism. Monre, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 2024 WP 111 WP0111-08 Final work plans for models to be piloted in H� Tinh and H� T�y provinces Nguyen thi Kim Minh, Nguyen Thi Kim Thai, Minh Ha Hoang and Helle T. Stoltz 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Monre, Vietnam Vietnam English Kim Minh Nt, Kim Thai NT, Hoang MH and Stoltz HT. 2008. Final work plans for models to be piloted in Hà Tinh and Hà Tây provinces. Monre, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 2023 WP 110 WP0110-08 Review/Summaries of practical models and two proposed models to be applied in two target provinces (prior to mini-workshops) supported by lessons learned from Tasks 1 and 2 Minh Ha Hoang, Helle T. Stoltz and Pham Thu Thuy 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Monre, Vietnam Vietnam English Hoang MH, Stoltz HT and Thuy PT. 2008. Review/Summaries of practical models and two proposed models to be applied in two target provinces (prior to mini-workshops) supported by lessons learned from Tasks 1 and 2. Monre, Vietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 2022 WP 109 WP0109-08 How to apply PES experience and lessons leant to Bac Kan project ?Pro-poor Partnerships for Agro-forestry development? Minh Ha Hoang, Pham Thu Thuy, S. Suyanto, Ho Dac Thai Hoang, Vu Tan Phuong, Do thi Ngoc Bích, Pham Quang Ha and Ngo Trung Thanh 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Vietnam ICRAF Vietnam and Rupes II working paper Vietnam English Hoang MH, Thuy PT, Suyanto S, Thai Hoang HD, Phuong VT, Ngoc Bích Dt, Ha PQ and Thanh NT. 2008. How to apply PES experience and lessons leant to Bac Kan project ‘Pro-poor Partnerships for Agro-forestry development’. ICRAF Vietnam and Rupes II working paperVietnam. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 2021 BK 128 BK0128-08 Comparative assessment of resource and market access of the poor in upland zones of the Greater Meking Region David Thomas, Benchaphun Ekasingh, Methi Ekasingh, Louis Lebel, Minh Ha Hoang, Laura Ediger, Sithong Thongmanivong, Xu Jianchu, Shanchat Sangchyoswat, Ylva Nyberg and World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Chiangmai 2008 Rockefeller Foundation Chiangmai, Thailand Thailand English Thomas D, Ekasingh B, Ekasingh M, Lebel L, Hoang MH, Ediger L, Thongmanivong S, Xu Jianchu , Sangchyoswat S, Nyberg Y and World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Chiangmai . 2008. Comparative assessment of resource and market access of the poor in upland zones of the Greater Meking Region. Chiangmai, Thailand. : Rockefeller Foundation. GRP 3 2020 JA 303 JA0303-08 Pro-poor Payments for Environmental Services: Challenges for the government and administrative Agencies in Vietnam Pham Thu Thuy, Minh Ha Hoang and Bruce M Campbell 2008 Wiley InterScience 28 1-11 Vietnam English Thuy PT, Hoang MH and Campbell BM. 2008. Pro-poor Payments for Environmental Services: Challenges for the government and administrative Agencies in Vietnam. Wiley InterScience. 28: P. 1-11. GRP 6 2019 JA 313 JA0313-08 The Role of Local Government Units in Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino, Florencia B Pulhin and Manuel Rangasa 2008 AdaptNet Policy Forum 2008-09-30 00:00:00 8 Philippines English 0 URL]]> GRP 5 2018 PP 259 PP0259-08 Where Central Policies Meet Local Objectives: Exploring Sub-Basin-Level Participatory Watershed Management in Northern Thailand David E Thomas L Gebbie, Aiden Glendinning, R Lefroy-Braun and Michael Victor 2008 Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006 National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Lao PDR, Laos 21-34 Thailand English Thomas DE. 2008. Where Central Policies Meet Local Objectives: Exploring Sub-Basin-Level Participatory Watershed Management in Northern Thailand. In: Gebbie L, Glendinning A, Lefroy-Braun R and Victor M,eds. Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006. Lao PDR, Laos. National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute. GRP 6 2017 PP 258 PP0258-08 Farm Forestry and Buffer Zone Enhancement in Mountainous Southwest China: a way to Enhance Rural Economies and the Environment Horst Weyerhaeuser, Laura Ediger, Zhou Zimei, Wu Xunfeng and Chen Huafang L Gebbie, Aiden Glendinning, R Lefroy-Braun and Michael Victor 2008 Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006 National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Lao PDR, Laos 303-314 China English Weyerhaeuser H, Ediger L, Zimei Z, Xunfeng W and Huafang C. 2008. Farm Forestry and Buffer Zone Enhancement in Mountainous Southwest China: a way to Enhance Rural Economies and the Environment. In: Gebbie L, Glendinning A, Lefroy-Braun R and Victor M,eds. Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006. Lao PDR, Laos. National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute. GRP 6 2016 PP 257 PP0257-08 Criteria and Indicators for Ecosystem Reward and Compensation Mechanisms: Realistic, Voluntary, Conditional and Pro-Poor Meine van Noordwijk, Grace B.Villamor, Beria Leimona and Minh Ha Hoang L Gebbie, Aiden Glendinning, R Lefroy-Braun and Michael Victor 2008 Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006 National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Lao PDR, Laos 372-390 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Villamor GB, Leimona B and Hoang MH. 2008. Criteria and Indicators for Ecosystem Reward and Compensation Mechanisms: Realistic, Voluntary, Conditional and Pro-Poor. In: Gebbie L, Glendinning A, Lefroy-Braun R and Victor M,eds. Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006. Lao PDR, Laos. National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute. GRP 6 2015 BC 279 BC0279-08 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tropical Forest Landscapes Jean-Laurent Pfund, Piia Koponen, Trudy O'Connor, Jean-Marc Boffa, Meine van Noordwijk and Jean-Pierre Sorg R Lafortezza 2008 Patterns and Processes in Forest Landscapes Springer Science+Business Media B.V 297-322 Southeast Asia English 0 Pfund J, Koponen P, O'Connor T, Boffa J, van Noordwijk M and Sorg J. 2008. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tropical Forest Landscapes. In: Lafortezza R et al,eds. Patterns and Processes in Forest Landscapes. : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. P. 297-322. GRP 6 2014 RP 244 RP0244-08 Seeing People Through The Trees. Scalling up Efforts to Advance Rights and Address Poverty, Conflict and Climate Change Rights and Resources Initiative 2008 Rights and Resources Initiative Washington DC, USA 56 Southeast Asia English 0 Rights and Resources Initiative. Seeing People Through The Trees. Scalling up Efforts to Advance Rights and Address Poverty, Conflict and Climate Change. Washington DC, USA. : Rights and Resources Initiative. 2008. 56 p. GRP 6 2013 RP 243 RP0243-08 From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities an Advancing Forest tenure Reform Rights and Resources Initiative 2008 Rights and Resources Initiative Washingto DC, USA 54 Southeast Asia English 0 Rights and Resources Initiative. 2008. From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities an Advancing Forest tenure Reform. Washingto DC, USA. : Rights and Resources Initiative. 54 p. GRP 6 2012 JA 302 JA0302-08 Indigenous strategies of sustainable farming systems in the highlands of northern Philippines D.B Magcale-Macandog and Ocampo LJM 2005 Journal Of Sustainable Agriculture 26 2 117-138 Philippines English Magcale-Macandog D and Ocampo L. 2005. Indigenous strategies of sustainable farming systems in the highlands of northern Philippines. Journal Of Sustainable Agriculture. 26(2):P. 117-138. 2011 JA 301 JA0301-08 Using pore sizes as described in soil profile descriptions to estimate infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity I Messing, J Iwald, D Lindgren, K Lindgren, La Nguyen and T.S Hai 2005 Soil Use and Management British Society of Soil Science 21 3 276-277 This study tests relationships between, on the one hand, field-saturated infiltration rate into the uppermost sloping soil layer (KfJ and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil horizons (Kfsh) and, on the other hand, in situ determined macropore sizes in soil profile descriptions. It was carried out at six locations along a transect on'a slope with loamy soils. The macropores were classified into representative size indices based on pore diameters (Ptd) and pore areas (P,,). A strong relationship was found between Kf,I and P,,, and between Kfsh and Ptd. The approach is promising and the methodology could be further developed with the aim of generalizing the functional relationships, so that Kf, can be estimated in areas where soil survey databases contain information on pore size abundance but lack Kf, values. Pedotransfer function, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore size, soil profile description Vietnam English Messing I, Iwald J, Lindgren D, Lindgren K, La Nguyen LN and Hai T. 2005. Using pore sizes as described in soil profile descriptions to estimate infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Use and Management. 21(3):P. 276-277. 2010 JA 300 JA0300-08 Variable responses of the depth of tree nitrogen uptake to pruning and competition Edwin C Rowe, Meine van Noordwijk and Didik Suprayogo 2006 Tree Physiology 26 12 1529-1535 Southeast Asia English Rowe EC, van Noordwijk M and Suprayogo D, et al. 2006. Variable responses of the depth of tree nitrogen uptake to pruning and competition. Tree Physiology. 26(12):P. 1529-1535. 2009 JA 299 JA0299-08 A Revealed Preference Approach to Estimating Supply Curves for Ecosystem Services: Use of Auctions to Set Payments for Soil Erosion Control in Indonesia Broke Kelsey Jack, Beria Leimona and Paul J Ferraro 2008 Conservation Biology To supply ecosystem services, private landholders incur costs. Knowledge of these costs is critical for the design of conservation-payment programs. Estimating these costs accurately is difficult because the minimum acceptable payment to a potential supplier is private information. We describe how an auction of payment contracts can be designed to elicit this information during the design phase of a conservation- payment program. With an estimate of the ecosystem-service supply curve from a pilot auction, conservation planners can explore the financial, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences of alternative scaled-up programs. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in Indonesia, where soil erosion on coffee farms generates downstream ecological and economic costs. Bid data from a small-scale, uniform-price auction for soilconservation contracts allowed estimates of the costs of a scaled-up program, the gain from integrating biophysical and economic data to target contracts, and the trade-offs between poverty alleviation and supply of ecosystem services. Our study illustrates an auction-based approach to revealing private information about the costs of supplying ecosystem services. Such information can improve the design of programs devised to protect and enhance ecosystem services. conservation auction, conservation planning, payments for ecosystem services, poverty alleviation, program design, revealed preferences, supply curves Southeast Asia IN PRESS English Kelsey Jack B, Leimona B and Ferraro PJ. 2008. A Revealed Preference Approach to Estimating Supply Curves for Ecosystem Services: Use of Auctions to Set Payments for Soil Erosion Control in Indonesia. Conservation Biology. : P. . GRP 6 2008 JA 298 JA0298-08 Fluctuating Fortunes of a Collective Enterprise: The Case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines Delia Catacutan, Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon Arbes, Caroline Duque and Novie Butra Delia Catacutan, Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon J.Arbes, Caroline E.Duque and Novie Butra 2008 Small-Scale Forestry Springer 7 353–368 The Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in Bukidnon province of Mindanao, Philippines, was organized in 1998, facilitated by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Farmers were trained on germplasm collection, processing and marketing of agroforestry tree seeds and seedlings. ATSAL has been marketing various tree seeds and seedlings with apparent success, and has provided training on seed collection and nursery management to farmers, government technicians, and workers from non-government organizations. This paper reports initial results of a continuing study to assess the effectiveness of ATSAL?s marketing strategy, including group dynamics, and the issues and challenges the group faces. It was found that during the first 2 years, ATSAL?s market share of highly demanded timber tree species grew rapidly, thus helping to disseminate widely these important species among farmers. ICRAF?s technical backup was an advantage, increasing the Association?s market credibility. Subsequently, ATSAL extended its market to the central Philippines, but failed to meet the demand for seeds due to organizational limitations. Market competition exists where a non-member was able to take a larger market share than was the group. Nonetheless, ATSAL has established its name as a viable community-based seed and seedling producer, maintaining a stronghold in local and regional markets. Collective action is important for smallholders to gain market access, but is unlikely to sustain sales. Facilitating smallholder collective action is essentially an arduous task, requiring the supporting agency to hold a firm grasp of market realities, to invest in the maintenance of collective action, to provide continuous technical backup, and to ascertain the conditions that make collective action succeed. Collective action, Niche marketing, Market facilitation, Agroforestry, Germplasm This paper is a revised version of CAPRi Working Paper 76, ‘Collective Action and Property Rights’, originally presented at the CAPRi Research Workshop on Collective Action and Market Access for Smallholders, October 2–5, 2006, Cali, Colombia. Philippines English Catacutan D, Bertomeu M, Arbes LJ, Duque CE and Butra N. 2008. Fluctuating Fortunes of a Collective Enterprise: The Case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines Delia Catacutan, Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon Arbes, Caroline Duque and Novie Butra. Small-Scale Forestry. 7: P. 353–368. GRP 1 2007 JA 297 JA0297-08 Scaling up the impact of agroforestry: Lessons from three sites in Africa and Asia Steve Franzel, G.L Denning, J-P. Lillesø-Barnekow and Agustin Mercado Jr 2004 Agroforestry Systems Kluwer Academic Publishers 61 329–344 This paper assesses recent lessons in scaling up agroforestry benefits, drawing on three case studies: fodder shrubs in Kenya, improved tree fallows in Zambia and natural vegetative strips coupled with the Landcare Movement in the Philippines. Currently more than 15 000 farmers use each of these innovations. Based on an examination of the main factors facilitating their spread, 10 key elements of scaling up are presented. The key elements contributing to impact were a farmer-centered research and extension approach, a range of technical options developed by farmers and researchers, the building of local institutional capacity, the sharing of knowledge and information, learning from successes and failures, and strategic partnerships and facilitation. Three other elements are critical for scaling up: marketing, germplasm production and distribution systems, and policy options. But the performance of the three case-study projects on these was, at best, mixed. As different as the strategies for scaling up are in the three case studies, they face similar challenges. Facilitators need to develop exit strategies, find ways to maintain bottomup approaches in scaling up as innovations spread, assess whether and how successful strategies can be adapted to different sites and countries, examine under which circumstances they should scale up innovations and under which circumstances they should scale up processes, and determine how the costs of scaling up may be reduced. Extension, Farmer-centered research, Fodder shrubs, Landcare, Natural vegetative strips, Tree fallows Philippines English Franzel S, Denning G, Lillesø-Barnekow J and Mercado Jr A. 2004. Scaling up the impact of agroforestry: Lessons from three sites in Africa and Asia. Agroforestry Systems. 61: P. 329–344. 2006 WP 108 WP0108-08 Setting landscape conservation targets and promoting them through compatible land use in the Philippines Grace B.Villamor, Ruth Grace Ambal, Jean-Marc Boffa, Thomas Brookes, Angelito Cereno, Oliver Coroza, Rodel D. Lasco, Goetz Schroth and Merlijn van Weerd 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper no. 74 31 Addressing the need to develop techniques that help set area targets for species requiring landscape management has been the heart of collaboration between Conservation International (CI) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in the Philippines. This initiative falls within the broader context of the Hotspot Alliance between the two global organizations, which aim to promote advances in the science and practice of agroforestry to improve human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Global Biodiversity Hotspots. Apart of the scientific collaboration is a meeting-workshop to discuss the contribution of the agroforestry/ agricultural matrix to the conservation of globally threatened landscape level conservation in the Philippine Hotspots: moving from theory to practice. The meetingworkshop was held in Los Ba�os, Laguna, Philippines, April 11-12, 2008. This report covers the summaries of all presentations, a synthesis of the meeting-workshop and the current research gaps and issues identified in the conservation of globally threatened species requiring landscape level approach. Research needs and opportunities emerging from the workshops are shared in this report. Landscape scale conservation, agroforestry, area demanding threatened species, Philippine Eagle, Eastern Mindanao Range, Sierra Madre Range a meeting-workshop of CI-ICRAF Collaborative Project Philippines English 0 Villamor GB, Ambal RG, Boffa J, Brookes T, Cereno A, Coroza O, Lasco RD, Schroth G and van Weerd M. 2008. Setting landscape conservation targets and promoting them through compatible land use in the Philippines. ICRAF Working Paper no. 74. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 31 p. GRP 4 2005 A0 32 A10032-08 Pana - bukan misi yang mustahil: kisah sukses pengusahaan kebun karet World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 11 menit DVD Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Pana - bukan misi yang mustahil: kisah sukses pengusahaan kebun karet. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (11 menit) GRP 2, GRP 5 2004 A0 31 A10031-08 RAS 1 - Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 7 menit DVD Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. RAS 1 - Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (7 menit) GRP 2 2003 A0 30 A10030-08 Teknologi dan petunjuk teknis tanaman karet World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 70 menit DVD Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Teknologi dan petunjuk teknis tanaman karet. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (70 menit) GRP 2, GRP 3 2002 A0 29 A10029-08 Rewards for care ICRAF Video Team 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 15 minutes DVD Southeast Asia English ICRAF Video Team. 2007. Rewards for care. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (15 minutes) 2001 A0 28 A10028-08 Pana - a mission not impossible: success story in rubber garden establishment World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 10 minutes DVD Southeast Asia English 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Pana - a mission not impossible: success story in rubber garden establishment. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (10 minutes) GRP 2, GRP 5 2000 BC 278 BC0278-08 Care of soil Delia Catacutan 2008 Encyclopedia of Soil Science 1-4 Philippines English Catacutan D. 2008. Care of soil. Encyclopedia of Soil Science. : P. 1-4. GRP 3 1999 A0 27 A10027-08 Teknologi dan Petunjuk Teknis Tanaman Karet World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 Teknologi ngeon Peuteunyok Cara Pula Geutah (Bahasa Aceh) World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 70 menit DVD Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Teknologi dan Petunjuk Teknis Tanaman Karet. Teknologi ngeon Peuteunyok Cara Pula Geutah. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (70 menit) GRP 2, GRP 3 1998 A0 26 A10026-08 RAS 1 - Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif (Bahasa Aceh) World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 7 menit DVD Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. RAS 1 - Sistem Wanatani Ekstensif (Bahasa Aceh). [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (7 menit) GRP 2 1996 JA 296 JA0296-08 Tree Seed Procurement-Diffusion Pathways in Wonogiri and Ponorogo, Java James M Roshetko, Mulawarman and A.Dianarto 2008 Small-scale Forestry Springer 2008 7 333-352 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM, Mulawarman and Dianarto A. 2008. Tree Seed Procurement-Diffusion Pathways in Wonogiri and Ponorogo, Java. Small-scale Forestry. 2008(7):P. 333-352. GRP 3 1995 TD 153 TD0153-08 Assessment of watershed functions to support negotiations in a catchment under land use conflict in Sumberjaya, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia Bruno Verbist 2008 Procopia NV Heverlee, Belgium 231 Bio-ingenieerswetenschappen Phd Southeast Asia English Verbist B. 2008. Assessment of watershed functions to support negotiations in a catchment under land use conflict in Sumberjaya, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. Heverlee, Belgium. : Procopia NV. 231 p. GRP 6 1994 JA 295 JA0295-08 Evaluating Indigenous Practices for Petai (Parkia spesciosa Hassk) Seed Germination: The Effect of Seed Shelling and Seed Cutting on Germination, Growth, and Survival James M Roshetko, Subekti Rahayu, Wiyono and Nugroho Heri Prastowo 2008 Small-scale Forestry Springer 2008 7 285-293 Southeast Asia English (Parkia spesciosa Hassk) Seed Germination: The Effect of Seed Shelling and Seed Cutting on Germination, Growth, and Survival. Small-scale Forestry. 2008(7):P. 285-293.]]> GRP 3 1993 JA 294 JA0294-08 Hydraulic redistribution study in two native tree species of agroforestry parklands of West African dry savanna Jules Bayala, Lee Kheng Heng, Meine van Noordwijk and Sibiri Jean Ouedraogo 2008 Acta Oecologica Elsevier xxx 2008 1-9 Southeast Asia English 0 Bayala J, Heng LK, van Noordwijk M and Ouedraogo SJ. 2008. Hydraulic redistribution study in two native tree species of agroforestry parklands of West African dry savanna. Acta Oecologica. xxx(2008):P. 1-9. GRP 2 1992 TD 152 TD0152-08 Economic analysis of smallholder rubber agroforestry system efficiency in Jambi Indonesia Atuhaire Rodgers 2008 Bogor Agriculture University Bogor, Indonesia 162 Agricultural Economics Master of Science Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry, Economic Efficiency, Policy Analysis matrix Southeast Asia English 0 Rodgers A. 2008. Economic analysis of smallholder rubber agroforestry system efficiency in Jambi Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor Agriculture University. 162 p. GRP 2 1991 LE 110 LE0110-08 Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia REDD stands for 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries' and details of how this can be done are currently under investigation. The EFFERVA method was designed to help in this process. Southeast Asia English 0 GRP 5, GRP 6 1990 LE 109 LE0109-08 Barrier Analysis for Tree Enhancement: WNoTree - Analysis of reasons for shortage of trees in the landscape Meine van Noordwijk, Endri Martini and S. Suyanto 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Current relationships between agroforestry and plantation forestry are perceived to be complementary, neutral or competitive, depending on the ability of (inter)national policy frameworks to provide a level playing field for the provision to society at large of productive and protective forest functions. In conditions where large-scale plantations operate with substantial government subsidies (direct or indirect, partly justified by environmental service functions), in contrast to non-existent or minimal subsidies for agroforestry, the potential to produce wood and simultaneously provide for many forest benefits and ecological services with agroforestry is placed at a disadvantage, to the detriment of society at large. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Martini E and Suyanto S. 2008. Barrier Analysis for Tree Enhancement: WNoTree - Analysis of reasons for shortage of trees in the landscape. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1989 LE 108 LE0108-08 Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): A Tool for Identifying the Nature of Land Tenure Conflicts Gamma Galudra, Gamal Pasya and Martua T Sirait 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Deforestation, forest fire, illegal logging and land conflicts with indigenous people are often major problems in forest resource management. Many scholars related these problems to land tenure issues, but few studies provided detailed analysis of competing claims of access and use rights on forest land. The main source of these competing claims can be traced to lack of clarity, legitimacy and legality of land tenure policies. Legality refers to alignment with constitutional rights and principles, while legitimacy refers to full stakeholders' involvement in discussions and legal reform. Land tenure conflicts arise from perceptions and the different interpretation that people give to their rights over forest land and resource. Unlike other guidelines that only identify existing land tenure systems and general conflicts, the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment explores competing claims among different stakeholders as these competing claims are often related to competing land tenure policies, developed in different historical periods and for various purposes. Southeast Asia English 0 Galudra G, Pasya G and Sirait MT. 2008. Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): A Tool for Identifying the Nature of Land Tenure Conflicts. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 1988 LE 107 LE0107-08 Forest, Agroforest, Low-value Landscape or Wasteland (FALLOW) Model:A simple tool to help you illuminating future options on development strategies to transform your rural agroforested landscapes into places worth living in and worth fighting for Desi Ariyadhi Suyamto and Rachmat Mulia 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The FALLOW Model simulates land use/cover change dynamics due to local responses on external drivers with various feedback loops, and assesses the consequences of the resulting land use mosaics on economical utilities (welfare and food security) and environmental services (carbon stocks, watershed functions and biodiversity). Southeast Asia English 0 Suyamto DA and Mulia R. 2008. Forest, Agroforest, Low-value Landscape or Wasteland (FALLOW) Model:A simple tool to help you illuminating future options on development strategies to transform your rural agroforested landscapes into places worth living in and worth fighting for. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1987 LE 106 LE0106-08 GENeric Model of RIVER Flow (GEN-RIVER) Ni'matul Khasanah and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Land cover change can significantly affect watershed functions through changes in the fraction of rainfall that reaches the ground, the subsequent pathways of water flow over and through the soil and the rate of water use by plants. Simple characteristics of the vegetation (monthly pattern of leaf biomass, influencing canopy interception and transpiration, and ability to extracts water from deeper soil layers) and soil (especially compaction of the macropores in the soil that store water between 'saturation' and 'field capacity') can probably explain a major part of the impacts on river flow. Empirical assessment of the dynamics of water flows as a function of land cover change and soil properties takes time and resources, and needs to take temporal and spatial variation of rainfall into account. A model based on 'first principles' that integrates land cover change and change in soil properties as driving factors of changes in river flow can be used as a tool to explore scenario's of land use change, if it passes a 'validation' test against observed data. Southeast Asia English 0 Khasanah N and van Noordwijk M. 2008. GENeric Model of RIVER Flow (GEN-RIVER). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1986 LE 105 LE0105-08 Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS) Guideline: For Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA) Nurhariyanto, Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo, Jihad, Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia QBS uses indicator animal groups - dung beetles, bats, small mammals, primates, birds - in addition to plants. The animal groups can be modified depending on their importance in the locality but the survey technique should be maintained for consistency and data comparison. The entire field work can be conducted in two weeks while the species identification should be done in consultation with experts. A local guide who is knowledgeable about local plants and animals is necessary for the field work. Indicator animals and plants are surveyed along 1 km long transects; the layout and frequency of sample points are determined by the animal groups being surveyed. Time and other resource permitting, the number of transects can be increased to improve the accuracy of survey data. In general, the survey, identification, data analysis and reporting can be completed in about six weeks. Southeast Asia English 0 Nurhariyanto, Prasetyo PN, Jihad , Joshi L and Martini E. 2008. Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS) Guideline: For Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 2 1985 LE 104 LE0104-08 Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA): in the context of Environmental Services Rewards Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia With rapid deforestation across the tropics, biodiversity loss is a global concern. Until recently, most biodiversity conservation approaches were based on a spatial segregation of functions and was focused on 'protected areas ' plus 'intensive agriculture'. The results of such endeavors, however, remain less than satisfactory. A second approach is based on 'integration ' of functions and on maintaining substantial biodiversity productive landscapes. A combination of the two approaches is most likely to achieve the joint goals but it includes 'integrated' systems where the 'conservation' and 'economic development' goals compete. Specific incentives that represent the 'conservation' stakeholders may be needed to keep the 'conservation' aspect of these systems in the land managers' attention. Southeast Asia English 0 Joshi L and Martini E. 2008. Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA): in the context of Environmental Services Rewards. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1984 LE 103 LE0103-08 Rapid Oxygen Supply Appraisal (ROSA) Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ROSA is a method to assert whether or not the rosy view of tropical's forests as lungs of the world and as suppliers of oxygen has any basis. As for other TUL-SEA methods, it has a LEK (Local ecological knowledge), a PEK (Policy/public ecological knowledge), a MEK (Modellers' ecological knowledge) and a Spatial Analysis component, can be done rapidly and at relatively low cost. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Oxygen Supply Appraisal (ROSA). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 1983 LE 102 LE0102-08 Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): a rapid but integrated way to assess landscape carbon stocks Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The RACSA appraisal tool is designed to provide a basic level of locally relevant knowledge to assist in such discussions between relevant stakeholders. It introduces a scientifically sound methodological framework of accounting carbon sinks, while focusing on activities that can improve local livelihoods and alleviate rural poverty. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA): a rapid but integrated way to assess landscape carbon stocks. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 1982 LE 101 LE0101-08 Rapid Landslide Mitigation Appraisal (RaLMA): A tool for appreciating the role of trees in slope stabilization Meine van Noordwijk and Kurniatun Hairiah 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Landslides killing hundreds of people have become an almost yearly phenomenon in SE Asia and have a high profile in the public debate. High rainfall events on wet soil on hill slopes can trigger 'failure' in planes of weakness in the soil profile which leads to movement of soil. Forest vegetation and trees can play an important role in holding a soil profile together through their root systems, and the removal of trees and subsequent decay of tree roots may be part of the explanation of specific landslides. Ironically, however, the risk of landslides after removal of trees is partially because the trees prevented landslides to happen earlier, and contributed to the build-up of soil until this is too heavy for the existing slope steepness. Landslides, or slope instability, can also be due to construction of roads and other structures that interfere with the flow paths of water through a hill-slope. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M and Hairiah K. 2008. Rapid Landslide Mitigation Appraisal (RaLMA): A tool for appreciating the role of trees in slope stabilization. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1981 LE 100 LE0100-08 Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): An Integrated Approach to Assess Watershed Functions and Management Options Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The circulation of water through rainfall, evapotranspiration, river and groundwater flows and its storage as clean, freshwater is essential for life. Protecting the cycling and storage is at the heart of 'watershed functions'. In practice, however, watershed management can mean different things in different situations, to different stakeholders. There is still a lack of clear criteria on the functions that can be expected from 'good' watersheds in a given climate and landscape, and of indicators of the hydrological functions that can be used to adjust management. In some interpretations 'watershed management' includes the totality of livelihood options and management of vegetation cover. We focus here on the 'hydrological' subset that relates directly to water flows. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA): An Integrated Approach to Assess Watershed Functions and Management Options. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1980 LE 99 LE0099-08 Tree-Tree interaction Model: the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SexI-FS) Degi Harja and Gregoire Vincent 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SExI-FS) focuses on tree-tree interactions in a mixed multi-species agroforest. The high level of structural complexity of such traditional agroforestry systems defies classical forestry approaches when it comes to optimizing management practices. To cope with this complexity, farmers have adopted a tree-by-tree management approach, which is closer to gardening than to any usual tropical forestry or estate crop management model. Individual tree care and regular tending can consist of transplanting seedlings, selective cleaning and felling, adjusted harvesting intensity. Southeast Asia English 0 Harja D and Vincent G. 2008. Tree-Tree interaction Model: the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SexI-FS). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1979 LE 98 LE0098-08 Water Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS) Ni'matul Khasanah and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Sustainable land use systems can be provided through agroforestry practices. Agroforestry is an agricultural approach of using the benefits from combining trees and crops and/or livestock. Therefore, knowledge on selection of species combination and good management of trees and crops are needed to maximize the production and positive effects of trees and to minimize negative competitive effects on crops. Southeast Asia English 0 Khasanah N and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Water Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1978 LE 97 LE0097-08 Tree architecture and scaling rules: Functional Branch Analysis (FBA), above and belowground - A supporting tool for analysis of multifunctional landscapes Meine van Noordwijk and Rachmat Mulia 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Trees come in various shapes, grow at different rates and interact with their neighbours during development. Yet, many of the properties of an individual tree can be predicted if we know the diameter of its stem. The relationship between this diameter and properties such as tree height, tree biomass, leaf area and harvestable timber are called 'scaling rules' or . Empirical allometric scaling equations (the most generic form is Y = a D ) for tree biomass Y on the basis of stem diameter D are often used in forest inventories and assessment of carbon and nutrient stocks in vegetation. They are based on cutting selected trees and obtaining destructive measurements to relate to the stem diameter. When shifting from plantation forestry to mixed forestry or multi-species agroforestry systems, however, shortcuts to the empirical approach are desirable. Certain regularities in the development of tree form are captured in 'fractal branching' models; such models can provide a transparent scheme for deriving treespecific scaling rules on the basis of easily observable, non-destructive methods. Apart from total tree biomass, the models can provide rules for total leaf area, relative allocation of current growth to leaves, branches, stem or litter, or the ratio of green to brown projection area that modulates tree-crop interactions in savanna. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M and Mulia R. 2008. Tree architecture and scaling rules: Functional Branch Analysis (FBA), above and belowground - A supporting tool for analysis of multifunctional landscapes. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1977 LE 96 LE0096-08 Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA): Understanding Market Opportunity for Market-Oriented Smallholder Agroforestry Systems Suseno Budidarsono, Iwan Kurniawan and James M Roshetko 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Interest in Rapid Market Appraisals (RMA) grew out of frustration with lengthy, costly and intensive formal surveys in developing countries that rarely generated any timely or sensible analysis. Doing a rapid market assessment for agroforestry product is an efficient way to obtain policy-relevant and intervention-focused information about any commodities that have market potentials. It avoids the cost, delays, and management burden of formal surveys while still providing the experienced analyst with a practical set of tools for identifying constraints and opportunities, cross-checking observations, and planning or monitoring strategic interventions. RMA enables us to orient production to market demand (quantity, quality, processing, packaging), identify niche products for which an area has comparative advantages, reorient production to respond to changing demand, and to facilitate a change in thinking from ?production minded? to ?market minded?, facilitate a mental change from ?middle-men are the bloodsuckers of the poor? to a different perception, in which each stakeholder has a role in the market chain. Southeast Asia English 0 Budidarsono S, Kurniawan I and Roshetko JM. 2008. Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA): Understanding Market Opportunity for Market-Oriented Smallholder Agroforestry Systems. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3, GRP 6 1976 LE 95 LE0095-08 Rapid Appraisal of Drivers of Land Use Change (DriLUC) Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Land use is dynamic. It is the resultant of decisions and choices made by many actors and agents, and the consequences of the change has many stakeholders. At an early stage of involvement in Integrated Natural Resource Management of a certain landscape, the key features of the resultant 'system' need to be mapped and understood. Looking at a dynamic landscape as a system implies a concept of 'internal' (endogenous) and 'external' (exogenous) drivers of change (even though the system boundary is fluid). The system is subject to 'pressure', has 'response options', 'time lags' and 'feedback mechanisms' that allow learning and internal adjustment. Yet, we shouldn't lose sight of the disconnect, conflicting interests and sometimes open conflicts between the various stakeholders and actors. A 'political ecology' view on the multiple interests and stakes in the landscape can help to form a platform for discussions and negotiations among stakeholders. Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M. 2008. Rapid Appraisal of Drivers of Land Use Change (DriLUC). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5, GRP 6 1975 LE 94 LE0094-08 Participatory Analysis of Poverty, Livelihoods and Environment Dynamics (PAPOLD) Hoang Minh Ha and Pham Thu Thuy 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Poverty, people's livelihood strategies, and the natural environment are inter-linked in both space and time. Some of those inter-linkages are distinctly spatial phenomena, which can be measured using household surveys and remote sensing technologies and mapped using geographic information systems, while other inter-linkages are more context-specific and difficult to observe. The method of Participatory Analysis of Poverty, Livelihoods and Environment Dynamics (PAPOLD) was developed to capture local specific issues of these inter-linkages. The method is asserted to be more comparative than other methods because it is participatory, dynamic and comparable . It is a refinement of the Stages of Progress (SoP) developed by Anirudh Krishna of Duke University in the USA . In Vietnam, it was modified by ICRAF team in collaboration with Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs and Vietnam Institute of Economics in 2007 to better address links between poverty and environment in Vietnam. By integrating PAPOLD with sustainable livelihood approach, Poverty and Environmental linkages are seen in a comprehensive way. Southeast Asia English 0 Hoang MH and Thuy PT. 2008. Participatory Analysis of Poverty, Livelihoods and Environment Dynamics (PAPOLD). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1974 LE 93 LE0093-08 Participatory Landscape Analysis (PaLA) Hoang Minh Ha 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Landscapes change in response to what people do to make a living and to live their lives as best they can, constrained by economic opportunities, knowledge and lack of collective action and joint decision making about, and implementation of, spatial planning. Global population growth, local migration and increasing wealth exert pressure to convert forests to agricultural, industrial or residential land. The diversity in physical and socio-economic conditions in the uplands requires new sustainable land use options for obtaining food security and for environmental protection. Involving multiple stakeholders in the analysis of the tradeoffs between short and long-term benefits and drawing upon their perspectives and knowledge are considered essential in the development of sustainable land use. Furthermore, farmers' knowledge of landscape relationships and their perceptions of an underlying logic play an important role in their management decisions. Development of sustainable land use practices at farm and landscape levels depends on bridging the various perception and communication gaps. Southeast Asia English 0 Hoang MH. 2008. Participatory Landscape Analysis (PaLA). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1973 LE 92 LE0092-08 Trees in multi-use landscape in Southeast Asia: A negotiation support toolbox for integrated natural resource management TUL-SEA Project 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) requires site-specific understanding of tradeoffs between and among the goods and services that trees in agro-ecosystems can provide. ICRAF in SE Asia has developed a negotiation support toolbox consisting of tools for rapid appraisal of landscape, tenure conflict, market, hydrology, agrobiodiversity and carbon stocks, and simulation models for tree and crop interaction at the plot level and landscape dynamics. Local resource managers in national institutions need access to cost-effective, replicable tools and approaches to appraise the likely impacts of new technologies and changes in market access and to support evidence-based negotiations of contentious issues. However, prior to wider pplicability, there are needs for: 1. Cost-effectiveness tests of the toolbox under a wide range of agroforestry contexts in SE Asia conducted by the local institutions, 2. Capacity enhancement of national institutions to use these tools. Southeast Asia English 0 TUL-SEA Project. 2008. Trees in multi-use landscape in Southeast Asia: A negotiation support toolbox for integrated natural resource management. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1972 WP 107 WP0107-08 Impact of the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) on agroforestry education capacity Per G Rudebjer, Leila D Landicho, Damrong Pipatwattanakul, Iskandar Z Siregar and Dang Dinh Boi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia WP number 73 130 Southeast Asia English 0 Rudebjer PG, Landicho LD, Pipatwattanakul D, Siregar IZ and Boi DD. 2008. Impact of the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) on agroforestry education capacity. WP number 73Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 130 p. GRP 6 1971 MN 42 MN0042-08 Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator - User Guide and Software Degi Harja and Gregoire Vincent 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Bogor, Indonesia 83 Southeast Asia English 0 Harja D and Vincent G. 2008. Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator - User Guide and Software. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). 83 p. GRP 2 1970 JA 333 JA0333-09 Payments for environmental services Meine van Noordwijk, Beria Leimona, Minh Ha Hoang, Grace B.Villamor and Thomas Yatich 2008 ETFRN News Wageningen, The Netherlands 49 95-99 Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Hoang MH, Villamor GB and Yatich T. 2008. Payments for environmental services. ETFRN News. 49: P. 95-99. GRP 6 1969 JA 293 JA0293-08 Exploring Ecological Significance of Tree Crown Plasticity through Three-dimensional Modelling Gregoire Vincent and Degi Harja 2007 Annals of Botany Oxford University Press 2008 101 1221–1231 Crown plasticity, 3D simulation, individual-based model, competition Southeast Asia English 0 Vincent G and Harja D. 2007. Exploring Ecological Significance of Tree Crown Plasticity through Three-dimensional Modelling. Annals of Botany. 2008(101):P. 1221–1231. 1968 TD 151 TD0151-08 Potensial air daun dan efisiensi penggunaan cahaya dalam sistem karet (Hevea brasiliensis) monokultur dan karet campuran dengan akasia (Acacia mangium) Ni'matul Khasanah 2008 Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 70 SEKOLAH PASCA SARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR Magister Penanaman pohon kayu-kayuan seperti akasia (Acacia mangium) di sela-sela karet (Hevea brasiliensis) merupakan salah satu pilihan yang menarik bagi petani untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Disamping mampu meningkatkan produktivitas lahan, secara ekonomi, penanaman jenis kayu-kayuan mempunyai harapan yang sangat bagus mengingat produksi kayu dari hutan alami telah mengalami penurunan terutama di Sumatera dimana studi ini dilakukan. A. mangium merupakan jenis pohon dengan kecepatan tumbuh tinggi (fast growing tree), hal ini memberikan resiko terjadinya kompetisi cahaya dengan H. Brasiliensis. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan pengaturan waktu tanam dan pengelolaan yang tepat untuk mengurangi kompetisi cahaya dengan H. brasiliensis. Lebih lanjut, sebagian besar kebun karet di Indonesia terletak pada daerah dengan dua atau lebih bulan kering, menimbulkan resiko terjadinya kompetisi air. Pada periode curah hujan rendah, kompetisi air antara A. mangium dan H. brasiliensis merupakan bentuk kompetisi lain yang terjadi yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan H.brasiliensis. Dengan kata lain, kompetisi cahaya dan air merupakan bentuk kompetisi yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam sistem penanaman campuran antara H. brasilensis dengan A. mangium. Studi ini membandingkan respon pertumbuhan, baik secara morfologi maupun fisiologi, dari H. brasiliensis dalam sistem monokultur (6 x 3.3 m dan 6 x 2 x 14 m) dan campuran dengan A. mangium (3 x 3 x 17 m). Studi ini dilakukan pada tahun kelima setelah penanaman dengan difokuskan pada analisa variasi pertumbuhan H. brasiliensis diantara A. mangium dalam kaitannya dengan potensial air daun (LWP), intersepsi cahaya oleh kanopi dan efisiensi penggunaan cahaya (LUE). LWP daun disamping digunakan untuk mengetahui status air tanaman juga digunakan sebagai indikator adanya kompetisi. LWP dari H. brasiliensis menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara musim kering dan musim hujan. LWP dari A. mangium lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan H. Brasiliensis, namun demikian baik pada musim kering maupun musim hujan LWP dari H. Brasiliensis pada sistem yang berbeda tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Disisi lain, walaupun LUE dari H. brasiliensis pada sistem campuran dengan A. mangium tidak menunjukkan perbedaan dengan sistem monokultur namun intersepsi cahaya dan biomasa pohon dari H. brasiliensis pada plot campuran dengan A. mangium secara nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pada plot monokultur. Dengan demikian, lebih rendahnya pertumbuhan H. brasiliensis dalam plot campuran dengan A. mangium secara nyata disebabkan oleh adanya naungan dari A. mangium. Hasil simulasi WaNuLCAS model menunjukkan bahwa dengan melakukan penundaan penanaman A. mangium memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan H. brasiliensis. Umur sadap H. brasiliensis mendekati umur sadap dalam sistem penanaman monokultur, jika penanaman A. mangium ditunda hingga 5 tahun. Penanaman A. mangium secara bersamaan dengan H. brasiliensis atau penundaan penanaman A. mangium dibawah 5 tahun dapat dibarengi dengan penebangan A. mangium. Penundaan penanaman A. mangium mempercepat umur sadap H. brasiliensis, namun memperlambat umur pemanenan A. mangium. efisiensi penggunaan cahaya, intersep si cahaya oleh kanopi, pertumbuhan pohon, potensial air daun, sistem campuran Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Khasanah N. 2008. Potensial air daun dan efisiensi penggunaan cahaya dalam sistem karet (Hevea brasiliensis) monokultur dan karet campuran dengan akasia (Acacia mangium). Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. 70 p. GRP 2 1967 NL 30 NL0030-08 Kiprah Agroforestri 1 Aunul Fauzi, Jess Fernandez, Andree Eka Dinata, Subekti Rahayu, Iwan Kurniawan, Kurniatun Hairiah and Martua T Sirait 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 1 1-Agustus 2008 8 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Fauzi A, Fernandez J, Eka Dinata A, Rahayu S, Kurniawan I, Hairiah K and Sirait MT. 2008. Kiprah Agroforestri. In: Rahayu S and Fauzi A,eds. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 1, GRP 2, GRP 3, GRP 4, GRP 5, GRP 6 1966 JA 292 JA0292-08 Modelling of planted legume fallows in Western Kenya. (II) Productivity and sustainability of simulated management strategies A.P. Walker, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2008 Agroforest Syst Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 2008 74 143–154 Improved fallow is a technology that can help to raise agricultural productivity in systems of poor soil fertility and low financial capital. Models, once calibrated, can be used to investigate a range of improved fallow systems relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, helping to direct experimental research towards promising areas of interest. Six fallow crop rotations were simulated using the WaNuLCAS model in a bimodal rainfall setting in Kenya over a 10 year period: (A) alternating fallow and crop seasons, (B) one season fallow followed by three seasons crop, � one season fallow followed by four seasons crop, (D?F) 1?3 seasons fallow periods followed by 3?5 seasons crop. The strategies were tested using a number of fallow growth rates, soil clay contents, and rainfall amounts to determine the interaction of fallow rotation and biophysical variables on maize (Zea mays (L.)) yield and sustainability (organic matter, N2 fixation, leaching). The best simulated fallow strategies doubled maize yield compared to continuous maize over a 10 year period. Across all biophysical treatments strategy A and B of no more than three consecutive cropping seasons and of one consecutive fallow season yielded the most maize. This was because fallow benefits were largely due to the immediate fallow soil fertility benefit (IFB) rather than the cumulative benefit (CFB). The difference in yield between the two strategies was through a balance between (1) their interaction with the biophysical variables affecting accumulation of organic matter, hence increasing soil fertility and (2) the extra intrinsic soil fertility used for maize productivity by the inclusion of more cropping seasons within the rotation. We propose the following conceptual framework to manage fallows for maximum maize yield: when environmental factors are strongly limiting to fallow and crop growth then fallow strategy A would be the best strategy to employ (less risk but more labour) and when factors are less limiting then strategy B would be the best to employ. Computer simulation, Organic matter, Pedotransfer functions, Soil fertility, Tropical, Water limitation, Leaching, WaNuLCAS Southeast Asia English 0 Walker A, van Noordwijk M and Cadisch G. 2008. Modelling of planted legume fallows in Western Kenya. (II) Productivity and sustainability of simulated management strategies. Agroforest Syst. 2008(74):P. 143–154. GRP 1 1965 A0 25 A10025-08 Rubber technology and technical guideline World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 68 minutes DVD Southeast Asia English 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Rubber technology and technical guideline. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (68 minutes) GRP 2, GRP 3 1964 A0 24 A10024-08 RAS 1: improved Rubber Agroforestry System World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 7 minutes DVD Southeast Asia English 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. RAS 1: improved Rubber Agroforestry System. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (7 minutes) GRP 2 1962 WP 106 WP0106-08 The Last Remnants of Mega Biodiversity in West Java and Banten: An In-Depth Exploration of RaTA (Rapid Land Tenure Assessment) in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia Gamma Galudra, Rojak Nurhawan, Afif Aprianto, Yaya Sunarya and Engkus 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 69 33 In Indonesia, land tenure conflicts occurred after 1997 financial crisis. Many scientists and policy makers tried to solve these conflicts, but failed to address their underlying cause of, causing the conflicts re-emerge after they were claimed settled. Land tenure conflicts mostly emerge because there are many competing claims by various stakeholders on land. There is a need to study about this kind of conflict and ICRAF, in 2006, developed a manual called RaTA to address this need. RaTA aims to explain the competing claims and underlying cause of these claims among different stakeholders. This method was then conducted in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, where the area not only contains different competing claims but also different needs and interests from various stakeholders. A policy analysis and historical analysis was also used to explain the cause of these competing claims, revealing a different perspective from stakeholders? perceptions toward their claims Conflict, land tenure, policy, national park, biodiversity, preservation, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Galudra G, Nurhawan R, Aprianto A, Sunarya Y and Engkus . 2008. The Last Remnants of Mega Biodiversity in West Java and Banten: An In-Depth Exploration of RaTA (Rapid Land Tenure Assessment) in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. Working Paper no 69Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 33 p. GRP 6 1961 JA 290 JA0290-08 Land use, landscape management and environmental services in the mountain mainland Asia: introduction E Sharma and Xu Jianchu 2007 Tropical Ecology 48 2 129-136 China English Sharma E and Xu Jianchu . 2007. Land use, landscape management and environmental services in the mountain mainland Asia: introduction. Tropical Ecology. 48(2):P. 129-136. 1960 MN 41 MN0041-08 Panduan Pembangunan Kebun Wanatani Berbasis Karet Klonal (A manual for Rubber Agroforestry System - RAS) Budi, Gede Wibawa, Ilahang, Ratna Akiefnawati, Laxman Joshi, Eric Penot and Janudianto 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 54 Southeast Asia Indonesian Budi, Wibawa G, Ilahang , Akiefnawati R, Joshi L, Penot E and Janudianto . 2008. Panduan Pembangunan Kebun Wanatani Berbasis Karet Klonal (A manual for Rubber Agroforestry System - RAS). Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 54 p. GRP 2 1959 WP 105 WP0105-08 Carbon Storage of the Grassland Areas of Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines Florencia B Pulhin 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no 74 32 Sample plots measuring 1m x 1m were established in the 11 sites of the Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Grass samples inside the plots were collected, weighed and oven dried for biomass density determination and carbon content analysis. Likewise, soil samples within the sample plots are collected to assess the bulk and carbon densities of the mentioned ecosystem. Results of the study show that biomass density of the grasslands in the area ranges from 2.75 Mg/ha to 11.60 Mg/ha or an average of 6.60 Mg/ha. In terms of carbon content, carbon analysis of the grass samples indicate that grassland areas in the Domain contain around 34% carbon. Soils in the grasslands have carbon density values ranging from 35.36 Mg/ha to 47.22 Mg/ha. On the average, carbon density of the grassland areas amounts to 41.42 Mg/ha. Total carbon density of the grassland areas ranges from 36.59 Mg/ha to 52 Mg/ha. Average total carbon density of the grasslands is about 44 Mg/ha. In terms of percentage, analysis shows that a large percentage of the total carbon density of the grasslands is found in the soil. This carbon pool contributes around 91 ? 99% of the total carbon density. On the other hand, the grass component contributes a very small percentage of a mere 1 ? 9%. Results indicate that soil is a major sink of carbon because it does not only absorb large amount of carbon but it also holds carbon for a longer period of time compared with vegetation. Philippines English Pulhin FB. 2008. Carbon Storage of the Grassland Areas of Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Working Paper no 74Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 32 p. GRP 5 1958 JA 289 JA0289-08 Towards an efficacious method of using Landsat TM imagery to map forest in complex mountain terrain in Northwest Yunnan, China X Yang, A.K Skidmore, D Melick, Zhou Zaizi and Xu Jianchu 2007 Tropical Ecology 48 2 1-13 China English Yang X, Skidmore A, Melick D, Zaizi Z and Xu Jianchu . 2007. Towards an efficacious method of using Landsat TM imagery to map forest in complex mountain terrain in Northwest Yunnan, China. Tropical Ecology. 48(2):P. 1-13. 1957 JA 288 JA0288-08 Forest transition, its causes and environmental consequences: an empirical evidence from Yunnan of Southwest China Xu Jianchu, Yongping Yang, Jeff Fox and X Yang 2007 Tropical Ecology International Society for Tropical Ecology 48 2 137-150 China is experiencing forest transition with its associated environmental and geopolitical impacts. This paper examines forest transition with empirical evidences experienced over the last half century at five sites in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. Results suggest that the forest transitions in Yunnan were mainly driven by economic growth that created off-farm opportunities. It was also supported by state policies favourable for environmental conservation that secured tenure and provided technical assistance and financial compensation. The forest transition in China contributes to global carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and in improving local and regional environment. The forest transition was also useful in understanding people and land interactions in the coupled human-environment systems in Yunnan of the eastern Himalayas; this also provided potential policy understandings for regional application specifically when it comes to environmental conservation and economic development. China English Xu Jianchu, Yang Y, Fox J and Yang X. 2007. Forest transition, its causes and environmental consequences: an empirical evidence from Yunnan of Southwest China. Tropical Ecology. 48(2):P. 1-14. 1956 JA 287 JA0287-08 Land use/cover change and environmental vulnerability analysis in Birahi Ganga sub-watershed of the Garhwal Himalaya, India H Yu, P.K Joshi, K.K Das, D.D Chauniyal, David R Melick, X Yang and Xu Jianchu 2007 Tropical Ecology 48 2 1-10 China English Yu H, Joshi P, Das K, Chauniyal D, Melick DR, Yang X and Xu Jianchu . 2007. Land use/cover change and environmental vulnerability analysis in Birahi Ganga sub-watershed of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Tropical Ecology. 48(2):P. 1-10. 1955 JA 286 JA0286-08 Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region: land management system supporting ecosystem services R Sharma, Xu Jianchu and G Sharma 2007 Tropical Ecology 48 2 1-12 China English Sharma R, Xu Jianchu and Sharma G. 2007. Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region: land management system supporting ecosystem services. Tropical Ecology. 48(2):P. 1-12. 1954 RP 242 RP0242-08 Comparative assessment of resource and market access of the poor in upland zones of the Greater Mekong Region David E Thomas, Benchaphun Ekasingh, Methi Ekasingh, Louis Lebel, Minh Ha Hoang, Laura Ediger, Sithong Thongmanivong, Xu Jianchu, Chanchai Sangchyoswat and Ylva Nyberg 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Chiang Mai, Thailand 350 Thailand English Thomas DE, Ekasingh B, Ekasingh M, Lebel L, Hoang MH, Ediger L, Thongmanivong S, Xu Jianchu , Sangchyoswat C and Nyberg Y. Comparative assessment of resource and market access of the poor in upland zones of the Greater Mekong Region. Chiang Mai, Thailand. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2008. 350 p. GRP 6 1949 WP 104 WP0104-08 Fluctuating Fortunes of a Collective Enterprise: The Case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines Delia Catacutan, Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon J.Arbes, Caroline E.Duque and Novie Butra 2008 CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) Washington, DC, USA CAPRi Working Paper No. 76 21 The Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in Bukidnon province, southern Philippines was organized in 1998, facilitated by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Farmers were trained on germplasm collection, processing and marketing of agroforestry tree seeds and seedlings. ATSAL has been marketing various tree seeds and seedlings with apparent success, and has provided training on seed collection and nursery management to farmers, government technicians, and workers from non-government organizations (NGOs). This paper reports on the initial results of an on-going study to assess the effectiveness of ATSAL?s marketing strategy, including group dynamics, and the issues and challenges the group faces. It was found that during the first two years, ATSAL?s market share of greatly demanded timber tree species increased significantly, thus helping to disseminate widely these important species among farmers. ICRAF?s technical back-up was an advantage, increasing the Association?s market credibility. Subsequently, ATSAL extended its market to the central Philippines, but failed to meet the demand for seeds due to organizational limitations. Market competition exists, where a nonmember was able to take a larger market share than was the group. Nonetheless, ATSAL has established its name as a viable community-based seed and seedling producer, maintaining a stronghold in local and regional markets. Collective action is important for smallholders to break in, and gain market access, but is unlikely to sustain without effective leadership and some facilitation (in some cases even ongoing), thus requiring expenditures on repairs and maintenance through continuous technical and leadership training for the collective, and technical back-up and facilitation by an intermediary. Finally, facilitating smallholder collective action is essentially an arduous task, requiring the supporting agency to hold a firm grasp of market realities, to invest in the maintenance of collective action, to provide continuous technical back-up, and to ascertain the conditions that make collective action succeed. Collective action, Niche marketing, Agroforestry seeds Philippines English Catacutan D, Bertomeu M, Arbes LJ, Duque CE and Butra N. 2008. Fluctuating for Tunes of a Collective Enterprise: The Case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines. CAPRi Working Paper No. 76Washington, DC, USA. : CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi). 21 p. GRP 1 1948 WP 103 WP0103-08 Eco-Certification: Can It Deliver Conservation and Development in the Tropics? Mica Bennett 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper nr 65 64 This paper investigates the potential for eco-certification to improve livelihoods and conserve biodiversity in tropical countries, using the example of a traditional rubber agroforestry practice in Indonesia. Eco-certification has the potential to allow farmers to generate revenue streams by marketing environmental benefits of their practices. However, in the years since eco-certification first began in 1993 to 2005 fewer than 1.5 percent of tropical forests had become eco-certified, compared to slightly over 31 percent of temperate forests. Nonetheless, eco-certification has promise for delivering conservation and development to the tropics, but it comes with much fine print to observe if it is to do so. This paper makes recommendation regarding the fine print including changes to current eco-certification practices that could make it a more effective option for the tropics. Findings ? Eco-certification cannot deliver sustainable conservation if it does not also deliver sustainable development. Failure of price premiums to materialize for eco-certified wood has strongly contributed to the low rates of eco-certification in the tropics. ? Choice of certification schemes should match local circumstances. Among the various certification types (for example, organic and fair-trade) eco-certification offers the strongest conservation protections, making it highly suited for situations with threatened biodiversity. Crops already traded internationally make the best choice for internationallybased eco-certification. ? Ways need to be found to reduce transaction costs and maximize conservation outcomes. The use of contracts that separate biodiversity from raw material value chains is a potential solution. ? The eco-certification space needs a ?boundary spanning? to organization to forge a learning system for transferring know-how to action. This learning system must engage currently missing research expertise in business analysis and marketing to tackle issues coming from the fiercely competitive retail of markets within developed countries. ? Eco-certification is new with a still evolving market. Its success or failure to conserve environmental services depends on being able to motivate consumers to pay for the certified environmental services so that producers can earn decent returns for providing global value. Eco-Certification, Indonesia, Rubber, Tropics, Conservation, Development, Payments for Environmental Services Southeast Asia English Bennett M. 2008. Eco-Certification: Can It Deliver Conservation and Development in the Tropics?. Working Paper nr 65Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 64 p. GRP 2 1947 LE 87 LE0087-08 Meine van Noordwijk and Sampurno Bruijnzeel 2008 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya Southeast Asia English GRP 5, GRP 6 1946 LE 86 LE0086-08 Restoring the Functions of Watersheds: Agroforestry Systems that are intermediate between natural forests and intensive foodcrop agriculture can restore most if not all watershed functions attributed to natural forests Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya Southeast Asia English Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Restoring the Functions of Watersheds: Agroforestry Systems that are intermediate between natural forests and intensive foodcrop agriculture can restore most if not all watershed functions attributed to natural forests. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. GRP 2, GRP 6 1945 RP 241 RP0241-08 Melestarikan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi , Penghidupan Pedesaan, dan Manfaat Lingkungan:Opsi-opsi Strategis untuk Bantuan Kehutanan di Indonesia The World Bank 2006 The World Bank Jakarta, Indonesia 229 Southeast Asia Indonesian The World Bank. Melestarikan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi , Penghidupan Pedesaan, dan Manfaat Lingkungan:Opsi-opsi Strategis untuk Bantuan Kehutanan di Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia. : The World Bank. 2006. 229 p. 1944 WP 102 WP0102-08 Participatory Poverty and Livelihood Assessment Report, Kalahan, Nueva Vizcaya, The Philippines Grace B.Villamor and Moises Pindog 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia WP number 67 37 Philippines English Villamor GB and Pindog M. 2008. Participatory Poverty and Livelihood Assessment Report, Kalahan, Nueva Vizcaya, The Philippines. WP number 67. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 37 p. GRP 6 1943 RP 240 RP0240-08 Economic potential of land-use change and forestry for carbon sequestration and poverty reduction Oscar Cacho, Robyn Hean, Kirsfianti Ginoga, Russell Wise, Deden Djaenudin, Mega Lugina, Yuliana Wulan, Subarudi, Betha Lusiana, Meine van Noordwijk and Ni'matul Khasanah 2008 Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Canberra, Australia ACIAR Technical Reports 68 43 Southeast Asia English Cacho O, Hean R, Ginoga K, Wise R, Djaenudin D, Lugina M, Wulan Y, Subarudi , Lusiana B, van Noordwijk M and Khasanah N. Economic potential of land-use change and forestry for carbon sequestration and poverty reduction. ACIAR Technical Reports 68Canberra, Australia. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). 2008. 43 p. GRP 6 1942 PO 182 PO0182-08 ?Nanggung Agroenterprise Development? Progress Activities on Developing Katuk and Kucai's Production Plots Iwan Kurniawan, Suseno Budidarsono, Denta Anggakusuma and Arif Rahmanulloh 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kurniawan I, Budidarsono S, Anggakusuma D and Rahmanulloh A. 2008. “Nanggung Agroenterprise Development” Progress Activities on Developing Katuk and Kucai's Production Plots. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3 1941 PO 181 PO0181-08 Market opportunity identification of VAF products by Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA) methodology Iwan Kurniawan, James M Roshetko, Denta Anggakusuma and Lia Dahlia 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kurniawan I, Roshetko JM, Anggakusuma D and Dahlia L. 2008. Market opportunity identification of VAF products by Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA) methodology. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3 1940 PO 180 PO0180-08 Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asian Watershed: A Baseline Study World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asian Watershed: A Baseline Study. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 2 1939 PO 179 PO0179-08 Better understanding of market information to penetrate the VAF market for small-scale farmers Iwan Kurniawan, James M Roshetko, Denta Anggakusuma and Suseno Budidarsono 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kurniawan I, Roshetko JM, Anggakusuma D and Budidarsono S. 2008. Better understanding of market information to penetrate the VAF market for small-scale farmers. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 3 1938 PP 256 PP0256-08 Impacts of the Hutan Kamasyarakatan Social Forestry Program in the Sumberjaya Watershed, West Lampung District of Sumatra, Indonesia John Pender, S. Suyanto, John Kerr and Edward Kato 2008 IFPRI Discussion Paper 00769 International Food Policy Research Institute Washington DC, USA 64 This paper investigates the impacts of a social forestry program in Indonesia, Hutan Kamasyarakatan (HKm), based on analysis of a survey of 640 HKm and comparable non-HKm plots in the Sumberjaya watershed of southern Sumatra, and of the households operating those plots. The HKm program provides groups of farmers with secure-tenure permits to continue farming on state Protection Forest land and in exchange for protecting remaining natural forestland, planting multistrata agroforests, and using recommended soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on their coffee plantations. Using farmers? perceptions, econometric techniques, and propensity score matching, we investigated the impacts of the HKm program on perceived land tenure security, land purchase prices, farmers? investments in tree planting and SWC measures, and plot-level profits. A significant fraction of HKm group members are not aware of the program or fully aware of its requirements. Although farmers who are aware of the program perceive its strong effects on tenure security and land values, we found insignificant impacts on the actual purchase prices of plots. Nevertheless, our survey revealed that the HKm program has contributed to increased planting of timber and multipurpose trees. We did not find significant impacts on investments in SWC measures or on soil fertility management practices. HKm has had mixed impacts on profits, with timber trees reducing profitability because timber harvesting is not allowed and multipurpose nontimber trees contributing to increased profits. The policy implications of these findings are also discussed in the paper. rewards for environmental services, land tenure contracts, social forestry, Indonesia, impact assessment Southeast Asia English Pender J, Suyanto S, Kerr J and Kato E. 2008. Impacts of the Hutan Kamasyarakatan Social Forestry Program in the Sumberjaya Watershed, West Lampung District of Sumatra, Indonesia. IFPRI Discussion Paper 00769. Washington DC, USA. International Food Policy Research Institute. GRP 6 1937 JA 285 JA0285-08 Facilitating agroforestation of landscapes for sustainable benefits: Tradeoffs between carbon stocks and local development benefits in Indonesia according to the FALLOW model Meine van Noordwijk, Desi Ariyadhi Suyamto, Betha Lusiana, Andree Ekadinata and Kurniatun Hairiah 2008 Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Elsevier Ltd 126 2008 98-112 Although Indonesia has no shortage of land area that lost its forest cover before 1990 and has become the global leader in land-use based greenhouse gas emissions, the widespread expectation that the afforestation/reforestation approach to Clean Development Mechanisms (A/R CDM) could lead to sustainable development benefits has not so far materialized. The main challenges to implementation of the current A/R CDMmechanisms are in (1) the definition of forest and its institutional implications, (2) the projectization that is embedded in the definition of CDM, (3) non-linear baselines related to forest transitions that complicate attribution, (4) inherent lack of synergy with other development activities and (5) high transaction costs and temporary nature of credits. In possible new international regimes that aim to include all relevant changes in land-use based emissions, a more outcome-based programmatic approach may partially replace the project cycle assessments of CDM. However, there will still be a need to assess the combination of factors and policies that can be expected to enhance terrestrial carbon storage through voluntary land-use decisions, by a combination of reduced emissions and enhanced storage. Tradeoffs usually exist between local livelihoods and carbon storage, but assessment of the opportunity costs of C sequestration requires analysis at the landscape and community scale at scenario level, including local adjustment and optimization. We explored such scenarios for a number of cases in Indonesia that range from a forest margin to a degraded lands setting. FALLOWmodel applications were set up for 4 landscapes in Indonesia (15?98% forest cover, 1?55% grassland, 17?51 persons km2) to test the internal consistency of the hypothesis that farmer-led development of tree-based land-use systems in response to accessible markets, legal tenure arrangements, availability of reliable technical information and local investment can convert degraded forest lands at low public cost and form an attractive alternative to project-based interventions with detailed prescriptions and planning. The calculated (non-linear) baselines for carbon stocks varied from an average trend of 0.26 to +0.23 Mg C ha1 year1 over a 25 year period of assessment, equivalent to a net sequestration of 0.95 to 0.84 t CO2 ha1 year1 The highest value for predicted additional carbon storage in the wider landscape did not coincide with the best results for local livelihoods, but in each of the case studies the results for a ?programmatic? removal of constraints to profitable smallholder tree-based production systems was more attractive than a ?prescribed? tree planting in designated project areas. These results support the design of international modalities for an outcome-based approach to enhancing carbon storage with local flexibility in implementation. Clean Development Mechanism; FALLOW model; Landscape carbon assessment; Scenario analysis; Tradeoffs analysis Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Suyamto DA, Lusiana B, Eka Dinata A and Hairiah K. 2008. Facilitating agroforestation of landscapes for sustainable benefits: Tradeoffs between carbon stocks a nd local development benefits in Indonesia according to the FALLOW model. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 126(2008):P. 98-112. GRP 5 1936 JA 284 JA0284-08 Understanding land use, livelihoods, and health transitions among Tibetan methods: a case from Gangga township, Dingri county, Tibetan autonomous region of China. Xu Jianchu, Y Yong, L Zhuoqing, N Tashi, R Sharma and F Jing 2008 EcoHealth 2008 11 China English Xu Jianchu, Yong Y, Zhuoqing L, Tashi N, Sharma R and Jing F. 2008. Understanding land use, livelihoods, and health transitions among Tibetan methods: a case from Gangga township, Dingri county, Tibetan autonomous region of China. EcoHealth. (2008) DOI: 10.1007/ s10393-008-0173-1: P. 11. GRP 4 1935 NL 29 NL0029-08 Property rights, environmental services and poverty alleviation in Indonesia John Kerr, S. Suyanto, John Pender and Beria Leimona 2008 Madison, USA 2008-03 Southeast Asia English Kerr J, Suyanto S, Pender J and Leimona B. 2008. Property rights, environmental services and poverty alleviation in Indonesia. Madison, USA. GRP 6 1934 WP 101 WP0101-08 A Conjoint Analysis of Farmer Preferences for Community Forestry Contracts in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Indonesia Bustanul Arifin, Brent Swallow, S. Suyanto and Richard Coe 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya ICRAF Working Paper 63 36 A wide range of policy instruments have been devised and applied to support the goals of sustainable forestry management. Community forestry programs can contain elements of several of these instruments. This paper considers the design of community forestry contracts in Indonesia. In the research site, community forestry contracts are contracts between the Forestry Department and community groups that provide group members with time-bound leasehold rights to protection forests, provided that farmers abide by specified land-use restrictions and pay any required fees. Farmers perceive that the contracts represent a bundle of restrictions and instruments, some of which are explicitly stated in the contract and others that are implied by the contract. Conjoint analysis was used to quantify farmers? tradeoffs among the explicit and implicit attributes of the contracts. The results of bivariate and ordered logit models show that farmers are most concerned about the length of the contract, and surprisingly unconcerned about requirements on tree density and species composition. An implicit attribute, greater access to forestry and agroforestry extension, emerged as an important implicit attribute. The results imply that farmers in this part of Indonesia would be willing to abide by fairly strict limitations on land use, provided that they can be assured of long-term rights to the planted trees. Community forestry programs, community forestry contracts, conjoint analysis, Indonesia; ordered logit Southeast Asia English Arifin B, Swallow BM, Suyanto S and Coe R. 2008. A Conjoint Analysis of Farmer Preferences for Community Forestry Contracts in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Indonesia. ICRAF Working Paper 63. Nairobi, Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 36 p. GRP 6 1933 BL 35 BL0035-08 Payment for environmental services: experiences and lessons in Vietnam Minh Ha Hoang, Meine van Noordwijk and Pham Thu Thuy 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam 34 Vietnam Vietnamese 2008. Payment for environmental services: experiences and lessons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 34 p. GRP 6 1932 BL 34 BL0034-08 Payment for environmental services: experiences and lessons in Vietnam Minh Ha Hoang, Meine van Noordwijk and Pham Thu Thuy 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Hanoi, Vietnam 34 Vietnam English 2008. Payment for environmental services: experiences and lessons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 34 p. GRP 6 1931 LE 85 LE0085-08 National Policy Dialogue on Environmental Services Supply through Regulation, Voluntary Agreements and Markets Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk, Grace B.Villamor and Gamma Galudra 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B, van Noordwijk M, Villamor GB and Galudra G. 2008. National Policy Dialogue on Environmental Services Supply through Regulation, Voluntary Agreements and Markets. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1930 LE 84 LE0084-08 Social Mobilization and Local Awareness of Rights and Opportunities for Environmental Services Market Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk, Grace B.Villamor, Aunul Fauzi, Shyam Upadhyaya and Farida 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 Leimona B, van Noordwijk M, Villamor GB, Fauzi A, Upadhyaya S and Farida. 2008. Social Mobilization and Local Awareness of Rights and Opportunities for Environmental Services Market. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1929 PO 178 PO0178-08 Seperti apa masa depan kami? Niken Sakuntaladewi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Sakuntaladewi N. 2008. Seperti apa masa depan kami?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1928 PO 177 PO0177-08 Kecenderungan perubahan bentang alam areal perladangan berpindah dan demografi di Asia Tenggara 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Kecenderungan perubahan bentang alam areal perladangan berpindah dan demografi di Asia Tenggara. 2008. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 6 1927 PO 176 PO0176-08 Perubahan sistem perladangan berpindah dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di Asia Tenggara 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian 2008. Perubahan sistem perladangan berpindah dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di Asia Tenggara. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 4 1926 PO 175 PO0175-08 Penyediaan Hara dan Erosi pada Sistem Perladangan Berpindah Fahmuddin Agus 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia) Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Agus F. 2008. Penyediaan Hara dan Erosi pada Sistem Perladangan Berpindah. Bogor, Indonesia. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia). GRP 4 1925 PO 174 PO0174-08 Cadangan Karbon dan Keanekaragaman Hayati pada Sistem Perladangan Berpindah Fahmuddin Agus and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia) Bogor, Indonesia carbon stock, shifting cultivation, biodiversity Southeast Asia Indonesian Agus F and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Cadangan Karbon dan Keanekaragaman Hayati pada Sistem Perladangan Berpindah. Bogor, Indonesia. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF - Southeast Asia). GRP 5 1924 LE 83 LE0083-08 Conditional Tenure as a Reward for Environmental Services S. Suyanto, Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk and Gamma Galudra 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 Suyanto S, Leimona B, van Noordwijk M and Galudra G. 2008. Conditional Tenure as a Reward for Environmental Services. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1923 LE 82 LE0082-08 Dealing with myth-perceptions: how to reduce communication and perception gaps before Rewards for Environmental Services negotiations can start? Meine van Noordwijk, Beria Leimona, Grace B.Villamor and Gamma Galudra 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Villamor GB and Galudra G. 2008. Dealing with myth-perceptions: how to reduce communication and perception gaps before Rewards for Environmental Services negotiations can start?. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 6 1922 PP 255 PP0255-08 Agroforestry on the interface of climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 18 The global challenge of climate change is a symptom of unsustainable development pathways. It also is a direct cause of concern through its impacts on lives and landscapes in the countries that have large emissions as well as those without. Indonesia is part of the global problem, mainly due to the high emissions from peatlands and forest fires, and will have to be part of the solution. Globally, the excess of ?ecological footprint? over available space urges for a more efficient use of space, with multifunctionality and the coproduction of goods and services as a requirement. Forms of agroforestry are well placed to provide such multifunctional solutions, even if they involve tradeoffs and compromises internal to the system. These tradeoffs can only be managed if goods and services are both rewarded at appropriate levels. Compared with the traditional professional training of foresters and agronomists, the current requirements for integrated natural resource management are much broader and indeed integrated. Adaptation to the shifting opportunities and challenges of climate, on top of shifts in globalizing markets and transforming economies and adjustments in the balance of power between local, national and global governance, will require a high degree of ?sustainagility? rather than adoption of pre-conceived plans. A mix of analytical and synthetic skills is needed from our next generation of professionals and leaders, as well as an ability to assist multiple stakeholders in the negotiation of multifunctionality in rapidly changing landscapes Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2008. Agroforestry on the interface of climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 5 1921 JA 283 JA0283-08 District-scale prioritization for A/R CDM project activities in Indonesia in line with sustainable development objectives Daniel Murdiyarso, Meine van Noordwijk, Atie Puntodewo, Atiek Widayati and Betha Lusiana 2008 Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Elsevier 126 2008 59-66 The promise of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to deliver its dual objectives is currently under public scrutiny. In land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities through afforestation and reforestation projects, known as A/R CDM, the deliverables that demonstrate sustainable development remain unclear. While the methods to convincingly demonstrate carbon benefits are fine-tuned, there is growing concern on a lack of socio-economic benefits of the projects. With the criteria for sustainable development left with the national approval process, CDM projects in a medium-income country with transparent criteria may be more supportive to the socio-economic targets of CDM than in a low-income country without further specifications. At national scale, priority areas can be identified on the basis of publicly available data on land cover and the human development index (HDI). In a case study for Indonesia we found that population density between a lower and upper limit, and risks of fire incidence are socio-economic indicators which could further guide choices within the domain of technically eligible lands (without forest cover in 1990).Within the 302 districts across Indonesia covering a land area of around 193 million ha, the eligibility criteria based on the Marrakesh Accord (later called ??hard?? criteria) identified 47 million ha of land.With additional (later called ??soft??) criteria of a population density between 10 and 100 persons km and a below-average HDI, 17.3 million ha of eligible lands distributed over 53 districts were prioritized. Differences in fire risk lead to a further stratification of clusters of similarity within this priority domain, with CDM possible at high as well as low fire risk, but requiring different types of project. By grouping districts in clusters of overall similarity of land cover, three main clusters with 7.9, 0.7 and 3.7 Mha of prioritized eligible lands were identified where pilot activities for CDM may be implemented with higher probability of development benefits and extrapolation potential. Kyoto land eligibility; Cluster analysis; Priority district; Fire risks Southeast Asia English Murdiyarso D, van Noordwijk M, Puntodewo A, Widayati A and Lusiana B. 2008. District-scale prioritization for A/R CDM project activities in Indonesia in line with sustainable development objectives. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 126(2008):P. 59-66. GRP 6 1920 A0 23 A20023-08 Trees and sustainable livelihoods: Avoiding deforestation in Indonesia without economic loss Kate Langford and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 11 minutes VCD Southeast Asia English Langford K and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Trees and sustainable livelihoods: Avoiding deforestation in Indonesia without economic loss. [VCD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (11 minutes) 1919 A0 22 A10022-08 Trees and sustainable livelihoods: Avoiding deforestation in Indonesia without economic loss Kate Langford and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 11 minutes DVD Southeast Asia English Langford K and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Trees and sustainable livelihoods: Avoiding deforestation in Indonesia without economic loss. [DVD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (11 minutes) 1918 MN 40 MN0040-08 Petunjuk Teknis: Penanaman Meranti di Kebun Karet Hesti Tata Lestari, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) SEA Regional Office, Lembaga Riset Perkebunan Indonesia (LRPI) Bogor, Indonesia 23 979-3198-38-5 Dipterocarpaceae, ectomycorrhiza, meranti, planting, rubber agroforest Southeast Asia Indonesian Lestari HT, Wibawa G and Joshi L. 2008. Petunjuk Teknis: Penanaman Meranti di Kebun Karet. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) SEA Regional Office, Lembaga Riset Perkebunan Indonesia (LRPI). 23 p. GRP 2 1917 BK 127 BK0127-08 Bunga Rampai: Pendidikan agroforestri sebagai strategi menghadapi perubahan iklim global Meine van Noordwijk, Kurniatun Hairiah, Suhardi, Sambas Sabarnurdin, Riyanto Soedjalmo, Mamun Sarma and Suntoro 2008 Fakultas Pertanian UNS Surakarta, The Indonesian Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Surakarta, Indonesia 142 Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K, Suhardi , Sabarnurdin S, Soedjalmo R, Sarma M and Suntoro . 2008. Bunga Rampai: Pendidikan agroforestri sebagai strategi menghadapi perubahan iklim global. Surakarta, Indonesia. : Fakultas Pertanian UNS Surakarta, The Indonesian Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 142 p. GRP 5 1916 BC 277 BC0277-08 Agroforestri sebagai solusi mitigasi dan adaptasi pemanasan global: Pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan dan fleksibel terhadap berbagai perubahan Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk, Kurniatun Hairiah, Suhardi, Sambas Sabarnurdin, Riyanto Soedjalmo, Mamun Sarma and Suntoro 2008 Bunga Rampai: Pendidikan agroforestri sebagai strategi menghadapi perubahan iklim global Fakultas Pertanian UNS Surakarta, The Indonesian Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Surakarta, Indonesia 13-41 Agroforestry, adaptation, mitigation, climate change Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M. 2008. Agroforestri sebagai solusi mitigasi dan adaptasi pemanasan global: Pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang berkelanjutan dan fleksibel terhadap berbagai perubahan. In: van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K, Suhardi , Sabarnurdin S, Soedjalmo R, Sarma M and Suntoro ,eds. Bunga Rampai: Pendidikan agroforestri sebagai strategi menghadapi perubahan iklim global. Surakarta, Indonesia. : Fakultas Pertanian UNS Surakarta, The Indonesian Network for Agroforestry Education (INAFE), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). P. 13-41. GRP 5 1915 PO 173 PO0173-08 Predicting economic benefits from farming practices using the OLYMPE approach: A case from rubber agroforestry system in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Predicting economic benefits from farming practices using Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Suseno Budidarsono and Laxman Joshi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Wulan YC, Budidarsono S and Joshi L. Predicting economic benefits from farming practices using the OLYMPE approach: A case from rubber agroforestry system in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Predicting economic benefits from farming practices using. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1914 MN 39 MN0039-08 Primer on Tree Registration, Harvesting, Transport and Marketing Policies in Private Lands Leyte State University (LSU), DENR 8, Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional (AECI) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 2006 Department of Agroforestry College of Forestry and Natural Resources Leyte, Philippines 22 Philippines English Leyte State University (LSU), DENR 8 , Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional (AECI) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) . 2006. Primer on Tree Registration, Harvesting, Transport and Marketing Policies in Private Lands. Leyte, Philippines. Department of Agroforestry College of Forestry and Natural Resources. 22 p. 1913 LE 81 LE0081-08 Delia Catacutan 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Bukidnon, Philippines Philippines English GRP 4, GRP 6 1912 BC 276 BC0276-08 Keanekaragaman Hayati: Jasa Lingkungan Wanatani Karet Endri Martini Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yuliana L. Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 257-270 rubber agroforests, environmental services, bats, birds, dung beetle, trees Southeast Asia English Martini E. 2008. Keanekaragaman Hayati: Jasa Lingkungan Wanatani Karet. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian YL and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 257-270. GRP 2 1911 BC 275 BC0275-08 Keragaman Jenis Anakan Tumbuhan Berkayu pada Wanatani Karet: Pengaruh Umur dan Intensitas Manajemen Saida Rasnovi, Gregoire Vincent, Cecep Kusmana and Soekisman Tjitrosemito Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yuliana L. Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 239-256 agroforestry, plant diversity, rubber agroforest, tree sapling Southeast Asia Indonesian Rasnovi S, Vincent G, Kusmana C and Tjitrosemito S. 2008. Keragaman Jenis Anakan Tumbuhan Berkayu pada Wanatani Karet: Pengaruh Umur dan Intensitas Manajemen. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian YL and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 239-256. GRP 2 1910 BC 274 BC0274-08 Pengayaan Jenis Wanatani Karet dengan Meranti Hesti Tata Lestari, Meine van Noordwijk, Saida Rasnovi and Laxman Joshi Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yuliana L. Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 222-238 agroforestry, Dipterocarpaceae, enrichment planting, rubber agroforest, Sumatra Southeast Asia Indonesian Lestari HT, van Noordwijk M, Rasnovi S and Joshi L. 2008. Pengayaan Jenis Wanatani Karet dengan Meranti. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian YL and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 222-238. GRP 2 1909 BC 273 BC0273-08 Meningkatkan Produktivitas Karet Rakyat melalui Sistem Wanatani Ratna Akiefnawati, Gede Wibawa, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yuliana L. Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 206-221 rubber agroforestry system, rubber productivity, rubber clonal Southeast Asia Indonesian Akiefnawati R, Wibawa G, Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Meningkatkan Produktivitas Karet Rakyat melalui Sistem Wanatani. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian YL and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 206-221. GRP 2 1908 BC 272 BC0272-08 Sistem Sisipan: Pengetahuan Lokal dalam Wanatani Karet Laxman Joshi, Gerhard Manurung, Ratna Akiefnawati, Susilawati and Elok Mulyoutami Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yulia Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) ogor, Indonesia 83-100 Southeast Asia Indonesian Joshi L, Gerhard Manurung G, Akiefnawati R, Susilawati and Mulyoutami E. 2008. Sistem Sisipan: Pengetahuan Lokal dalam Wanatani Karet. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian Y and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. ogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 83-100. GRP 2 1907 BC 271 BC0271-08 Dinamika Tutupan Lahan Kabupaten Bungo, Jambi Andree Eka Dinata and Gregoire Vincent Hasantoha Adnan, Djuhendi Tadjudin, E. Linda Yuliani, Heru Komarudin, Dicky Lopulalan, Yuliana L. Siagian and Dani Wahyu Munggoro 2008 Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 53-62 land cover change, agroforest, forest transition, remote sensing, object-based classification, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Eka Dinata A and Vincent G. 2008. Dinamika Tutupan Lahan Kabupaten Bungo, Jambi. In: Adnan H, Tadjudin D, Yuliani EL, Komarudin H, Lopulalan D, Siagian YL and Munggoro DW,eds. Belajar dari Bungo: Mengelola Sumberdaya Alam di Era Desentralisasi. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 53-62. GRP 6 1906 PO 172 PO0172-08 Response of hydrological processes to land-use and climate changes: Case of Mountain Hydrology in Kejie Watershed, Southwest China Xing Ma, Xu Jianchu, Yi Luo and Shiv Prasad Aggarwal 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Kunming, China Given the complexity of hydrometeorological processes in mountain watersheds, determining impacts of land-use/climate changes on water sources is a challenge to researchers and policy makers. This study investigated the impacts of climate and land-use changes on hydrological processes and simulated the different land-use/ climate scenarios by applying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). China English Ma X, Xu Jianchu , Luo Y and Aggarwal SP. 2008. Response of hydrological processes to land-use and climate changes: Case of Mountain Hydrology in Kejie Watershed, Southwest China. Kunming, China. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 1905 PO 171 PO0171-08 Framework Species for Conservation and Development in Yunnan, Southwest China ICRAF China Program 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Kunming, China 1)Biodiversity hotspot-Yunnan has a globally significant proportion of rare and endemic species of plants and animals. An estimated 18000 plant species, representing 4.8% of the world?s botanical diversity, occur in Yunnan. Out of 335 China priority protected wild animals, Yunnan has 243 species, accounting for 72.5% of China?s total, 15% of which are species endemic to Yunnan. Over 5000 plant species are used by local people for food, fiber, dye, medicines, timber, oil, and other purpose. 2)Cultural diversity ? There are 25 ethnic nationalities representing over 50 linguistic groups, each with its own traditional knowledge of plants used in agriculture and forestry. In recent five years, ICRAF and Chinese scientists have applied Participatory Technology Development (PTD) to incorporate local botanical knowledge on medicinal plants into agroforestry system, thereby encourage ?civic science? in the Farmer Field School in the uplands of Yunnan. 3)Roof of Southeast Asia ?The area of Southwest China (Yunnan Province) is the source of headwaters and major tributaries leading into several major rivers which reach and have impact on the lives of more than 600 million people in Southeast Asia. The headwaters of the Yangtze, Salween, Irrawaddy, Mekong, Black, Red, and Pearl Rivers are located within this montane region. 4)Tree-based agroforestry landscape? Characterized by great bio-cultural diversity and geophysical complexity, Yunnan supports an exceptionally rich and dynamic agroforestry systems, for example, resin based (Pinus yunnanensis), lacquer based (Taxidodendron vernicifera), spice based (Zangthoxylum bungeanum), nut based (walnut, chestnut and pinenut), temperate fruit based, timber based (Cunninghamia lanceolata, Taiwania flousiana), ecological services (Alnus nepalensis) agroforestry along the Gaoligong Moutain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan. 5)China?s grain-for-green policy ? or ?Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP)? of converting steep cultivated land to forest and grassland is one of the most important initiatives to develop its mountain regions and support ecosystem service for downstream. It is an great opportunity for ICRAF to work together with Chinese scientists and governmental agencies by using right which ?appropriate? selection of ?framework species? on the basis of ?right trees or species for the right place? in mountain landscapes. 6)Framework tree species ? Those are indigenous, fast growing with dense spreading canopies which rapidly shade out weeds and provides habitats for wildlife. Over 50 endemic often rare and endangered with economic value have been selected and propagated in the nursery. A total of over 50,000 seedlings have been reproduced and transplanted in the two pilots. 7)Restoring forest ecosystem in buffer zones?The framework species approach for ecosystem restoration has been applied in Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve for buffer development with partnership of Baoshan Forestry Bureau. Participatory model of buffer zone management with active participation from local communities was developed. 8)Campaigns of local experts ? Local experts on forestry, agriculture, flora and fauna were identified. Small projects on ecosystem restoration and livelihood development have been successfully implemented together with local experts in collaboration with Yunnan Forestry Vocation al School and Baoshan Forestry Bureau in Yunnan. 9)Capacity building ? capacity building is key to long-term sustainability of project. Since 2005, the ICRAF have trained 12 forestry protection officers, many young students from vocational school, organized two study tours in Chiang Mai. The critical knowledge on research of species penology, seed storage and germination, propagation method etc. was the focus in the first training. The later program on other hand emphasized on data collection and analysis. 10)How to plant trees ? we attempt to disseminate the knowledge from the field to the school through developing field manual and curricula. Field manual for seed treatment and tree planting was developed for farmer. A text book titled ?How to Plate a Forest: Principle for forest restoration? has been translated into Chinese and adapted as undergraduate curricula by Yunnan Forest Vocational School. 11)Gene bank for tree genetic resources ? Besides in situ conservation of, local knowledge including biophysical and socio-economic information have been documented, specimen for more than 100 species have collected and genetic resources of framework species stored at Kunming Institute of Botany. 12)Policy support initiative ? March of 2007, we organized an International Workshop on Forest Restoration in Tengchong, Yunnan. A total of 83 participants including policy-makers from State Forest Administration, academics and NGO representatives from the regions actively participated in this workshop and highly appreciated the framework species approach. 13)Voice from Nature Reserve? ?As a forest guard (of nature reserve), it is tough job; as a female forester, it is tougher. However with support from ICRAF project, my job becomes enjoyable now. I take responsibility for monitoring species phenology and collecting specimen. It not only enriches my knowledge for conservation, but more significant, I try to apply my knowledge to help local communities, who used to be the ?enemy? of our nature reserve. Local communities help us forest restoration?. 14)Farmer?s voice ? ?We used to plant a lots of pine. Although pine grows fast, the price of timer drops. Framework species provides a lot of options for different species. It is good for our ecology and economy. Now, we plant many species?. 15)Rhododendron ? Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve is recognized as a global rhododendron conservation hotspot. There are more than a hundred of native species including Giant Rhododendron (R. protistum var. giganteum). 16)Camellia reticulata ? Native in Yunnan, Camdellia reticulata has been traditionally domesticated by local people for over a thousand of years. Many horticultural cultivars can be found from botanic garden all over the world. It is also widely cultivated as agroforestry model in local landscape for high valuable edible oil for local and international markets. China English ICRAF China Program. 2008. Framework Species for Conservation and Development in Yunnan, Southwest China. [Poster]. Kunming, China. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 6 1904 PP 254 PP0254-08 Sustainable trade and management of forest products and services in the COMESA region: an issue paper Anthony B. Cunningham, Laura German, Fiona Paumgarten, Miti Chikakula, Chris Barr, Krystof Obidzinski, Meine van Noordwijk, Ruben de Koning, Herry Purnomo, Thomas Yatich, Lisa Svensson, Abdalla Gaafar and Atie Puntodewo 2008 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 99 Southeast Asia English Cunningham AB, Cunningham AB, German L, Paumgarten F, Chikakula M, Barr C, Obidzinski K, van Noordwijk M, Koning Rd, Purnomo H, Yatich T, Svensson L, Gaafar A and Puntodewo A. 2008. Sustainable trade and management of forest products and services in the COMESA region: an issue paper. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). GRP 5 1903 PO 170 PO0170-08 Local Government Initiatives to Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study Of Albay, Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, Rafaela Jane Delfino and Pedro A Sanchez 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Lasco RD, Delfino R and Sanchez PA. 2008. Local Government Initiatives to Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study Of Albay, Philippines. [Poster]. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5 1902 PO 169 PO0169-08 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, Kristin Garcia and Roberta Gerpacio 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Garcia K and Gerpacio R. 2008. Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines. [Poster]. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. GRP 5 1901 WP 100 WP0100-08 Mainstreaming Climate Change in the Philippines Rodel D Lasco, FP Pulhin, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, KB Garcia and RV Gerpacio 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Los Banos, Philippines Working Paper no 62 23 The Philippines, as an archipelagic and developing country, is very vulnerable to climate change. Current efforts to address the impacts of climate change exist but may be insufficient. We tried to assess how far climate change has been mainstreamed into key development plans and programs such as the Medium Term Development Plan. Interviews with key informants were also conducted. Results show that climate change has not been mainstreamed in the Philippines. All the major development plans and policies reviewed did not contain any reference to climate change adaptation. The results of interviews with key stakeholders show similar trend. The reasons that hinder climate change mainstreaming are: 1.) national priorities are biased towards more pressing concerns and 2.) pervasive lack of awareness on the impacts of climate change to sustainable development. However, there are massive investments on infrastructure projects designed to adapt to climate-related hazards. These projects could provide an entry point in integrating climate change adaptation into national programs and policies. climate change, adaptation, mainstreaming, development, Philippines Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin F, Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Garcia K and Gerpacio R. 2008. Mainstreaming Climate Change in the Philippines. Working Paper no 62. Los Banos, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 23 p. GRP 5 1900 TD 150 TD0150-08 Potential of timber based hedgerow intercropping for smallholder agroforestry on degraded soils in the humid tropics of Southeast Asia Agustin Mercado Jr 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines 238 PhD Thesis Philippines English Mercado Jr A. 2007. Potential of timber based hedgerow intercropping for smallholder agroforestry on degraded soils in the humid tropics of Southeast Asia. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 238 p. 1899 PO 168 PO0168-08 Removing from the RED list: landscape management targets for biodiversity conservation: a method development Grace B.Villamor, Ruth Grace Ambal, Charlotte Boyd, Thomas Brooks, Oliver Coroza, Naamal De Silva, Melizar Duya, Rodel D Lasco, Goetz Schroth and Karl L. Villegas 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Villamor GB, Ambal RG, Boyd C, Brooks T, Coroza O, De Silva N, Duya M, Lasco RD, Schroth G and Villegas KL. Removing from the RED list: landscape management targets for biodiversity conservation: a method development. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2008. GRP 5 1898 PO 167 PO0167-08 The Policy Environment of Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders? Delia Catacutan and Caroline Duque-Piñon 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines In the Philippines, using agriculture as a basis for rapid economic growth requires both productivity revolution in smallholder farming and innovative policies and political commitment. An important aspect of this development has to do with expanding technical options that are adapted to the ecological potential of the area and to changing economic patterns, drawing on existing technologies in the short term and introducing new practices and technologies in the longer term. Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) is a viable farming system in the uplands; however, its viability is constrained by various factors, including farmers? inability to invest in the system, inadequate institutional structures for facilitating information flow, and lack of market incentives. Policy incentives are thus needed to stimulate smallholder investments in VAF system. This paper reports on the scoping study of the policy environment of VAF system. The study found that at least in theory, the policy environment is supportive of VAF system, but is insufficient in stimulating smallholder investments. Incentives for smallholders, albeit limited exist; correspondingly, disincentives persist. Large holders tend to benefit more from national level policies than smallholders, because the former have more access to policy information and can leverage the associated costs of policy implementation. It is recognized that some issues are better resolved through national-level policies, while a number of issues are better addressed by locally-formulated policies. For the vegetable sector, issues on price regulation and control, commodity protection, reducing costs across the market value chain, non-tariff barriers, and global trade require national-level policy interventions. For the tree sector, issues regarding restrictive policies, transaction costs, land tenure and resource rights, and domestic and international market incentives are also to be addressed through national-level policies. At the local level, promoting smallholder investments in VAF system requires decisive policy action in terms of improving the effectiveness of the extension system, with emphasis on improved technology provision and support for market linkages and infrastructure. Where national-level policies do not effectively address the needs of smallholders, locally-crafted policies are needed to offset this gap. Policy linkages between national and local levels need to be established, and policymakers need to mobilize adequate responses at both levels. Finally, the viability of VAF system depends on a whole set of policy environment that government can provide. It is therefore a political imperative. Agroforestry, incentives, smallholders, policy instruments Presented at the SANREM CRSP Annual Meeting, Los Baños, Philippines, 26-29 May 2008 Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque CE. The Policy Environment of Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAF) System in the Philippines: Are there incentives for smallholders?. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1897 PO 166 PO0166-08 Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry for Higher Productivity in Thailand Buncha Somboonsuke, Pramoth Kheowvongsri and Laxman Joshi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Thailand is the largest producer of natural rubber (NR) in the world; most (93%) of the rubber in the country is produced by smallholder farmers. Rubber agroforestry is commonly practiced and involves mixing rubber with other food, fruit and timber crops. The practice increases farm household income and also in line with the current policy of promoting biodiversity in rubber plantations. A study, through questionnaire survey, was carried out to examine the economic performance of existing mixed systems and to identify possible strategic development in future. The main food crops grown with rubber are pineapple, rice, maize and vegetables grown during the initial unproductive period of rubber, i.e. up to 3 years. In the fruit mixed system, guava, durian, Salacca, Gnetum, mangosteen and Longkong are mixed with rubber. Timber species such as Neem and Teak are also commonly planted in rubber plantations. In the Thailand context rubber with pineapple has the highest economic return but it requires more farm. Rubber-banana mixture is also very profitable. Rubber-chilli combination is less efficient due to diseases and intensive management required. Among rubber-fruit combinations, rubber-Salacca showed the highest net income but requires more farm input. Guava and Gnetum mixtures are also profitable due to low cost of production and management. Smallholder farmers practicing mixed farming were generally satisfied with their systems; but many wanted higher income and ability to save more. Regarding increasing profitability from mixed systems, it is suggested that the Thai government should assist with (1) credit and price insurance; (2) training and technology for disease and pest control; and (3) improved transportation system. A system of labour sharing will reduce acute labor shortage during peak seasons while strengthened farmer institutions may help in negotiation for better price of rubber and other commodities. Southeast Asia English Somboonsuke B, Kheowvongsri P and Joshi L. Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry for Higher Productivity in Thailand. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 3, GRP 2 1896 PO 165 PO0165-08 Economic Prospects for Rubber-Timber Production in Smallholder Rubber Plantations in Southern Thailand Adrián Monge 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia A study was carried to investigate the economic effect of timber value on rubber monoculture systems, particularly in traditional rubber production regions. Both existing secondary data and new primary data for questionnaire surveys (plantations and timber dealers) were compiled and analysed. The Faustmann concept of infinite rotations was used to maximise net present value (NPV). From all rubber production systems, rubber monoculture is the most disadvantaged due to its sensitivity to change in latex price, high labour requirements and smaller farm size. Rubber monoculture is attractive during times of high latex and timber prices, particularly in traditional rubber production areas where price distortions are small. An optimal rotation for rubber plantations is calculated taking into account the revenue generated from latex and stumpage price. Expected stumpage price, obtained from a linear model, is combined with normal cash flows from a rubber plantation to estimate a rotation length that maximises the NPV for smallholdings. The value of timber reduces optimal rotation from 26 to 21 years. Planted area, basal area nor latex price have a strong effect on the optimal rotation for smallholdings, harvesting age stays close to 21 years with small changes on NPV. The large revenue generated by timber seems to be the reason for the stable optimal rotation. The elasticity of the stumpage prices model indicates that basal area is twice more important than total planted area at the moment to estimate timber value. This is particularly important for smallholdings that would find difficult to increase planted area, but could increase basal area by using improved latex-timber clones. Improved latex-timber clones will have an important effect on smallholding welfare. Good silvicultural practice can also improve timber production. Regions around strong rubber markets and with significant quantities of sawmills would be very attractive from an economic point of view. The planting subsidy, paid through the Office of Rubber Replanting Aid Fund (ORRAF) has a positive affect on NPV and reduces optimal rotation in some cases. However, its relative importance decreases as latex and timber prices increase. ORRAF needs to reassess the subsidy program taking rubber timber into account. The MSc research (University of Helsinki, Finland) was a part of the project ?Improving the productivity of rubber smallholdings through rubber agroforestry systems in Indonesia and Thailand?, financed by the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) and coordinated by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Southeast Asia English Monge A. Economic Prospects for Rubber-Timber Production in Smallholder Rubber Plantations in Southern Thailand. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 3, GRP 2 1895 PO 164 PO0164-08 Timber-based Agroforestry Options for Upland Farmers on Degraded Soils in the Philippines Fernando Santos Martin 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Martin FS. Timber-based Agroforestry Options for Upland Farmers on Degraded Soils in the Philippines. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5, GRP 6 1894 PO 163 PO0163-08 Deforestation or Climate Change: What is changing the flow regime of the Way Besai? Bruno Verbist and Rudy Harto Widodo 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ?Deforestation? is often perceived to be the cause of loss of watershed functions. The strong association of ?forest? and ?water? in public perception has very frequently led to conflicts when forest areas were converted to other productive systems. The Way Besai watershed (Sumberjaya) is an example of this, where conversion of forest to coffee gardens on slopes was considered to have led to a reduction of discharge of the Way Besai river, a reducing functionality of the Hydropower plant. This reduced discharge is, in public discourse, attributed to past deforestation and catchment degradation. While the earlier policies of evictions by the Department of Forestry were based on this perception, environmental activists still claim that under-performance of the hydropower schemes of Batutegi (2 X 14 MW) and Way Besai (2 X 45 MW) are due to deforestation of catchment areas, causing shortfalls in the electric power crisis in Lampung province (Oyos Saroso, 2004). By analysis of the long term data records of flow of the Way Besai and rainfall in the area, we explored the possible role of land use change in the catchment versus the alternative explanation of variability (and/or trends) in rainfall as cause of changes in flow. The IHACRES model is a parsimonious (?few-parameter?) model that has been fitted to data sets derived in various climatic conditions (Croke et al., 2004). Model fits were obtained on the basis of the daily rainfall and discharge data for the1975 ? 2007 period. Model parameter sets were derived for each consecutive 3-year period to expose the model to some inter-seasonal variability. All these models were then used on the rainfall data for the whole period 1975-2007. Model parameters for 1975-8 reflect a time that the catchment had 63% forest cover, the model parameters for the last few years a condition with only 13% forest. The results of IHACRES model showed that the impact of annual variation in rainfall on discharge is a factor 4 larger than the possible effects of land use change. The changes in overall catchment hydrology are non-linear with time and may reflect a recovery of vegetation other than ?forest?. In the public debate, variation and changes in rainfall pattern are insufficiently recognised as major driver of changes in discharge patterns. Southeast Asia English Verbist B and Harto Widodo R. Deforestation or Climate Change: What is changing the flow regime of the Way Besai?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5 1893 PO 162 PO0162-08 Efficient, fair and sustainable: can REDD be all three? Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Reducing Emissions from Deforestation (and Degradation) in Developing countries (REDD) is a target with the potential to reduce (halve?) the 18% of net greenhouse gas emissions that is due to land use change in the tropics. It thus deserves considerable attention. However, there were good reasons in previous rounds of the discussions in the Kyoto protocol to avoid the issue, as questions on additionality, leakage and permanence make it nearly impossible to implement REDD at pilot scale. It will require assessment and design for large areas, providing livelihood alternatives, dealing with direct drivers of deforestation, and providing good data quality on changes in emissions compared to an agreed baseline. ICRAF joined a team of international and national consultants to the Government of Indonesia in the Indonesian Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) in 2007 to explore the issue. In applying the realistic/conditional/voluntary/pro-poor framework, a major dilemma was identified in the ?efficiency? versus ?fairness? tradeoff. If all attention and investment will go to the situations with the largest emission reduction per $ invested, the focus will likely be the current hot spots. The lack of attention to other situations (countries, provinces) where forest is effectively protected, will provide a ?perverse incentive? to increase the level of threat there. If on the other hand, the focus is on a ?fair? level of reward for the active and actual guardians of forests, little ?efficiency? can be shown. There are some ways to reduce this dilemma, but we first of all need recognition that short as well as long term efficiency will have to be secured, and that benefits will have to be spread across the CREDD value chain. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. Efficient, fair and sustainable: can REDD be all three?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5 1892 PO 161 PO0161-08 Floods, Forests and People: dissecting the triangle Albert I.J.M. van Dijk, Meine van Noordwijk, Ian R. Calder, Sampurno Bruijnzeel, Jaap Schellekens, Nick A. Chappell, James Smyle and Bruce Aylward 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In a recent paper in Global Change Biology Bradshaw and colleagues analyse country statistics on flood characteristics, land cover and land cover change and conclude that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world. The study addresses an important and long-standing question, but we identify important flaws. Principal among these are difficulties in interpreting country statistics and the correlation between population and floods. We review current knowledge, which suggests that the removal of trees does not affect flood events, although associated landscape changes can under some circumstances. Reanalysis of the data analysed by Bradshaw and colleagues suggests that population density explains the variation in flood occurrences better than deforestation, and feasible explanations are for such a statistical finding are not difficult to conceive. We therefore consider the conclusion of Bradshaw and colleagues to be unsupported. Their paper is a valuable first step to show how these or similar flood data might be used to further explore the relationship between land cover and flooding however. Southeast Asia English van Dijk AI, van Noordwijk M, Calder IR, Bruijnzeel S, Schellekens J, Chappell NA, Smyle J and Aylward B. Floods, Forests and People: dissecting the triangle. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1891 PO 160 PO0160-08 Water Status and Radiation Environment in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Systems: A comparison between monoculture and mixed rubber-Acacia mangium plots Ni'matul Khasanah, Thomas Wijaya, Gregoire Vincent and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Interplanting of Acacia mangium within Hevea brasiliensis plot may be an attractive option for smallholder rubber farmers in the tropics to increase their land productivity. Indeed, the economic prospects for timber is good as timber resource in natural forest has become severely depleted and particularly so in Sumatra where this study is conducted. A. mangium being a very fast growing tree species, careful timing and management of A. mangium is probably required to reduce light competition with rubber trees. Furthermore a large portion of rubber planted area in Indonesia is subject to two or more dry months during which rubber may shed its leaves and stop its growth. Competition for water use between tree species in periods of low rainfall may be another constraint to growth of the rubber tree. This study compares a series of growth and physiological parameters measured on rubber trees grown either in monoculture (6 x 3.3 m and 6 x 2 x 14 m) or associated with A. mangium (3 x 3 x 17 m). In the fifth year after plot establishment, variation in the growth of rubber was analyzed in relation to leaf water potential (LWP), light interception by canopy and light use efficiency (LUE). LWP was used as an indicator of plant water status, but also as indicator of competitive strength. Pre-dawn LWP of rubber and A. mangium shows significant differences between rainy and dry season. LWP of rubber under different systems studied does not show any consistent difference. However, the girth of rubber trees grown, light intercepted and LUE of rainy season in mixed systems with A. mangium was significantly smaller. Thus, the net effect of A. mangium on depressing rubber growth is likely to be primarily caused by shading. Intercepted of light of A. mangium under different systems study almost the same, however, LUE of A. mangium monoculture during rainy season is significantly higher than A. mangium associated with H. brasiliensis. Thus, without any management such as pruning or careful timing of planting of A. mangium, planting A. mangium and H. brasiliensis on the same plot would be disadvantageous. Southeast Asia English Khasanah N, Wijaya T, Vincent G and van Noordwijk M. Water Status and Radiation Environment in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Systems: A comparison between monoculture and mixed rubber-Acacia mangium plots. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1890 PO 159 PO0159-08 Livelihoods and poverty in coastal and inland parts of Aceh Suseno Budidarsono, Yuliana Cahya Wulan and Laxman Joshi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Three years have passed since the notorious earth--quake and tsunami of December 2004. The earthquake and tsunami occurred in a province that was already experiencing prolonged violent conflict. Throughout the province, and particularly in rural areas, infrastructure sustained serious damage and further deteriorated because the security situation made maintenance difficult or impossible. The study was designed to get a quick insight into the socio-economic conditions and forest resources of Aceh and Nias Island through consultation, detailed household surveys and rapid appraisal techniques. Rural livelihoods in Aceh and Nias are essentially based on three resources: fisheries; paddy cultivation (and some dry-land crops grown in rotation); and tree crops. The relative importance of these three varies with landscape position; fishing for people living near the coast, rice cultivation in river valleys, tree crops both in the coastal and inland areas (rubber, cacao, coconut, pinang palms, fruit trees) and peat domes (sago palms, rubber, some conversion to oil palm). In general, the tree crop plantations in the study sites cultivated by self supporting systems without recommended technology. The farmers do not have convenient access to productivity-enhancing inputs or information and technologies associated with their use, and are not well informed about the full market potential of their products. People in the coastal areas are better off than those living further inland. The highest income per capita is in the coastal area of Pidie (IDR 6.86 million). However, the difference between the two zones in Pidie is very wide, reflecting a very high income from tambak cultivation in the coastal area. Per capita income was lowest in Nias. There appears to be an unequal distribution of land holdings in the study area with 20% households controlling about 57% of the total land the bottom 60% of the households owning only 22% of the total land. The capacity of coastal ecosystems to regenerate after disasters and to continue to produce resources and services for human livelihoods can no longer be taken for granted. Socio-ecological resilience must be understood at a broader scale and actively managed and nurtured. Incentives for generating ecological knowledge and translating this into information that can be used in governance are essential. Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S, Wulan YC and Joshi L. Livelihoods and poverty in coastal and inland parts of Aceh. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1889 PO 158 PO0158-08 A Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS) for Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA) Laxman Joshi, Nurhariyanto, Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo, Endri Martini and Diah Wulandari 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia As diversity of fauna and flora in the landscape is disappearing with natural forests around the world, efforts to save biodiversity have increased over the years. Many man-managed systems (e.g. jungle rubber) are becoming increasingly important as biodiversity reservoirs. Different mechanisms of ?payment for environmental services? or PES are being developed that aim to ?reward? local people for their contribution to conservation practice. The Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal or RABA (Kuncoro et al. 2006) approach was developed as an analytical framework to identify the information necessary for providers and beneficiaries of biodiversity protection in order to engage in environmental service agreements. While the approach deals well with the perspectives of both the sellers and the potential buyers of conservation services, the approach does not include a ?rapid? assessment of existing biodiversity in the target are. The assumption that biodiversity data for potential sites are available is not always correct and even when data is available, these tend to be outdates. As time, resources and expertise required for comprehensive inventory of flora and fauna are often limited; one often has to resort to short-cut checks, using selected indicators of biodiversity, for reasonably good indication of existing biodiversity. The Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS), under development, is a combination of quick inventories of plants, birds, beetles, bats, primates and mammals adapted for rapid checking of these ?visible? biodiversity. The plants and animal groups are surveyed in sample points, at every 100 metres along 1-2 km transects. Some biophysical measurements such as temperature of soil and air, soil pH, humidity, seasonal rainfall, distance from village and human population are also recorded. Generally, the field work takes about two weeks, followed by another two weeks of analysis and interpretation. The QBS method is currently under test in a range of agro-ecosystems in Indonesia. Further refinement and fine-tuning should be possible based on context and need. Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Nurhariyanto , Prasetyo PN, Martini E and Wulandari D. A Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS) for Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal (RABA). Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1888 PO 157 PO0157-08 Bats as environmental service providers in Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo, Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The bat study was carried out in May-June 2005 and in December 2007 with an improved rapid approach. The survey was carried out to cover all 5 major land use systems in Bungo, Jambi in Indonesia - primary forest, disturbed or logged-over forest, old rubber agroforest, young rubber plantation and mixed garden. A standardized mist-netting was used to trap bats. Each land use system was sampled for 3 days using 4 mist-nets in the evening and at night. A total of 235 individual bats, consisting of 18 species from 5 families (Pteropodidae, Vespertilonidae, Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae) were trapped and identified. Calculation results using the diversity index indicates that the highest diversity was in old rubber agroforests (H? = 1.079) and the lowest was in young rubber and primary forest (H? = 0.602). The highest dominancy was found in the young rubber plantations and primary forests (? = 0.25). Old rubber agroforest had the lowest dominancy (? = 0.083). Cynopterus brachyotis was the most dominant species in young rubber plantations. Bat species in primary forests were different from bats in other land use systems. Several species, e.g. Chironax melanochepalos, were found only in primary forests. The results of clustering analysis using MVSP 3.1 with ?furthest neighbour? and ?Euclidean distance? showed that bat habitat types can be divided into 3 main clusters - primary forest, old rubber agroforest and ?non forest? group that includes logged-over disturbed forest, young rubber plantation and mix gardens. From a ?bat? perspective, primary forest and ?non forest? group are distinctly different habitats; while old rubber agroforests have some similarity to primary forests. Old rubber agroforests may provide an alternative habitat for bats where primary forests are disappearing, except for some forest-specific bats. Southeast Asia English Prasetyo PN, Joshi L and Martini E. Bats as environmental service providers in Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1887 PO 156 PO0156-08 Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA): A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) Meine van Noordwijk and Diah Wulandari 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The negotiation support systems (NSS) approach that ICRAF developed in SE Asia requires tools or instruments for rapid appraisal of the site specific form of general problems and issues. The TUL-SEA project will further develop the ?toolbox? containing Participatory Landscape Appraisal (PALA), Rapid appraisal of tenure claims (RATA), market (RMA), hydrology (RHA), agrobiodiversity (RABA) and carbon stocks (RaCSA). It will also test and further develop the simulation models for scenario analysis of landscape-level impacts of changes in market access (FALLOW) or agroforestry technology (WaNuLCAS). These tools may be used by local resource managers or national institutions to appraise the likely impacts of new technologies and changes in market access and to support evidence-based negotiations of contentious issues. Therefore, ICRAF is managing the Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA) project to bridge perception gaps between stakeholders (local, public/policy and scientific knowledge paradigms), increase recognition and respect for these multiple knowledge systems, provide quantification of tradeoffs between economic and environmental impacts at landscape scale, and enable joint analysis of plausible scenarios based on available data and information. The activities of TULSEA Project are divided into 4 working packages (WP), there are WP1 for improving the tools from existing generic tools and methods, WP2 for capacity building, WP3 for site testing of the tools and WP4 for synthesis. The project may be able to improved land use practices contribute to increased and sustained productivity and conservation, reduced conflicts and equitable use of land, water and forest resources in multi-use landscapes with trees while the income of smallholder producers is increased through research relevant to major high value fruit and other tree production systems. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Wulandari D. Trees in multi-Use Landscapes in Southeast Asia (TULSEA): A negotiation support toolbox for Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM). Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1886 PO 155 PO0155-08 Nurseries of excellence in Aceh: Foundation Germplasm for Agroforestry Systems Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Nazar Idris, Anang Setiawan, Andi Prahmono, Teuku Zulfadhli, Mulus Suriana, Mahyudin, Amang Yudi Kisworo and Haris Arifianto Hidayat 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The Rehabilitation of Agricultural Systems in Aceh ? Developing Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program is implemented by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) with assistance from Winrock International and local partners, through support from the Government of Canada as represented by the Minister of International Cooperation, acting through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The objective of the Project is to empower smallholder farmers (both men and women) to gain access to high quality planting materials and provide them with the skills necessary to establish and operate agroforestry tree nurseries. Participants will range from individual smallholders and community groups wanting to improve their livelihoods and rehabilitate their lands by growing more productive tree crops, to families or small groups who are motivated to establish local commercial nursery operations. The purpose of the Project is to rebuild and strengthen farmers? livelihoods and rehabilitate their lands by growing more productive tree crops. Since April 2007, the success and achievement of the NOEL Program has been excellent. As of December 2007, 31 nursery training courses have been conducted, training 850 partners; another 270 partners have received additional informal training. Overall, 27% of trainees are female. These capacity building efforts have resulted in the establishment of 39 nurseries of excellence of various sizes with a stocking of over 750,000 quality seedlings. A market study for smallholder agroforestry products was completed and 6 student research studies have been initiated. Enthusiasm for the Program is high among by partners and stakeholders. Southeast Asia English Purnomosidhi P, Roshetko JM, Idris N, Setiawan A, Prahmono A, Zulfadhli T, Suriana M, Mahyudin , Kisworo AY and Hidayat HA. Nurseries of excellence in Aceh: Foundation Germplasm for Agroforestry Systems. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 1, GRP 2 1885 PO 154 PO0154-08 The Dark Side of SExI-FS: Tree Roots as Landslide Anchor Degi Harja, Erwin Ismu Wisnubroto, Veronika Kurniasari, Kurniatun Hairiah and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Harja D, Wisnubroto EI, Kurniasari V, Hairiah K and van Noordwijk M. The Dark Side of SExI-FS: Tree Roots as Landslide Anchor. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1884 PO 153 PO0153-08 Rudy Harto Widodo and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Floods and droughts tend to be attributed to ?deforestation? in the public debate, but they may also be a reflection of ?climate change?. Real change in the hydrological response of a watershed to actual rainfall may be due to: 1) changes in interception and water use by the vegetation, 2) soil compaction shifting ?interflow? to ?overland flow?, 3) soil degradation that reduces the recharge of groundwater reserves and associated dry season flows and/or 4) changes in the water storage capacity of the landscape. There are different implications for downstream water users and for possible corrective actions. But so far the diagnostic tools are limited. We tested a simple technique to analyze data on cumulative river flow (discharge) in relation to cumulative rainfall and applied it to data sets from catchments that experienced large shifts in forest cover, in different climatic zones. The three basic pathways for water to reach the river are 1) directly by overlandflow (within minutes of the rainfall event), 2) through ?Interflow? or ?Soilquickflow? (usually within one day) and via (deep) groundwater flows, taking longer time. After a dry period the landscape has ?storage capacity? for water. If the landscape becomes saturated with water, all incoming water is passed on to the river. If we see a break in the relationship between rainfall and discharge we can conclude that this saturation point is reached. Changes in total water use by the vegetation affect the annual discharge per unit rainfall, If soil compaction is the primary ?degradation? process, the sharper peaks in the hydrograph after a break point? in the line which indicates the storage limited during rainy season. If surface compaction is the primary issue, high runoff is expected at any part of the rainy season, without differentiation during rainy season. The relationship could be derived by the following step: 1.Records of daily river flow during at least one full hydrological year and daily rainfall records for the same year, derived from the catchment 2.List rainfall and river flow in a spreadsheet for all days of the year. For an absolute interpretation of the discharge fraction, river flow data will have to be related to the catchment area and expressed in mm/day, as are rainfall data; 3.Derive a cumulative form of the rainfall and riverflow data, and construct a graph as shown in figure1 4.Plot another years of data, to detect the change of river flow compare with the previous years Southeast Asia English GRP 4, GRP 6 1883 PO 152 PO0152-08 Plant diversity in the Simpukng system in East Kalimantan Elok Mulyoutami, Ratna Rismawan and Laxman Joshi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Simpukng are forest or fruit gardens that are common among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan. These Simpukng develop from secondary forests, generally planted with valuable species of fruits, rattan, bamboo, timber and other desirable species. The structure and complexity of simpukng resemble natural wild forests. Most simpukng are ?owned? by families and individual members maintain access to them. Some are managed on a communal basis. Individually controlled simpukng are inherited by children after the death of the owner. Complex customary Dayak rules exist that control the use and inheritance of these simpukng thus avoiding the over-exploitation of resources in these simpukng. Simpukng are managed agroforests and the intensity of management (primarily weeding, pruning and cleaning operations) varies with the type and value of products harvested. Although men do the more heavy work of regular cleaning, women are active in the seed selection, planting, harvesting and processing of products. Simpukng provide a range of products ? both for household consumption and sale - fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, honey, rattan, bamboos, and timber. Some products are essential for performing certain rituals and ceremonies in Dayak societies. Knowledge about the valuable plants, their habitat inside simpukng, necessary management and use is relatively rich and utilitarian among the Dayak communities. Southeast Asia English Mulyoutami E, Rismawan R and Joshi L. Plant diversity in the Simpukng system in East Kalimantan. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1882 PO 151 PO0151-08 RAS-3: The Conversion of Degraded Imperata Grassland to Productive Rubber Agroforest in West Kalimantan Elok Mulyoutami, Ilahang, Diah Wulandari, Laxman Joshi, Gede Wibawa and Eric Penot 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Imperata grassland already covers large areas of West Kalimantan with little production function. Trials of rehabilitation of Imperata land for planting para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) indicate that this is possible with limited resource (labour including) input. These rubber agroforests can not only increase farmer income, but also provide better environmental services than from Imperata covered land. The RAS-3 on-farm trial in West Kalimantan, was a part of the large network of rubber agroforestry systems in Indonesia. Annual crops (rice, chilli, vegetables) are grown in the first year only, with non-vine cover crops grown immediately after the rice harvest (Mucuna, Flemingia, Crotalaria, Setaria and Chromolaena) or multipurpose trees (such as Gliricidia), or fast growing trees (FGT) produced for pulpwood (Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea). Shading from these trees suppresses Imperata growth. Potential of cover crops to suppress Imperata growth varied between species. Pueraria, a creeping legume was the most effective suppressor of Imperata; Mucuna also performed well but both required regular ?weeding? to avoid their vines strangling young rubber trees. Among the erect legumes Flemingia proved better, but Crotalaria proved ineffective. Rubber trees in control plots (without cover crops) had the slowest growth. The FGT trials in Trimulya village showed that all FGTs were only partly successful in controlling Imperata regrowth. Rubber growth in FGT mixed plots was better than in Imperata or Chromolaena infested plots, this was far behind the rubber growth in plots with legume crops. The time for rubber trees to reach tapping size was prolonged by more than a year compared to those in LCC (Pueraria and Mucuna) plots. The FGTs, particularly Acacia, grew rapidly and affected rubber trees in the first years; hence farmers cut down all remaining FGTs in the third year. Pueraria and Mucuna are effective in controlling Imperata, however these require periodic ?weeding? to prevent strangling of rubber plants. Seeds of Pueraria and Flemingia are unavailable locally and Mucuna requires repeated planting. FGTs are a potential income source in future and they can suppress Imperata. To avoid the impact of their aggressiveness (particularly of Acacia), they may be planted 2-3 years after planting rubber; Pueraria and Mucuna can be incorporated in these first few years. Southeast Asia English Mulyoutami E, Ilahang , Wulandari D, Joshi L, Wibawa G and Penot E. RAS-3: The Conversion of Degraded Imperata Grassland to Productive Rubber Agroforest in West Kalimantan. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1881 PO 150 PO0150-08 Medicinal Plants under Rubber Agroforestry System in West Kalimantan Budi, Bina Swasta Sitepu and Laxman Joshi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Rural communities normally depend on nearby forests for local fruits, resin, rattan, leather and plants of medicinal value. In West Kalimantan, Indonesia, demand for local medicinal plants has increased since 1999 (Pontianak Post, 2002). Medicinal plants are harvested from natural forests, upland rice fields, rubber gardens and home gardens. As natural forests gradually disappear from the landscape, managed gardens and agroforests become the major source of medicinal plants. An earlier inventory recorded 137 plant species of medicinal value (Rosnani, 1996). The remains high. A recently conducted study of naturally regenerating medicinal plants under improved in Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS), currently promoted by ICRAF and partners, highlights their potential role in conservation of diversity of medicinal value. The study was conducted in four villages (Engkayuk, Senunuk, Embaong and Pana) of Sanggau District, West Kalimantan in Indonesia in May-June 2005. A detailed survey of naturally growing plant species of medical value was conducted in farmers rubber agroforests (188 plots), established with ICRAF promoted technology. Key informants in the study villages were consulted for their knowledge of these plant species. A total of 76 species of seedlings and ground vegetation that have medical value were recoded during the survey; while 13 species at sapling stage were counted. These plants are used in treatment of human health problems such as malaria, fever, muscle stiffness, external wound and ulceration. The highest number of medicinal plants was found in Pana village - 37 species of seedlings and ground vegetation and 8 species of sapling size. In Senunuk village, the regrowth vegetation under RAS-1 are dominated by Imperata cylindrica, Vitex pinnata and others herbs. The diversity of medicinal plant under rubber agroforestry system is influenced by previous vegetation, vegetation richness in surrounding areas, age of plot and the management intensity plot. Data analysis showed that Embaong village has the highest density of medicinal plants - 36295 plants/ha (from 19 species), and this was independent of the number of species in the plot. Although plant species abundance was highest in Pana village (37 species), the plant density was slightly lower (20917 plants/ha). Southeast Asia English Budi, Sitepu BS and Joshi L. Medicinal Plants under Rubber Agroforestry System in West Kalimantan. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1880 PO 149 PO0149-08 Rewards for, Use of and Shared Investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services, (RUPES) Second phase Beria Leimona and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia RUPES-I had been successful in effectively advocating for the concept of pro-poor rewards for environmental services and have significant achievements in pilot schemes involving rewards on a localised basis for watershed-related environmental services. It developed tools for the rapid assessment of the links between land use and environmental values, supported the development of national Technical Committees (TECs) in Indonesia, Philippines and Sri Lanka as advocates for policy change, and not limitedly, generated a significant volume of high quality publications, organising workshops and other events. The IFAD evaluation of RUPES-I recommended a phase 2 (RUPES-II) that would build on Phase 1 successes, consolidate its gains, and reach out to additional partners for widespread adoption. RUPES-II will seek to meet its goal through five interrelated outcomes: national policy framework; international and national buyer and investor engagement; environmental services intermediaries enabled; innovation in effective, efficient and pro-poor RES mechanisms; mainstream RES into rural development initiatives. RUPES-II will continue the work of RUPES-I in researching and developing new approaches to RES and widen its partnership across Asia. Southeast Asia English Leimona B and van Noordwijk M. Rewards for, Use of and Shared Investment in Pro-poor Environmental Services, (RUPES) Second phase. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. 1879 PO 148 PO0148-08 Shifting the paradigm of ectomycorrhiza as constraint to dipterocarp enrichment planting in Sumatra Tata Hesti Lestari, Meine van Noordwijk and Marinus J.A. Werger 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Farmer-managed rubber agroforest (RAF) have become a major reservoir of forest biodiversity and other forest services valued in natural forest. Species richness of seedling and sapling stage in RAF was as high as that was in forest; on the contrary species richness of the tree stage in the forest was significantly higher than that was in RAF, as evidence of farmer managed agro-ecosystems by selective culling of ?poles? and young trees. Enrichment planting with dipterocarp trees is emerging as an option for landscape restoration, but its use is constrained by finding ectomycorrhiza (EcM) partner for dipterocarp seedlings. Earlier study in Kalimantan showed that EcM fungi are sensitive to land cover change, particularly to open soil. As consequence, EcM inoculation in nursery stage seedlings is essential in forest regeneration. In contrast, evidence from EcM inoculum potential study in Jambi site showed that EcM inoculums survive in the long term Imperata grassland. Additionally, heating soil at 150 oC for 3 hours did not eliminate EcM inoculum in the soils. The possible explanation is that those EcM fungi were either very persistent species or a very efficient dispersal mechanism. Basidiomycetes fungi forming EcM, such as Russula, were commonly encountered in mixed dipterocarp forest. It is widely known that Dipterocarp species has a high specificity of tree - fungal relationship, since dipterocarp seeds easily germinate under a mother tree. However, experiment on Shorea out-planting in many treatments and situation showed that five morphotypes of EcM persists in the soils, which may be associated with different group of fungi. Internal transcribe spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA of Shorea roots suggests host trees colonized by EcM and root endophyte fungi from Basidiomyetes and Ascomycetes groups. In contrast to many reports that mycorrhiza essential for nutrient (especially P) uptake, our result showed that inoculation of Shorea seedlings with EcM fungus, e.g. Scleroderma columnare, in nursery stage did not increase N and P total uptake. Inoculation of EcM significantly influenced seedlings early survival, which suggest avoidance of root-born disease as main benefit. Regarding fungal diversity, we found less evidence on critical loss ecosystem function in agricultural landscape, such as RAF and Imperata grassland. This may be weakening conservation argument; nevertheless this challenges reforestation and agro-reforestation effort. Planting timber is not necessarily requires specialized nursery and technology. biodiversity, conservation, Scleroderma columnare, Shorea, rubber agroforest Southeast Asia English Lestari TH, van Noordwijk M and Werger MJ. Shifting the paradigm of ectomycorrhiza as constraint to dipterocarp enrichment planting in Sumatra. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 1, GRP 3, GRP 5 1878 PO 147 PO0147-08 Economic and Environmental Challenges in the post-Tsunami Post-Conflict Coast Land and Upland in Aceh and Nias Laxman Joshi, Suseno Budidarsono and Ery Nugraha 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Aceh remains one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia despite its rich natural resources. There is much disparity in the poverty of people living in the coastal areas and those living further upland. The December 2004 earthquake and tsunami occurred in a province that was already experiencing political conflict, large-scale disaster, and damage. Most of the aid money from national and international agencies was spent on the narrow strips of coastal areas that were directly affected by the Tsunami waves. An extensive survey for situational analysis was conducted in June-August 2007 along coastal and upland areas in three locations - accessible East Aceh with strong conflict history, less accessible West Aceh with some conflict history, and the remote island of Nias with no conflict history. Primary data and secondary information were collected through household interviews, group appraisals and expert consultations from sample villages, both in coastal as well as inland areas. Data on deforestation were analyzed and comparisons were made between coastal and upland regions regarding livelihood strategies, land use household income, environmental damage after December 2004. About 54% of the district populations live inland and nearly 94% of these inland people rely on agriculture compared to 55% in the coastal areas. In the inland average of 76% total income comes from agricultural activities and 21% from off-farm activities. Among the agricultural activities, tree crops (rubber, cocoa, areca nuts, coffee, and coconut) are the most important providing 60 to 78% of total income. During the ?construction boom? following the earthquake and Tsunami of 2004, the high demand for construction materials (sand, stone, timber and brick) has led to intensified logging and sand/rock mining activities throughout Aceh and Nias. Most of this is in the upland areas that had remained relatively intact during the conflict years. The deforestation sharply intensified after the earthquake and Tsunami. The clearance of peat area for human settlements, construction work and oil palm plantations is a major environmental problem. There is an urgent need for an increased awareness among development and policy professionals of the livelihood-environment links of upland-lowland communities in post-disaster support initiatives. Environmental concerns should be integrated into all aspects of reconstruction activities in order to minimize the negative impacts of reconstruction. Lack of spatial planning and uncoordinated activities have led to ?tragedy of commons?. Strong and active participation of local institutions and systems could be promoted for a more sustainable development programs that optimize environmental goods and services as well as development and livelihood opportunities. This should be supported through development of effective local governance and enabling policies. Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Budidarsono S and Nugraha E. Economic and Environmental Challenges in the post-Tsunami Post-Conflict Coast Land and Upland in Aceh and Nias. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1877 PO 146 PO0146-08 Appropriate Spacing of Natural Vegetative Filter Strips (NVS) as Foundation for Agroforestry System Agustin Mercado Jr and Luciano Laput 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Natural vegetative filter strip (NVS) is an attractive contour hedgerow system, because it is simple to establish and maintain, control soil erosion effectively, and compete less with associated annual crops than other alternatives. The recommended practice has been to space the hedgerows every 1 meter drop in elevation. This results in close hedgerow spacing (3-6 m apart) which removes considerable area from crop production approximately 10-20% loss. A collaborative study between the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) and Misamis Oriental State College of Agriculture and Technology (MOSCAT) to determine the effect of NVS density on crop production and soil loss. We hypothesized that acceptable soil loss may be possible with fewer hedgerows, and tested the effect of hedgerow spacing on soil loss and crop yield in an experiment on a field with 50 meters slope length and 45% slope in an acid upland soils in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines (80 38? N; 1240 25? E). Soils are classified as acid upland soils with fine mixed isohyperthermic, Ultic Haplorthox or Oxic Dystropept with a soil depth more than a meter with low to moderate organic matter content, low in available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Average annual rainfall is 2800 mm distributed throughout the year with 10 months of growing season with peaks in the months of July and November. The natural vegetative filter strips (NVS) of 50 cm wide which was mostly composed of a mixture of Imperata cylindrica, Paspallum conjugatum and Chromolaena odorata were spaced in 1 m vertical drop (3 m apart), 2 m vertical drop (6 m), 4 m vertical drop (12 m), and 8 m vertical drop (24 m), and these were compared with open field control. Maize (var. Pioneer hybrid 3014) were planted two crops per year applied with Nitrogen (N), Phoshorus (P) and Potassium (K) at the rate of 80, 30, and 30 kg ha-1, respectively. We found out that a single NVS reduced soil loss by one half compared with the open-field control. As hedgerow density increased (4m, 2m, 1m) soil loss declined, but at a decreasing rate. Erosion did not differ significantly from the 2m and 1m drop, although the number of hedgerows doubled. Maize yield declined with increasing number of hedgerows. We conclude that it is most practical to establish the natural vegetative filter strips at a 2m or 4m elevation distance, which is about 10-12 meters apart. Even a single hedgerow is a good start for a farmer to tackle erosion with minimal investment and without significant loss of crop area. These wider spacing of NVS provide a good foundation for agroforestry where trees are spaced appropriately in order to avoid significant tree-crop competition. Soil loss, natural vegetative filter strips, erosion control, crop area Philippines English Mercado Jr A and Laput L. Appropriate Spacing of Natural Vegetative Filter Strips (NVS) as Foundation for Agroforestry System. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1876 PO 145 PO0145-08 Nitrogen Facilitation and Competition in Timber tree - Maize Agroforestry System Agustin Mercado Jr, Meine van Noordwijk, T Hilger and Georg Cadisch 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Crop yields are governed by nutrient facilitation and competition particularly nitrogen in simultaneous and sequential agroforestry systems. It was hypothesized that the N2-fixing Acacia mangium was less competitive for N during the intercrop phase and provided larger N benefits, particularly through belowground pathways, in the following crop phase than Gmelina arborea, a non N2-fixing tree. A half-drum experiment was conducted in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines to assess competition and understand below ground N dynamics using the above species in association with maize supplied with 0 or 80 N kg ha-1 (15N labelled) during 3 cropping cycles: 1 simultaneous and 2 sequential cycles. Tree plant parts were labelled using the 15N stem injection technique to quantify N transfer during the simultaneous phase, and to partition tree above and belowground biomass contribution to the subsequent maize crop. The N2 fixation of Acacia was determined using the 15N natural abundance method, and Gmelina was used as non-N2 fixing reference plant. During the simultaneous phase, the proportion of N derived from N2 fixation by A. mangium was estimated at 42% and 69% with and without N application, respectively. The results of the 15N natural abundance method also indicated that the maize plants without N application obtained 15% of its N from A. mangium but only 3% when fertilized with N. Trees depressed associated maize growth parameters, except for grain yield when associated with A. mangium and supplied with N. G. arborea plant biomass responded strongly to the N application, but that of A. mangium did not. G. arborea had taken up 35% of the applied N, while A. mangium took up only 3% indicating that applied N was more available (sparing effect) for maize under A. mangium system than under G. arborea. Thus, N fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) in maize under A. mangium was 34% but only 16% under G. arborea. During the simultaneous phase, maize 15N recovery due to N transfer was 0.45% and 0.60% with A. mangium and G. arborea, respectively. More, finer, higher quality (low C:N ratio, low in polyphenols) roots of A. mangium that led to a larger and faster N turnover than G. arborea roots during the subsequent maize crop. Above-ground contributions by A. mangium were of less immediate benefit since due to the low quality leaf material that immobilized N. In contrast, G. arborea had higher quality leave residues that contributed to immediate net N mineralization. The N2-fixing A. mangium produced more above - and belowground biomass, and had a faster root turnover, providing a better growing environment to associated maize crop during the simultaneous (sparing effect) and sequential (belowground contribution) phases than G. arborea. Nitrogen, competition, facilitation, Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea Philippines English Mercado Jr A, van Noordwijk M, Hilger T and Cadisch G. Nitrogen Facilitation and Competition in Timber tree - Maize Agroforestry System. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1875 PO 144 PO0144-08 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: A case study of potential in 3 provinces in Indonesia ASB, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English ASB, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) , Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: A case study of potential in 3 provinces in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1874 PO 143 PO0143-08 Biological Water Quality Indicators in Upland Catchments: Family Biotic Index as an Assessment Tool Subekti Rahayu, Indra Suryadi, Bruno Verbist, Meine van Noordwijk and Rudy Harto Widodo 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Forest conversion to agriculture such as coffee garden and rice field occurred in Way Besai watershed, Sumberjaya, Lampung Province, Indonesia. During forest conversion, activities such as land clearing, soil tillage, planting, weeding, fertilizing and pesticide applied by farmers. Those activities effected to the water quality along the stream and river through sedimentation, nutrient accumulation and pesticide residue. Water quality is determined by assessing three classes of attributes: physical, chemical and biological. Both of chemichal and physical attributes need higher cost on laboratory analysis that biological assessment using macroinvertebrates. Evaluating of biological community of a stream through assessment macroinvertebrates provides a sensitive and cost effective means on determining stream condition. The objectives of this reaseach are: to assess water quality condition based on Family Biotic Index 30 plots along Way Besai river with three nested streams (Way Petai, Way Ringkih and Air Hitam) choosed as a samples. Aquatic macroinvertebrate collected from these stream in August 2005 and identified up to family level. Biological water quality in the upper Way Besai catchment is in range excellent to very poor. Water quality in forest area indicate excellent it?s mean that no organic material pollution. Air Hitam watershed, with virtually no forest cover and characterized by a lot of monoculture coffee garden indicate the best water quality compared to Way Petai and Way Ringkih. Overall water quality reduces towards the downstream part. At some points however this trend is not confirmed. There seems to be a correlation with high FBI and areas with paddy field where pesticides and fertilizers are extensively used. Southeast Asia English Rahayu S, Suryadi I, Verbist B, van Noordwijk M and Harto Widodo R. Biological Water Quality Indicators in Upland Catchments: Family Biotic Index as an Assessment Tool. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 4 1873 PO 142 PO0142-08 Land cover changes in different forest transition stages in Indonesia: East Kalimantan, Jambi and Lampung Andree Eka Dinata, Sonya Dewi and Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Understanding land use/cover change in a landscape is an important step in most of land use related research activity. Such analysis covered heterogeneity of land use/cover types and its possible changes over time with regards to forest transition stages. We conduct land use/cover change in three provinces of Indonesia, East Kalimantan, Jambi, and Lampung using time series Landsat images of 1990-2005. The three provinces jointly covered 16.2 % of land area of Indonesia, and ranged in forest cover from 14% to 85% in 1990 and from 8% to 79% in 2005. Object-based hierarchical classification approach was used to produce time series land cover maps. The classification hierarchy consists of 4 levels: (i) land use/cover distinguishable visually, i.e., forested area, cloud, shadow, and water body; (ii) land use/cover that identifiable by visual interpretation and some simple spectral indices; (iii) Land use/cover of more complex natures that is only recognizable by means of statistical analysis on spectral signatures; (iv) land use/cover that are inseparable by spectral signature alone and needs some decision rules on spatial parameters based on expert knowledge (i.e. distance to road/ settlement, existence of logging trails). Results of land cover classification showed different spatio-temporal patterns in the three Indonesian provinces. In East Kalimantan, logging and forest degradation dominates the land use/cover changes. Although still dominating the landscape, forested area decreased from 89.5% (162232 sq.km) in 1990 to 79.4% (147226. sq.km) in 2005. The area of undisturbed forest (including swamp forest and mangrove) decreased sharply from 73.8% (136321 sq.km) in 1990, 59.2% (108670 sq.km) in 2000, to 51.7% (94746 sq.km) in 2005. The intensity of logging activity in East Kalimantan is high, which is clearly indicated by the increase in logged over forest area from 13.7% (25911 sq.km) in 1990, 23.1% (43731 sq.km) in 2000, to 27.7% (52479 sq.km) in 2005. Jambi province is currently undergoing a rapid transition toward a much intensified landscape. Forested area in 2005 covered 34% (16901 sq.km) of the province, down from 54% (25905 sq.km) in 1990. The single most dominant trend in Jambi is conversion to plantation, in this case rubber and oilpalm. Today, rubber area (agroforest and monoculture) in Jambi is larger than forested area; it is increased from 28% (13391.54 sq.km) in 1990 to 32% (15434.68 sq.km) in 2005. Oilpalm plantation also increased sharply from only 3% (1369.12 sq.km) in 1990 to more than 11% (5172 sq.km) in 2005. Compared to East Kalimantan and Jambi, Lampung has the lowest forest cover, i.e., only 8% (2535 sq.km) of total forest cover in 2005, down from 14% (4525 sq.km) in 1990. The most dominant land cover type in Lampung today is coffee cultivation and oilpalm plantation. Land cover change analysis showed that the trend of coffee cultivation in Lampung is moving toward agroforestry system. This is indicated by the increase in coffee agroforest area from 13% (4259 sq.km) in 1990 to 16% (5169sq.km) in 2005, and, on the other hand, the decrease in monoculture coffee area from 14% (4533 sq.km) in 1990 to 12% (3782 sq. km) in 2005. The three provinces represent different stages of forest transition in Indonesia, East Kalimantan being in the earliest stage a nd Lampung the latest. Main drivers, spatial patterns and trends of land use and land use changes in other provinces in Indonesia are expected to be similar to the spatio-temporal pattern we observe in this study, with some variation which are due to site-specific demographic, cultural, biophysical and political context. Without any intervention and/or shock, progression in the forest transition over time is bound to happen, following the existing pattern. forest transition, remote sensing, object based classification, deforestation, degradation, land use/cover, land use/cover changes Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A, Dewi S and Adi DK. Land cover changes in different forest transition stages in Indonesia: East Kalimantan, Jambi and Lampung. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1872 PO 141 PO0141-08 Does carbon emission to the atmosphere pay? Abatement cost curves for three provinces in Indonesia Sonya Dewi, Meine van Noordwijk and Andree Eka Dinata 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 5 $/t CO2-eq). The lower end of abatement cost is mostly due to imperata grassland taking over the degraded forest area, perhaps due to fire, irresponsible logging, or abandonment of failed timber or oil palm plantation after logging. In East Kalimantan a large area is associated with these changes. In Jambi, with 14% of its area on peatland, the total annual emission per ha is almost five times larger if we include emissions from peat; most emissions from peatland bring less than 5 $/t CO2-eq in economic returns. Comparing the periods of 1990 to 2000, and 2000 to 2005, we found different trend among the three provinces. East Kalimantan recently emitted twice as much CO2-eq/ha/y as in the earlier period, Jambi recently emitted 75% from the earlier annual rate and Lampung emitted similar amounts in both periods. Of emissions from peatland is included, Jambi's recent emission was reduced to one fifth of the earlier period, Most of the peatland emissions in Jambi in the earlier period were due to conversion to oil palm plantations. There is ample opportunity for global co-investment in land use types that reduce emissions and provide sustainable benefits to the local economy. For the three provinces alone, 376 Mt CO2-eq emissions per year can be abated with a cost of up to 5$ per ton; this leaves room for transaction costs and real benefits for all given recent prices of CO2 emissions reduction certificates at 23 ?/t CO2-eq. However, effective AFOLU emission reduction in Indonesia will require clarity of land and tree rights, transparency of forest management integrated with rural development and spatial planning.]]> Southeast Asia English Dewi S, van Noordwijk M and Eka Dinata A. Does carbon emission to the atmosphere pay? Abatement cost curves for three provinces in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6, ALLREDDI 1871 PO 140 PO0140-08 Sensitivity of C-stock dynamic estimates to resolutions in the upscaling process Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Assessments of change in C-stock change have a uncertainty in the plot level data used, as well as in the upscaling process. In the upscaling, satellite image analysis can lead to uncertainties through classification error and inappropriate resolution, among others. Classification error and resolution are often not independent from each other. Three different resolutions in upscaling are: information, spatial and temporal. Information resolution refers to the level of detail of information to be extracted, interpreted and separated by image classification. A land cover map of forest and non-forest only has a low information resolution. Spatial resolution is determined by the size of earth surface represented by one pixel and temporal resolution is the frequency of assessment in one particular period of time. This study looks at how information and temporal resolutions lead to uncertainties in the upscaling process across Indonesian provinces of different forest transition stages. Due to different drivers of land use/cover changes, spatio-temporal patterns and diversity of land use types are different across forest transition stages. At the earliest stage, when undisturbed forest is the dominant land use/cover, both spatial and temporal variation are low, and land uses are not diverse. At latter stages, spatial and temporal variation increases and land use types are more diverse, until relatively stable stage is reached, when temporal variation is low, spatial variation is highest and land uses are most diverse. We did a wall-to-wall analysis of East Kalimantan, Jambi and Lampung provinces that represent gradient in forest transition (FT) stages in Indonesia, from the earliest to the most advanced during the period of 1990-2005. In East Kalimantan, land use/cover changes are dominated by logging (area of undisturbed forest declined from 73.8% to 51.7% and area of logged over forest increases from 13.7% to 27.7 %) while in Jambi most marked land use/cover changes are forest conversion, mostly to oil palm and rubber (forest area declined from 54% to 34%; rubber area is now larger than forest area; and oil palm increased from 3% to 11%). Lampung is in the most advanced forest transition (FT) stage among the three, is almost stabilized in terms of land use/cover (forest area declined from 14% to 8% under national park and coffee plantation is extensive). Three levels of information resolution are explored: (I) forest and non-forest, (II) forest is classified into forest on mineral soil, swamp and mangrove, and (III) forest classes of level II are further classified based on tree densities due to logging. Within each level, we introduce sub-level, in which we further separate non-forest classes: (A) tree-based, non-tree based and non-vegetation systems, (B) types of tree-based, non-tree based and non-vegetation systems. The changes in carbon stock are estimated under different information resolution levels. In early FT (East Kalimantan), there is a big jump in emission estimates from level II to level III. Failing to take degradation into account results in a huge underestimation of carbon emission (estimation from level I and II are about a third of that from level III). For intermediate stage of FT (Jambi) and advanced stage of FT (Lampung), carbon emission estimates are more sensitive to sub-level diff erentiation, i.e., finer classification in non-forest classes. Another factor to be considered is the classification error which often correlates with information resolution; the higher information resolution to be separated, the higher the classification error is. With the hierarchical, object-based classification we use in producing the land cover maps, the decrease in the classification accuracy is much less marked compared to those in carbon emissions (90% classification accuracy in average under level I to 80% in average under level III with the finest sub-level). We further explore the sensitivity of carbon emission estimates to temporal resolutions. We compare the emission estimates resulted from two time series (1990 and 2005) and those from three time series (period I: 1990 to 2000 and period II: 2000 to 2005). In the most advanced FT (Lampung), annual emissions from two time series, period I and period II are very similar. Within this stabilized systems, a frequent monitoring is not necessary. In early FT (East Kalimantan), more recent annual emission is higher than the total during the study period, while in intermediate FT (Jambi), more recent annual emission is lower. This trend difference is important in terms of deciding reference period and baseline in REDD mechanism. As an illustration, we set a certain level of annual emission in the next 5 years in the two provinces. Within this illustration, if we consider the changes in the rate of increase in annual emissions, East Kalimantan shows positive reduction in annual emission, while Jambi shows negative reduction in annual emission, whilst annual emission still increases in East Kalimantan and decreases in Jambi. Splitting the study period into two therefore can pick up trends of emissions under Business As Usual (BAU) which otherwise is missed and results in overestimation of reduced emission from a REDD scheme for Jambi and underestimation for East Kalimantan. For intermediate and early FT, higher temporal resolution matters. Selecting resolution for carbon stock change assessment should consider spatio-temporal variation and the diversity of land use types. FT stages explain characterize these patterns through driver-specific processes. Therefore FT framework is useful in terms of developing nested REDD mechanism from sub-national to national level in addressing technical and non-technical issues such as baseline and reference period negotiations. Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Eka Dinata A and van Noordwijk M. Sensitivity of C-stock dynamic estimates to resolutions in the upscaling process. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5 1870 PO 139 PO0139-08 From Litigation to Negotiation: Finding a Breakthrough on Land Tenure Policies in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia Gamma Galudra 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The Government of Indonesia (GoI) declared Mount Halimun-Salak as national park in 2003 based on the forest ecosystems richness and hydrological function. Administratively, it is located in West Java and Banten Provinces within three regencies (namely Bogor, Sukabumi and Lebak) covering an area of 113,357 hectares. The national park itself can be reached within four hours of journey from Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, toward the interior of Lebak District. When the government changed the status of Mount Halimun-Salak into a national park, the people living within its boundaries saw this as infringement on their customary rights. Several signposts declaring national park designation were erected surrounding its boundaries, causing concern among the people. According to the government officials, the customary people have never had legal rights to settle and farm the land. Fear from being evicted, on 16th ? 18th October 2003, the customary people from 31 villages within the national park held a meeting in Bogor and refuted the government?s declaration. To support their resistance and claim over their customary land rights, the people set up a local organization, named Forum Komunikasi Halimun Jawa Barat-Banten (FKMHJBB). A local NGO, named RMI (Rimbawan Muda Indonesia), assisted and advocated their cause during the campaign and litigation processes against the government. As the processes develop, there is a need to involve more support from other institutions. In 2005, ICRAF, an international research institution, got involved in these processes as advisor on science and research refinement, especially on legal status of state forestland and historical findings. Another local NGO named HUMA also participates on legal and policy aspects. In the processes, these two institutions have changed the community representative?s mind and approach from litigation against the government to dialogue and negotiation with the government. To support these new processes, a working group on land tenure issue, WG-T, facilitates the processes as a convener. After long processes of negotiation, in the end of 2006, all the stakeholders agreed to give more secure land rights for the customary people through district regulation and special zone under national park management. An ongoing study tries to explore the struggle of the people of Mount Halimun-Salak in securing their customary land rights after the national park declaration. Even though these regulations on customary land rights is not a new policies in Indonesia, but at least, it is a breakthrough for the customary people in Mount Halimun-Salak for securing their land rights within the national park boundaries. Southeast Asia English Galudra G. From Litigation to Negotiation: Finding a Breakthrough on Land Tenure Policies in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1869 PO 138 PO0138-08 Tree root strength and distribution in relation to landslide risk Kurniatun Hairiah, Ari Santosa Pamungkas, Widianto, Didik Suprayogo, Veronika Kurniasari, Syahrul Kurniawan and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 1.0), and tend to grow to larger dbh values, providing more anchoring than coffee on a per tree basis. The common shade trees (legume) in coffee agroforestry system i.e. Gliricidia sepium and Erythina subumbrans and the tree most frequently used for government reforestation programs in the past, Calliandra calothyrsus, have low IRA values, indicating little ?soil anchoring?; other timber and fruit trees had intermediate IRA values. Trees with a high IRA can probably be used to anchor river banks when grown to mature size. Ideally planting a mix of tree species with different pattern of rooting depth will provide a good protection of the soil surface and also increase river bank stability. Based on this preliminary study, we suggest a mix of tree species with deep roots and grasses with intense fine roots will provide the highest river bank stability in the area (Hypothesis 4).]]> Root Reinforcement, Index of Rooting Depth, Root Mapping, Riparian Vegetation, Slope Stability Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Pamungkas AS, Widianto , Suprayogo D, Kurniasari V, Kurniawan S and van Noordwijk M. Tree root strength and distribution in relation to landslide risk. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 3, GRP 4 1868 PO 137 PO0137-08 Expansion of the Knowledge on the Poverty and Environment Linkages in Vietnam MH Hoang, Pham Thu Thuy, Thomas, NA Dang, VT Truong, QC Tran and Nguyen T.T 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The poverty and environment project (PEP) funded by UNDP and DFID was started in February 2007 by the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and its collaborators. PART 1 of the project provides a synthesis of available information and gaps in information and understanding of P-E linkage (PELs) issues and the administrative level while PART 2 examines how the poor themselves view PELs and the messages they would like to convey to the administrative level. PART 3 provides detailed information and lessons learnt from 10 PELs case studies. PART 4 collates all information from PARTS 1-3 and develops suitable policy ? investment models that can be piloted in the two target provinces, Ha Tinh representing for the poor rural upland context and Ha Tay representing for poor peri- urban context and replicated elsewhere. Lessons learnt from Part I, Part II and Part III clearly show that (i) in Ha Tinh: (a) Biogas in connection with livestock model is important for the poor and (b) Participatory is needed in planning both land and water uses in order to sustain natural resources and to contribute to poverty reduction; (ii) in Ha Tay - Handicraft production and livestock raising contribute both environmental and economic challenges. Therefore, 4 proposed models for Ha Tinh including (1) Biogas, livestock and the poor; (2) Participatory Forest Land Use planning and Participatory water use planning; (3) Migration and poverty and (4) RUPES. Two proposed models for Ha Tay are (1) EIA and SEA, water treatment in the handicraft village and (2) Ecotourism and migration. During six months in 2008, ICRAF and its consultants will work closely with the provincial leaders to plan this policy investment models with support from Central Project Management Unit at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) of Vietnam. Vietnam English Hoang M, Thuy PT, Thomas , Dang N, Truong V, Tran Q, Nguyen T.T and co-workers. Expansion of the Knowledge on the Poverty and Environment Linkages in Vietnam. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1867 PO 136 PO0136-08 The role of Farmer Association in potential 'investment model' for RUPES in Ha Tinh Action site for RUPES in Vietnam MH Hoang, Pham Thu Thuy, Bruce Campell and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia lack of policies supporting PES between O ? I, I - I, O ? O; (v) the lack of a clear policy and investment model that can be tested and scaled up; (vi) lack of cases on clear conditionality, realistic and voluntary can be made and ensured; and (vii) how the collected money can be spent and monitored within the communities. A practical model and research, therefore, is needed. To meet the demand of current research as well as provide additional information for policy development, a case study related to PES will be carried out by World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) ? Center of International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Charles Darwin University (CDU) in Ha Tinh province in central part of Vietnam. The outcomes of this 3-year project will be lessons learnt for (i) institutionalization of mass organization in Vietnam in order to reduce transaction cost for PES, (ii) on how the money can be spent, monitored amongst the community and (iii) propose an improved model for policy.]]> Vietnam English Hoang M, Thuy PT, Campell B and van Noordwijk M. The role of Farmer Association in potential 'investment model' for RUPES in Ha Tinh Action site for RUPES in Vietnam. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1865 PO 135 PO0135-08 Experimental Direct Incentive Scheme and Reverse Auction for Soil Erosion Control in Sumberjaya Beria Leimona 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia This research conducts an actual experiment of direct incentive schemes for controlling sedimentation and estimates range of values for environmental service providers to maintain good water and soil conservation practices using reverse auction method. Research findings will be fulfilling the gaps in developing innovative experimental economic methods in assessing willingness to accept for rural ES providers. It will also establish the most appropriate institutional mechanisms to enhance the benefits of reward for environmental service mechanisms for the poor. This study is supported by the Environment, Economy Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) and the RUPES Project coordinated by the ICRAF SEA. The research is conducted in one of the RUPES sites in the Way Besai upper-watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Southeast Asia English Leimona B. Experimental Direct Incentive Scheme and Reverse Auction for Soil Erosion Control in Sumberjaya. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 5, GRP 6 1864 PO 134 PO0134-08 Dung beetles (Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) diversity: indicator of animal diversity? Nurhariyanto, Laxman Joshi and Endri Martini 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Dung beetle is very useful bio-indicator for habitat change; they show different structure and community in different habitat types. The existence of big animals like mammals in the landscape also helps existence of dung beetles who feed on and use animal manure for breeding. The research study was intended to get a good estimate of the dung beetle population and their diversity in major land use systems in Bungo district in Jambi, Indonesia - young rubber plantations (monoculture like), old rubber plantation, logged-over forest and relatively intact forest. The study was carried out in 2005 and again in December 2007 with refined methodology. A total of over 6000 dung beetles were captured using 150 dung traps, set up along transects inside the forests and agroforests. These beetles were later identified in laboratory using beetle identification manual. The data was used to calculate the major biodiversity indicators such as the Shannon index, Shannon evenness and Simpson dominancy. The results indicate that an increased land use intensity decreased dung beetle abundance (total population) while the impact on species diversity is less. In undisturbed forests, species dominance (Simpson dominancy) was lowest but dung beetle species richness was highest. Beetle abundance was relatively high in old rubber agroforests indicating presence of higher diversity of animal species. Number of beetle species in young rubber plantations is close to that in disturbed forests, but has a lower abundance. High dominance of dung beetles in disturbed forest and agroforests and low biodiversity indicate, perhaps to a fewer animal species that can tolerate human disturbance. Southeast Asia English Nurhariyanto, Joshi L and Martini E. Dung beetles (Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) diversity: indicator of animal diversity?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 2 1863 PO 133 PO0133-08 Dian Yusvita Intarini, Carsten Marohn, Gerd Dercon, Desi Suyamto, Betha Lusiana, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk and Georg Cadisch 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia The earthquake and Tsunami of December 2004 changed coastal land in West Aceh in Indonesia - land subsidence, ground water salinity and changed soil properties by mud deposits. A study was undertaken in 2007 to understand farmers' land use-related decision making after the Tsunami and the principal driving factors influencing these decisions. Four objectives were set up: (i) to identify land use dynamics from before and after the Tsunami; (ii) to understand biophysical and socio-economic factors influencing farmer's decisions on land use; (iii) to prospect a baseline land use sequence in the next three decades using a simulation model; and (iv) to explore alternative future land use trajectories through scenario studies using a simulation model. Socio-economic and biophysical data related to farmer's decision making were collected through in-depth interviews at a household level. Selecting households, purposive random sampling was applied along existing transects used for earlier studies. The results indicate some obvious change in land use by the farmers in the research study area. Rubber gardens have been converted to housing settlements. The affected agricultural land forced farmers to find other arable land for cultivation. Farmers also adopted new crops based on value and profit in future. In general, farmers in the study area still cultivate paddy, other annual crops, coconut and rubber. Land use has not changed significantly since the Tsunami, but rather shifted in terms of size and location of agricultural plots. Reduced labour force led to a shift from annual crops to perennial crops such as rubber and cocoa. Farmers also now prefer longer term crops to short-term crops. The major driving factors in farmers? decision making process are labor and financial capital. The on-going relief and construction activities also influenced farmers' allocation of time on on-farm and off-farm activities. Other factors include household subsistence levels, education of children, religious inclination and risk management strategies (such as climate, seasons and natural disasters). Southeast Asia English GRP 6 1862 PO 132 PO0132-08 Assessing temporal dynamics of groundwater and soil salinity and their impact on the green infrastructure after the 2004 Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia Andreas Distel, Carsten Marohn, Gerd Dercon, Fahmuddin Agus, Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk, Uwe Meyer and Georg Cadisch 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia After the 2004 Tsunami the coastal area of West Aceh in Indonesia was flooded up to 5 km land inwards. Land subsidence due to the preceding earthquake and flooding led to saltwater intrusion and mud deposits. In many areas, groundwater salinisation was only temporary, but long enough to cause damage to salt susceptible crops like rambutan and beans. Permanent changes in groundwater quality and level obliged farmers in subsided or deposition areas to change crops or use new varieties. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of saltwater intrusion, in time, on soil and groundwater quality, as well to assess and to understand consequences for different tree crops. The study focused on ten existing transects perpendicular to the coast of Aceh Barat. Observations on EC, pH, several cations and anions in the groundwater had been analysed in 2006. These measurements were repeated and datasets complemented with secondary data for shallow wells shortly after the tsunami. In addition, soil data and tree damage were assessed. Other relevant secondary data were also consulted. Salinisation as expressed by electric conductivity generally decreased from 2005 to 2007, with exception to some points which were flooded again in 2007. In general, salinity is not a constraint anymore in most coastal areas. EC declined with increasing distance to the sea or to water bodies connected to the sea. All groundwater samples were appropriate for irrigation and most even passed drinking water thresholds (1000�S/cm). On soil parameters, Na+ concentrations corresponded well with groundwater dynamics. High rainfall in the area helped to leach salts out of the sandy soils. Tsunami mud depositions often had fertilizing effects (e.g. on coconut), but also caused nutrient imbalance to crops such as peanut. Damage to tree crops ranged from short term effect to complete death of trees. The reasons of this variation include species-specific tolerance to salt (similar to drought tolerance); and distance of trees from the sea (influenced duration and intensity of inundation). Southeast Asia English Distel A, Marohn C, Dercon G, Agus F, Joshi L, van Noordwijk M, Meyer U and Cadisch G. Assessing temporal dynamics of groundwater and soil salinity and their impact on the green infrastructure after the 2004 Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1861 PO 131 PO0131-08 Facilitating Conditional Land Tenure in Watershed protection Forest in Indonesia Gamal Pasya and S. Suyanto 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia In many parts of Asia, government controls most of forest area. Claims of state ownership, whether or not they are fully legal, obstructs access to forest by local people, as their important resources for their livelihoods and condemns them to poverty more deeply. Land tenure can be an attractive incentive (reward) for farmers to get engaged in sustainable management of protected forest land. The conditional land tenure (HKm) permits granted land rights to the farmers for a 5-year trial period, with possible extensions to beyond 35 years, if they promised to planting multistrata trees, conserving remaining natural forest, and practicing conservation techniques. ICRAF through the negotiation support system and Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) have been facilitated farmers groups in Sumberjaya, Lampung, Indonesia to obtain conditional land right. Step-by-step towards conditional tenure rewards, are: ? Start with trust building and raise their awareness to conservation issues. ? Strengthen local institutional capacity ? Identify the champion from government officers who can act as spinner in the negotiation process. ? Synthesis scientific evidences for argumentation in the negotiation process. ? Facilitate the media for negotiation among the stakeholder ? Develop indicator for monitoring by participatory approach ? Regular dialogs and policy formulation at district level and up streaming to national negotiation process. Southeast Asia English Pasya G and Suyanto S. Facilitating Conditional Land Tenure in Watershed protection Forest in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2008. GRP 6 1860 WP 99 WP0099-08 Capacity Building Activities to Strengthen Agroforestry as a Sustainable Economic Alternative in the Orangutan Habitat Conservation Program of Batang Toru, North Sumatra Endri Martini, Jusupta Tarigan, James M Roshetko, Gerhard Manurung, Iwan Kurniawan, Joel Tukan, Suseno Budidarsono, M Abdo and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper number 61 70 Southeast Asia English Martini E, Tarigan J, Roshetko JM, Gerhard Manurung G, Kurniawan I, Tukan J, Budidarsono S, Abdo M and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Capacity Building Activities to Strengthen Agroforestry as a Sustainable Economic Alternative in the Orangutan Habitat Conservation Program of Batang Toru, North Sumatra. Working Paper number 61Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 70 p. GRP 4 1859 LE 80 LE0080-08 Biodiversity and Climate Change: Restoring the Connectivity for Globally Threatened Species requiring landscape level conservation Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D Lasco 2008 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Conservation International Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Villamor GB and Lasco RD. 2008. Biodiversity and Climate Change: Restoring the Connectivity for Globally Threatened Species requiring landscape level conservation. [Leaflet]. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Conservation International. GRP 5 1858 LE 79 LE0079-08 Pro-Poor Payment for Environmental Services Some Considerations Beria Leimona and Erica Lee 2008 Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Leimona B and Lee E. 2008. Pro-Poor Payment for Environmental Services Some Considerations. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. GRP 6 1857 PO 130 PO0130-08 Biofuel from Jatropha curcas: opportuities, challenges and development perspectives H Baur, Vanessa Meadu, Meine van Noordwijk and Brent Swallow 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya Southeast Asia English Baur H, Meadu V, van Noordwijk M and Swallow BM. 2007. Biofuel from Jatropha curcas: opportuities, challenges and development perspectives. [Poster] Nairobi, Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1856 BC 270 BC0270-08 Climate Variability and Extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed of the Philippines: An Assessment of Vulnerability Juan M. Pulhin, Rose Jane J. Peras, RVO Cruz, Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin and Maricel A.Tapia Neil Leary, C Conde, Jyoti Kulkarni, A Nyong and Juan M. Pulhin 2007 Climate Change and Vulnerability Earthscan London, England Philippines English Pulhin JM, Peras RJ, RVO Cruz , Lasco RD, Pulhin FB and Tapia MA. 2007. Climate Variability and Extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed of the Philippines: An Assessment of Vulnerability. In: Leary N, Conde C, Kulkarni J, Nyong A and Pulhin JM,eds. Climate Change and Vulnerability. London, England. Earthscan. 1855 BC 269 BC0269-08 Forest Responses to Changing Rainfall in the Philippines Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, RVO Cruz, Juan M. Pulhin, S.S.N Roy and PJ Sanchez Neil Leary, C Conde, Jyoti Kulkarni, A Nyong and Juan M. Pulhin 2007 Climate Change and Vulnerability Earthscan London, England Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, RVO Cruz , Pulhin JM, Roy S and Sanchez PJ . 2007. Forest Responses to Changing Rainfall in the Philippines. In: Leary N, Conde C, Kulkarni J, Nyong A and Pulhin JM,eds. Climate Change and Vulnerability. London, England. Earthscan. 1854 BC 268 BC0268-08 A Stitch in Time: General Lessons from Specific Cases Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros, P Batima, B Biagini, Ian Burton, S Chinvanno, R Cruz, D Dabi, A de Comarmond, B Dougherty, P Dube, A Githeko, A Abou Hadid, M Hellmuth, R Kangalawe, Jyoti Kulkarni, M Kumar, Rodel D Lasco, M Mataki, M Medany... Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros, Ian Burton, Jyoti Kulkarni and Rodel D Lasco 2007 Climate Change and Adaptation Earthscan London, England Philippines English Leary N, Adejuwon J, Barros V, Batima P, Biagini B, Burton I, Chinvanno S, Cruz R, Dabi D, A de Comarmond A, Dougherty B, Dube P, Githeko A, Hadid AA, Hellmuth M, Kangalawe R, Kulkarni J, Kumar M, Lasco RD, Mataki M, Medany M, Mohsen M, Nagy G, Njie M, Nkomo J, Nyong A, Elasha BO, Sanjak E, Seiler R, Taylor M, Travasso M, von Maltitz G, Wandiga S and Wehbe M. 2007. A Stitch in Time: General Lessons from Specific Cases. In: Leary N, Adejuwon J, Barros V, Burton I, Kulkarni J and Lasco RD,eds. Climate Change and Adaptation. London, England. Earthscan. 1853 BC 267 BC0267-08 Spillovers and Trade-offs of Adaptation in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed of the Philippines Rodel D Lasco, RVO Cruz, Juan M. Pulhin and Florencia B Pulhin Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros, Ian Burton, Jyoti Kulkarni and Rodel D Lasco 2007 Climate Change and Adaptation Earthscan London, England Philippines English Lasco RD, RVO Cruz , Pulhin JM and Pulhin FB. 2007. Spillovers and Trade-offs of Adaptation in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed of the Philippines. In: Leary N, Adejuwon J, Barros V, Burton I, Kulkarni J and Lasco RD,eds. Climate Change and Adaptation. London, England. Earthscan. 1852 BK 126 BK0126-08 Climate Change and Adaptation Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros, Ian Burton, Jyoti Kulkarni and Rodel D Lasco 2007 Earthscan London, England 448 Philippines English Leary N, Adejuwon J, Barros V, Burton I, Kulkarni J and Lasco R (eds). 2007. Climate Change and Adaptation. London, England. Earthscan. 448 p. 1851 PO 129 PO0129-08 Exploring the Unknown world of forest canopies: a new research frontier Grace B.Villamor and C Reyes 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines English Villamor GB and Reyes C. 2007. Exploring the Unknown world of forest canopies: a new research frontier. [Poster]. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 1850 PO 128 PO0128-08 RUPES: Indigenous people seeking to take advantage to carbon rewards Grace B.Villamor, R.D. Lasco and D Rice 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines English Villamor GB, R.D. Lasco and Rice D. 2007. RUPES: Indigenous people seeking to take advantage to carbon rewards. [Poster]. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 1849 PO 127 PO0127-08 Rewarding Upland People for Forest Conservation: Experience and Lessons Learned from Case Studies in the Philippines Grace B.Villamor and R.D. Lasco 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines English Villamor GB and R.D. Lasco. 2007. Rewarding Upland People for Forest Conservation: Experience and Lessons Learned from Case Studies in the Philippines. [Poster]. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 1848 WP 98 WP0098-08 Policy and Institutional Context for Natural Resource Management in Tanzania: A Basis for Developing a Landcare Program C. J Lyamcha, R Ngatoluwa, T.E. Mmbaga, N.F. Massawe, N Lema, Delia Catacutan and Joseph Tanui 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Working Paper No. 44 Philippines English Lyamcha CJ, Ngatoluwa R, Mmbaga T, Massawe N, Lema N, Catacutan D and Tanui J. 2007. Policy and Institutional Context for Natural Resource Management in Tanzania: A Basis for Developing a Landcare Program. Working Paper No. 44: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 1847 PP 253 PP0253-08 Engaging Stakeholders in INRM: Lessons and Experiences from Landcare Delia Catacutan and Joseph Tanui 2007 Global Forum on Soils, Society and Global Change August 30-4 September 2007 Selfoss Iceland Philippines English Catacutan D and Tanui J. 2007. Engaging Stakeholders in INRM: Lessons and Experiences from Landcare. Global Forum on Soils, Society and Global Change August 30-4 September 2007. Selfoss Iceland. 1846 PP 252 PP0252-08 Nitrogen complimentary and competition in timber based agroforestry system Agustin Mercado Jr 2007 Paper presented during the IUFRO Conference on Improving Bottom Line Returns from Small-scale Forestry 17-21 June Ormoc, Leyte Philippines English Mercado Jr A. 2007. Nitrogen complimentary and competition in timber based agroforestry system. Paper presented during the IUFRO Conference on Improving Bottom Line Returns from Small-scale Forestry 17-21 June. Ormoc, Leyte. 1845 BC 266 BC0266-08 Natural vegetative filter strips Agustin Mercado Jr and J Rondall W Critchley and T Wach 2007 WOCAT 2007: Where the land is greener ? case studies and analysis of soil and water conservation initiatives worldwide Bern, Switzerland 129-132 129-132 Philippines English Mercado Jr A and Rondall J. 2007. Natural vegetative filter strips. In: Critchley W and Wach T,eds. WOCAT 2007: Where the land is greener – case studies and analysis of soil and water conservation initiatives worldwide. Bern, Switzerland. : P. 129-132 129-132. 1844 BC 265 BC0265-08 Landcare Agustin Mercado Jr W Critchley and T Wach 2007 WOCAT 2007: Where the land is greener ? case studies and analysis of soil and water conservation initiatives worldwide Bern, Switzerland 133-136 Philippines English Mercado Jr A. 2007. Landcare. In: Critchley W and Wach T,eds. WOCAT 2007: Where the land is greener – case studies and analysis of soil and water conservation initiatives worldwide. Bern, Switzerland. : P. 133-136. 1843 PP 251 PP0251-08 As Clear as Mud: Understanding the Root of Conflicts and Problems in Indonesia?s Land Tenure Policy Gamma Galudra, Chip C Fay and Martua T Sirait 2007 International Conference Poverty Reduction and Forests: Tenure, Market and Policy Reforms. Bangkok, 3-7 September 2007. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bangkok, Thailand 8 The Ministry of Forestry (MoF) has designated 120 million ha of forest as state forest (kawasan hutan), corresponding to 62% of the total land surface of Indonesia. The MoF has legal authority to plan and regulate all forest tenure and to use its arrangement in its jurisdiction. Meanwhile, the MoF jurisdiction to designate the state forest plays its part to the confusion paradigm between state rights and customary (adat) rights on controlling forestland. The confusion derived from different perceptions about customary forest from different laws, Basic Forestry Law 1999 (BFL 1999) and Basic Agrarian Law (BAL 1960). The BFL 1999 categorized customary forest as state forest, that is state forest of which the management is delegated to customary communities. Meanwhile, the Basic Agrarian Law 1960 (BAL 1960) provide more recognition by separating the customary rights from the state, equally to other four legal rights such as the right to own (hak milik), the right to cultivate state land (hak guna usaha), the right to build and own building (hak guna bangunan), and the right to use or collect products from state or private land for a certain period (hak pakai). The government unwillingly to solve this confusion as the MoF has the justification to control all the forestland based on ecology reason such as hydrology, biodiversity and nowadays climate change. The paper argues that these ecology reasons become the foundation for the MoF to designate and control the state forest and help the environmentalist interests to preserve threatened resources and habitats, supporting the MoF?s legitimacy to control all forest land, but contributing to the disenfranchisement of customary people to resource claims, the people?s poverty and the confusion of customary forest recognition. The more confusing, the more legitimating for the MoF. Southeast Asia English Galudra G, Fay CC and Sirait MT. 2007. As Clear as Mud: Understanding the Root of Conflicts and Problems in Indonesia’s Land Tenure Policy. International Conference Poverty Reduction and Forests: Tenure, Market and Policy Reforms. Bangkok, 3-7 September 2007. Bangkok, Thailand. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1842 WP 97 WP0097-08 Policy and institutional context for NRM in Kenya: Challenges and opportunities for Landcare Thomas Yatich, Alex Awiti, Elvin Nyukuri, Joseph Mutua, Agnes Kyalo, Joseph Tanui and Delia Catacutan 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya Working Paper Number no. 43 48 Kenya?s natural resource base has dwindled over the years. The existence of many land-related laws, some of which are incompatible, has resulted in complex land management regimes, giving rise to fragmented interventions, poor land administration, and inadequate provision of agricultural services. The consequences are serious environmental problems aggravated by social, economic and political factors. Traditionally, land use practices were more sustainable, but many of these Landcare practices were discarded with the advent of colonialism. Today, significant progress is evident in rule-making, paving the way for adoption of more integrative approaches to natural resources management (NRM), including the more sustainable Landcare. Landcare is a widely-adopted community-based approach to NRM, that started in Australia in mid 1980s. The adoption of Landcare in Kenya, however, requires understanding of the policy and institutional contexts for which it can be applied. This paper attempts to identify regime structures and policy instruments for anchoring the Landcare approach in Kenya. It informs a larger regional effort for the transformation of NRM through a Landcare framework. This review paper concludes that: 1) the existing policy context is neither inhibitive for Landcare nor does it require new policies; 2) Due to the existing complex institutional architecture, the introduction Landcare approaches in Kenya should be pragmatic and nuanced; 3) Landcare adoption will not only lead to achievement of national goals, but international obligations as well; 4) The relevance and longevity of Landcare is dependent on appropriate modes of integration; and 5) a coalition approach appears to have the potential mode for integrating Landcare in Kenya. Land use, landcare approach, land policy, environmental management, environmental policy, ecosystem services, natural resources management, water management, forest policy, NRM Philippines English Yatich T, Awiti A, Nyukuri E, Mutua J, Kyalo A, Tanui J and Catacutan D. 2007. Policy and institutional context for NRM in Kenya: Challenges and opportunities for Landcare. Working Number no. 43Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 48 p. 1841 BK 125 BK0125-08 Scaling up Landcare in the Philippines: Issues, Methods and Strategies Delia Catacutan 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines 230 Philippines English Catacutan D. 2007. Scaling up Landcare in the Philippines: Issues, Methods and Strategies. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 230 p. 1840 PP 250 PP0250-08 Economic Analysis of Improved Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Implications For Rubber Development Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Suseno Budidarsono and Laxman Joshi 2008 Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Lao PDR, Laos 431-444 Farm budget analysis is a tool for understanding the economic performance of agricultural practices - to assess the impact of technology interventions, price and policy changes. This helps provide better comprehension of the strengths and weaknesses of various farm operations. As a type of farm budget analysis, the farming system modelling software Olympe developed by a consortium of L?Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD) and Institut Agronomique M�diterran�en de Montpellier (IAMM), is an efficient piece of software for analysing and modelling farming systems performance. Olympe gives a comprehensive overview of farmers? situations and links to technical innovations and practices. A range of analyses can be carried out including economic impact of technical choices, effects of climatic or economic uncertainties, and the environmental impacts of land use options. The Olympe application was used to analyse the impact of new Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS technology) in Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. RAS technologies are developed for adoption by smallholder farmers with limited resources. The results show that while the RAS technology requires more capital input, both labour return and land return are higher than in farmers? traditional systems. The labour return of RAS technologies can be higher than that of intensive monoculture rubber. The economic and environmental advantages of diversified RAS technologies over monoculture rubber and oil palm are evident. farming systems performance, farm budget analysis, Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS), West Kalimantan. Southeast Asia English Wulan YC, Budidarsono S and Joshi L. 2008. Economic Analysis of Improved Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Implications For Rubber Development. Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006. Lao PDR, Laos. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. GRP 2 1839 BC 264 BC0264-08 Towards a Pro-poor Reward Mechanism with the Bago-Kankanaey Indigenous Peoples in Bakun, the Philippines Grace B.Villamor and Alberto Banatao 2007 Insight: Notes from the Field RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII) Bangkok, Thailand Issue 2.2007 65-71 The Bakun indigenous peoples (Ips) in the municipality of Bakun, a province of Benguet, Philippines, are aiming to develop a propoor reward mechanism from their watershed services. In 2002, through the efforts of Bakun Indigenous Tribe Organization (BITO), the Ips were awarded a municipal-wide Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) by the national government, enabling them to exercise their traditional rights to their ancestral land. Agreements under the Philippine law and voluntary assistance have given some benefits to Bakun over the years from the hydroelectric companies. Now, development of a conditional, realistic and pro-poor reward mechanism as a new environmental instrument comes as a challenge for the Ips since it entails a major change in the roles they would be playing. This paper presents the struggle of the Bakun Ips and the strategies and actions they have taken towards a pro-poor reward mechanism. Philippines English Villamor GB and Banatao A. 2007. Towards a Pro-poor Reward Mechanism with the Bago-Kankanaey Indigenous Peoples in Bakun, the Philippines. Insight: Notes from the Field. Bangkok, Thailand. : RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII). P. 65-71. 1838 BC 263 BC0263-08 Payments for Environmental Services: Introduction to feasibility, supplier characteristics and poverty issues Erica Lee, Beria Leimona, Meine van Noordwijk, Chetan Agarwal and Sango Mahanty 2007 Insight: Notes from the Field RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII) Bangkok, Thailand Issue 2.2007 5-17 As Payments for Environmental Services (PES) is in its early stages of development and implementation, there are many questions to address regarding its features and functions. In this overview paper, we take a look at three themes relevant to practitioners? work - the environmental and economic feasibility of PES schemes, the characteristics of environmental service providers, and the relationship between PES and poverty. The first section on environmental and economic feasibility discusses how to develop performance-based (conditional) mechanisms built on real cause-effect relations between land use and environmental services that are economically viable for environmental service (ES) providers and beneficiaries (realistic). The second section on the ES providers discusses the characteristics of many ES providers and the issues facing them, including whether the incentives are sufficient to engage providers on a voluntary basis and whether schemes are adaptive and reflect the voices of and within communities. Finally, the third section discusses the relationship between PES and poverty, namely the opportunities and risks in reducing poverty, and the possible effects of a pro-poor focus on the viability and effectiveness of PES. This synthesis paper gives a conceptual overview of the various issues that will be further explored in the rest of the publication through case studies. Southeast Asia English Lee E, Leimona B, van Noordwijk M, Agarwal C and Mahanty S. 2007. Payments for Environmental Services: Introduction to feasibility, supplier characteristics and poverty issues. Insight: Notes from the Field. Bangkok, Thailand. RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII). P. 5-17. 1837 PP 249 PP0249-08 Financing mechanism for sustainable forest management in Indonesia: the role of public financing instrument Beria Leimona, Hendrayanto, Joko Prihatno and Nanang Roffandi S Appanah and K Shono 2006 Preliminary Report of the Workshop Financial Mechanisms for Sustainable Forest Management: Sharing Experiences from Latin America and Asia-Pacific GTZ, National Forest Programme Facility, and FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Chiang Mai, Thailand 101-110 The paper presents the identification of public financing instruments in Indonesia, especially under the Re-greening Fund, which is one of the most potential forest financing sources. In conclusion, a gap in financing institution exists. A new financing institution that should be autonomous and independent to solve current problems in forest financing schemes is proposed. The authors also stressed that any new initiatives in forest conservation, including the introduction of any forest financing instruments, should be started by solving the underlying causes of failure in forest conservation. Therefore, a discussion of the analysis of problems currently occurred and necessary pre-conditions in managing and rehabilitating Indonesian?s forests based on its environmental issues is also provided. Finally, ?payments for environmental services? schemes that attract many attentions nowadays are briefly covered. The definition of ?payments for environmental services?, different levels of environmental services as well as the role of governments at each level are clarified. The authors also give some conclusions and offer some recommendations for solving forest financing problems in Indonesia. Southeast Asia English Leimona B, Hendrayanto , Prihatno J and Roffandi N. 2006. Financing mechanism for sustainable forest management in Indonesia: the role of public financing instrument. In: Appanah S and Shono K,eds. Preliminary Report of the Workshop Financial Mechanisms for Sustainable Forest Management: Sharing Experiences from Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Chiang Mai, Thailand. GTZ, National Forest Programme Facility, and FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. 1836 LE 78 LE0078-08 Pengembangan Pembibitan Unggul (NOEL-Nursery Of Excellence) di Aceh Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Nazar Idris, Anang Setiawan, Andi Prahmono, Teuku Zulfadhli, Mulus Suriana, Mahyudin, Amang Yudi Kisworo and Haris Arifianto Hidayat 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian NOEL-Nursery Of Excellence) di Aceh. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office.]]> 1835 PO 126 PO0126-08 Pengembangan Pembibitan Unggul (NOEL-Nursery Of Excellence) di Aceh Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, James M Roshetko, Nazar Idris, Anang Setiawan, Andi Prahmono, Teuku Zulfadhli, Mulus Suriana, Mahyudin, Amang Yudi Kisworo and Haris Arifianto Hidayat 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia A3 Southeast Asia Indonesian NOEL-Nursery Of Excellence) di Aceh. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (A3)]]> 1834 PP 248 PP0248-08 Landscape-level analysis of abatement costs in three provinces of Indonesia Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Daniel Murdiyarso, Suseno Budidarsono, Andree Eka Dinata, Fahmuddin Agus, Kurniatun Hairiah and Brent Swallow 2007 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Bogor, Indonesia 24 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Murdiyarso D, Budidarsono S, Eka Dinata A, Agus F, Hairiah K and Swallow BM. 2007. Landscape-level analysis of abatement costs in three provinces of Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 1833 PP 247 PP0247-08 Assessing C-stock dynamics at the landscape level Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata, Meine van Noordwijk, Daniel Murdiyarso and Brent Swallow 2007 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Bogor, Indonesia 32 Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Eka Dinata A, van Noordwijk M, Murdiyarso D and Swallow BM. 2007. Assessing C-stock dynamics at the landscape level. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 1832 PP 246 PP0246-08 Landscape Analysis of Abatement Cost in the Philippines: the Manupali Case Study Rodel D Lasco, J Alano, Sonya Dewi, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi, R.J Delfino, Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado Jr and Florencia B Pulhin 2007 Bali, Indonesia 30 Presentation for Forest Day, 8 December 2007, Bali, Indonesia Philippines English Lasco RD, Alano J, Dewi S, Adi DK, Delfino R, Catacutan D, Mercado Jr A and Pulhin FB. 2007. Landscape Analysis of Abatement Cost in the Philippines: the Manupali Case Study. Bali, Indonesia. 1831 PR 31 PR0031-08 Integrating Conservation in the Upland Agriculture in Southeast Asia SEANAFE, Chiang Mai University(CMU), World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Chiangmai and University of Hohenheim-Uplands Program 2007 International Agroforestry Education Conference, 24-26 October 2007 Sweden International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP), and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Chiang May, Thailand 51 Southeast Asia English SEANAFE, Chiang Mai University(CMU) , ICRAF Thailand and University of Hohenheim-Uplands Program . 2007. Integrating Conservation in the Upland Agriculture in Southeast Asia. International Agroforestry Education Conference (Book of Abstracts), 24-26 October 2007. Chiang May, Thailand. Sweden International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP), and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). 51 p. 1830 PP 245 PP0245-08 Reducing Emissions from Peatland Deforestation and Degradation: Carbon Emission and Opportunity Costs Fahmuddin Agus, S. Suyanto, Wahyunto and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 Carbon ? Climate - Human Interaction - Carbon pools, fire, mitigation, restoration, and Wise Use Yogyakarta, Indonesia 6 International Symposium and Workshop on Tropical Peatland Southeast Asia English Agus F, Suyanto S, W and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Reducing Emissions from Peatland Deforestation and Degradation: Carbon Emission and Opportunity Costs. Carbon – Climate - Human Interaction - Carbon pools, fire, mitigation, restoration, and Wise Use. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. GRP 6, ALLREDDI 1829 BC 262 BC0262-08 REDD: Can Community Forests Get Its Incentives? Niken Sakuntaladewi and Taryanto Wijaya 2007 Community -Based Forest Management Practices: Local Effort with Global Impacts Directorate of Social Forestry Development, Directorate General of Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Department of Forestry Jakarta, Indonesia 45-54 Southeast Asia English Sakuntaladewi N and Wijaya T. 2007. REDD: Can Community Forests Get Its Incentives?. Community -Based Forest Management Practices: Local Effort with Global Impacts. Jakarta, Indonesia. Directorate of Social Forestry Development, Directorate General of Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry, Department of Forestry. P. 45-54. 1828 JA 282 JA0282-08 Spatial Information Tools for Land Use Management Networks in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia Pornwilai Saipothong and David Thomas 2007 Information Development 23 2/3 129-136 Thailand English Saipothong P and Thomas D. 2007. Spatial Information Tools for Land Use Management Networks in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia. Information Development. 23(2/3):P. 129-136. 1827 RP 239 RP0239-08 Deliverable 24: Impact of Selective Logging on Carbon Stocks of Tropical Forests in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Timothy Pearson, Sarah Walker, Nathan Moore, Aaron Dushku, James M Roshetko, Rachel Pearson and Sandra Brown 2007 Winrock International Southeast Asia English Pearson T, Walker S, Moore N, Dushku A, Roshetko JM, Pearson R and Brown S. Deliverable 24: Impact of Selective Logging on Carbon Stocks of Tropical Forests in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Winrock International. 2007. 1826 MN 38 MN0038-08 A Teacher?s Guide on Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products: Curricular Framework and Case Studies SEANAFE 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 117 It is divided into three major parts, namely: 1) The SEANAFE's Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products Project; 2) The SEANAFE's Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products Curricular Framework; and 3) Country Case Study Materials.
Part 1 provides a brief background on the SEANAFE MAFTP project enumerating the salient processes through which this guide was generated. It also highlights the team and participatory approaches adopted and the major outputs produced by the project.
Part 2 explains the context in which the SEANAFE MAFTP curricular framework fits with the agroforestry education scenario in the region, its process approach, and key themes, including suggested descriptions, methods of teaching, and reference materials.
Part 3 presents the country cases and offers ways to effectively use them for teaching MAFTP. It provides suggestions for encouraging critical thinking among students, including guide questions and discussions, suggested teaching activities and further reading. This, however, should not limit the users but are encouraged instead to further explore the other potential applications of the cases as teaching materials.
The curricular framework does not claim to be complete and comprehensive. However, SEANAFE considers it adequate to help enhance the knowledge and skills of students and other users in order to develop sustainable agroforestry enterprises that would improve the quality of life among farm families. In the same way, the case study materials do not cover all aspects of the market chain that may arise during student discussions or assignments. Further, the cases cover marketing issues at different levels, i.e. community, district, and provincial levels. For this reason, users are encouraged to use the materials as they wish to achieve the learning objectives they set in their teaching sessions, for example, by making considered assumptions about information absent from the cases study.
The guide presupposes that users have considerable experience in using case studies as a teaching method. First timers of this approach are encouraged to read the Notes for Teachers well in advance before giving the case study material to their students. The effectiveness of the case study material relies on how well the users have grounded themselves on its suggested use and internalized the basic information therein. Full copies of the country research are available from the ICRAF website as reference materials.]]> Southeast Asia IN PRESS English SEANAFE. 2007. A Teacher’s Guide on Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products: Curricular Framework and Case Studies. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 117 p. IN PRESS GRP 3 1825 RP 238 RP0238-08 Payment mechanisms, distribution and institutional arrangements Herry Purnomo, Meine van Noordwijk, L Peskett and B Setiono 2007 International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) report Southeast Asia English Purnomo H, van Noordwijk M, Peskett L and Setiono B. Payment mechanisms, distribution and institutional arrangements. International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA). 2007. 1824 RP 237 RP0237-08 Peatland land use change strategy Daniel Murdiyarso, Sonya Dewi, Fahmuddin Agus, S. Suyanto, H Iskandar, N.S Suryadiputra, Y.R Noor, Andree Eka Dinata, T Herman, I Abla and I Aboesoemono 2007 International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) Report Southeast Asia English Murdiyarso D, Dewi S, Agus F, Suyanto S, Iskandar H, Suryadiputra N, Noor Y, Eka Dinata A, Herman T, Abla I and Aboesoemono I. Peatland land use change strategy. International Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA). 2007. 1823 PP 244 PP0244-08 Poverty and forests: Multi-country analysis of spatial association and proposed policy solutions William Sunderlin, Sonya Dewi and Atie Puntodewo 2007 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Jakarta, Indonesia CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 47 Southeast Asia English Sunderlin W, Dewi S and Puntodewo A. 2007. Poverty and forests: Multi-country analysis of spatial association and proposed policy solutions. Jakarta, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 1822 BK 124 BK0124-08 Studies of Collective Forest Tenure in Yunnan P He and Jun He 2007 Chinese Agriculture University Press Beijing China Chinese He P and He J. 2007. Studies of Collective Forest Tenure in Yunnan. Beijing. Chinese Agriculture University Press. 1821 BK 123 BK0123-08 Forestry Governance: Concept, Framework and Research Jun He 2007 Chinese Agriculture University Press Beijing China Chinese He J. 2007. Forestry Governance: Concept, Framework and Research. Beijing. Chinese Agriculture University Press. 1820 BK 122 BK0122-08 Rural Governance, Village Democracy and Natural Resource Management Jun He and B Hillman Xu Jianchu 2007 Chinese Agriculture University Press Beijing China Chinese He J and Hillman B and Xu J.eds. 2007. Rural Governance, Village Democracy and Natural Resource Management. Beijing. Chinese Agriculture University Press. 1819 BK 121 BK0121-08 Indigenous Science of Pest Control R Xu 2007 Yunnan Science and Technology Press Kunming China Chinese Xu R. 2007. Indigenous Science of Pest Control. Kunming. Yunnan Science and Technology Press. 1818 BC 261 BC0261-08 Indigenous Knowledge and Rethink Culture Jun He 2007 Thoughts from Field: Traditional Cultural and Rural Construction Partnership for Community Development (PCD) Hong Kong 39-49 China Chinese He J. 2007. Indigenous Knowledge and Rethink Culture. Thoughts from Field: Traditional Cultural and Rural Construction. Hong Kong. Partnership for Community Development (PCD). P. 39-49. 1817 BC 260 BC0260-08 Re-exploring Shangri-la Xu Jianchu 2007 Thoughts from Feild: Traditional Cultural and Rural Construction Partnership for Community Development (PCD) Hong Kong 11-21 China Chinese Xu Jianchu. 2007. Re-exploring Shangri-la. Thoughts from Feild: Traditional Cultural and Rural Construction. Hong Kong. Partnership for Community Development (PCD). P. 11-21. 1816 JA 281 JA0281-08 Study on Biotic Monitoring Methods of Water Contamination: A Case Study of Xiaohaiba of Yangliu Township IN Baoshan City F Peng, Y Wu and X Hu 2007 Environmental Science Survey 26 5 37-39 China Chinese Peng F, Wu Y and Hu X. 2007. Study on Biotic Monitoring Methods of Water Contamination: A Case Study of Xiaohaiba of Yangliu Township IN Baoshan City. Environmental Science Survey. 26(5):P. 37-39. 1815 JA 280 JA0280-08 Assessment of economic value of non-timber forest products through commodity chain approach M Dong, Marco Stark, J He and M Luo 2007 Forest Inventory and Planning 32 3 86-89 China Chinese Dong M, Stark M, He J and Luo M. 2007. Assessment of economic value of non-timber forest products through commodity chain approach. Forest Inventory and Planning. 32(3):P. 86-89. 1814 WP 96 WP0096-08 The Highlands: A Shared Water Tower in a Changing Climate and Changing Asia Xu Jianchu 2007 Narjuna Publication (P) Ltd Kuathmandu 55 China English Xu Jianchu. 2007. The Highlands: A Shared Water Tower in a Changing Climate and Changing Asia. Kuathmandu. : Narjuna Publication (P) Ltd. 55 p. 1813 PP 243 PP0243-08 Fruit and Vegetable Industry in Indonesia: Production and Limited Access to Market E.G Fonsah, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono, Joel Tukan, Ery Nugraha and Gerhard Manurung 2007 Bogor, Indonesia Paper presented at Southeast Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference November 2007 Southeast Asia English Fonsah E, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S, Tukan J, Nugraha E and Gerhard Manurung G. 2007. Fruits and Vegetable Industry in Indonesia: Production and Limited Access to Market. Bogor, Indonesia. 1812 PP 242 PP0242-08 A Documentation Strategy to Develop the Potential of NTFPs as a Source of Livelihood Diversification for Local Communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program Jusupta Tarigan, Endri Martini, James M Roshetko and Iwan Kurniawan 2007 Bogor, Indonesia Paper presented at the International Conference on The Role of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Poverty Alleviation and Biodiversity Conservation held in Hanoi, Vietnam 11-15 June 2007. Southeast Asia English Tarigan J, Martini E, Roshetko JM and Kurniawan I. 2007. A Documentation Strategy to Develop the Potential of NTFPs as a Source of Livelihood Diversification for Local Communities in the Batang Toru Orangutan Conservation Program. Bogor, Indonesia. 1811 RP 236 RP0236-08 Rehabilitation of Agricultural Systems in Aceh ? Developing Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) James M Roshetko 2007 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International Bogor, Indonesia 24 Southeast Asia English Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL). Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International. 2007. 24 p.]]> 1810 PP 241 PP0241-08 Pruning Strategies for Reducing Crop Suppression and Producing High Quality Timber in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems Manuel Bertomeu and James M Roshetko 2007 Leyte, Philippines Paper presented at the IUFRO International Conference on ‘Improving Triple Bottom Line Returns from Small-Scale Forestry’, held in Leyte, Philippines 17-21 June 2007. Philippines English Bertomeu M and Roshetko JM. 2007. Pruning Strategies for Reducing Crop Suppression and Producing High Quality Timber in Smallholder Agroforestry Systems. Leyte, Philippines. 1809 JA 279 JA0279-08 Rethinking the Effectiveness of Public Protected Areas in Southwestern China Xu Jianchu and David R Melick 2007 Conservation Biology 21 2 318–328 It is internationally recognized that conservation policies should respect indigenous cultures and consider the livelihoods of people affected by conservation restrictions. Countering this are concerns that human occupation and use of natural reserves is incompatible with conservation aims. But in China today the continued use and management of natural areas by local communities is likely to deliver better conservation outcomes than the current drive to establish public protected areas. The effectiveness of many protected areas in China is compromised by institutional conflicts, lack of ongoing financial and technical support, confusion between the objectives of generating revenue and conservation, dubious scientific definitions, lack of community trust in policies, and obscure user rights and land tenures. Southwestern China?one of the most biologically and ethnologically diverse areas on Earth?is a good illustration of a place where culture and biological diversity are closely linked. The indigenous people in this area have shown that local livelihood practices can be advantageous for the long-term maintenance of conservation goals. Rather than creating new protected areas, we argue that China is better advised to support ongoing sustainable use of natural areas by the people who have lived and nurtured these environments for generations. biodiversity, community conservation, ecosystem services, forest management, indigenous knowledge China English Xu Jianchu and Melick DR. 2007. Rethinking the Effectiveness of Public Protected Areas in Southwestern China. Conservation Biology. 21(2). P. 318–328. 1808 JA 278 JA0278-08 Simplification of Pine Forests Due to Utilization by Tibetan Villages in Southwest China David R Melick, Xuefei Yang and Xu Jianchu 2007 Environmental Management 2007 40 866–879 In China, many rural communities depend upon forests to provide wood, fuel, fertilizer, animal bedding, and valuable non-timber forest products (NTFP). However, the degree to which forest resource extraction is compatible with new conservation aims is unclear because there is little information on the specific ecological effects of traditional forest collecting practices. Therefore, we compared the structure and floristics of Pinus densata forests exposed to three levels of resource extraction by Tibetan villages in northwest Yunnan: (1) a forest site protected from wood and timber removal, (2) moderately utilized forest sites exposed to traditional collecting practices, and (3) patches of highly utilized forest from which timber extraction is high in response to recent development pressures. The results show that understorey and cryptogamic species are reduced in all the utilized forest sites by comparison with the protected forest. However, the moderately utilized pine forests still provide good NTFP habitats by maintaining relatively high canopy covers, litter covers, and understorey structural complexity; this suggests that traditional forest resource use, while simplifying the forest, does not pose an increasing threat to pine forest integrity. By comparison, the highly utilized forests are transformed into open, herb-rich environments in which canopy covers and understorey complexity are depleted, and NTFP habitats are degraded. In the future it may be practical to enhance biodiversity by proscribing forest resource collection, but the immediate priority is to monitor the sustainability of forest utilization using indicators such as understorey development, litter cover, and cryptogamic richness. Community forest, Fuelwood, Logging ban, Non-timber forest products, Northwest Yunnan, Pinus densata China English Melick DR, Yang X and Xu Jianchu. 2007. Simplification of Pine Forests Due to Utilization by Tibetan Villages in Southwest China. Environmental Management. 2007(40). P. 866–879. 1807 JA 277 JA0277-08 Seeing the wood for the trees: how conservation policies can place greater pressure on village forests in southwest China David Melick, Xuefei Yang and Xu Jianchu 2007 Biodiversity Conservation 2007 16 1959–1971 In the last 6 years China has introduced a number of policies to try and conserve forests and protect watershed integrity; these include a ban on commercial logging, reforestation projects, restrictions on upland farming and burning, and controls on livestock grazing. The blanket nature of these impositions when combined with rapid socio-economic changes have increased pressures on many small rural communities. In this paper, we examine the case of Jisha Village in northwestern Yunnan, China?a typical rural Tibetan community sustained by traditional agriculture and livestock management. The cessation of commercial logging has seen the community turn to towards other income streams such as non-timber forest products (NTFP), increased livestock and attempts to foster tourism. However, timber quotas together with new road access have spurred the development of unofficial markets for village firewood and enhanced access to nearby forests. In addition, the decline of bamboo?a traditional fencing material?has resulted in an estimated 35-fold increase in demand for pine wood. Wood demands in this community are swiftly exceeding the sustainable harvest levels. Forest loss does not merely represent the depletion or degradation of future village timber resources, but also the loss of NTFP habitat. Moreover, due to proscriptions on rangeland burning, pasturelands are becoming degraded and grazing in forests is more intensive?reducing forest regeneration. These findings support calls to improve the flexibility and incorporate local needs into forest policy?the problems highlighted here seem indicative of the practical and philosophical challenges facing environmental planning and research in China. Community forest, Firewood collection, Logging ban, Non-timber forest products, Northwest Yunnan, Pinus densata, Tibetan villagers China English Melick D, Yang X and Xu Jianchu. 2007. Seeing the wood for the trees: how conservation policies can place greater pressure on village forests in southwest China. Biodiversity Conservation. 2007(16) P. 1959–1971. 1806 BC 259 BC0259-08 Rattan and Tea-Based Intensification of Shifting Cultivation by Hani Farmers in Southwestern China Xu Jianchu Malcolm Cairns 2007 Voices from the forest: integrating indigenous knowledge into sustainable upland farming Washington, DC 667-675 China English Xu Jianchu. 2007. Rattan and Tea-Based Intensification of Shifting Cultivation by Hani Farmers in Southwestern China. In: Cairns M,eds. Voices from the forest: integrating indigenous knowledge into sustainable upland farming. Washington, DC. P. 667-675. 1805 PO 125 PO0125-08 CO2 Emissions From Deforestation And Agricultural Systems On Peatland Fahmuddin Agus, Wahyunto and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Agus F, W and van Noordwijk M. CO2 Emissions From Deforestation And Agricultural Systems On Peatland. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1804 PO 124 PO0124-08 A REDD Pilot: Avoided Deforestation and Development of Tree-Based Livelihoods with Sustainable Benefits in the Paguyaman Watershed in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Yayasan Adudu Nantu International (YANI) ? Provincial Government Gorontalo Lynn Clayton, Yayasan Adudu Nantu International and Provincial Government Gorontalo 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Clayton L, Yayasan Adudu Nantu International and Provincial Government Gorontalo . A REDD Pilot: Avoided Deforestation and Development of Tree-Based Livelihoods with Sustainable Benefits in the Paguyaman Watershed in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Yayasan Adudu Nantu International (YANI) – Provincial Government Gorontalo. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1803 PO 123 PO0123-08 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: East Kalimantan Land Cover Changes 1990?s ? 2005 Andree Eka Dinata and Sonya Dewi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A and Dewi S. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: East Kalimantan Land Cover Changes 1990’s – 2005. [Poster]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1802 PO 122 PO0122-08 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: Lampung Land Cover Changes 1990?s ? 2005 Andree Eka Dinata and Sonya Dewi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A and Dewi S. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: Lampung Land Cover Changes 1990’s – 2005. [Poster] Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1801 PO 121 PO0121-08 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: Jambi Land Cover Changes 1990?s ? 2005 Andree Eka Dinata and Sonya Dewi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A and Dewi S. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: Jambi Land Cover Changes 1990’s – 2005. [Poster] Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1800 PO 120 PO0120-08 Deforestasi yang Terhindarkan dengan Manfaat yang Berkelanjutan: studi kasus dari 3 propinsi di Indonesia Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. Deforestasi yang Terhindarkan dengan Manfaat yang Berkelanjutan: studi kasus dari 3 propinsi di Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1799 PO 119 PO0119-08 Karbon Tersimpan di Hutan dan Agroforestri berbasis Kopi di Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat, Extrapolasi pengukuran di tingkat lahan ke tingkat DAS Meine van Noordwijk, Subekti Rahayu, Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Ai Farida and Bruno Verbist 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M, Rahayu S, Wulan YC, Farida A and Verbist B. Karbon Tersimpan di Hutan dan Agroforestri berbasis Kopi di Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat, Extrapolasi pengukuran di tingkat lahan ke tingkat DAS. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1798 WP 95 WP0095-08 Kajian Kondisi Hidrologis DAS Kapuas Hulu, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat Betha Lusiana, R Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper No. 60 68 pengkajian jasa lingkungan, mekanisme imbalan jasa lingkungan, pemodelan hidrologi, Indonesia, pengetahuan lokal, fungsi DAS Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Lusiana B, Widodo R, Mulyoutami E, Adi DK and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Kajian Kondisi Hidrologis DAS Kapuas Hulu, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Working Paper No. 60. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 68 p. GRP 6 1797 WP 94 WP0094-08 Kajian Kondisi Hidrologis DAS Talau, Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur Betha Lusiana, R Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper No. 59 71 kajian jasa lingkungan, mekanisme imbalan jasa lingkungan, pemodelan hidrologi, Indonesia, pengetahuan lokal, fungsi DAS Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Lusiana B, Widodo R, Mulyoutami E, Adi DK and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Kajian Kondisi Hidrologis DAS Talau, Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Working Paper No. 59. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 71 p. GRP 6 1796 WP 93 WP0093-08 Assessing Hydrological Situation of Talau Watershed, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Betha Lusiana, R Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper No. 58 72 environmental services assessment, environmental services reward mechanisms, hydrological modeling, Indonesia, local knowledge, watershed function Southeast Asia English 0 Lusiana B, Widodo R, Mulyoutami E, Adi DK and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Assessing Hydrological Situation of Talau Watershed, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Working Paper No. 58. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 72 p. GRP 6 1795 WP 92 WP0092-08 Assessing Hydrological Situation of Kapuas Hulu Basin, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Betha Lusiana, R Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and Meine van Noordwijk 2008 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper No. 57 67 This report presents results of a ?rapid appraisal? of the hydrological situation in Kapuas Hulu Basin, Kapuas Hulu Regency in West Kalimantan (Indonesia). The main objective of this study was to assess the hydrological situation of Kapuas Hulu Basin and to provide information on what and where the payment for watershed services could be focused. In the upstream of Kapuas Hulu Basin lies Batang Kerihun National Park, one of the last frontiers of natural habitat in Kalimantan. The National Park is a hot-spot biodiversity area containing thousands of different plant and animal species, many of them endemic to Kalimantan. Kapuas Hulu has a very wet climate, with an average annual rainfall of 4100 m/year. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year with the wettest month in November or December. The dominant land cover class in Kapuas Hulu Basin is forest (90%). Lands that are managed by farmers (in form of agriculture and tree-based systems) only formed around 3% of the total area. There are three main catchments in Kapuas Hulu Basin: Sibau, Mendalam and Kapuas (Koheng). The intensity of land management varies between catchments, with Sibau the most intensive (vegetable plots, tree-systems and tembawang) and Kapuas the least intensive (gathering forest products and tembawang). Currently, forest areas in Kapuas Hulu are under threat of being lost and fragmented due to fire, logging and mining activities. The local stakeholder (local community and policy makers) are concerned about the impact of loss of forest cover on watershed hydrological functions, particularly on water level and water quality (erosion, sedimentation and pollution). Boats are the main transportation for people in the area, thus stable and sufficient river depth is desirable. Water quality issues in the area are related to water turbidity due to erosion and sedimentation, as well as pollution. The hotspots areas of Kapuas Hulu Basins are in Sibau Hulu village of Sibau catchment and Datah Dian village of Mendalam Catchment. These villages are the most upstream villages in the basin and the location where most land use change by local communities are occurring. The average annual precipitation in the Kapuas Basin is approximately 4100 mm/year. The landscape water balance in Kapuas indicated that around 60% flows into the river, while 40% is used by the vegetation in interception and transpiration. According to the model, only 0.5 % of rainfall come as surface run-off, 16% as soil quick flow (interflow; reaching the river within 2 days after the rain) and 39% as base flow. Based on existing data and the estimated water balance through a modelling approach, the Kapuas Hulu basin is currently still able to maintain its watershed function, particularly those related to maintaining river flow. As indicated by the result of scenario analysis, reducing forest cover in the area will increase surface runoff and reduce soil quick flow. Thus, if the riparian zones are not healthy, there will also be increase of sedimentation in the river. The landscape water balance analysis also showed that up to 2004, the runoff fraction in Kapuas Hulu Basin was low. However, there were already signs of degradation at smaller scale as shown in the result of scenario analysis in the D atah Dian sub-catchment. In this sub-catchment, around 3% of total rainfall becomes surface run off or amounting to 6 times the overall basin condition. The hydrological study also looked into the effect of the changes in forest cover into other land uses (agriculture systems, bush-fallow) to the total water balance, particularly the shift from base flow into soil quick flow or surface run off. These changes will have influence on the temporal pattern of river flow at a daily basis, but not on the weekly or monthly patterns. Future development of reward mechanisms in the area could be linked to activities that improve the (i) tree cover along river banks as well as (ii) converting non-productive land, as these areas are contributing to sedimentation in the river. The lack of existing hydrological data shows the important part of water and river monitoring activities in the overall scheme. To ensure that the hydrological condition of Kapuas Hulu basin can be maintained or improved, attention should be paid also to large logging activities as well as gold mining activities. environmental services assessment, environmental services reward mechanisms hydrological modelling, Indonesia, local knowledge, watershed function Southeast Asia English 0 Lusiana B, Widodo R, Mulyoutami E, Adi DK and van Noordwijk M. 2008. Assessing Hydrological Situation of Kapuas Hulu Basin, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan. Working Paper No. 57. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 67 p. GRP 6 1794 WP 91 WP0091-08 Agroforestry on the Interface of Orangutan Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Batang Toru (North Sumatra) James M Roshetko 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Working Paper no. 56 26 The Batang Toru area in North Sumatra supports the largest population of Sumatran Orangutan outside of formal conservation areas, as well as, a large human population. ICRAF and Winrock International analyzed the rich agroforestry livelihood systems of the area to: strengthen local support for conservation-based income alternatives to destructive forest practices; and catalyze local entrepreneurs to create sustainable economic alternative activities. The ICRAF-Winrock team conducted socioeconomic, land tenure assessment, spatial analysis, macroeconomic, and market studies to identify key threats, opportunities and the communities best positioned and most interested to collaborate in the effort. The Conservation and Livelihood Index was developed as a spatial analysis tool for landuse based negotiations between stakeholders. Five focal communities were selected and priority agroforestry crops identified as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), cacao (Theobroma cacao), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), durian (Durio zibethinus) and fruit and vegetable tree-products. The Team worked with participating farmer groups in each focal community to develop community priorities, enhance agroforestry skills, strengthen conservation awareness, and develop market understanding and linkages. An agroforestry extension approach evolved that held biweekly meetings with focal communities and utilized international, national, and local (farmer) technical and private sector specialists. Achievements include: over 1300 farmers trained at 13 events, rubber and cacao production increased by 10- 15%, 6 new farmer enterprises developed to increase household incomes, and 5 communities developed livelihood-conservation strategies. Key lessons learned include: traditional agroforestry livelihood systems are compatible with orangutan habitat conservation; ignoring valid land claims, particularly from conservation-minded communities, risks an escalation of tension and possible conflict that may make conservation efforts counter-productive; and conservation-livelihood strategy agreements are a valuable tool to achieve both community livelihood objectives and public conservation goals. Community-based conservation, agroforestry livelihood systems, sustainable economic alternatives, conservation-livelihood strategies, land tenure assessment, spatial analysis, agroforestry extension. Southeast Asia English 0 Roshetko, JM et al. 2007. Agroforestry on the Interface of Orangutan Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Batang Toru (North Sumatra). Working Paper no. 56Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 26 p. 1793 BK 120 BK0120-08 A Primer on Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, Rodel D Lasco, Grace B.Villamor, R Gerpacio, G Nilo and Karl L. Villegas 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines Philippines 40 Philippines English Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Lasco RD, Villamor GB, R Gerpacio , G Nilo and Villegas KL. 2007. A Primer on Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines. Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Philippines. 40 p. 1792 JA 276 JA0276-08 Baseline Carbon stocks assessment and projection of future carbon benefits of a carbon sequestration project in East Timor Rodel D Lasco and M Cardinoza 2007 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12 243-257 Philippines English Lasco RD and Cardinoza M. 2007. Baseline Carbon stocks assessment and projection of future carbon benefits of a carbon sequestration project in East Timor. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 12: P. 243-257. 1791 JA 275 JA0275-08 Analysis of leakage in carbon sequestration projects in forestry: a case study of upper magat watershed, Philippines Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin and Renezita F. Sales 2007 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12 1189-1211 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB and Sales RF. 2007. Analysis of leakage in carbon sequestration projects in forestry: a case study of upper magat watershed, Philippines. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 12: P. 1189-1211. 1790 JA 274 JA0274-08 Characterization of the roosting sites of the golden crowned Flying fox Acerodon jubaus and Philippine giant fruit bat Pteropus vampyrus and their effects on Dipterocarp forests Breganza E.O and Grace B.Villamor 2007 Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 3 2007 85-102 Philippines English Breganza E.O and Villamor GB. 2007. Characterization of the roosting sites of the golden crowned Flying fox Acerodon jubaus and Philippine giant fruit bat Pteropus vampyrus and their effects on Dipterocarp forests. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation. 3(2007):P. 85-102. 1789 PP 240 PP0240-08 Watershed services agreements: an analysis of benefits towards a pro-poor reward mechanism in Bakun, Philippines Grace B.Villamor, A Banatao, A Beta-a and Rodel D. Lasco 2007 Proceedings of the 2nd International WEPA Water Environment Partnership in Asia Forum December 2007 Beppu, Oita, Japan Oita, Japan 194-198 Philippines English Villamor GB, Banatao A, Beta-a A and Lasco RD. 2007. Watershed services agreements: an analysis of benefits towards a pro-poor reward mechanism in Bakun, Philippines. Proceedings of the 2nd International WEPA Water Environment Partnership in Asia Forum December 2007 Beppu. Oita, Japan. 1788 CR 32 CR0032-08 Resilience, rights and resources: two years of recovery in coastal zone Aceh World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. Resilience, rights and resources: two years of recovery in coastal zone Aceh. [CD-ROM]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1787 BK 119 BK0119-08 Agroforestry and land use in the Philippines Nestor T. Baguinon, Rodel D. Lasco, Damasa B. Macandog, Paula N. Pasicolan and Virgilio T. Villancio 2007 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 236 Philippines English Baguinon NT, Lasco RD, Macandog DB, Pasicolan PN and Villancio VT. 2007. Agroforestry and land use in the Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 236 p. 1786 RP 235 RP0235-08 Land, forest and people: facing the challenges in South-East Asia Marcus Colchester and Chip C Fay 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 55 Southeast Asia English Colchester M and Fay CC. Land, forest and people: facing the challenges in South-East Asia. Nairobi, Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2007. 55 p. 1785 PP 239 PP0239-08 Water levy as financing scheme for watershed protection - a city government initiative to rehabilitate the Baticulan watershed, Philippines Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D Lasco 2007 Proceedings of the 1st International Forum on Water Governance in Asia. March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand 125-129 Philippines English Villamor GB and Lasco RD. 2007. Water levy as financing scheme for watershed protection - a city government initiative to rehabilitate the Baticulan watershed, Philippines. Proceedings of the 1st International Forum on Water Governance in Asia. March 2007, Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand. 1784 RP 234 RP0234-08 Opportunities for Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: An interim report of the ASB partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Brent Swallow, Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Daniel Murdiyarso, Douglas White, Jim Gockowski, Glenn Hyman, Suseno Budidarsono, Valentina Robiglio, Vanessa Meadu, Andree Eka Dinata, Fahmuddin Agus, Kurniatun Hairiah, Peter Mbile, Denis J Sonwa and S... 2007 ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins Nairobi, Kenya 42 Southeast Asia Indonesian Swallow BM, van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Murdiyarso D, White D, Gockowski J, Hyman G, Budidarsono S, Robiglio V, Meadu V, Eka Dinata A, Agus F, Hairiah K, Mbile P, Sonwa DJ and Weise S. Opportunities for Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: An interim report of the ASB partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. Nairobi, Kenya. : ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins. 2007. 42 p. 1782 BR 18 BR0018-08 SEANAFE, because agroforestry is essentialto regional development SEANAFE 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 SEANAFE. 2007. SEANAFE, because agroforestry is essentialto regional development. [Brochure].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1776 BC 258 BC0258-08 Lessons on the Conditional Tenure and RiverCare Schemes in Sumberjaya, Indonesia: Conditionality in Payment for Environmental Services S. Suyanto 2007 Insight: Notes from the Field RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII) Bangkok, Thailand 2.2007 29-35 Southeast Asia English Suyanto S. 2007. Lessons on the Conditional Tenure and RiverCare Schemes in Sumberjaya, Indonesia: Conditionality in Payment for Environmental Services. Insight: Notes from the Field. Bangkok, Thailand. : RECOFTC, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Winrock International India (WII). P. 29-35. 1775 WP 90 WP0090-08 Livelihoods and Forest Resources in Aceh and Nias for a Sustainable Forest Resource Management and Economic Progress: Report of the project identification study Suseno Budidarsono, Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Budi, Laxman Joshi and Sinung Hendratno 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper Number 55 55 Agroforestry, tsunami, tree crops, environment, rubber, cacao Southeast Asia English 0 Budidarsono S, Wulan YC, Budi , Joshi L and Hendratno S. 2007. Livelihoods and Forest Resources in Aceh and Nias for a Sustainable Forest Resource Management and Economic Progress: Report of the project identification study. ICRAF Working Paper Number 55. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 55 p. 1774 WP 89 WP0089-07 Towards community-driven conservation in southwest China: Reconciling state and local perceptions Xu Jianchu and David Melick 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Beijing, China ICRAF Working Paper Number 52 34 Conserving biodiversity and ecosystems is now a priority in China. Consequently, the country has followed western conservation models by creating large numbers of public protected areas. However, this approach often disenfranchises local people, not only causing resentment and denying them access to territory and environmental services, but also failing to draw on their experience of long-term land management. The case of Yunnan illustrates how state perceptions of biodiversity and the administration of protected areas often comprise a simplified view conflicting with local customs, usages, and insights into the interaction between people and nature ? interactions that may be mutually beneficial. With reference to the unique aspects of Chinese history, society, national character, and political systems, this paper analyses conservation planning in China and calls for reconciling state and local perceptions about conservation and further development of cooperative relationships between the state and communities to formulate conservation policy: community-driven conservation. Such relationships are being recognized around the world as a way of binging about more balanced and pragmatic conservation management and harmony in society. Biodiversity, community conservation, reconciling, perceptions China English 0 Xu Jianchu and Melick D. 2007. Towards community-driven conservation in southwest China: Reconciling state and local perceptions. ICRAF Working Paper Number 52 Beijing, China. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 34 p. 1773 BK 118 BK0118-07 China-Agroforestry Programme: Strategic framework and Medium-term plan 2008 - 2012 China-Agroforestry Programme, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Beijing, China 33 China English 0 China-Agroforestry Programme, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 2007. China-Agroforestry Programme: Strategic framework and Medium-term plan 2008 - 2012. Beijing, China. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 33 p. 1772 BK 117 BK0117-07 World Agroforestry Centre China Programme: A review of activities, 2002-2007 China Programme 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Beijing, China 24 China English 0 China Programme. 2007. World Agroforestry Centre China Programme: A review of activities, 2002-2007. Beijing, China. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 24 p. 1771 LE 77 LE0077-07 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Sustainable Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Brent Swallow, Herry Purnomo and Daniel Murdiyarso 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Swallow BM, Purnomo H and Murdiyarso D. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Sustainable. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1770 LE 76 LE0076-07 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Deforestation Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Brent Swallow, Herry Purnomo and Daniel Murdiyarso 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Swallow BM, Purnomo H and Murdiyarso D. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Deforestation. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1769 LE 75 LE0075-07 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Benefit Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Brent Swallow, Herry Purnomo and Daniel Murdiyarso 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Swallow BM, Purnomo H and Murdiyarso D. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Benefit. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1768 LE 74 LE0074-07 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Avoided Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Brent Swallow, Herry Purnomo and Daniel Murdiyarso 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Swallow BM, Purnomo H and Murdiyarso D. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits (ADSB) in Indonesia-research brief Avoided. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1767 LE 73 LE0073-07 Deforestasi yang Terhindarkan dengan Manfaat yang Berkelanjutan: Sebuah Cara Sederhana untuk Mengurangi Emisi Karbon dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Deforestasi yang Terhindarkan dengan Manfaat yang Berkelanjutan: Sebuah Cara Sederhana untuk Mengurangi Emisi Karbon dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1766 LE 72 LE0072-07 Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: A Simple Way to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Brent Swallow and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya Southeast Asia English 0 Swallow BM and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: A Simple Way to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation. [Leaflet].Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1765 MN 37 MN0037-07 Land Suitability Evaluation with a case map of Aceh Barat District Sofyan Ritung, Wahyunto, Fahmuddin Agus and Hapid Hidayat 2007 Indonesian Soil Research Institute and World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia Bogor, Indonesia 42 Southeast Asia English This booklet has been prepared as a guideline for the district government of Aceh Barat for spatial lay-outing of tree crops suitable for its coastal areas. The principles and methods of developing land suitability map as explained in this booklet are not specific for Aceh Barat such that this booklet is relevant for land use planners and those dealing with land management in general. 0 Ritung S, W, Agus F and Hidayat H. 2007. Land Suitability Evaluation with a case map of Aceh Barat District. Bogor, Indonesia. : Indonesian Soil Research Institute and World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia. 42 p. 1764 MN 36 MN0036-07 Panduan Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dengan Contoh Peta Arahan Penggunaan Lahan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Sofyan Ritung, Wahyunto, Fahmuddin Agus and Hapid Hidayat 2007 Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Bogor, Indonesia 48 Southeast Asia Indonesian Buku ini disusun sebagai panduan untuk membantu Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Barat menata kembali secara spasial tanaman pohon-pohonan yang sesuai untuk daerah pantai Aceh Barat. Prinsip dan metode yang diuraikan dalam buku ini tidak spesifik untuk Aceh Barat sehingga buku ini relevan untuk para perencana penggunaan lahan dan mereka yang bergerak di bidang pengelolaan lahan pada umumnya. 0 Ritung S, W, Agus F and Hidayat H. 2007. Panduan Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dengan Contoh Peta Arahan Penggunaan Lahan Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Bogor, Indonesia. : Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). 48 p. 1763 JA 273 JA0273-07 Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry Louis V. Verchot, Meine van Noordwijk, Serigne Kandji, Thomas P Tomich, Chin K Ong, Alain Albrecht, Jens Mackensen, Cynthia Bantilan, K.V. Anupama and Cheryl A Palm 2007 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Springer 12 5 901-918 Agriculture is the human enterprise that is most vulnerable to climate change. Tropical agriculture, particularly subsistence agriculture is particularly vulnerable, as smallholder farmers do not have adequate resources to adapt to climate change. While agroforestry may play a significant role in mitigating the atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG), it also has a role to play in helping smallholder farmers adapt to climate change. In this paper, we examine data on the mitigation potential of agroforestry in the humid and sub-humid tropics. We then present the scientific evidence that leads to the expectation that agroforestry also has an important role in climate change adaptation, particularly for small holder farmers. We conclude with priority research questions that need to be answered concerning the role of agroforestry in both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Tropical agriculture, Small-scale farmers, Rural development, Poverty alleviation Southeast Asia English Verchot LV, van Noordwijk M, Kandji S, Tomich TP, Ong CK, Albrecht A, Mackensen J, Bantilan C, Anupama K and Palm CA. 2007. Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 12(5):P. 901-918. 1762 RP 233 RP0233-07 Carbon Losses and Sequestration potential of alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture C.A Palm, Meine van Noordwijk, Paul L Woomer, J Alegre, C Castilla, D G Cordeiro, Kurniatun Hairiah, J Kotto-Same, A Moukam, R Njomgang, A Ricse and V Rodrigues 2000 82-83 Southeast Asia English Palm C, van Noordwijk M, Woomer PL, Alegre J, Castilla C, Cordeiro DG, Hairiah K, Kotto-Same J, Moukam A, Njomgang R, Ricse A and Rodrigues V. Carbon Losses and Sequestration potential of alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture. : 2000. 82-83 p. 1761 JA 272 JA0272-07 Pengaruh pemanasan terhadap status C dan N tanah dalam praktek tebang bakar Cahyo Prayogo, Kurniatun Hairiah and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 Agrivita 23 1 52-56 Southeast Asia Indonesian Prayogo C, Hairiah K and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Pengaruh pemanasan terhadap status C dan N tanah dalam praktek tebang bakar. Agrivita. 23(1):P. 52-56. 1760 JA 271 JA0271-07 Kuantifikasi modal dan distribusi karbon dalam system tebang bakar pada lahan berlereng di Rantau Pandan, Jambi Cahyo Prayogo, Kurniatun Hairiah and Meine van Noordwijk 2000 Agrivita 22 2 91-102 Southeast Asia Indonesian Prayogo C, Hairiah K and van Noordwijk M. 2000. Kuantifikasi modal dan distribusi karbon dalam system tebang bakar pada lahan berlereng di Rantau Pandan, Jambi. Agrivita. 22(2):P. 91-102. 1759 MN 35 MN0035-07 Pengukuran karbon tersimpan di berbagai macam penggunaan lahan Kurniatun Hairiah and Subekti Rahayu 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 77 Southeast Asia Indonesian Buku ini memberikan informasi mengenai latar belakang mengapa penyimpanan karbon (C) perlu diukur dan apa saja yang diukur untuk mengetahui penyimpanan C pada suatu lahan. Metoda pengukuran C ini merupakan metoda standard yang digunakan oleh kelompok peneliti yang tergabung dalam jaringan international Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB). Secara rinci, buku ini juga memaparkan bagaimana cara mengukur penyimpanan C pada tingkat plot maupun tingkat kawasan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai panduan bagi petugas lapangan dan pengambil kebijakan dalam memahami masalah perubahan iklim global 0 Hairiah K and Rahayu S. Pengukuran karbon tersimpan di berbagai macam penggunaan lahan. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 77 p. 1758 PP 237 PP0237-07 Community Forest Management (CFM) Carbon Mitigation Projects in the Philippines Rodel D Lasco and Florencia B Pulhin 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines 10 Philippine forest lands have a great potential to sequester and store carbon. Here we present CFM-based climate change mitigation projects in the Philippines. Two projects are relatively advanced in developing A/R projects: the Laguna Lake project and the Sierra Madre project. For the former, the main proponents/sellers are the Municipality of Tanay and the LLDA. The implementers will be farmers in the Tanay watershed. For the project period (2004-2014), the project will have total net carbon benefits of 3,204 tC (11,759 tCO2-e) and 1,424 (5,230 tCO2-e) under the high and low scenarios, respectively. The anticipated Total Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) Value is US$ 31,380 for the low scenario and US$70,554 for the high scenario. The buyer of carbon credits is the BioCarbon Fund of the World Bank at US$ 4 per t CO2-e. The Sierra Madre project is estimated to sequester a total of 512,000 tC for 30 years, most of which will come from the reforestation component. No buyer has yet been identified and preparation of PDD is underway. Philippines English Lasco RD and Pulhin FB. Community Forest Management (CFM) Carbon Mitigation Projects in the Philippines. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1757 WP 88 WP0088-07 Biofuels in China: An Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Jatropha Curcas in Southwest China Horst Weyerhaeuser, Timm Tennigkeit, Su Yufang and Fredrich Kahrl 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF China ICRAF Working Paper Number 53 27 Over the past decade China has quietly emerged as the world?s third largest biofuel producer. Concerned over rising food prices, in June 2007 China?s central government banned the use of grain-based feedstocks for biofuel production and reoriented the country?s bioenergy plans toward perennial crops grown on marginal land. One such crop, Jatropha curcas, has emerged as a high potential biodiesel feedstock because of its adaptability to the diverse growing conditions where China?s marginal land is abundant. Provincial governments in Southwest China, for instance, have drafted ambitious plans to increase Jatropha by over one million hectares in the next decade. This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges for the development of a Jatropha industry in Southwest China. Given the scarcity of data on Jatropha productivity and economics, we argue that plans to rapidly expand Jatropha acreage and refining capacity could jeopardize the industry?s longer-term viability. Alternatively, a commitment to silvicultural, engineering, and economic research could set the industry on a more sustainable path. China, biofuels, energy policy, Jatropha China English 0 Weyerhaeuser H, Tennigkeit T, Yufang S and Kahrl F. 2007. Biofuels in China: An Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Jatropha Curcas in Southwest China. ICRAF Working Paper Number 53. China. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 27 p. 1756 PP 236 PP0236-07 Engaging Stakeholders in Integrated Natural Resource Management: approaches and guidelines from Landcare Delia Catacutan and Joseph Tanui 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 1-8 The world is becoming more integrated, and ?integration? surfaces as the most important concept in modern society. It is a concept that emerges strongly in the field of natural resource management (NRM) because of the complexity of the systems involved. Although resource degradation is a physical process, its underlying causes are deeply rooted in complex socio-cultural, economic and political contexts. Integrated approaches require greater involvement of different types of stakeholders, but the obstacles to successful stakeholder engagement remain, despite the growing recognition of its benefits to NRM. It is argued that stakeholder engagement is not inherently difficult?the difficulties are externally imposed, by the way the rules of engagement are set. Government decentralization is a policy trend that is favourable for stakeholder engagement at the local level, providing ample scope for integration, negotiation and collaboration. This paper presents examples of approaches and guidelines for stakeholder engagement in Landcare-- a community-based approach that employs innovative solutions to NRM challenges, fostering greater stakeholder engagement by linking farmers with the broader community and helping them influence NRM policy. Landcare focuses on empowering local people to willingly take action on local problems, and integrating actions to address broader issues. As an approach, Landcare has a wider applicability within differing or similar biophysical, socio-cultural and political contexts, with some 17 countries or multilateral organizations in the Pacific, Africa, America, Europe, and South East Asia who are either independently implementing Landcare programmes, or receiving limited support to initiate them. The common elements to stakeholder engagment are emphasis on the broad ?relevance?of Landcare, linking it to wide-ranging sectoral interests, emphasis on ?inclusiveness?, emphasis on home-grown methods or structures?less imposition of external ones, and use of step-wise approach?in size, scope, content and process. In summary, broad stakeholder engagement has been successful with Landcare, because it serves as a platform for all walks of life to fully express their land ethos in a concerted way. Landcare is thus a ?proof of concept?, demonstrating successful stakeholder engagement in NRM. Integrated NRM, stakeholder, Landcare Philippines English Catacutan D and Tanui J. 2007. Engaging Stakeholders in Integrated Natural Resource Management: approaches and guidelines from Landcare. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1755 TD 149 TD0149-07 Using Native Timber Trees for Recovering Degraded Landscapes in the Philippines: Social, biophysical and economic assessment of agroforestry systems practised by smallholder farmers Fernando Santos Martin 2007 Cordoba University Madrid, Spain 150 Forestry Department of Cordoba University Phd Southeast Asia English Martin FS. 2007. Using Native Timber Trees for Recovering Degraded Landscapes in the Philippines: Social, biophysical and economic assessment of agroforestry systems practised by smallholder farmers. Madrid, Spain. : Cordoba University. 150 p. 1754 JA 270 JA0270-07 Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia S. Suyanto, Noviana Khususiyah and Beria Leimona 2007 Ecology and Society The Resilience Alliance 12 2 13 Local communities in developing countries are often forbidden to earn their livelihood from stateowned forests, but nonetheless local people commonly manage these lands and depend on them to survive. In these places, community participation is the key to successful conservation programs intended to rehabilitate environmental functions and produce environmental services for beneficiaries outside the area. This paper reviews the relationship between poverty and environmental services and briefly discusses the main ways in which approaches that rely on payment for environmental services are thought likely to alleviate poverty. It also discusses the poverty profile and inequality of upland dwellers in the Sumberjaya watershed in Indonesia?s Lampung Province, using income, education, and land-holding indicators. Data related to these three indicators were collected from intensive household surveys and interviews and used via Gini decomposition to measure inequality. In addition, analysis of data on stem at breast height and horizontal root diameter of coffee and other noncoffee trees planted on coffee farms showed that index of root shallowness could be used as an estimator of environmental services. This study revealed that state forest land in Lampung Province, Indonesia, not only provides important income for poor farmers but also leads to a more equitable distribution of income and land holdings. These farmers have also successfully rehabilitated degraded land by establishing coffee-based agroforestry. As found in other recent studies, these findings show that coffeebased agroforestry can perform watershed service functions similar to those of natural, undisturbed forests. This supports the argument that poor farmers who provide environmental services through their activities in state-owned forests should be rewarded with land rights as a policy to alleviate poverty. coffee trees; agroforestry; environmental services; equity; poverty; payment for environmental services; watershed; Lampung Province; Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 Suyanto S, Khususiyah N and Leimona B. 2007. Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Ecology and Society. 12(2):P. 13. 1753 LE 71 LE0071-07 A partnership approach to rubber eco-certification: preserving biodiversity and marketing jungle rubber 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 2007. A partnership approach to rubber eco-certification: preserving biodiversity and marketing jungle rubber. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1752 WP 87 WP0087-07 Buyers? Perspectives on Environmental Services (ES) and Commoditization as an Approach to Liberate ES Markets in the Philippines Grace B.Villamor, Meine van Noordwijk, Flordeliz Agra and Delia Catacutan 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Philippines Working Paper no 51 23 A study was conducted to understand the perspectives of buyers on environmental services (ES) markets in the Philippines. A total of 25 companies involved in various ES markets served as respondents. Of these, 56 percent were from government-owned companies and 44 percent from privately-owned companies. The majority of these companies, mostly government-owned, are engaged in water services. Privately-owned companies are primarily engaged in biodiversity and provision of landscape beauty. Most companies or buyers are compelled to pay for ES by the mandate of law, or for regulatory compliance. Some companies view ES from a business perspective and are therefore motivated by the business case in ES markets, as well as some ethical values. A total of 84% of the respondent companies are convinced about the business case of the concept of Payments for Environmental Services (PES), but have differently interpreted this concept. On the buyers? side, a growing demand for ES is an important precondition in ES markets. Some ES beneficiaries perceived payments as a generous way of showing environmental awareness and advocacy. There are ES markets that have strong economic potential, and commoditization is seen as a viable approach to encourage them. A means to commoditize some environmental services to liberate ES markets is proposed in this study. Environmental services (ES) market buyers, commoditization, motivation, payments for environmental services (PES) Philippines English 0 Villamor GB, van Noordwijk M, Agra F and Catacutan D. 2007. Buyers’ Perspectives on Environmental Services (ES) and Commoditization as an Approach to Liberate ES Markets in the Philippines. Working Paper no 51. Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 23 p. 1751 TD 148 TD0148-07 Strategi coping keluarga yang terkena musibah gempa dan tsunami di provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Siti Maryam 2007 Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 155 Southeast Asia Indonesian Maryam S. 2007. Strategi coping keluarga yang terkena musibah gempa dan tsunami di provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. 155 p. 1750 TD 147 TD0147-07 Keanekaragaman jenis kelelawar ( Chiroptera ) pada beberapa tipe habitat di sekitar kawasan taman nasional kerinci seblat Pandam Nugroho Prasetyo 2007 Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jakarta, Indonesia 90 Southeast Asia Indonesian Prasetyo PN. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis kelelawar (Chiroptera) pada beberapa tipe habitat di sekitar kawasan taman nasional kerinci seblat. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 90 p. 1749 TD 146 TD0146-07 Keanekaragaman jenis kumbang tinja ( Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea ) pada berbagai tipe habitat di sekitar kawasan taman nasional kerinci seblat (TNKS) Nur Hariyanto 2007 Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jakarta, Indonesia 102 Southeast Asia Indonesian Hariyanto N. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis kumbang tinja (Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) pada berbagai tipe habitat di sekitar kawasan taman nasional kerinci seblat (TNKS). Jakarta, Indonesia. : Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 102 p. 1747 MN 20 MN0020-07 Perbanyakan dan budidaya tanaman buah-buahan: Pedoman lapang edisi kedua Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Suparman, James M Roshetko and Mulawarman 2007 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International Bogor, Indonesia 51 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Purnomosidhi P, Suparman , Roshetko JM and Mulawarman . 2007. Perbanyakan dan budidaya tanaman buah-buahan: Pedoman lapang edisi kedua. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and Winrock International. 51 p. 1746 WP 86 WP0086-07 Ninna-Ninna Adoung Taman Nasional di Son! Martua T Sirait 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper no 44 48 Kawasan Hutan, Land Tenure, Taman Nasional Southeast Asia Indonesian - English 0 Sirait MT. 2007. Nina-Nina Adoung Taman Nasional di Son!. ICRAF Working Paper no 44 Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 48 p. 1745 BC 257 BC0257-07 Pruned-Tree Hedgerow Fallow Systems in Mindanao, Philippines Peter D Suson, Dennis P Garrity and Rodel D. Lasco Malcolm Cairns 2007 Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming RFF Press Philippines English Suson PD, Garrity DP and R.D. Lasco . 2007. Pruned-Tree Hedgerow Fallow Systems in Mindanao, Philippines. In: Cairns M,eds. Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. RFF Press. 1744 BC 255 BC0255-07 The Naalad Improved Fallow System in the Philippines and its Implications for Global Warming Rodel D Lasco Malcolm Cairns 2007 Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming RFF Press Philippines English Lasco RD. 2007. The Naalad Improved Fallow System in the Philippines and its Implications for Global Warming. In: Cairns M,eds. Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. RFF Press. 1743 BC 256 BC0256-07 Use of Leucaena leucocephala to Intensify Indigenous Fallow Rotations in Sulawesi, Indonesia Fahmudin Agus Malcolm Cairns 2007 Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming RFF Press Southeast Asia English Agus F. 2007. Use of Leucaena leucocephala to Intensify Indigenous Fallow Rotations in Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Cairns M,eds. Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. RFF Press. 1742 CR 30 CR0030-07 Hutan Kemasyarakatan Lampung Barat World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Kebijakan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di Indonesia dimulai tahun 1995 di bawah payung SK Menhut no 31/Kpts-II/2001. HKm didefinisikan sebagai: Hutan negara dengan sistem pengelolaan hutan yang bertujuan memberdayakan masyarakat (meningkatkan nilai ekonomi, nilai budaya, memberikan manfaat/benefit kepada masyarakat pengelola, dan masyarakat setempat), tanpa mengganggu fungsi pokoknya (meningkatkan fungsi hutan dan fungsi kawasan , pemanfaatan kawasan, pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan, pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu, pemanfaatan hasil hutan bukan kayu dengan tetap menjaga fungsi kawasan hutan). HKm menjawab dua permasalahan besar, yakni (1) kemiskinan dan (2) keterbatasan lahan garapan (land tenure security), yang melahirkan permasalahan baru yaitu ketersediaan pangan. Program HKm diharapkan dapat menyediakan dan menjaga sistem ketahanan pangan. HKm di Lampung Barat, dilakukan sejak tahun 1999. Pada awalnya, sebanyak 5 kelompok dijadikan kelompok pilot, dan ICRAF merupakan salah satu lembaga yang memfasilitasi. Sampai dengan sekarang, kabupaten tersebut telah mengeluarkan sebanyak 31 ijin Hkm. Seluas 28.759,9 Ha telah diserahkan hak pengelolaannya kepada masyarakat dan mendukung keberlangsungan hidup 8.863 Kepala Keluarga. Saat dokumen ini dibuat, sejumlah ijin definitif dan ijin sementara tengah diproses di pemda Lampung Barat. Dan sekarang model HKm di Lampung Barat dijadikan percontohan pelaksanaan HKm se Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. Hutan Kemasyarakatan Lampung Barat. [CD-ROM].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1741 CR 29 CR0029-07 KMPH - Mitra Wana Lestari Sejahtera Penerima CBFM Award World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) merupakan praktek-praktek pengelolaan hutan, dan masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama dalam mengelola serta memanfaatkan hasil hutan, baik di kawasan hutan negara maupun non negara. Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) merupakan salah satu model praktek CBFM yang dapat diterapkan di Hutan Lindung dan Hutan Produksi. Tahun 2006 Kelompok HKm Mitra Wana Lestari Sejahtera (MWLS) meraih penghargaan CBFM Award dari Menteri Kehutanan untuk kategori Inisiator Pengembangan HKm di Indonesia, kelompok tersebut merupakan kelompok yang difasilitasi ICRAF di Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat, Indonesia. Keberhasilan kelompok MWLS merubah lahan yang degradasi, dari praktek-praktek monokultur kopi, menjadi sistem kompleks agroforestry telah membawa kelompok ini menerima penghargaan CBFM award dari Menteri Kehutanan Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. KMPH - Mitra Wana Lestari Sejahtera Penerima CBFM Award. [CD-ROM].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1740 PO 118 PO0118-07 Hutan Kemasyarakatan (Hkm) Lampung Barat dalam kontribusi Mitigasi Climate Change dan menuju Millenium Development Goals (MDG?s) Nurka Cahyaningsih 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Cahyaningsih N. Hutan Kemasyarakatan (Hkm) Lampung Barat dalam kontribusi Mitigasi Climate Change dan menuju Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s). : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1739 BC 254 BC0254-07 The Role of Land Tenure in the Development of Cinnamon Agroforestry in Kerinci, Sumatra S. Suyanto, Thomas P Tomich and Keijiro Otsuka Malcolm Cairns 2007 Voices from the Forest Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming RFF Press Southeast Asia English Suyanto S, Tomich TP and Otsuka K. 2007. The Role of Land Tenure in the Development of Cinnamon Agroforestry in Kerinci, Sumatra. In: Cairns M,eds. Voices from the Forest Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. RFF Press. 1738 BC 253 BC0253-07 Technical Summary Parry, M.L., O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof and Co-authors M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson 2007 Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 23-78 Philippines English Parry, M.L., O.F. Canziani , J.P. Palutikof and Co-authors . 2007. Technical Summary. In: M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani , J.P. Palutikof , P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson ,eds. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK. : Cambridge University Press. P. 23-78. 1737 BC 252 BC0252-07 Summary for Policymakers IPCC M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson 2007 Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 7-22 Philippines English IPCC. 2007. Summary for Policymakers. In: M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani , J.P. Palutikof , P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson ,eds. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK. : Cambridge University Press. P. 7-22. 1736 BC 251 BC0251-07 Perspectives on climate change and sustainability Yohe, G.W., R.D. Lasco, Q.K. Ahmad, N.W. Arnell, S.J. Cohen, C. Hope, A.C. Janetos and R.T. Perez M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson 2007 Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 811-841 Philippines English Yohe, G.W., R.D. Lasco , Q.K. Ahmad , N.W. Arnell , S.J. Cohen , C. Hope , A.C. Janetos and R.T. Perez . 2007. Perspectives on climate change and sustainability. In: M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani , J.P. Palutikof , P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson ,eds. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK. : Cambridge University Press. P. 811-841. 1735 JA 269 JA0269-07 Plant and bird diversity in rubber agroforests in the lowlands of Sumatra, Indonesia Hendrien J Beukema, F Danielsen, Gregoire Vincent, S Hardiwinoto and Van Andel J 2007 Agroforestry Systems 70 217-242 Southeast Asia English Beukema HJ, Danielsen F, Vincent G, Hardiwinoto S and Van Andel J. 2007. Plant and bird diversity in rubber agroforests in the lowlands of Sumatra, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems. 70: P. 217-242. 1734 WP 85 WP0085-07 Socio-Economic Aspects of Brackish Water Aquaculture (Tambak) Production in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Indra Zainun, Suseno Budidarsono, Yanis Rinaldi and Mifftachhuddin Cut Adek 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and The Ford Foundation Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper no 46 71 The December 2004 tsunami brought Aceh and its coastal zone to the forefront of public interest and discussions on the environment and development. Conversion of mangrove forest to brackish-water aquaculture (tambak) in the 1980s almost certainly increased the death toll from the tsunami. The devastation was unprecedented in recorded human history. Thousands of hectares of brackish water aquaculture (tambak) mature for harvest, which is the main livelihood for the NAD province coastal community, were swiped away in minutes. Tambak rehabilitation is a strategic intervention aimed at restoring the livelihoods of thousands of people living in coastal areas of the province. Although external assistance is required, post tsunami tambak aquaculture rehabilitation efforts in NAD province by external parties (such as donor institutions and development drivers) have been hindered by their limited knowledge of the socioeconomic and environment aspects of tambak aquaculture; hence, to determine the appropriate interventions for tambak rehabilitation which will restore community life post tsunami. The objective of this study is to contribute to the debate on rehabilitation strategies by clarifying the social, economic and legal issues that relate to the development of tambaks in the mangrove zone. Five aspects of tambak systems explored in the study: tambak holding patterns in NAD province pre-tsunami, job opportunities in tambak aquaculture, tambak production systems, legal aspects of tambak ownership in NAD province and tambak management patterns, pre and post tsunami. Data collection was conducted over 20 days (2-21 December 2005) using the Rapid Rural Appraisal technique; secondary data documentation, field observation, group interviews, and focus group discussions using semi-structured interview guidelines. Brackish water aquaculture in Aceh started in the 1940s by Ulee Balang, in the form of traditional earthen pond systems that depended on tidal water exchange for wild seed supply and maintenance of water quality. Brackish-water pond establishment along the north-east coast grew rapidly in the late 1970s in line with the development of semi-intensive shrimp farming. Extensive conversion of mangrove forest for shrimp farming in Aceh began in the early 1960s, when a Medan-based investor provided a credit scheme for shrimp culture to groups of 40 farmers. With regard to property rights, not all tambak are established on privately owned land. It is estimated that 19.8% of the tambak area in the 12 villages under study are established on non-private land and only 36.5% of those on privately-owned land have land certificates. Land with this kind of secured title is mostly found in the urban areas closest to Banda Aceh (Tibang and Lambaro skep, 99.5% and 44.9% respectively) and Pidie (Baroh Lancok, 43.9%). In rural areas, the amount of private land with land certificates is very low, less than 15%. It is important to develop a sustainable strategic livelihood for the future on lands where people are vulnerable to eviction. The cost of tambak rehabilitation per hectare is estimated at between Rp. 5.89 million and Rp 32.41 million depending upon the level of damage and the method used; capital intensive (using ba ck hoe) or labor intensive (done manually). Labor intensive rehabilitation will never work to reconstruct severely damaged tambak, while other level damage can do both. Ex ante financial assessment of brackish water pond production after reconstruction finds out that traditional systems practiced by the largest tambak operator in the province, are still profitable under 15% discount rate, assuming that the survival rate for shrimp fry and milk fish is 48% and 70% respectively, with initial capital ranges from about Rp 18.5 million to Rp 45 million per hectare (cost of establishment and working capital). Hence, in normal conditions, this amount is affordable. However, in situation such as exists in Aceh at present, it is not affordable for smallholder shrimp/fish farmers. At the other extreme, an intensive tambak system requires more initial capital ranging from Rp. 57.86 - 84.1 million. This provides the highest profitability, although it assumes a production scenario whereby there will only be seven effective years out of 11. All these calculations do not internalize the social cost of mangroves lost, the environmental and social damage associated with problems of pollution, the public health risks and salinization caused by intensive shrimp farming. These factors are in stark contrast to the values of communal ownership, coastal protection and domestic food supply intrinsic to intact mangroves. These values need to be monetized to provide more comprehensive information to national governments and international funding organizations which have been working on tambak rehabilitation in Aceh. Institutions that protect local communities and the environment from short term profit-makers must be developed and supported and their rules must be enforced. Although estimates indicate that the ?social value? of intact mangroves is much higher than the ?private value? of converted mangroves, there is no mechanism to provide benefits which might prompt those with the right to convert mangroves to reconsider their decisions. Part of the tsunami damage can thus be seen as the result of institutional failure to internalize externalities. From an employment generation point of view, brackish-water aquaculture is a good option because it has a reasonably better return to labor than that of other agricultural activities in rural areas. Brackish-water aquaculture requires 395?813 person-days per hectare per year to operate, depending on the technology. It appears that intensive systems would provide more employment for local communities, however this does not always happen in reality. The experience in Aceh is that tambak operators are often not from the local community and so very little local labor is employed. This can create tension between local communities and migrant laborers working the intensive shrimp farms. The capacity of coastal ecosystems to regenerate after disasters and to continue to produce resources and services for human livelihoods can no longer be taken for granted. Socioecological resilience must be understood at a broader scale and actively managed and nurtured. Incentives for generating ecological knowledge and translating this into information that can be used in governance are essential. The ?human causation? element of the tsunami impact has received a lot of attention for the most coastal zone which lost its protective mangroves in the 1980s due to conversion to other commercial uses. Attention to ?human causation? is in line with a general tendency that judges the seriousness of an environmental loss by what caused it. The effects on the rest of the coast are more difficult to quantify, but are still important in the debate. The social cost of past conversion of mangroves to tambaks was previously estimated primarily based on the value of open-sea fisheries. Therefore, tambak rehabilitation should consider the balance between the economic potential of coastal resources and environmental problems that could occur in the future as a result of exploiting coastal reso urces. The conflict between public and private interest should be internalized into the rehabilitation process. Multilevel social networks are crucial for developing social capital and for supporting the legal, political, and financial frameworks that enhance sources of social and ecological resilience. Brackish water aquaculture, economic assessment, land holding, mangrove, tsunami, return to labor Southeast Asia English 0 Zainun I, Budidarsono S, Rinaldi Y and Adek MC. 2007. Socio-Economic Aspects of Brackish Water Aquaculture (Tambak) Production in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. ICRAF Working Paper no 46 Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office and The Ford Foundation. 71 p. 1731 MN 19 MN0019-07 Diversified Farming System. BHR Villoria and Alexander U.Tabbada 2005 Department of Agriculture, Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao Davao City, Philippines In: Trainer’s Manual on Agricultural Extension and Land Management Philippines English Villoria B and Tabbada AU. 2005. Diversified Farming System.. Davao City, Philippines. : Department of Agriculture, Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao. 1730 MN 18 MN0018-07 Soil and Water Conservation in the Upland Alexander U.Tabbada 2005 Department of Agriculture, Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao Davao City, Philippines In: Trainer’s Manual on Agricultural Extension and Land Management Philippines English Tabbada AU. 2005. Soil and Water Conservation in the Upland. Davao City, Philippines. : Department of Agriculture, Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao. 1729 BL 33 BL0033-07 Ang Farmers Traing Group (FTG). A Primer Alexander U.Tabbada and Dinah Q.Tabbada 2005 Davao City, Philippines Philippines English Tabbada AU and Tabbada DQ. Ang Farmers Traing Group (FTG). A Primer. Davao City, Philippines. : 2005. 1728 BC 250 BC0250-07 Microwatershed Enhancement Through Community Participation: A pilot approach to carbon finance AC Santos and Rodel D. Lasco Daniel Murdiyarso and Hety Herawati 2005 Carbon Forestry: Who Will Benefit? CIFOR Bogor, Indonesia 149-155 Philippines English Santos A and Lasco R. 2005. Microwatershed Enhancement Through Community Participation: A pilot approach to carbon finance. In: Murdiyarso D and Herawati H,eds. Carbon Forestry: Who Will Benefit?. Bogor, Indonesia. : CIFOR. P. 149-155. 1727 WP 84 WP0084-07 Learning from Institution and Designing a Landcare Support Agency MN Dano 2006 Philippines Philippines-Australia Landcare Project Working Paper Number 9, December 2006. Philippines English Dano MN. 2006. Learning from Institution and Designing a Landcare Support Agency. Philippines. : 1726 WP 83 WP0083-07 Landcare in the Southern Philippines: Past, Present and Future R Cramb, MN Dano, Delia Catacutan and N.Vock 2006 Philippines Philippines-Australia Landcare Project Working Paper Number 8, 2006 Philippines English Cramb R, Dano MN , Catacutan D and Vock N. 2006. Landcare in the Southern Philippines: Past, Present and Future. Philippines. : 1725 MN 17 MN0017-07 G. Cordero 2005 Philippines Philippines English 1724 MN 16 MN0016-07 2005 Philippines Philippines English 1723 PP 235 PP0235-07 Conservation Farming through Ridge Tillage System and Natural Vegetative Filter Strips: Enhance Maize Productivity, Profitability and Sustainability Agustin Mercado Jr 2007 Quezon City, Philippines Paper presented during the Symposium cum Workshop on Conservation Farming held at the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM), Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines on February 27-28, 2007 Philippines English Mercado Jr A. 2007. Conservation Farming through Ridge Tillage System and Natural Vegetative Filter Strips: Enhance Maize Productivity, Profitability and Sustainability. Quezon City, Philippines. 1722 PP 234 PP0234-07 Building Extension Systems for Decentralized Natural Resource Management: Lessons from the Landcare Experience MN Dano, Delia Catacutan, Agustin Mercado Jr and Manuel Bertomeu 2006 ACTETSME Laguna, Philippines Paper presented at the ISSAAS’ National Conference on Natural Resource Management in Agriculture at ACTETSME, UP Los Baños Campus, Laguna, 26 October 2006 Philippines English Dano MN, Catacutan D, Mercado Jr A and Bertomeu M. 2006. Building Extension Systems for Decentralized Natural Resource Management: Lessons from the Landcare Experience. Laguna, Philippines. ACTETSME. 1721 PP 233 PP0233-07 Local Participation in Environmental Policy and Planning: Engaging with upland communities in the Southern Philippines MN Dano 2006 The Australian National University Australia Paper presented at the Environmental Policy and Planning Course, Australian National University, Australia. May 2006. Philippines English Dano MN. 2006. Local Participation in Environmental Policy and Planning: Engaging with upland communities in the Southern Philippines. Australia. The Australian National University. 1720 TD 145 TD0145-07 Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Daun Terhadap Produksi Berbagai Karet Klon Pada Sistem Wanatani Berbasis Karet Jasnari 2006 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian Muara Bungo Bogor, Indonesia 50 Budidaya Pertanian Bachelor Southeast Asia Indonesian Jasnari. 2006. Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Daun Terhadap Produksi Berbagai Karet Klon Pada Sistem Wanatani Berbasis Karet. Bogor, Indonesia. : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian Muara Bungo. 50 p. 1719 MN 15 MN0015-07 Formulating the Natural Resources Management and Development Plan: A Facilitator Guide D.C. Catacutan, Eduardo E. Queblatin, Caroline E.Duque and Lyndon J.Arbes 2005 IFAD, WMCIP, ICRAF Philippines 12 Philippines English DC, Queblatin E, Duque CE and Arbes LJ. 2005. Formulating the Natural Resources Management and Development Plan: A Facilitator Guide. Philippines. : IFAD, WMCIP, ICRAF. 12 p. 1718 TD 144 TD0144-07 Assessing the Role of Landcare in Enhancing Adaptive Capacity of the Communities in Claveria, Misamis Oriental to Climate Variability J.D. Villanueva 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Quezon City, Philippines 222 The study aimed to assess the role of Landcare in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the communities of Claveria, Misamis Oriental to climate variability. Specifically the objectives are: (1) to identify the vulnerable areas/communities; (2) to assess the effects of Landcare as an approach on the adaptive capacity of upland farmers in Claveria to climate variability; (3) to evaluate the communities in terms of resilience; (4) to identify the role of Landcare with regards to resilience; and (5) to formulate/suggest things/ideas that will help the communities in terms of policy- making. Interviews from 850 households were conducted. Each of the communities was assessed according to the social and economic aspects, the levels of food availability, water demand, livelihood situation, health condition and accessibility to different assistance areas. On the biophysical component, the soil quality, soil problems and water use were taken into consideration. The climate variability impacts, its level of awareness and their adaptive measures were also part of this assessment. The study showed that Landcare helped in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the communities in Claveria by giving services and activities to control soil erosion and increase yields. The study presented that the adoption of Landcare technologies is the major factor in enhancing the resiliency. Resiliency came in, in terms of the coping mechanisms given by the adaptation measures the communities are employing. In general the communities of Claveria are in the moderate level of vulnerability to climate variability. Philippines English Villanueva J. 2006. Assessing the Role of Landcare in Enhancing Adaptive Capacity of the Communities in Claveria, Misamis Oriental to Climate Variability. Quezon City, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 222 p. 1717 TD 143 TD0143-07 Scaling Up Landcare in the Philippines: Issues, Methods and Strategies Delia Catacutan 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Queensland, Australia 339 The developing world is not lacking in successful grassroots initiatives for natural resource management (NRM) but few of these have spread beyond their initial limited domain. The issue of scaling up has recently gained attention based on the argument that these successful local NRM initiatives should be scaled up to a level that generates larger economic and environmental benefits more rapidly. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the process of scaling up grassroots NRM initiatives so as to be better able to plan and implement scaling up interventions. To address this aim, a case study was undertaken of the Landcare Program in the southern Philippines, a grassroots NRM initiative in the Municipality of Claveria that was scaled up to various other municipalities in the same region. The study used an actor-oriented approach, one that recognises the central role of various social actors and their different perspectives, and that emphasises the dynamic interaction between internal and external factors in any process of social change. Scaling up was viewed as a process of planned intervention, the results of which depend on the perspectives and actions of multiple actors. The notion of scaling up thus involves finding a balance between a universalist perspective, where broad principles and practices are believed to be applicable to a wide band of situations, and a contextualist perspective, which emphasises local initiative and demand. A case study design with four embedded cases was used to address three key objectives: (1) to understand why the Landcare Program has been successful in the original site; (2) to determine how the Landcare Program has been scaled up to other sites; and (3) to investigate how the Landcare Program could be enabled to work on a much broader scale. The case study sites were the Municipalities of Claveria, the original Landcare site, and three scaling-up sites, namely Lantapan, Malitbog, and Manolo Fortich, all in Bukidnon Province in the northern Mindanao region. The case studies were based on a variety of quantitative and qualitative data derived from documentary sources, key informants, semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. The Landcare Program flourished in a favourable environment like Claveria, where locally adapted technologies had emerged, the local government was supportive and worked with farmers and other agencies, and the regional program of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) provided long-term facilitation and technical support. The landcare approach was effective in terms of promoting technology adoption (particularly natural vegetative strips (NVS), a simple form of contour barrier), building farmer institutions, and establishing partnerships. The scaling up of Landcare in multiple sites utilised different modes to adapt to local situations. In particular, the direct involvement of ICRAF was progressively reduced to test the capabilities of other partners. Local government support was strong in one case and limited in the others, hence the landcare approach as developed in Claveria was modified, as it was adapted in the other sites. Nevertheless, the overall outcomes were impressive with increased human and social capital enabling farmers to adopt soil conservation and agroforestry technologies. A comparison of the case-study sites permitted the identific ation of preconditions for successful modes of scaling up. The greater challenge in scaling up is to replicate the conditions that made the Landcare Program work in Northern Mindanao in other geographic locations. A competent and committed agency is needed to create new nodes of diffusion for Landcare in other regions. A broader enabling environment that promotes rapid scaling up is desirable, but in the absence of such an environment, the Landcare Program requires a variety of modes of scaling up and the involvement of multiple actors. A conceptual framework was developed to facilitate the identification of potential sites and suitable modes. The framework focuses on the interaction of four key factors, namely the nature of the scaled up program, the local context, the institutional capacity to scale up, and the use of effective implementation strategies. Philippines English Catacutan D. 2005. Scaling Up Landcare in the Philippines: Issues, Methods and Strategies. Queensland, Australia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 339 p. 1716 MN 14 MN0014-07 Agroforestry Training: Landcare Farmer Trainer's Guide Lyndon J.Arbes and Jerome B Labra 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Bukidnon, Philippines 46 Philippines Tagalog Arbes LJ and Labra JB. 2006. Agroforestry Training: Landcare Farmer Trainer's Guide. Bukidnon, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 46 p. 1715 PP 232 PP0232-07 Does Land Tenure Insecurity Discourage Tree Planting? Evolution of Customary Land Tenure and Agroforestry Management in Sumatra Keijiro Otsuka, S. Suyanto and Thomas P Tomich 1997 The International Food Policy Research Institute Washington D.C, USA 50 Southeast Asia English Otsuka K, Suyanto S and Tomich TP. 1997. Does Land Tenure Insecurity Discourage Tree Planting? Evolution of Customary Land Tenure and Agroforestry Management in Sumatra. Washington D.C, USA. The International Food Policy Research Institute. 1714 PO 117 PO0117-07 Orangutan Sumatra: Siapa dia? 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Orangutan Sumatra: Siapa dia?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1713 PO 116 PO0116-07 Sumatran Orangutan: Who is he? 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Sumatran Orangutan: Who is he?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1712 PO 115 PO0115-07 Eco-Certified Jungle Rubber: A Safety Net for Disappearing Species? Mica Bennett, Laxman Joshi, Chandra Panjiwibowo, Suseno Budidarsono, Meine van Noordwijk, Tata Hesti Lestari and Endri Martini 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Bennett M, Joshi L, Panjiwibowo C, Budidarsono S, van Noordwijk M, Lestari TH and Martini E. Eco-Certified Jungle Rubber: A Safety Net for Disappearing Species?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1711 PO 114 PO0114-07 Sistem Penggunaan Lahan dan Kualitas Air Sungai: Pengukuran Makroinvertebrata Air di daerah hulu DAS Way Besai Indrawan Suryadi, Bruno Verbist, Ans Mouton, Andy Dedecker, V Stuer, K. De Ridder, Dede Warto and Susanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Suryadi I, Verbist B, Mouton A, Dedecker A, Stuer V, De Ridder K, Warto D and Susanto S. Sistem Penggunaan Lahan dan Kualitas Air Sungai: Pengukuran Makroinvertebrata Air di daerah hulu DAS Way Besai. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1708 PO PO0112-07 Detektif Air: Penggunaan Makroinvertebrata Air sebagai Iindikator Kualitas Air Sungai di DAS Wey Petai, Sumber Jaya Indra Suryadi, Ans Mouton, Andy Dedecker, Bruno Verbist, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Dede Warto and Susanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Suryadi I, Mouton A, Dedecker A, Verbist B, Purnomosidhi P, Warto D and Susanto S. Detektif Air: Penggunaan Makroinvertebrata Air sebagai Iindikator Kualitas Air Sungai di DAS Wey Petai, Sumber Jaya. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1707 LE 70 LE0070-07 Kontrak Konservasi Tanah dan Air: Skema Imbal Jasa Lingkungan melalui Lelang Konservasi Rachman Pasha, Beria Leimona and Suyanto S, et al 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Pasha R, Leimona B and Suyanto S, et al . 2007. Kontrak Konservasi Tanah dan Air: Skema Imbal Jasa Lingkungan melalui Lelang Konservasi. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1705 JA 268 JA0268-07 Integrating Carbon Management into the Development Strategies of Urbanizing Regions in Asia: Implications of Urban Function, Form, and Role Louis Lebel, Po Garden, Regina.N. Banaticla, Rodel D Lasco, Antonio Contreras, A.P. Mitra, Chhemendra Sharma, Hoang Tri Nguyen, Giok Ling Ooi and Agus Sari 2007 Journal of Industrial Ecology 11 2 61-81 Philippines English Lebel L, Garden P, Banaticla R, Lasco RD, Contreras A, Mitra A, Sharma C, Nguyen HT, Ooi GL and Sari A. 2007. Integrating Carbon Management into the Development Strategies of Urbanizing Regions in Asia: Implications of Urban Function, Form, and Role. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 11(2):P. 61-81. 1704 PO 113 PO0113-07 Assessing the Impact of Landuse on Water Quality Using Macroinvertebrata in the Upper Way Besai Catchment Indra Suryadi, Bruno Verbist, Ans Mouton, Andy Dedecker, V Stuer, K. De Ridder, Dede Warto and Susanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Suryadi I, Verbist B, Mouton A, Dedecker A, Stuer V, De Ridder K, Warto D and Susanto S. Assessing the Impact of Landuse on Water Quality Using Macroinvertebrata in the Upper Way Besai Catchment. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1703 PO 112 PO0111-07 Water detectives: Macro-Invertebrata as Indicator for Water Quality in the Way Petai River, Sumber Jaya Indra Suryadi, Ans Mouton, Andy Dedecker, Bruno Verbist, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Dede Warto and Susanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Suryadi I, Mouton A, Dedecker A, Verbist B, Purnomosidhi P, Warto D and Susanto S. Water detectives: Macro-Invertebrata as Indicator for Water Quality in the Way Petai River, Sumber Jaya. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1702 TD 142 TD0142-07 Ekologi Regenerasi Tumbuhan Berkayu pada Sistem Agroforest Karet Saida Rasnovi 2006 Bogor, Indonesia 223 lmu Pengetahuan Kehutanan Pascasarjana SAIDA RASNOVI. Ekologi Regenerasi Tumbuhan Berkayu pada Sistem Agroforest Karet. Dibimbing oleh CECEP KUSMANA, GREGOIRE VINCENT dan SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan agroforest karet dalam menampung jenis tumbuhan berkayu dari hutan yang ada di sekitarnya. Kajian difokuskan pada beberapa aspek ekologi regenerasi anakan tumbuhan berkayu pada tingkat lanskap. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Agustus 2002 hingga Agustus 2005 di Kabupaten Bungo dan Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Survei jenis anakan tumbuhan berkayu (tinggi = 1 m, diameter = 3 cm) tidak termasuk liana, dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek sepanjang 60 m yang dikombinasikan dengan subplot berbentuk lingkaran berdiameter 6 m. Faktor lain yang diukur dan ditentukan adalah struktur tegakan berupa luas penampang batang (BA), kerapatan, cahaya, tanah, kelompok pemencar biji, umur, manajemen dan vegetasi asal agroforest karet. Hasil survei jenis anakan tumbuhan berkayu pada agroforest karet didapatkan sebanyak 689 jenis anakan dengan indeks probabilitas Simpson sebesar 0.897 dan rarefaction Coleman sebesar 53 jenis dalam 200 individu. Sedangkan di hutan sebanyak 646 jenis anakan dengan indeks probabilitas Simpson sebesar 0.935 dan rarefaction Coleman sebesar 68 jenis dalam 200 individu. Sebanyak 62.69% dari seluruh jenis anakan yang terdapat di hutan ditemukan beregenerasi di kebun agroforest karet dengan nilai indeks kemiripan jenis Morishita-Horn (IMH) mulai dari jenis, marga dan suku berturut-turut adalah 0.185, 0.34 dan 0.84. Baik di hutan maupun di kebun agroforest karet terdapat beberapa jenis anakan yang termasuk jenis yang dilindungi oleh Perundangundangan Indonesia dan jenis yang terancam menurut IUCN/SSC. Indeks kekayaan dan keragaman jenis anakan lebih rendah di agroforest karet dibandingkan hutan. Struktur tegakan, cahaya, umur, intensitas manajemen dan asal vegetasi tidak mempengaruhi kekayaan dan keragaman jenis anakan di agroforest karet. IMH tidak meningkat secara linear dengan meningkatnya kelas umur, IMH turun dengan meningkatnya intensitas manajemen dan lebih tinggi pada agroforest karet yang dibuat dari hutan dibandingkan belukar. Tingkat kekayaan dan keragaman jenis serta komposisi jenis anakan tumbuhan berkayu di hutan mempengaruhi tingkat kekayaan dan keragaman jenis serta komposisi jenis anakan di agroforest karet yang ada di dekatnya. Namun tingkat keragaman beta di hutan tidak mempengaruhi tingkat keragaman beta di agroforest karet. Tingkat keragaman alpha berkorelasi dengan tingkat keragaman beta pada agroforest karet, namun tidak ada korelasi antara keragaman alpha dengan keragaman beta pada hutan. Beberapa jenis anakan memperlihatkan distribusi kelimpahan yang sangat nyata menurut kelas cahaya di bawah kanopi. Analisa preferensi anakan terhadap jenis tekstur tanah tidak dapat dipakai karena terkait dengan jumlah dan kualitas data tanah yang didapatkan. Anemokhori dan zookhori dekat lebih berperan pada jenis anakan yang hanya ditemukan di agroforest karet, autokhori lebih berperan pada jenis anakan yang hanya ditemukan pada hutan, dan zookhori jauh lebih berperan pada jenis anakan yang ditemukan pada kedua tipe vegetasi hutan dan agroforest karet. Southeast Asia Indonesian Rasnovi S. 2006. Ekologi Regenerasi Tumbuhan Berkayu pada Sistem Agroforest Karet. Bogor, Indonesia. : 223 p. 1701 JA 267 JA0267-07 Modelling of planted legume fallows in Western Kenya using WaNuLCAS. (I) Model calibration and validation A.P. Walker, P.K. Mutuo, Meine van Noordwijk, Alain Albrecht and Georg Cadisch 2007 Agroforestry Systems 70 2007 197-209 Poor soil fertility is the biggest obstacle to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Improved fallows can help to raise agricultural productivity in these systems of low financial capital, however, experimental testing of their potential application domain and design is costly and time consuming. Models can evaluate alternative systems relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, but must first be validated to assess satisfactory simulation of the target systems. Specific climatic, edaphic, crop and fallow growth data was used from five sites in Western Kenya to calibrate and validate simulations of maize and improved fallow growth using the Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS) model. The model predicted continuous maize yields across the sites with an R2 of 0.72, an EF (model efficiency) of 0.66 and a CD (coefficient of determination) of 2.73, although the default pedotransfer functions (PTF) for volumetric soil water content used in the model had to be substituted for a tropical soils specific PTF before this was achieved. Predicted maize yield was consistently related to fallow biomass (i.e. higher fallow biomass correlated with higher subsequent maize yields) at two sites and the model predicted maize yields following fallow growth from this subset of the data with an R2 of 0.42. This relationship of fallow biomass to subsequent maize yield was not observed across the whole data set due to incomplete fallow litterfall data, factors not included in the model and associated poor model prediction of recycled tree biomass. After site and tree alibration, the model can thus be applied to assess fallow management strategies for sites limited by water and nitrogen. Maize, Organic matter modelling, Pedotransfer functions Southeast Asia English Walker A, Mutuo P, van Noordwijk M, Albrecht A and Cadisch G. 2007. Modelling of planted legume fallows in Western Kenya using WaNuLCAS. (I) Model calibration and validation. Agroforestry Systems. 70(2007):P. 197-209. 1700 BC 249 BC0249-07 Recommendations and Challenges D.J. Snelder and R.D.Lasco 2005 Trees in Agricultural Landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation Philippines English Snelder D and Lasco R. 2005. Recommendations and Challenges. Trees in Agricultural Landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation. : P. . 1699 JA 266 JA0266-07 The landcare approach to soil conservationin the Philippines: An assessment of farm-level impacts R.A. Cramb, Delia Catacutan, Zorina Arellano and K Mariano 2007 Australian Journal on Experimental Agriculture CSIRO 2007 47 721–726 ?Landcare? is a group-based approach to the promotion of conservation farming. A case study of the Landcare program in Lantapan in the southern Philippines is presented to assess the farm-level impacts of this approach. The program was successful in romoting the formation of Landcare groups and a municipal Landcare association, resulting in rapid and widespread adoption of conservation practices, particularly among maize farmers. This in turn significantly reduced soil erosion, though the impact on crop yield and income was somewhat delayed. Adoption was thus not motivated primarily by short-term returns but by a concern to reduce soil erosion and provide a basis for diversification into agroforestry. Philippines English Cramb RC, Catacutan D, Arellano Z and Mariano K . 2007. The landcare approach to soil conservationin the Philippines: An assessment of farm-level impacts. Australian Journal on Experimental Agriculture. 2007(47):P. 721–726. 1698 MP 1 MP0001-07 Note Book 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Southeast Asia 2007. Note Book. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1695 JA 265 JA0265-07 Forest carbon budgets in Southeast Asia following harvesting and land cover change Rodel D Lasco 2002 Science in China (Series C) Vol 45 Supp 55-64 Philippines English Lasco RD. 2002. Forest carbon budgets in Southeast Asia following harvesting and land cover change. Science in China (Series C). Vol 45 Supp: P. 55-64. 1694 WP 82 WP0082-07 Criteria and indicators for environmental service compensation and reward mechanisms: realistic, voluntary, conditional and pro-poor Meine van Noordwijk, Beria Leimona, L Emerton, Thomas P Tomich, Sandra J.Velarde, Mikkel Kallesoe, M Sekher and Brent Swallow 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF ICRAF Working Paper no 37 61 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Emerton L, Tomich TP, Velarde SJ, Kallesoe M, Sekher M and Swallow BM. 2007. Criteria and indicators for environmental service compensation and reward mechanisms: realistic, voluntary, conditional and pro-poor. ICRAF Working Paper no 37: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 61 p. 1693 WP 81 WP0081-07 The conditions for effective mechanisms of compensation and rewards for environmental services Brent Swallow, Beria Leimona, T Yatich, Sandra J.Velarde and S Puttaswamaiah 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF ICRAF Working Paper no 38 32 Southeast Asia English Swallow BM, Leimona B, Yatich T, Velarde SJ and Puttaswamaiah S. 2007. The conditions for effective mechanisms of compensation and rewards for environmental services. ICRAF Working Paper no 38: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 32 p. 1692 WP 80 WP0080-07 Compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world: framing pan-tropical analysis and comparison Brent Swallow, Mikkel Kallesoe, U Iftikhar, Meine van Noordwijk, C Bracer, Sara Scherr, K.V. Raju, S Poats, A Duraiappah, B Ochieng, H Mallee and R Rumley 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF ICRAF Working Paper no 32 56 Southeast Asia English Swallow BM, Kallesoe M, Iftikhar U, van Noordwijk M, Bracer C, Scherr S, Raju K, Poats S, Duraiappah A, Ochieng B, Mallee H and Rumley R. 2007. Compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world: framing pan-tropical analysis and comparison. ICRAF Working Paper no 32: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 56 p. 1691 LE 69 LE0069-07 Sungai Bersih, Listrik Menyala: Imbal Jasa untuk Pengurangan Sedimen Suyanto S, et al 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Suyanto S, et al. 2007. Sungai Bersih, Listrik Menyala: Imbal Jasa untuk Pengurangan Sedimen. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1690 PB 3 PB0003-10 Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm): Menuju Bentang Alam yang Sehat dan Masyarakat Sejahtera Suyanto S, et al 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Suyanto S, et al. 2007. Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm): Menuju Bentang Alam yang Sehat dan Masyarakat Sejahtera. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1689 BK 116 BK0116-07 Developing the local natural resource management plan: a guide to facilitators Delia Catacutan, Eduardo E Queblatin, Caroline E.Duque and Lyndon J.Arbes 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Bukidnon, Philippines 36 Philippines English Catacutan D, Queblatin EE, Duque CE and Arbes LJ. 2006. Developing the local natural resource management plan: a guide to facilitators. Bukidnon, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 36 p. 1688 PO 111 PO0098-07 Traditional Rubber Agroforests in Jambi Indonesia - where conservation and human livelihood converge Laxman Joshi, Chandra Panjiwibowo, Riyadharma, Damsir Chaniago, Jasnari, Susmanto H, Andree Eka Dinata and Mica Bennett 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Panjiwibowo C, Riyadharma , Chaniago D, Jasnari , Susmanto H, Eka Dinata A and Bennett M. Traditional Rubber Agroforests in Jambi Indonesia - where conservation and human livelihood converge. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1687 MA 21 MA0021-07 Inovasi Ekologi dalam Pengelolaan Tanah Subekti Rahayu 2007 SALAM LEISA Maret 29-30 Southeast Asia Indonesian 1686 WP 79 WP0079-07 Is Hutan Tanaman Rakyat a new paradigm in community based tree planting in Indonesia? Meine van Noordwijk, S. Suyanto, Suseno Budidarsono, Niken Sakuntaladewi, James M Roshetko, Tata Hesti Lestari, Gamma Galudra and Chip C Fay 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper no 45 30 Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M, Suyanto S, Budidarsono S, Sakuntaladewi N, Roshetko JM, Lestari TH, Galudra G and Fay CC. 2007. Is Hutan Tanaman Rakyat a new paradigm in community based tree planting in Indonesia?. ICRAF Working Paper no 45 Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 30 p. 1682 PP 231 PP0231-07 Balancing Biodiversity and Incomes of Upland Communities: Approaches and Experiences of the Upland Development Programme in Southern mindanao Ben Hur R.Viloria, Dashiel P.Indelible, Wiebe van Rij and Alexander U.Tabbada 2005 Paper presented at 14th Annual Philippines, 05-09 April 2005, Crown Lodge, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Province, Philippines Philippines English Viloria BH, Indelible DP, van Rij W and Tabbada AU. 2005. Balancing Biodiversity and Incomes of Upland Communities: Approaches and Experiences of the Upland Development Programme in Southern mindanao. 1681 PP 230 PP0230-07 Community-based Agroforestry Practices for Watershed Management in the Philippine Uplands: Lessons Learned from The Landcare Experience Agustin R Mercado and PJ Sanchez 2006 5 Presented in the 1st Visayas Agroforestry Congress, 08-10 November 2006, Guimbal Lloilo, Philippines Philippines English Mercado A and Sanchez PJ . 2006. Community-based Agroforestry Practices for Watershed Management in the Philippine Uplands: Lessons Learned from The Landcare Experience. 1680 PP 229 PP0229-07 Changing mindscapes: Reflections from landcare experience in the Philippines MN Dano, Gerardo C.Boy, E Elago and RJ Balane 2005 Paper presented at the 2nd National Agroforestry Congress, 26-27 October 2005, Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines Philippines English Dano MN, Boy GC, Elago E and Balane RJ . 2005. Changing mindscapes: Reflections from landcare experience in the Philippines. 1679 PP 228 PP0228-07 Domesticating Landscapes Through Farmer-led Tree Cultivation: ICRAF's approach to reforestation in the Philippine uplands Manuel Bertomeu 2005 Philippines English Bertomeu M. 2005. Domesticating Landscapes Through Farmer-led Tree Cultivation: ICRAF's approach to reforestation in the Philippine uplands. 1678 BC 248 BC0248-07 Climate change Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin, MA Campos and JA Goco Rodel D Lasco, Victoria O.Espaldon and Maricel A.Tapia 2005 Ecosystems and People: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) Sub-Global Report: Main Report Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos 167-186 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB, Campos MA and Goco JA . 2005. Climate change. In: Lasco RD, Espaldon VO and Tapia MA,eds. Ecosystems and People: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) Sub-Global Report: Main Report. : Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos. P. 167-186. 1677 BC 247 BC0247-07 Smallholder Tree Growing for Sustainable Development and Environmental Services: An Introduction Rodel D Lasco 2005 Trees in Agricultural Landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation Philippines English Lasco RD. 2005. Smallholder Tree Growing for Sustainable Development and Environmental Services: An Introduction. Trees in Agricultural Landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation. : P. . 1676 TD 139 TD0139-07 Psychological trauma among children of the tsunami aftermath: a study of the role of Coping Behaviour and Religious Practice in Banda Aceh Khairil Razali 2006 Yogyakarta, Indonesia 98 Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies on Social Work Master of Arts Southeast Asia English Razali K. 2006. Psychological trauma among children of the tsunami aftermath: a study of the role of Coping Behaviour and Religious Practice in Banda Aceh. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. : 98 p. 1675 TD 138 TD0138-07 Strategi penanganan tsunami yang berpengaruh terhadap para petani (implikasi pada upaya-upaya rehabilitasi di Kecamatan Lhoong Kabupaten Aceh Besar) Rusnawati 2007 Bandung, Indonesia 111 Ilmu Sosial Magister encana gempa dan gelombang tsunami yang melanda Provinsi Southeast Asia Indonesian Rusnawati. 2007. Strategi penanganan tsunami yang berpengaruh terhadap para petani (implikasi pada upaya-upaya rehabilitasi di Kecamatan Lhoong Kabupaten Aceh Besar). Bandung, Indonesia. : 111 p. 1674 JA 263 JA0263-07 Layanan lingkungan agroforestri berbasis kopi: cadangan karbon dalam biomasa pohon dan bahan organik tanah (studi kasus dari Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat) Kurniatun Hairiah, Subekti Rahayu and Berlian 2006 Agrivita 28 3 298-309 Pengurangan cadangan karbon � pada ekosistem daratan menyebabkan konsentrasi gas-gas rumah kaca (CO2, CH4, N2O) meningkat. Alih guna lahan hutan menjadi lahan pertanian menyebabkan penurunan cadangan C dalam ekosistem, terutama disebabkan oleh adanya pemanenan biomasa pohon, hilang sebagai gas CO2 melalui kegiatan pertanian misalnya lewat pembakaran dan dekomposisi bahan organik. Pengurangan CO2 di atmosfer oleh vegetasi biasanya diestimasi melalui pengukuran cadangan karbon � yang ada dalam biomasa tanaman, nekromasa dan di dalam tanah sebagai bahan organik tanah (BOT). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sumberjaya (Lampung Barat) dalam 2 tahap yaitu pada tahun 1998 dan 2001/2002. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengestimasi cadangan C dalam sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi; (2) Mengestimasi besarnya cadangan C dari pohon penaung dalam sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi; (3) Mengetahui besarnya sumbangan BOT terhadap cadangan C dalam system agroforestri. Pengukuran dilakukan pada lima sistem penggunaan lahan (SPL) yaitu hutan alami, semak belukar, agroforestri kopi dengan berbagai jenis pohon penaung (kopi multistrata), agroforestri kopi dengan penaung Gliricidia (kopi naungan) dan kopi monokultur (tanpa pohon penaung). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri berbasis kopi di Sumberjaya cukup berpotensi dalam mempertahankan cadangan C, walaupun besarnya cadangan C yang diperoleh pada sistem tersebut masih jauh lebih rendah dari pada yang dicapai di hutan alami. Besarnya cadangan C di atas tanah pada SPL hutan sekitar 195 Mg ha-1. Cadangan C pada SPL yang kompleks yang diwakili oleh SPL semak belukar dan SPL kopi mutistrata rata-rata sekitar 18 hingga 21 Mg ha-1, sedang pada agroforestri sederhana (SPL kopi naungan dan SPL kopi monokultur) hanya berkisar antara (10 Mg ha-1). Cadangan C dalam tanah antar SPL tidak berbeda nyata, namun cadangan C pada tanah lapisan atas di hutan dua kali lebih tinggi (64 Mg ha-1) dari pada tanah-tanah di SPL lainnya (rata-rata 30 Mg ha-1). Pohon naungan pada agroforestri kopi multistrata memberikan sumbangan terhadap cadangan C antara 40 - 45 % dari total cadangan C per SPL. Peningkatan cadangan C per tahun untuk SPL multistrata diestimasikan sekitar 0.9 Mg ha-1, dan SPL kopi naungan sekitar 0.6 Mg ha-1. Estimasi besarnya cadangan C pada sistem agroforestri di Indonesia masih membutuhkan pengukuran luasan agroforestri yang ada dan identifikasi komponen penyusunnya. Cadangan C, Agroforestri berbasis kopi, pohon naungan kopi Southeast Asia Indonesian Hairiah K, Rahayu S and Berlian B. 2006. Layanan lingkungan agroforestri berbasis kopi: cadangan karbon dalam biomasa pohon dan bahan organik tanah (studi kasus dari Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat). Agrivita. 28(3):P. 298-309. 1673 JA 262 JA0262-07 Pengendalian hama Xylosandrus compactus pada agroforestri kopi multistrata secara hayati: studi kasus dari Kecamatan Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat Subekti Rahayu, Anang Setiawan, Endang A. Husaeni and S. Suyanto 2006 Agrivita 28 3 286-297 Penggerek ranting kopi (Xylosandrus compactus) merupakan hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kopi dan menyebabkan penurunan hasil kopi secara nyata. Proses pembuatan lubang yang dilakukan oleh X. compactus menyebabkan ujung ranting layu, menguning dan mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan (a) mengukur intensitas dan luas serangan X. compactus, (b) mengetahui musuh alami potensial yang ada di kebun kopi dan � mengetahui hama-hama lain yang menyerang tanaman kopi. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi yaitu agroforestri naungan sederhana (kopi naungan sederhana) dimana hanya pohon legum yang dipakai sebagai penaung pohon kopi dan sistem agroforestri multistrata (kopi multistrata) dengan pohon penaung selain pohon legume ada pula pohon buah-buahan, pohon kayu-kayuan, dan pohon rempah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2005. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan uji t. Intensitas serangan penggerek ranting kopi pada sistem multistrata lebih rendah yaitu 18% bila dibandingkan dengan kopi naungan yaitu 25%. Namun, perbedaan jumlah pohon yang terserang tidak berbeda nyata pada kedua sistem kebun kopi yaitu 75% pada kopi naungan dan 65% pada kopi multistrata. Pada kedua sistem kebun kopi lubang gerek lebih banyak ditemukan pada ranting-ranting yang ada di bagian atas dari pada di tengah dan di bawah. Penggerek ranting kopi, Xylosandrus compactus, sistem agroforestri multistrata berbasis kopi Southeast Asia Indonesian Rahayu S, Setiawan A, A. Husaeni E and Suyanto S. 2006. Pengendalian hama Xylosandrus compactus pada agroforestri kopi multistrata secara hayati: studi kasus dari Kecamatan Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat. Agrivita. 28(3):P. 286-297. 1672 JA 261 JA0261-07 Intensifikasi pertanian, biodiversitas tanah dan fungsi agro-ekosistem Meine van Noordwijk and Kurniatun Hairiah 2006 Agrivita 28 3 185-197 Menurut Hipotesis Intensifikasi yang ada, bahwa meningkatnya intesifikasi pertanian akan mengubah kondisi tanah suatu agroekosistem sehingga menyebabkan hilangnya biodiversitas organisme tanah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya penurunan jumlah dan diversitas masukan organik kedalam rantai makanannya, dan adanya penggunaan bahan kimia serta modifikasi iklim mikro. Berubahnya biodiversitas dalam tanah mempengaruhi grup fungsional penting, seperti simbion (berperan penting dalam siklus hara), grup penggali tanah atau ecosystem engineer (berperan penting dalam mempertahankan infiltrasi tanah), dan predator (berperan penting dalam pengendalian hama dan penyakit). Pembuktian hipotesis tersebut jarang sekali dilakukan, untuk membuktikannya dibutuhkan pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep intensifikasi sistem penggunaan lahan. Makalah ini berisi informasi hasil penelitian di Sumberjaya (Lampung Barat) yang merupakan salah satu benchmark kegiatan penelitian global dari ASB (Alternatives to Slash and Burn) dan CSM-BGBD (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity). Pada makalah ini dipaparkan pengukuran kuantitatif Index Intensifikasi Penggunaan Lahan (ILUS), yang merupakan pengembangan ILUS dari Ruthenberg. Pada pengukuran ILUS ini diperhitungkan pula beberapa aspek penting yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan air, keseimbangan hara, penggunaan energi eksternal dan bahan agro-kimia. Nilai ILUS bervariasi antar system penggunaan lahan, pada hutan sekunder dan padang alang-alang atau rumput-rumputan lainnya 0.5, system agroforest dan system pertanian extensive 1.0-3.0, system kopi monokultur dan system pertanian intensif (hortikultura dan tanaman semusim lainnya) 3.0-20.0. Batasan tersebut bermanfaat untuk meyakinkan masyarakat dan pengambil kebijakan dalam memahami pentingnya konservasi biodiversitas untuk mempertahankan layanan lingkungan. Intensifikasi pertanian, biodiversitas tanah, fungsi agro-ekosistem Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M and Hairiah K. 2006. Intensifikasi pertanian, biodiversitas tanah dan fungsi agro-ekosistem. Agrivita. 28(3):P. 185-197. 1671 RP 231 RP0231-07 Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin - in English Language David Thomas 2005 Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok, Thailand 280 Thailand English Thomas D. Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin - in English Language. Bangkok, Thailand. : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2005. 280 p. 1670 PO 110 PO0110-07 Harimau, Orang Utan, Kebun Campur Masyarakat dan Konservasi di Sekitar Daerah Aliran Sungai Batang Toru, Sumatra Utara Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi, Endri Martini and Conservation International (Jatna Supriatna, Didy Wurjanto dan Rondang Siregar) 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Eka Dinata A, Adi DK, Martini E and Conservation International (Jatna Supriatna, Didy Wurjanto dan Rondang Siregar) . Harimau, Orang Utan, Kebun Campur Masyarakat dan Konservasi di Sekitar Daerah Aliran Sungai Batang Toru, Sumatra Utara. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1669 JA 260 JA0260-07 Effects of landuse change on the hydrologic regime of the Mae Chaem river basin, NW Thailand P Thanapakpawin, J Richey, David E Thomas, S Rodda, B Campbell and M Logsdon 2007 Journal of Hydrology 334 1-2 215-230 Thailand English Thanapakpawin P, Richey J, Thomas DE, Rodda S, Campbell B and Logsdon M. 2007. Effects of landuse change on the hydrologic regime of the Mae Chaem river basin, NW Thailand. Journal of Hydrology. 334(1-2):P. 215-230. 1668 RP 230 RP0230-07 Results Measurement Framework for Pilot Sub-Basins David E Thomas 2007 Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok 86 in Thai Language Thailand Thai Thomas DE. Results Measurement Framework for Pilot Sub-Basins. Bangkok. : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2007. 1667 RP 134 RP0134-07 Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project. Final Project Report - in Thai Language David E Thomas 2007 Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok in Thai Language Thailand Thai Thomas DE. Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project. Final Project Report - in Thai Language. Bangkok. : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2007. 1666 RP 232 RP0232-07 Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin - in Thai Language David E Thomas 2007 Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok 428 in Thai Language Thailand Thai Thomas DE. Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin - in Thai Language. Bangkok. : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2007. 428 p. 1665 JA 259 JA0259-07 Community-based watershed monitoring and management in northern Thailand Pornwilai Saipothong, Pornchai Preechapanya, Thanat Promduang, Nongluck Kaewpoka and David E Thomas 2006 Mountain Research and Development 26 3 289-291 Thailand English Saipothong P, Preechapanya P, Promduang T, Kaewpoka N and Thomas DE. 2006. Community-based watershed monitoring and management in northern Thailand. Mountain Research and Development. 26(3):P. 289-291. 1664 JA 258 JA0258-07 Land-use transition, livelihoods and environmental services in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia Xu Jianchu, Jeff Fox, David Melick, Yayoi Fujita, Attachai Jintrawet, Qian Jie, David E Thomas and Horst Weyerhaeuser 2006 Mountain Research and Development 26 3 278-274 China English Xu Jianchu, Fox J, Melick D, Fujita Y, Jintrawet A, Jie Q, Thomas DE and Weyerhaeuser H. 2006. Land-use transition, livelihoods and environmental services in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia. Mountain Research and Development. 26(3):P. 278-274. 1662 RP 133 RP0133-07 Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project. Final Project Report - in English Language David E Thomas 2006 Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok 160 Thailand English Thomas DE. Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project. Final Project Report - in English Language. Bangkok. : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2006. 160 p. 1661 BC 246 BC0246-07 Linking Land-Change Science and Policy: Current lessons and future integration Robin S Reid, Thomas P Tomich, Xu Jianchu, Helmut Geist, Alexander Mather, Ruth S DeFries, Jianguo Liu, Diogenes Alves, Babatunde Agbola, Eric F Lambin, Abha Chabbra, Tom Veldkamp, Kasper Kok, Meine van Noordwijk, David E Thomas, Cheryl A Palm and Pet... Eric F Lambin and H.J.Geist 2006 Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Local processes and global impacts 157-171 Southeast Asia English Reid RS, Tomich TP, Xu Jianchu , Geist H, Mather A, DeFries RS, Liu J, Alves D, Agbola B, Lambin EF, Chabbra A, Veldkamp T, Kok K, van Noordwijk M, Thomas DE, Palm CA and Verburg PH. 2006. Linking Land-Change Science and Policy: Current lessons and future integration. In: Lambin EF and Geist H,eds. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Local processes and global impacts. : P. 157-171. 1660 JA 257 JA0257-07 Lessons learned and future challenges for integrated and participatory approaches to mountain research Franz Heidhues, Karl Stahr, Uwe Jens Nagel, David E Thomas and Andreas Neef 2006 Journal of Mountain Science 3 4 347-354 Thailand English Heidhues F, Stahr K, Nagel UJ, Thomas DE and Neef A. 2006. Lessons learned and future challenges for integrated and participatory approaches to mountain research. Journal of Mountain Science. 3(4):P. 347-354. 1659 JA 256 JA0256-07 Integrated and participatory research approaches towards sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems in mountainous regions Andreas Neef, Franz Heidhues, Karl Stahr, David E Thomas and Pittaya Sruamsiri 2006 Journal of Mountain Science 3 4 271-275 Thailand English Neef A, Heidhues F, Stahr K, Thomas DE and Sruamsiri P. 2006. Integrated and participatory research approaches towards sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems in mountainous regions. Journal of Mountain Science. 3(4):P. 271-275. 1658 MA 20 MA0020-07 The Nordson Forest Park: A legacy to the environment Catherine C de Luna, Wilfredo M Carandang, Roberto G Visco, Cristino L Tiburan, R.D.Lasco, Jose K Montalvo and Alejo V Mayoralgo 2006 The Philippine Agroforestry Development Monitor 16-18 Philippines English 1657 BC 245 BC0245-07 Scaling up Through Partnerships: The Case of Landcare in the Philippines Delia Catacutan 2006 CSO Experiences in Strengthening Rural Poor Organizations in Asia International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC), and Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) 163-165 Philippines English Catacutan D. 2006. Scaling up Through Partnerships: The Case of Landcare in the Philippines. CSO Experiences in Strengthening Rural Poor Organizations in Asia. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC), and Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP). P. 163-165. 1656 JA 255 JA0255-07 Transaction Cost Analysis of Lowland-Upland Relations in Watershed Services: Lessons from Community-Based Forestry Management in Sumatra, Indonesia Bustanul Arifin 2006 Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 45 4 359-373 This study analyses transaction costs occurring in the existing set-up of upstreamdownstream relations and reward mechanisms in watershed services in Sumatra, Indonesia. The rewards are manifested in property rights reforms that provide ?recognition? and remove ?fear of eviction? among local communities by granting them the right to utilize land within the ?protected forest?, such as implemented under the community-based forestry management (CBFM) policy. The study sites of Sumber Jaya watershed in Sumatra, Indonesia, have acquired notoriety due to conflicts between state and society over watershed functions, and among stakeholders such as coffee growers, domestic water-users, the hydroelectric power company, etc. The estimated transaction cost of implementing the rewards is US$ 55 per household, which is relatively high by rural standards. This total comprises the cost of searching for information (70%), of organizing the group (27%), and of enforcing working rules and regulations (3%), implying non-efficient economic organization of society and non-clear policy structures at regional and national level. The role of intermediaries such as NGOs (national and international) is extremely important in implementing a negotiation support system and developing a multi-stakeholder strategy to reduce transaction costs, and especially to ensure conflict resolution, improve trust and sharing of responsibility to achieve more sustainable resource management. environmental services, transaction costs, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Arifin B. 2006. Transaction Cost Analysis of Lowland-Upland Relations in Watershed Services: Lessons from Community-Based Forestry Management in Sumatra, Indonesia. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture. 45(4):P. 359-373. 1655 JA 254 JA0254-07 S? D?ng C�ng C? M� H�nh Ho� Sinh Th�i N�ng Nghi?p (AKT) �? Khai Th�c Ki?n Th?c B?n �?a Trong Th�m Canh Rau S?ch, B?o V? M�i Tru?ng ? V�ng Ven �� H� N?i Pham Quang Ha, Dinh Viet Hung, Laxman Joshi, Fergus L Sinclair and I Obor 2006 Vietnam Soil Science World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 24 145-149 Southeast Asia Vietnamese Ha PQ, Hung DV, Joshi L, Sinclair FL and Obor I. 2006. S? D?ng Công C? Mô Hình Hoá Sinh Thái Nông Nghi?p (AKT) Ð? Khai Thác Ki?n Th?c B?n Ð?a Trong Thâm Canh Rau S?ch, B?o V? Môi Tru?ng ? Vùng Ven Ðô Hà N?i. Vietnam Soil Science. 24: P. 145-149. 1654 BK 115 BK0115-07 The Philippines recommends for agroforestry Virgilio T Villancio, Wilfredo M Carandang, Rodel D Lasco, Napoleon T Vergara, Domingo T Bacalla, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez, Romulo T Anggangan, Leila C America, Reynaldo S Dimla and Rowena M Baltazar 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Laguna, Philippines 103 Philippines English Villancio VT, Carandang WM, Lasco RD, Vergara NT, Bacalla DT, Jaranilla-Sanchez PA, Anggangan RT, America LC, Dimla RS and Baltazar RM. 2006. The Philippines recommends for agroforestry. Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 103 p. 1653 PO 109 PO0109-07 Beyond Tsunami wave: West Aceh Forest and Livelihoods Sonya Dewi and Andree Eka Dinata 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Eka Dinata A. Beyond Tsunami wave: West Aceh Forest and Livelihoods. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1652 PO 108 PO0108-07 Tree crops help rebuild livelihoods after the Tsunami in West Aceh Laxman Joshi, Ery Nugraha, Suseno Budidarsono and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Nugraha E, Budidarsono S and van Noordwijk M. Tree crops help rebuild livelihoods after the Tsunami in West Aceh. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1651 PO 107 PO0107-07 Who Controlled and Benefited from Tambak (Brackish Water Aquaculture) in Aceh Before the Tsunami? Indra Zainun, Suseno Budidarsono, Mifftachhuddin and Yanis Rinaldi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Zainun I, Budidarsono S, Mifftachhuddin and Rinaldi Y. Who Controlled and Benefited from Tambak (Brackish Water Aquaculture) in Aceh Before the Tsunami?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1650 PO 106 PO0106-07 Rubber Agroforestry System Type 1 (RAS-1) for smallholder farmers Gede Wibawa, Ilahang, Ratna Akiefnawati, Laxman Joshi and Eric Penot 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Wibawa G, Ilahang , Akiefnawati R, Joshi L and Penot E. Rubber Agroforestry System Type 1 (RAS-1) for smallholder farmers. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1649 PO 105 PO0105-07 Economic Analysis Of Improved Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Systems In West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Implications For Rubber Development Yuliana Cahya Wulan, Suseno Budidarsono and Laxman Joshi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Wulan YC, Budidarsono S and Joshi L. Economic Analysis Of Improved Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry Systems In West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Implications For Rubber Development. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1648 PO 104 PO0104-07 Collective Marketing Group: Improving Efficiency and Enhance Market Linkages for Smallholder Agroforestry Farmers Iwan Kurniawan, James M Roshetko and Suseno Budidarsono 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kurniawan I, Roshetko JM and Budidarsono S. Collective Marketing Group: Improving Efficiency and Enhance Market Linkages for Smallholder Agroforestry Farmers. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1647 PO 103 PO0103-07 Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Context of Environmental Service Rewards; Case Study: Forest agriculture mosaic in Mae Chaem (Thailand) Pornwilai Saipothong, Veronika Areskoug and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Thailand Thailand English Saipothong P, Areskoug V and van Noordwijk M. Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Context of Environmental Service Rewards; Case Study: Forest agriculture mosaic in Mae Chaem (Thailand). Thailand. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2007. 1646 PO 102 PO0102-07 Tigers, orangutans, rubber gardens and conservation in Batang Toru Meine van Noordwijk, Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata and Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Dewi S, Eka Dinata A and Adi DK. Tigers, orangutans, rubber gardens and conservation in Batang Toru. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1645 PO 101 PO0101-07 How to define and recognize a rubber agroforest? Tata Hesti Lestari, Subekti Rahayu, Endri Martini, Chandra Panjiwibowo, Laxman Joshi, Mica Bennett and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Lestari TH, Rahayu S, Martini E, Panjiwibowo C, Joshi L, Bennett M and van Noordwijk M. How to define and recognize a rubber agroforest?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1644 PO 100 PO0100-07 Jungle Rubber Provides Important Forest Function of Biodiversity Conservation Chandra Panjiwibowo, Laxman Joshi, Endri Martini, Saida Rasnovi, Gregoire Vincent and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Panjiwibowo C, Joshi L, Martini E, Rasnovi S, Vincent G and van Noordwijk M. Jungle Rubber Provide Important Forest Function of Biodiversity Conservation. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1643 PO 99 PO0099-07 SExI-FS - a tree growth simulation model to explore mixed stand designs and their production potential Degi Harja, Gregoire Vincent and Laxman Joshi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Harja D, Vincent G and Joshi L. SExI-FS - a tree growth simulation model to explore mixed stand designs and their production potential. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1641 PO 97 PO0097-07 Ex Ante Impacts of Gaharu (Aquilaria Spp; Thymelaeaceae) Biotechnology: From Depleted Forest Resource to Profitable Agroforest Component? Bambang Soeharto, Suseno Budidarsono and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Soeharto B, Budidarsono S and van Noordwijk M. Ex Ante Impacts of Gaharu (Aquilaria Spp; Thymelaeaceae) Biotechnology: From Depleted Forest Resource to Profitable Agroforest Component?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1640 PO 96 PO0096-07 It took 12 cops to realize that 20 is more than 0.01: avoided deforestation post-Kyoto Meine van Noordwijk, Daniel Murdiyarso, Fahmudin Agus, Sonya Dewi and Betha Lusiana 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Murdiyarso D, Agus F, Dewi S and Lusiana B. It took 12 cops to realize that 20 is more than 0.01: avoided deforestation post-Kyoto. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1639 PO 95 PO0095-07 Jatropha in agroforestry context? WaNuLCAS predictions Meine van Noordwijk, Ni'matul Khasanah and Betha Lusiana 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Khasanah N and Lusiana B. Jatropha in agroforestry context? WaNuLCAS predictions. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1638 PO 94 PO0094-07 Bamboo species ? ?filter? species to mitigate pollution and improve income for smallholder farmers? MH Hoang, Ellinor Dässman, Sara Frandsen, La Nguyen, Vu Tan Phuong, Ingvar Nilsson, Ingrid Oborn and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Vietnam Vietnam English Hoang M, Dässman E, Frandsen S, La Nguyen LN, Phuong VT, Nilsson I, Oborn I and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Bamboo species – ‘filter’ species to mitigate pollution and improve income for smallholder farmers?. Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1637 PO 93 PO0093-07 Markets For Agroforestry Tree Products Project : Generating Knowledge for Curriculum and Teaching Materials Development Jess Fernandez 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Fernandez J. Markets For Agroforestry Tree Products Project : Generating Knowledge for Curriculum and Teaching Materials Development. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1636 PO 92 PO0092-07 Using GIS/RS to design and study impacts of tenurial access on deforestation Andree Eka Dinata, Sonya Dewi, Danan Prasetyo Hadi, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi and S. Suyanto 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A, Dewi S, Hadi DP, Adi DK and Suyanto S. Using GIS/RS to design and study impacts of tenurial access on deforestation. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1635 PO 91 PO0091-07 RUPES in Sumberjaya: Rivercare, infiltration pits and conditional tenure S. Suyanto, Beria Leimona, Noviana Khususiyah, Rahman, Bruno Verbist and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Suyanto S, Leimona B, Khususiyah N, Rahman , Verbist B and van Noordwijk M. RUPES in Sumberjaya: Rivercare, infiltration pits and conditional tenure. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1634 PO 90 PO0090-07 Sureeporn Sringam, Attachai Jintrawet, Chanwit Soonthornmuang, Pornwilai Saipothong, Sunthorn Sepan, Sonat Natee, Ampat Pittakham, Chamnong Chanpo, Nikom Onkeaw and David Thomas 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Thailand Thailand English 1633 PO 89 PO0089-07 Rapid hydrological appraisal -- step 2 Rudi Harto Widodo, Elok Mulyoutami, Farida, Kevin Jeanes, Betha Lusiana, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Harto Widodo R, Mulyoutami E, Farida , Jeanes K, Lusiana B, Joshi L and van Noordwijk M. Rapid hydrological appraisal -- step 2. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1632 PO 88 PO0088-07 Realistic, conditional and voluntary -- but pro-propoor? Criteria and indicators for environmental service reward and compensation mechanisms Meine van Noordwijk, Beria Leimona, Sandra J.Velarde, S. Suyanto, Laxman Joshi and Brent Swallow 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Leimona B, Velarde SJ, Suyanto S, Joshi L and Swallow BM. Realistic, conditional and voluntary -- but pro-propoor? Criteria and indicators for environmental service reward and compensation mechanisms. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1631 PO 87 PO0087-07 Participatory Land Use Mapping Pornwilai Saipothong, David Thomas, Anantika Ratnamkin and Theerasak Sangsrichan 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Thailand Thailand English Saipothong P, Thomas D, Ratnamkin A and Sangsrichan T. Participatory Land Use Mapping. Thailand. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2007. 1630 PO 86 PO0086-07 Integrated Natural Resource Management: linking knowledge to action; or, when half a brain is not enough Meine van Noordwijk, William C Clark, Nancy Dickinson, Elisabeth McNie and S. Suyanto 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Clark WC, Dickinson N, McNie E and Suyanto S. Integrated Natural Resource Management: linking knowledge to action; or, when half a brain is not enough. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1629 PO 85 PO0085-07 Java: Less Forest, More Trees Outside Forest, Persistent Poverty Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata, Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi, Chip C Fay and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Eka Dinata A, Adi DK, Fay CC and van Noordwijk M. Java: Less Forest, More Trees Outside Forest, Persistent Poverty. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1628 PO 84 PO0084-07 Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of lowland relationships Danan Prasetyo Hadi, Meine van Noordwijk and Sonya Dewi 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Hadi DP, van Noordwijk M and Dewi S. Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of lowland relationships. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1627 PO 83 PO0083-07 Expansion of the knowledge on the poverty and environment linkages in Vietnam MH Hoang, TT Phama, D Thomas, Brent Swallow, Meine van Noordwijk, A Killen, L Lacrossee, A Clausene, T Sunderland, NA Dang, VT Truong, QC Trane and Nguyen Thi Thu Cuc 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Vietnam Vietnam English Hoang M, Phama T, Thomas D, Swallow BM, van Noordwijk M, Killen A, Lacrossee L, Clausene A, Sunderland T, Dang N, Truong V, Trane Q and Chuc N. Expansion of the knowledge on the poverty and environment linkages in Vietnam. Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 2007. 1626 PO 82 PO0082-07 The Profile of Tsunami Affected Soils and Management Implication Fahmudin Agus, Subagjo H, Achmad Rachman and IGM. Subiksa 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Agus F, Subagjo H, Rachman A and Subiksa I. The Profile of Tsunami Affected Soils and Management Implication. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1625 PO 81 PO0081-07 Timber-based Agroforestry Options for Upland Farmers on Degraded Soils in the Philippines: Tree growth, Agroforestry systems and Farmers? Risk Fernando Santos Martin, Betha Lusiana, Ni'matul Khasanah, Rachmat Mulia and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Martin FS, Lusiana B, Khasanah N, Mulia R and van Noordwijk M. Timber-based Agroforestry Options for Upland Farmers on Degraded Soils in the Philippines: Tree growth, Agroforestry systems and Farmers’ Risk. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2007. 1624 BK 114 BK0114-07 Sustaining economic growth, rural livelihoods, and environmental benefits: Strategic options for forest assistance in Indonesia 2007 Worldbank, CIFOR, DFID, EU, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), ADB, IFC 220 Southeast Asia Indonesian 2007. Sustaining economic growth, rural livelihoods, and environmental benefits: Strategic options for forest assistance in Indonesia. : Worldbank, CIFOR, DFID, EU, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), ADB, IFC. 220 p. 1623 JA 253 JA0253-07 Integrative science in practice: Process perspectives from ASB, the Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins 2007 18 ASB, the Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, is a decade-old, complex, multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary, multi-site research and development consortium. It has been recognized for its success in producing scientific outputs and real world impacts and as a pioneer in integrated natural resource management (iNRM). Until now, there has been little understanding of the reasons for its success in integrating different perspectives and ways of working. To fill this gap, an on-line consultation involving ASB researchers was structured following an analytical framework developed by the Initiative on Science and Technology for Sustainability. The structure of the presentation of major results presented in this article also follows that framework, which includes four dimensions of integration (disciplinary, functional, spatial/ temporal, and knowledge) and linked challenges of institutional learning and adaptation, fostering appropriate participation, and managing resource and capacity constraints. To lay the foundations for interpreting these insights and to motivate the study, introductory sections present qualitative evidence regarding organizational learning within the consortium (using research hypotheses as indicators) and success in producing integrated results (using a selection of research results as evidence). This report on ASB?s experience in integrative science and organizational learning is intended to advance understanding of the scope and limits of a complex international consortium to integrate activities across disciplines, organizations, scales and knowledge systems in order to produce knowledge and policy relevant outputs. ASB?s processes and structures have weaknesses as well as strengths. And while there almost certainly are a range of effective alternative approaches to integrative science, the insights from ASB?s experience documented in these online discussions could be of interest to other geographically dispersed teams, especially those working on environment and development issues. Moreover, from a methodological perspective, the use of information technology reported in this article proved to be an effective means of triangulating the perceptions of geographically dispersed researchers. In doing so, this web-based consultation provided a medium for reflection by a large ?virtual team? on whether words about integration are translated into practice, at least as perceived and self-reported by the scientists who participated. These techniques could be employed for process documentation by other dispersed teams, thereby adding to the stock of information on what works (and what does not) in efforts to put integrative science into practice on a significant scale. Tropical forest margins; Integrated Natural Resource Management; Organizational learning; Distributed research network; Sustainable development Southeast Asia English 1622 PO 80 PO0080-07 Sungai sebagai pembangkit listrik tenaga air RUPES Bungo Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian RUPES Bungo Team. Sungai sebagai pembangkit listrik tenaga air. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1621 PO 79 PO0079-07 Ratna Akiefnawati and Laxman Joshi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian 1620 PO 78 PO0078-07 Pemetaan partisipatif RUPES Bungo Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian RUPES Bungo Team. Pemetaan partisipatif. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1619 PO 77 PO0077-07 Perpaduan pengetahuan lokal tenteng pembibitan kebun karet RUPES Bungo Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian RUPES Bungo Team. Perpaduan pengetahuan lokal tenteng pembibitan kebun karet. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1618 PO 76 PO0076-07 Mengapa kita perlu melindungi kebun karet? RUPES Bungo Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian RUPES Bungo Team. Mengapa kita perlu melindungi kebun karet?. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1617 PO 75 PO0075-07 Menuju Hutan Lestari Masyarakat Sejahtera melalui HKm RUPES Sumberjaya Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian RUPES Sumberjaya Team. Menuju Hutan Lestari Masyarakat Sejahtera melalui HKm. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1616 PO 74 PO0074-07 Trudy O'Connor, Gerhard Manurung and James M Roshetko 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian 1615 PO 73 PO0073-07 Healthy Landscape Mosaics and Clean Water for Hydro-electricity RUPES SUMBERJAYA RUPES 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. Healthy Landscape Mosaics and Clean Water for Hydro-electricity RUPES SUMBERJAYA. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1614 PO 72 PO0072-07 Singkarak: linking rewards and governance to effects of land use on environmental services at the scale of the lake RUPES Singkarak Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES Singkarak Team. Singkarak: linking rewards and governance to effects of land use on environmental services at the scale of the lake. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1613 PO 71 PO0071-07 Traditional Rubber Agroforest: Local Effort to Protect the Areas of Globally Important Biodiversity RUPES Bungo Team 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES Bungo Team. Traditional Rubber Agroforest: Local Effort to Protect the Areas of Globally Important Biodiversity. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1612 PO 70 PO0070-07 RAS 1.2: Uji perbandingan karet klonal pada wanatani berbasis karet Ilahang, Ratna Akiefnawati, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Ilahang, Akiefnawati R, Wibawa G and Joshi L. RAS 1.2: Uji perbandingan karet klonal pada wanatani berbasis karet. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1611 PO 69 PO0069-07 RAS 1.1: Frekuensi penyiangan pada wanatani berbasis karet Ilahang, Ratna Akiefnawati, Gede Wibawa and Laxman Joshi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Ilahang, Akiefnawati R, Wibawa G and Joshi L. RAS 1.1: Frekuensi penyiangan pada wanatani berbasis karet. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1610 LE 67 LE0067-07 Tsunami, conflicts and forestry in Aceh: A brief revieTsunami, review Yayan Indriatmoko, Hasantoha Adnan, Heru Komarudin and Yulia Siagian 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Indriatmoko Y, Adnan H, Komarudin H and Siagian Y. 2006. Tsunami, conflicts and forestry in Aceh: A brief revieTsunami, review. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1609 LE 66 LE0066-07 Rehabilitating mangroves in the West Coast of AceRehabilitating Aceh Usha K Prasad, Anne-Maree Schwarz, Dedi Adhuri and Madan Dey 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Prasad UK, Schwarz A, Adhuri D and Dey M. 2006. Rehabilitating mangroves in the West Coast of AceRehabilitating Aceh. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1608 LE 65 LE0065-07 BrackisBrackish-water aquaculture in Aceh: post tsunami rehabilitation and problems Suseno Budidarsono and Indra Zainun 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S and Zainun I. 2006. BrackisBrackish-water aquaculture in Aceh: post tsunami rehabilitation and problems. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1607 LE 64 LE0064-07 Fisheries in the West Coast of AceFisheries Aceh ? In search of a balance development Dedi Adhuri, Usha K Prasad and Madan Dey 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Adhuri D, Prasad UK and Dey M. 2006. Fisheries in the West Coast of AceFisheries Aceh – In search of a balance development. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1606 LE 63 LE0063-07 Market access for rubber and cocoa in the tsunami affected coastal zone in West Aceh Uhendi Haris 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Haris U. 2006. Market access for rubber and cocoa in the tsunami affected coastal zone in West Aceh. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1605 LE 62 LE0062-07 Supporting tree crops development on the East coast of NanggroSupporting Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Gede Wibawa and Jean Guy Bertault 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Wibawa G and Bertault JG. 2006. Supporting tree crops development on the East coast of NanggroSupporting Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD). [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1604 LE 61 LE0061-07 Participatory tree crop developmenParticipatory development Muhammad Supriadi, Laxman Joshi and Gede Wibawa 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Supriadi M, Joshi L and Wibawa G. 2006. Participatory tree crop developmenParticipatory development. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1603 LE 60 LE0060-07 Land suitability for agricultural crops in West Aceh districLand district Sofyan Ritung, Wahyunto and Fahmudin Agus 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Ritung S, W and Agus F. 2006. Land suitability for agricultural crops in West Aceh districLand district. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1602 LE 59 LE0059-07 Peat land along the coast of West AcePeat Aceh Laxman Joshi, Fahmudin Agus and IGM. Subiksa 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Agus F and Subiksa I. 2006. Peat land along the coast of West AcePeat Aceh. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1601 LE 58 LE0058-07 The salt leached out and the soil fertility changes after tsunaThe tsunami IGM. Subiksa, Dedi Erfandi and Fahmudin Agus 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Subiksa I, Erfandi D and Agus F. 2006. The salt leached out and the soil fertility changes after tsunaThe tsunami. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1600 LE 57 LE0057-07 Ducks as smalDucks small-scale investment for women L. Hardi Prasetyo 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Prasetyo LH. 2006. Ducks as smalDucks small-scale investment for women. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1599 LE 56 LE0056-07 NypNypa fruticans ? useful but forgotten in mangrove reforestation programs? Laxman Joshi, Usha K Prasad and Dedi Adhuri 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Prasad UK and Adhuri D. 2006. NypNypa fruticans – useful but forgotten in mangrove reforestation programs?. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1598 LE 55 LE0055-07 Village level analyses of poverty and land use/cover in West AcVillage Aceh Sonya Dewi and Andree Eka Dinata 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Dewi S and Eka Dinata A. 2006. Village level analyses of poverty and land use/cover in West AcVillage Aceh. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1597 LE 54 LE0054-07 Livelihood and resilience in West Aceh Laxman Joshi, Ery Nugraha, Suseno Budidarsono and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Joshi L, Nugraha E, Budidarsono S and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Livelihood and resilience in West Aceh. [Leaflet]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1596 LE 53 LE0053-07 Information about natural resource management in the posInformation post-tsunami coastal area of Aceh Anggoro Santoso and Tikah Atikah 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Santoso A and Atikah T. 2006. Information about natural resource management in the posInformation post-tsunami coastal area of Aceh. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1595 LE 52 LE0052-07 The tsunami as test of resilience of coastal livelihoods in Aceh: Overview of an integrated natural resource management approach to rehabilitation Meine van Noordwijk, Suseno Budidarsono, Laxman Joshi and Ery Nugraha 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Budidarsono S, Joshi L and Nugraha E. 2006. The tsunami as test of resilience of coastal livelihoods in AceThe Aceh: Overview of an integrated natural resource management approach to rehabilitation. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1594 JA 252 JA0252-07 Towards Solutions for State vs. Local Community Conflicts Over Forestland: The Impact of Formal Recognition of User Rights in Krui, Sumatra, Indonesia Koen Kusters, Hubert de Foresta, Andree Eka Dinata and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 Human Ecology 35 2007 427-438 In 1998, a decree issued by the Indonesian government enabled communities in Krui, Indonesia, to register for concession rights over the area of state forest land planted with their agroforests. Registration would provide farmers with the legal right to manage and benefit from these agroforests. In 2005, we found that even though none of the Krui communities has ever formally applied for their concession rights, the decree has been instrumental in stopping outsiders? attempts to appropriate these agroforests. Farmers within the state forest zone felt secure enough to continue investing in their complex agroforestry systems, while planting trees reinforced their feeling of security. We conclude that it is not the legal status of tenure, but the perception of tenure security that is of significance in people?s land-use decisions. These results are considered in the wider context of state?community conflicts over forest land in the tropics Tenure, security, property rights, user rights, agroforestry, deforestation Southeast Asia English http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9103-4]]> 1592 RP 132 RP0132-07 The 1st general meeting of the South Asian network for agroforestry education (SEANAFE), Harrar Hall , IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, the Philippines, April 26-28, 1999. . Training and education report no. 49 Per Rudebjer and Romulo A Del Castillo 1999 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Bogor, Indonesia 66 Head Quarters English Rudebjer P and A Del Castillo R. The 1st general meeting of the South Asian network for agroforestry education (SEANAFE), Harrar Hall , IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, the Philippines, April 26-28, 1999. . Training and education report no. 49. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1999. 66 p. 1591 BK 113 BK0113-07 China and forest trade in the Asia-pacific region: implications for forests and livelihoods Fredrich Kahrl, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Su Yufang 2005 30 China English Kahrl F, Weyerhaeuser H and Yufang S. 2005. China and forest trade in the Asia-pacific region: implications for forests and livelihoods. : 30 p. 1590 PP 227 PP0227-07 RUPES: a bright future for Philippine upland poor Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D. Lasco 2006 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 8 In International Symposium.Towards sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems in mountainous regions, 7-9 March 2006, Chiang Mai, Thailand Philippines English Villamor GB and Lasco R. 2006. RUPES: a bright future for Philippine upland poor. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1589 JA 251 JA0251-07 Carbon storage of land cover types in the western margin of Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines: a case study Regina.N. Banaticla and Rodel D. Lasco 2006 Journal of Nature Studies 5 1 77-89 Philippines English Banaticla R and Lasco R. 2006. Carbon storage of land cover types in the western margin of Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines: a case study. Journal of Nature Studies. 5(1):P. 77-89. 1588 PP 226 PP0226-07 Research on non-timber forest products: a rewarding subject for joint projects between Chinese and German research institutions Yongping Yang, Marco Stark, Christoph Kleinn and Horst Weyerhaeuser Christoph Kleinn, Yongping Yang, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Marco Stark 2006 The sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in China: strategies to balance economic benefits and biodiversity conservation 7-11 China English Yang Y, Stark M, Kleinn C and Weyerhaeuser H. 2006. Research on non-timber forest products: a rewarding subject for joint projects between Chinese and German research institutions. In: Kleinn C, Yang Y, Weyerhaeuser H and Stark M,eds. The sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in China: strategies to balance economic benefits and biodiversity conservation. 1587 PP 225 PP0225-07 Certification of non-timber forest products: potential pathway toward balancing economic and environmental goals in southwest China Marco Stark, D. Min, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Yongping Yang Christoph Kleinn, Yongping Yang, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Marco Stark 2006 The sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in China: strategies to balance economic benefits and biodiversity conservation 97-108 Philippines English Stark M, Min D, Weyerhaeuser H and Yang Y. 2006. Certification of non-timber forest products: potential pathway toward balancing economic and environmental goals in southwest China. In: Kleinn C, Yang Y, Weyerhaeuser H and Stark M,eds. The sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in China: strategies to balance economic benefits and biodiversity conservation. 1586 JA 250 JA0250-07 Characterisation and diagnosis of rural-urban interface farming in the Tu Liem and Thanh Tri Districts of Hanoi City, Vietnam M.H.H. Fagerstrom, T. Yem, Pham Quang Ha, Vu Dinh Tuan, C. Valhed, K. Kvamme and Y.Nyberg 2005 International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 3 3 12 Thailand English Fagerstrom M, Yem T, Ha PQ, Tuan VD, Valhed C, Kvamme K and Nyberg Y. 2005. Characterisation and diagnosis of rural-urban interface farming in the Tu Liem and Thanh Tri Districts of Hanoi City, Vietnam. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 3(3):P. 12. 1585 BC 244 BC0244-07 Grassland Louis V. Verchot, Krug T, Rodel D. Lasco, SM Ogle, J Raison, Li Yue, D.L. Martino, B.G. McConkey, P Smith and M.W. Karunditu H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara and K. Tanabe 2006 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 4 6.1-6.49 Philippines English Verchot LV, Krug T , Lasco R, SM Ogle , J Raison , Yue L, Martino D, McConkey B, Smith P and Karunditu M. 2006. Grassland. In: Eggleston H, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T and Tanabe K,eds. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. : P. 6.1-6.49. 1583 BC 242 BC0242-07 Generic methodologies applicable to multiple land-use categories H. Aalde, P. Gonzales, Krug T, M. Gytarsky, W. A. Kurz, Rodel D. Lasco, D.L. Martino, B.G. McConkey, SM Ogle, K Paustian, J Raison, N.H. Ravindranath, D. Schoene, P Smith, Z. Somogyi, A. Van Amstel and L.Verchot H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara and K. Tanabe 2006 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 4 2.1-2.59 Philippines English Aalde H, Gonzales P, Krug T, Gytarsky M, Kurz WA, Lasco R, Martino D, McConkey B, SM O, Paustian K, J R, Ravindranath N, Schoene D, Smith P, Somogyi Z, Van Amstel A and Verchot L. 2006. Generic methodologies applicable to multiple land-use categories. In: Eggleston H, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T and Tanabe K,eds. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. : P. 2.1-2.59. 1581 PP 224 PP0224-07 A rapid assessment af farm forestry in Bohol: characterization constraints and recommendations C.E. Yao, Manuel Bertomeu and G. Cordero J. van der Ploeg and A.B. Masipiquena 2005 The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development CVPED 111-121 Philippines English Yao C, Bertomeu M and Cordero G. 2005. A rapid assessment af farm forestry in Bohol: characterization constraints and recommendations. In: Ploeg Jv and Masipiquena A,eds. The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development. CVPED. 1580 WP 78 WP0078-07 Tradeoff analysis of adaptation strategies for natural resources, water resources, and local institutions in the Philippines Rodel D. Lasco, RVO Cruz, Juan M. Pulhin and Florencia B Pulhin 2006 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 32 22 AIACC Working Paper Philippines English Lasco R, RVO Cruz , Pulhin JM and Pulhin FB. 2006. Tradeoff analysis of adaptation strategies for natural resources, water resources, and local institutions in the Philippines. 32: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 22 p. 1579 NL 28 NL0028-07 Biodiversity Platform News 2006 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 1 10 Southeast Asia English 2006. Biodiversity Platform News. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1578 PP 223 PP0223-07 Forest, poverty, and poverty allevation policies William Sunderlin, Sonya Dewi and Atie Puntodewo 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 54 This paper examines poverty and deforestation in developing countries as linked problems and focuses on policies that can favor poverty alleviation in forested regions. It is assumed that three key frames of reference must be borne in mind in order to produce the best possible policies: (1) the location of the rural poor and types and levels of poverty in relation to forest resources; (2) variations in the density of forest cover in relation to distance from urban areas (the von Th�nen scale); and (3) variations in forest cover over time (high, low, then partial restoration) in relation to a country?s forest transition experience. There are three main conclusions linked to each of these frames of reference. (1) Although relatively few people live in areas of high forest cover, they tend to be characterized by high rates of poverty and, relatedly, they are among the ?poorest of the poor.? (2) Four policy approaches are recommended for lifting people out of poverty: transfer tenure of forest lands from governments to forest dwellers; facilitate access to forest product markets; promote commercial-scale community forestry and company-community partnerships; and establish payments for forest environmental services that are pro-poor. Implementation of these four strategies must take into account the implications of the four Von Th�nen zones (peri-urban, agricultural mosaic, forest frontier, and relatively undisturbed forests). (3) One cannot place blind faith in economic growth or in the forest transition, and for this reason, strategic policy interventions are necessary to assist the process of livelihood improvement and forest cover stabilization and restoration. Background paper for World Bank Policy Research Report titled: At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty Reduction, and Environment in the Tropical Forests by Chomitz, K Southeast Asia English Sunderlin W, Dewi S and Puntodewo A. 2006. Forest, poverty, and poverty allevation policies. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1577 PP 222 PP0222-07 Livelihoods strategies under different access and natural asset levels in Jharkhand, India Brian Belcher, Sonya Dewi and R Achdiawan 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Southeast Asia English Belcher B, Dewi S and Achdiawan R. 2006. Livelihoods strategies under different access and natural asset levels in Jharkhand, India. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1576 PP 221 PP0221-07 Assessment of spatial and temporal dynamics of livelihoods: A methodological perspective Sonya Dewi, Brian Belcher and R Achdiawan 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 35 Increased international attention to rural poverty alleviation and sustainable development underscores the need for better tools for analyzing the factors and conditions that shape livelihoods and for assessing the livelihood impacts of project- and policy-interventions. The first aspect encompasses important spatial dynamics, while the second addresses both temporal and spatial dynamics. To be effective, such approaches must accommodate the complex and multidimensional nature of livelihood systems by: i) using appropriate indicators of livelihoods outcomes and embracing multiple components of a livelihood system; ii) analyzing the influence of multiple and complex factors, including development interventions; iii) addressing differential impacts by taking appropriate aggregation at the village level. Powerful new geomatics technologies offer new ways to deal with spatial variability, and can be combined with innovative social-science approaches for more efficient socio-economic data collection and analysis. This paper discusses key principles for designing appropriate methods and reports lessons learned from our own experience in Jharkhand state, India and Kutai Barat district in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In these two study areas, with relatively low levels of development and high forest cover, we assessed livelihood systems by: i) using available, broad range data of assets and socio-economic data in indices of development from secondary source; ii) using geomatics tools for sampling and analyses that encompass a range of theoretically important variables (e.g. road access; market access; proximity to large projects; tribal affiliation; topography; land suitability); iii) identifying key factors that characterize within-village stratification and designing household sampling accordingly; iv) aggregating unit of analysis to address differential impacts and relationships among livelihood components. Multilevel regression analysis is used to address hierarchical or differential structure in the data. The paper provides guidance for improved landscape-scale livelihoods analysis and targeting and identifies a way forward for further method improvement. India, Indonesia, geomatics, sampling techniques, multilevel regression, forest contribution, sustainable livelihoods, household strategy, geographical context, impact evaluation, landscape scale Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Belcher B and Achdiawan R. 2006. Assessment of spatial and temporal dynamics of livelihoods: A methodological perspective. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1575 BC 241 BC0241-07 Chapter 5 Cropland R.D.Lasco, Ogle SM, Raison J, Verchot LV, Wassmann R and Yagi K 2006 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Philippines English Lasco R, SM Ogle , J Raison , Verchot LV, R Wassmann and K Yagi . 2006. Chapter 5 Cropland. 2006 In: IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1573 JA 248 JA0248-07 Carbon stocks assessment of a selectively logged dipterocarp forest and wood processing mill in the Philippines R.D.Lasco, MacDicken K, Florencia B Pulhin, Guillermo IQ, Renezita F. Sales and Cruz RVO 2006 J tropical Forest Science World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 18 212-221 Philippines English Lasco R, K MacDicken , Pulhin FB, IQ Guillermo , Sales RF and RVO Cruz . 2006. Carbon stocks assessment of a selectively logged dipterocarp forest and wood processing mill in the Philippines. J tropical Forest Science. 18: P. 212-221. 1572 PP 220 PP0220-07 Village level analyses of poverty and land use/cover in West Aceh Sonya Dewi, Andree Eka Dinata and Danan Prasetyo Hadi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 8 Southeast Asia English Dewi S, Eka Dinata A and Hadi DP. 2006. Village level analyses of poverty and land use/cover in West Aceh. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1571 PP 219 PP0219-07 Can Secure Tenure Help Reduce Deforestation? Andree Eka Dinata, Sonya Dewi, Danan Prasetyo Hadi and Dudy Kurnia Nugroho Adi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 26 Southeast Asia English Eka Dinata A, Dewi S, Hadi DP and Adi DK. 2006. Can Secure Tenure Help Reduce Deforestation?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1570 PP 218 PP0218-07 Economic Growth and Watershed Management: Drivers of Research and Development Innovations Delia Catacutan, Caroline E.Duque, RE Margate and Lyndon J.Arbes 2008 Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Lao PDR, Laos 391-408 Landcare, agroforestry, adaptive management Paper presented to the International Conference on Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management: Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, held at Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, 12-15 December 2006. Philippines English Catacutan D, Duque CE, Margate R and Arbes LJ. 2008. Economic Growth and Watershed Management: Drivers of Research and Development Innovations. Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Conference Linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, 12-15 Dec 2006. Lao PDR, Laos. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). GRP 2, GRP 6 1569 BC 240 BC0240-07 Enabling Local Communities to Develop and Scale up Ecoagriculture: A Grassroots Perspective Donato Bumacas, Delia Catacutan, Gladman Chibememe and Claire Rhodes 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 39 Worldwide, local farming, herding, forest and fishing producers and their communities demonstrate deep expertise in ecoagriculture management, and are responsible for conserving millions of hectares of natural habitat within and beyond public protected areas. Recognition of this expertise is growing, but the global community needs to take further action to appreciate and learn from the ecoagriculture knowledge and innovation demonstrated by grassroots practitioners worldwide. A high degree of incompatibility remains between the holistic management approaches employed by communities to sustain inter-linked livelihood objectives, and the institutional environment within which they are constrained to operate. This chapter addresses priority actions required at the local, national and international levels to support, build upon and mobilize community-based ?ecoagriculture? expertise by respecting and building upon the existing knowledge base from the ?bottom-up?, valuing and engaging local communities as true, equitable partners in decision-making processes Philippines English Bumacas D, Catacutan D, Chibememe G and Rhodes C. 2006. Enabling Local Communities to Develop and Scale up Ecoagriculture: A Grassroots Perspective. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 39. 1568 PP 217 PP0217-07 Collective action to which markets? ATSAL in the Philippines Delia Catacutan, Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon J.Arbes, Caroline E.Duque and Novie Butra 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 17 The Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in Bukidnon province, southern Philippines was organized in 1998, facilitated by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Farmers were trained on germplasm collection, processing and marketing of agroforestry tree seeds and seedlings. ATSAL has been marketing various tree seeds and seedlings with apparent success. It also provided training on seed collection and nursery management to farmers, government technicians, and workers from non-government organizations (NGOs). This paper reports on the initial results of an on-going study to assess the effectiveness of ATSAL?s marketing strategy, including group dynamics, and the issues and challenges the group face. It was found that during the first two years, ATSAL?s market share of greatly demanded timber tree species, e.g., Maesopsis eminii increased significantly, thus helping to disseminate widely these important species among farmers. ICRAF?s technical back-up was an advantage, increasing the Association?s market credibility. Subsequently, ATSAL extended its market to the central Philippines, but failed to meet the demand of seeds due to organizational limitations. Market competition exists, where a non-member was able to take a large market share than was the group. Nonetheless, ATSAL has established its name as a viable community-based seed and seedling producer, maintaining a stronghold in local and regional markets. Collective action is important for smallholders to break in, and gain market access, but is unlikely to sustain without effective leadership and on-going facilitation, thus requiring expenditures on ?repairs and maintenance? through continuous technical and leadership training for the collective, and technical back-up and facilitation by an intermediary. Finally, organizing smallholder collective action is essentially an arduous task, requiring the supporting agency to hold a firm grasp of market realities, to invest in the maintenance of social capital, to provide continuous technical back-up, and to ascertain the conditions that make collective action succeed. collective action, niche marketing, agroforestry seeds Research Workshop on Collective Action and Market Access for Smallholders, 2-6 October 2006, Cali, Colombia Philippines English Catacutan D, Bertomeu M, Arbes LJ, Duque CE and Butra N. Collective action to which markets? ATSAL in the Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1567 PP 216 PP0216-07 The dynamics of landcare groups in the Philippines: a social capital perspective Delia Catacutan, rob cramb and Zorina Arellano 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 16 Paper to be presented at the International Landcare Conference, Melbourne, 9-11 October 2006 Philippines English Catacutan D, Cramb R and Arellano Z. 2006. The dynamics of landcare groups in the Philippines: a social capital perspective. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 1565 PP 215 PP0215-07 Banana Market Chain Improvement ? Enhance Farmers? Market Linkages in West Java, Indonesia Joel Tukan, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono and Gerhard Manurung 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 12 Farmers in Nanggung subdistrict live on or below the poverty line with access to less then 1 hectare of land, consisting of irrigated rice fields (0.3 ha) and upland tree gardens (0.5 ha). Traditionally, tree gardens products are intended for household consumption with some sales in local markets. Management is not intensive, the use agricultural inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, quality germplasm) is infrequent, and labor is focused on harvesting. Proximity to Jakarta and its infrastructure offer Nanggung farmers opportunity to target production to meet raising demand for fruit and vegetable products in lucrative urban and international markets. Fruit and vegetable products with a high demand include: banana, durian, mangosteen, rambutan, petai, jackfruit, chili peppers, tomatoes, sweet corn, peanuts, green beans and chickpeas. Banana holds particularly high potential, being the most common and profitable tree garden crop in Nanggung. Market demand far exceeds supply. Under Nanggung conditions bananas will produce fruit 12 months after establishment and then every 4-6 months thereafter. However, the quality of garden products is inconsistent and often inferior. Farmers have limited market knowledge and linkages. Farmers are interested in intensifying their tree farming activities, but hesitate because they are not sure where to focus their efforts. We report here ongoing work to assist Nanggung farmers improve their tree garden management to enhance both the quantity and quality of the products and strengthen their ability to respond to market opportunities. Banana is used as an example of how to achieve success agroforestry, tree gardens, deliberate management, market channel, banana, farmer income, poverty reduction Southeast Asia English Tukan J, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S and Gerhard Manurung G. 2006. Banana Market Chain Improvement – Enhance Farmers’ Market Linkages in West Java, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Winrock International. 1564 JA 246 JA0246-07 Assessing the Role of Watershed Areas in Mitigating Climate Change in the Philippines: The Case of the La Mesa Watershed Rodel D. Lasco and Florencia B Pulhin 2006 Journal of Environmental Science and Management World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 9 1 10 carbon sink, biomass density, tree plantations Philippines English Lasco R and Pulhin FB. 2006. Assessing the Role of Watershed Areas in Mitigating Climate Change in the Philippines: The Case of the La Mesa Watershed. Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 9(1):P. 10. 1563 PR 30 PR0030-07 The Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in China Christoph Kleinn, Yongping Yang, Horst Weyerhaeuser and Marco Stark 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF 199 Sino-German Symposium 2006. Proceedings NTFP Symposium China English 0 2006. The Sustainable Harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products in China. In: Kleinn C, Yang Y, Weyerhaeuser H and Stark M,eds. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 199 p. 1562 JA 245 JA0245-07 Nitrogen availability and soil N2O emissions following conversion of forests to coffee in southern Sumatra Louis V. Verchot, Lusida Hutabarat, Kurniatun Hairiah and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 20 12 Southeast Asia English Verchot LV, Hutabarat L, Hairiah K and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Nitrogen availability and soil N2O emissions following conversion of forests to coffee in southern Sumatra. 20: P. 12. 1561 PP 214 PP0214-07 Transdisciplinary research to promote biodiversity conservation and enhanced management of tropical landscape mosaics Jean-Laurent Pfund, Trudy O'Connor, Piia Koponen and Jean-Marc Boffa 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 10 By developing methods and instruments that help to inform and facilitate coherent landscape planning across various spatial scales, research institutions can support decisions by communities, conservation agencies and policy-makers. Ideally, these would help to define management options that integrate biodiversity and livelihoods and promote equitable participation in planning processes. Within a joint ?Biodiversity Platform?, the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) centres CIFOR and ICRAF aim to better understand biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in mosaic landscapes with intermediate land uses such as utilized forests and agroforests. Inter- or transdisciplinarity is one of the key issues in landscape ecology and management (Wu and Hobbs 2002). This paper reviews historical trends of research on conservation and development and identifies lessons from past attempts to combine biodiversity and livelihood aims in tropical landscapes. Based on recent experiences of integrated research the paper concludes with recommendations for transdisciplinary research in tropical landscape mosaics Transdisciplinary research, tropical landscape management, biodiversity conservation, landscape mosaics Southeast Asia English Pfund J, O'Connor T, Koponen P and Boffa J. 2006. Transdisciplinary research to promote biodiversity conservation and enhanced management of tropical landscape mosaics. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1560 PP 213 PP0213-07 Criteria and Mechanism for Rewarding Upland Poor for The Environmental Services They Provide Meine van Noordwijk, Bustanul Arifin and Beria Leimona 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 124-154 In Revitalisasi dan Multifungsi Pertanian [Multifunctionality and Revitalization of Agriculture]. Proceedings of Seminar 27-28 June 2006, Bogor. Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Arifin B and Leimona B. 2006. Criteria and Mechanism for Rewarding Upland Poor for The Environmental Services They Provide. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1559 PP 212 PP0212-07 Water Status and Radiation Environment in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Systems: A comparison between monoculture and mixed rubber-Acacia mangium plots Ni'matul Khasanah, Thomas Wijaya, Gregoire Vincent and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 9 Interplanting of Acacia mangium within Hevea brasiliensis plot may be an attractive option for smallholder rubber farmers in the tropics to increase their land productivity. Indeed, economic prospect for timber is good as timber resource in natural forest has become severely depleted and particularly so in Sumatra where this study is conducted. A. mangium being a very fast growing tree species, careful timing and management of A. mangium is probably required to reduce light competition with rubber trees. Furthermore a large portion of rubber planted area in Indonesia is subject to two or more dry months during which rubber may shed its leaves and stops its growth. Competition for water use between trees species in periods of low rainfall may be another constraint to growth of the rubber tree. When soil water is gradually depleted trees can maintain their transpiration rates if they can continue to function at more negative plant water potential. At equal rooting patterns, the trees with the almost negative plant water potential will win the contest for remaining soil water. This study compares a series of growth and physiological parameters measured on rubber trees grown either in monoculture (6 x 3.3 m and 6 x 2 x 14 m) or associated with A. mangium (3 x 3 x 17 m). In the fifth year after plot establishment, variation in the growth of rubber was analyzed in relation to leaf water potential and light interception by canopy. Leaf water potential was used as an indicator of plant water status, but also as indicator of competitive strength. Predawn leaf water potential of rubber trees grown in mixed systems or in monoculture plantation did not significantly different in the beginning of dry season. However, the girth and canopy size of rubber trees grown in mixed systems with A. mangium was significantly smaller. Leaf water potential of A. mangium was more negative than that of rubber in the mixed system, but not as negative as that in a monoculture of A. mangium (where A. mangium trees were competing conspecifically rather than with rubber). Better growth of A. mangium in the mixture than in monoculture can thus have above as well as belowground explanations. The net effect of A. mangium on depressing rubber growth, however, is likely to be primarily caused by shading. intercrop systems, leaf water potential, light intercepted by canopy, tree growth In International Natural Rubber Conference 13-14 November 2006 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Southeast Asia English Khasanah N, Wijaya T, Vincent G and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Water Status and Radiation Environment in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Systems: A comparison between monoculture and mixed rubber-Acacia mangium plots. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1558 BK BK0084-05 Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia Fahmudin Agus and Meine van Noordwijk Subekti Rahayu 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, RUPES and ASB-Indonesia Bogor, Indonesia 149 ill.; 21 cm 979-3198-20-6 Fungsi daerah aliran sungai (DAS) dan bagaimana fungsi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh 'pembangunan' banyak diperdebatkan serta menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak. Namun sesungguhnya, banyak cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah tersebut yaitu melalui kombinasi hutan, agroforestry, dan pertanian lahan kering. Persepsi yang sama (kriteria dan indikator) tentang masalah yang akan dipecahkan perlu dimiliki. Sebagai contoh, pendekatan GNRHL, di satu sisi bertujuan untuk mengamankan lingkungan, tetapi bila tidak dilaksanakan dengan benar bahkan dapat menyia-nyiakan peluang partisipasi penduduk lokal. Untuk mendukung pengelolaan lahan dapat dilakukan dengan menanam pohon yang dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi penduduk lokal dan sekaligus dapat mencapai tujuan nasional berupa pengamanan lingkungan. Perlu dipastikan agar pihak lain di luar masyarakat penghasil jasa dapat memberikan pengakuan dan penghargaan secara transparan, efektif dan memihak kepada petani miskin. agroforestri, Danau Singkarak, hidrologi hutan, imbalan jasa lingkungan, pengelolaan sumber daya air Southeast Asia Indonesian Agus F and van Noordwijk M. 2005. Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, RUPES, ASB-Indonesia. 149 p.ill.; 21 cm 1557 BK BK0075-05 Hydrological impacts of forest, agroforestry and upland cropping as a basis for rewarding environmental service providers in Indonesia Proceedings of a workshop in Padang/Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 25-28 February 2004 Fahmudin Agus and Farida Meine van Noordwijk 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, RUPES and ASB-Indonesia Bogor, Indonesia 143 ill.; 21 cm 979-3198-18-4 Hydrology, Agroforestry, Environmental Services, Forestry Southeast Asia English This proceeding consisted of papers presented in a workshop in Padang/Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia. 25-28 February 2004 involving researchers and policy makers from district, provincial, national and international levels. The chapters are preceded with a reader friendly executive summary. It revamps some ‘myth understanding’ of land use changes and hydrological relationship. The chapters include forest and watershed function relationship, the role of agroforestry in maintenance of hydrological functions, criteria and indicators for evaluating the success of watershed management, farmers’ practices worth rewarding, recognizing and rewarding of watershed services, institutional arrangement for watershed management, and reward mechanism of environmental services. Results of group discussion are included. The final parts show the picturesque photos of Singkarak and Maninjau lakes and their catchments. Agus F and Farida . 2004. Hydrological impacts of forest, agroforestry and upland cropping as a basis for rewarding environmental service providers in Indonesia Proceedings of a workshop in Padang/Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 25-28 February 2004. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, RUPES, ASB-Indonesia. 143 p.ill.; 21 cm 1556 BK 112 BK0112-07 Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): Panduan Ringkas Bagi Praktisi Gamma Galudra, Gamal Pasya, Martua T Sirait and Chip C Fay 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 50 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Galudra G, Pasya G, Sirait MT and Fay CC. 2006. Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA): Panduan Ringkas Bagi Praktisi. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 50 p. 1555 BK 111 BK0111-07 Hutan Kemasyarakatan Kabupaten Lampung Barat: Panduan cara memproses perijinan dan kiat sukses menghadapi evaluasi Nurka Cahyaningsih, Gamal Pasya and Warsito 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 87 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Cahyaningsih N, Pasya G and W. 2006. Hutan Kemasyarakatan Kabupaten Lampung Barat: Panduan cara memproses perijinan dan kiat sukses menghadapi evaluasi. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 87 p. 1553 PP 211 PP0211-07 The role of intercropping in supporting participatory rubber replanting program Anang Gunawan, Gede Wibawa, Muhammad Supriadi, Cecilia Nancy, M Jahidin Rosyid and Sugiharto 2005 Proceedings International rubber conference and products exhibition 2004 Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology Bogor, Indonesia 153-167 Southeast Asia English Gunawan A, Wibawa G, Supriadi M, Nancy C, Rosyid MJ and S. 2005. The role of intercropping in supporting participatory rubber replanting program. Proceedings International rubber conference and products exhibition 2004. Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology. 1552 PP 210 PP0210-07 Policy reforms for rubber-industry investment Bustanul Arifin 2005 Proceedings International rubber conference and products exhibition 2004 Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology Bogor, Indonesia 80-91 Southeast Asia English Arifin B. 2005. Policy reforms for rubber-industry investment. Proceedings International rubber conference and products exhibition 2004. Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology. 1550 LE 51 LE0051-07 In Kulekhani, Nepal, a hydroelectricity scheme that used to rely on 'command and control' relations with the upland communities in their catchment now face more critical 'sellers' RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 0 RUPES. 2007. In Kulekhani, Nepal, a hydroelectricity scheme that used to rely on 'command and control' relations with the upland communities in their catchment now face more critical 'sellers'. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1549 LE 50 LE0050-07 Linking rewards and governance to effects of land use on environmental services at the scale of the lake RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2007. Linking rewards and governance to effects of land use on environmental services at the scale of the lake. [Leaflet].: World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1548 LE 49 LE0049-07 In Bakun, indigenous people use modern mechanisms for selling environmental services to preserve a traditional way of life without its poverty traps RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2007. In Bakun, indigenous people use modern mechanisms for selling environmental services to preserve a traditional way of life without its poverty traps. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1547 LE 48 LE0048-07 In Sumberjaya, the hydropower company and government officials learn that with proper incentives, upland people can deliver clean water for increased electrical output RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2007. In Sumberjaya, the hydropower company and government officials learn that with proper incentives, upland people can deliver clean water for increased electrical output. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1546 LE 47 LE0047-07 The Ikalahan started to document carbon storage under their forest management systems in 1994 and provide global benefits at low transaction costs RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2007. The Ikalahan started to document carbon storage under their forest management systems in 1994 and provide global benefits at low transaction costs. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1545 LE 46 LE0046-07 In Bungo (Sumatra) farmers look for global beneficiaries to purchase the mega biodiversity sustained by their jungle rubber RUPES 2007 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English RUPES. 2007. In Bungo (Sumatra) farmers look for global beneficiaries to purchase the mega biodiversity sustained by their jungle rubber. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1544 PR 29 PR0029-07 Property Rights and Environmental Services in Lampung Province, Indonesia John Kerr, John Pender and S. Suyanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 30 Southeast Asia English 1543 PB 2 PB0002-10 Clean Rivers, Lighted Lights: Monetary Rewards for Reducing Sediment Suyanto S, et al 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Suyanto S, et al. 2006. Clean Rivers, Lighted Lights: Monetary Rewards for Reducing Sediment. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1542 PB 1 PB0001-10 Conditional Land Tenure: A Pathway to Healthy Landscapes and Enhance Livelihoods Suyanto S, et al 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Suyanto S, et al. 2006. Conditional Land Tenure: A Pathway to Healthy Landscapes and Enhance Livelihoods. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 1541 JA 244 JA0244-07 Imbalan Jasa Lingkungan untuk Pengentasan Kemiskinan S. Suyanto and Noviana Khususiyah 2006 Jurnal Agro Ekonomi (JAE) World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Vol 24 1 28 Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian imbalan jasa lingkungan berupa hak atas lahan (land right) kepada para petani miskin tidak hanya akan mengurangi kemiskinan tetapi juga akan meningkatkan pemerataan di kalangan petani. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung kebijakan pemberian imbalan jasa lingkungan bagi petani miskin sebagai kebijakan yang berpihak pada masyarakat miskin. Selain itu pemberian imbalan jasa lingkungan kepada petani miskin juga merupakan win-win solution antara kepentingan konservasi hutan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan petani miskin di sekitar hutan. Walapaun di Indonesia mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan belum berkembang dengan baik, namun telah banyak dilakukan inisiatif-inistiatif dalam skala kecil. Southeast Asia Indonesian Suyanto S and Khususiyah N. 2006. Imbalan Jasa Lingkungan untuk Pengentasan Kemiskinan. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi (JAE). Vol 24(1):P. 28. 1540 PP 208 PP0208-07 Rewarding Communities for Keeping Rivers Clean? First Steps in a RiverCare Program in West Lampung- Indonesia Rudi Harto Widodo, S. Suyanto, Bruno Verbist, Betha Lusiana, Susanto and Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi 2006 Presented at International Symposium On Community Activities for the Conservation Of Water Environment, 8 December 2006, Bangkok, Thailand 5 Presented at International Symposium On Community Activities for the Conservation Of Water Environment, 8 December 2006, Bangkok, Thailand Southeast Asia English Harto Widodo R, Suyanto S, Verbist B, Lusiana B, Susanto S and Purnomosidhi P. 2006. Rewarding Communities for Keeping Rivers Clean? First Steps in a RiverCare Program in West Lampung- Indonesia. Presented at International Symposium On Community Activities for the Conservation Of Water Environment, 8 December 2006, Bangkok, Thailand. 1538 PP 207 PP0207-06 Pengelolaan Api, Perubahan Sumberdaya Alam dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Areal Rawa/Gambut ? Sumatera Bagian Selatan Unna Chokkalingam, S. Suyanto, Rizki Pandu Permana, Iwan Kurniawan, Josni Mannes, Andy Darmawan, Noviana Khususiyah and Robiyanto Hendro Susanto S. Suyanto, Unna Chokkalingam and Prianto Wibowo 2004 Kebakaran di Lahan Rawa/Gambut di Sumatera: Masalah dan Solusi-Prosiding Semiloka (with English summary) Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, 10 - 11 Desember 2003 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 35-46 Southeast Asia Indonesian Chokkalingam U, Suyanto S, Permana RP, Kurniawan I, Mannes J, Darmawan A, Khususiyah N and Susanto RH. 2004. Pengelolaan Api, Perubahan Sumberdaya Alam dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Areal Rawa/Gambut – Sumatera Bagian Selatan. In: Suyanto S, Chokkalingam U and Wibowo P,eds. Kebakaran di Lahan Rawa/Gambut di Sumatera: Masalah dan Solusi-Prosiding Semiloka (with English summary) Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, 10 - 11 Desember 2003. Bogor, Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry Research-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1537 RP 131 RP0131-06 Final Report of the Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project David E Thomas 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Chiang Mai, Thailand 169 Thailand English 0 Thomas DE. Final Report of the Participatory Watershed Management for the Ping River Basin Project. Chiang Mai, Thailand. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 169 p. L 1536 RP 130 RP0130-06 Results Measurement Framework for Pilot Sub-basins David E Thomas 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Chiang Mai, Thailand 59 Thailand English 0 Thomas DE. Results-based Measurement Framework for Pilot Sub-basins. Chiang Mai, Thailand. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 59 p. L 1535 RP 129 RP0129-06 Final Report: Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin David E Thomas 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Chiang Mai, Thailand 288 Thailand English 0 Thomas DE. Final Report: Developing Watershed Management Organizations in Pilot Sub-Basins of the Ping River Basin. Chiang Mai, Thailand. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2005. 288 p. L 1534 PP 206 PP0206-06 Conversion of Public Land and Tenure Security in Lampong, Indonesia Martua T Sirait 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 21 A Paper for Presentation to the Workshop on ‘Tenure Reform in “Public” Lands’, as part of the International Conference on Land, Poverty, Social Justice and Development Southeast Asia English Sirait MT. 2006. Conversion of Public Land and Tenure Security in Lampong, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1533 BK 109 BK0109-06 The Application of FSC Principles No. 2 and 3 in Indonesia: Obstacles and Possibilities Marcus Colchester, Martua T Sirait and Boedhi Wijardjo 2003 Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI), Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) and The Rainforest Foundation Bogor, Indonesia 341 Southeast Asia English Colchester M, Sirait MT and Wijardjo B. 2003. The Application of FSC Principles No. 2 and 3 in Indonesia: Obstacles and Possibilities. Bogor, Indonesia. : Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI), Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), The Rainforest Foundation. 341 p. G 1532 PP 205 PP0205-06 Agroforestry for Livelihood Enhancement and Enterprise Development James M Roshetko, Eri Nugraha, Joel Tukan, Gerhard Manurung, Chip C Fay and Meine van Noordwijk 2007 Proceedings of the International Workshop for Integrated Rural Development in East Nusa Tengara held 5-7 April 2006 in Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia Australian Center for International Agricultural Research Canberra, Australia 10 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM, Nugraha E, Tukan J, Gerhard Manurung G, Fay CC and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Agroforestry for Livelihood Enhancement and Enterprise Development. Proceedings of the International Workshop for Integrated Rural Development in East Nusa Tengara held 5-7 April 2006 in Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia. Canberra, Australia. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research. T 1531 NL 27 NL0027-06 Conditional Land Tenure: A Pathway to Healthy Landscapes Southeast Asia English G 1530 PO 68 PO0068-06 Seeking 'Rewards' for Conserving Biodiversity in Traditional Rubber Agroforest Susilo Adi Kuncoro 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kuncoro SA. Seeking 'Rewards' for Conserving Biodiversity in Traditional Rubber Agroforest. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2004. G 1529 PO 67 PO0067-06 Saraswati Soegiharto, Teti Herawati and Wagiran World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English G 1528 PO 66 PO0066-06 Policy research for sustainable upland systems Yanti Kusumanto, Thomas P Tomich and David E Thomas World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Kusumanto Y, Tomich TP and Thomas DE. Policy research for sustainable upland systems. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1527 PO 65 PO0065-06 Macroeconomic Policy, Labor Migration, and Land Use in Sumatra Nu Nu San, Erwidodo, Sherman Robinson and Thomas P Tomich World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English San NN, Erwidodo , Robinson S and Tomich TP. Macroeconomic Policy, Labor Migration, and Land Use in Sumatra. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1526 PO 64 PO0064-06 Suseno Budidarsono, Thomas P Tomich and David E Thomas World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English L 1525 PO 63 PO0063-06 Window of Opportunity Community Forestry in Krui, Lampung Martua T Sirait and Chip C Fay World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Sirait MT and Fay CC. Window of Opportunity Community Forestry in Krui, Lampung. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1524 PO 62 PO0062-06 Spatial Database for Environmental Impact Assessment of Large-Scale Projects in the Lowlands of Sumatra International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Spatial Database for Environmental Impact Assessment of Large-Scale Projects in the Lowlands of Sumatra. : Bogor, Indonesia. : International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. G 1523 PO 61 PO0061-06 Land cover change detection using multisensor satellite imagery in Sumber Jaya International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Land cover change detection using multisensor satellite imagery in Sumber Jaya. : Bogor, Indonesia. : International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. L 1522 PO 60 PO0060-06 The ASB Consortium ? Innovations to reduce poverty and conserve tropical forests International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English The ASB Consortium – Innovations to reduce poverty and conserve tropical forests. : Bogor, Indonesia. : International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. L 1521 PO 59 PO0059-06 Kebun karet tradisional melindungi keanekaragaman hayati 2002 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Calendar 2003 Southeast Asia Indonesian Kebun karet tradisional melindungi keanekaragaman hayati. : Calendar 2003Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2002. G 1520 PO 58 PO0058-06 Traditional rubber agroforest preserve biodiversity 2002 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Traditional rubber agroforest preserve biodiversity. : Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2002. G 1518 PP 204 PP0204-06 Rodel D Lasco, Karl L. Villegas, Patricia Ann Jaranilla-Sanchez and Grace B.Villamor 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines 17 Philippines English G 1517 BK 108 BK0108-06 Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip FSC No.2 dan No.3 di Indonesia: Hambatan dan Kemungkinan Marcus Colchester, Martua T Sirait and Boedhi Wijardjo 2006 Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) and Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI) Jakarta. Indonesia 262 979-8071-59-X Southeast Asia Indonesian Colchester M, Sirait MT and Wijardjo B. 2006. Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip FSC No.2 dan No.3 di Indonesia: Hambatan dan Kemungkinan. Jakarta. Indonesia. : Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI). 262 p. G 1516 BK 107 BK0107-06 Tanah Yang Dijanjikan: Minyak Sawit dan Pembebasan Tanah di Indonesia - Implikasi Terhadap Masyarakat Lokal dan Masyarakat Adat Marcus Colchester, Norman Jiwan, Andiko, Martua T Sirait, Asep Yunan Firdaus, A. Surambo and Herbert Pane 2006 Forest People Programme (FPP), Sawit Watch, HUMA and World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 210 979-15188-0-7 Southeast Asia Indonesian 0 Colchester M, Jiwan N, Andiko , Sirait MT, Firdaus AY, Surambo A and Pane H. 2006. Tanah Yang Dijanjikan: Minyak Sawit dan Pembebasan Tanah di Indonesia - Implikasi Terhadap Masyarakat Lokal dan Masyarakat Adat. Bogor, Indonesia. : Forest People Programme (FPP), Sawit Watch, HUMA, World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 210 p. G 1515 BK 106 BK0106-06 Promised Land: Palm Oil and Land Acquisition in Indonesia ? Implications for Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Marcus Colchester, Norman Jiwan, Andiko, Martua T Sirait, Asep Yunan Firdaus, A. Surambo and Herbert Pane 2006 Forest People Programme (FPP), Sawit Watch, HUMA and World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 197 979-15188-0-7 Southeast Asia English 0 Colchester M, Jiwan N, Andiko , Sirait MT, Firdaus AY, Surambo A and Pane H. 2006. Promised Land: Palm Oil and Land Acquisition in Indonesia – Implications for Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples. Bogor, Indonesia. : Forest People Programme (FPP), Sawit Watch, HUMA, World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 197 p. G 1514 BC 239 BC0239-06 Major observations and some conclusions D.J. Snelder, S.H.G Schuren and Rodel D Lasco J. van der Ploeg and A.B. Masipiquena 2005 The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development CVPED Isabela 237-239 Philippines English Snelder D, Schuren S and Lasco RD. 2005. Major observations and some conclusions. In: Ploeg, J. van der and Masipiquena A,eds. The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development. Isabela. : CVPED. P. 237-239. G 1513 BC 238 BC0238-06 Tree growing in agricultural landscapes: smallholder tree growing for sustainable rural development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation S.H.G Schuren, D.J. Snelder, Rodel D Lasco and A.B. Masipiquena J. van der Ploeg and A.B. Masipiquena 2005 The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development CVPED Isabela 3-10 Philippines English Schuren S, Snelder D, Lasco RD and Masipiquena A. 2005. Tree growing in agricultural landscapes: smallholder tree growing for sustainable rural development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation. In: Ploeg Jv and Masipiquena A,eds. The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development. Isabela. : CVPED. P. 3-10. L 1512 BC 237 BC0237-06 The reforestation value chain for the Philippines Rodel D Lasco J. van der Ploeg and A.B. Masipiquena 2005 The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development CVPED Isabela 55-66 Philippines English Lasco RD. 2005. The reforestation value chain for the Philippines. In: Ploeg J van der and Masipiquena A,eds. The future of the Sierra Madre: responding to social and ecological changes. Proceedings of the fifth international conference on environment and development. Isabela. : CVPED. P. 55-66. G 1511 PP 203 PP0203-06 Rubber production and forest functions in small-holder rubber agroforestry in Indonesia Meine van Noordwijk, Dominique Boutin and Laxman Joshi Uhendi Haris, Dadang Suparto, Dadi Rusadi Maspanger, Thomas Wijaya and Ayuni Dewi Suwana 2005 Proceedings International Rubber Conference and Products Exhibition 2004 Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology Bogor, Indonesia 131-143 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Boutin D and Joshi L. 2005. Rubber production and forest functions in small-holder rubber agroforestry in Indonesia. In: Haris U, Suparto D, Maspanger DR, Wijaya T and Suwana AD,eds. Proceedings International Rubber Conference and Products Exhibition 2004. Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor Research Center for Rubber Technology. 131-143 L 1510 BC 236 BC0236-06 Sidrap Community Reforestation of Unproductive Grassland, Indonesia James M Roshetko, Rizaldi Boer, Hardjanto, Lala Kolopaking, Andri Akbar, Upik Rosalina Wasrin, Bambang Dwi Dasanto and Sri Rahayu Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 94-106 Southeast Asia English Roshetko JM, Boer R, Hardjanto , Kolopaking L, Akbar A, Wasrin UR, Dasanto BD and Rahayu S. 2006. Sidrap Community Reforestation of Unproductive Grassland, Indonesia. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 94-106. L 1509 BC 235 BC0235-06 Loksado Grassland Reforestation, Indonesia Rizaldi Boer, James M Roshetko, Hardjanto, Lala Kolopaking, Andri Akbar, Upik Rosalina Wasrin, Bambang Dwi Dasanto and Sri Rahayu Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 85-93 Southeast Asia English Boer R, Roshetko JM, Hardjanto , Kolopaking L, Akbar A, Wasrin UR, Dasanto BD and Rahayu S. 2006. Loksado Grassland Reforestation, Indonesia. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 85-93. L 1508 BC 234 BC0234-06 Way Tenong and Sidrap: Tree Planting and Poverty Alleviation, Indonesia Desi Aryadi Suyamto, Meine van Noordwijk, Betha Lusiana and Andree Eka Dinata Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 74-84 Southeast Asia English Suyamto DA, van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B and Eka Dinata A. 2006. Way Tenong and Sidrap: Tree Planting and Poverty Alleviation, Indonesia. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 74-84. L 1507 BC 233 BC0233-06 Singkarak: Combining Environmental Service Markets for Carbon and Watershed Functions? Beria Leimona, Rizaldi Boer, Bustanul Arifin, Daniel Murdiyarso and Meine van Noordwijk Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 60-73 Southeast Asia English Leimona B, Boer R, Arifin B, Murdiyarso D and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Singkarak: Combining Environmental Service Markets for Carbon and Watershed Functions?. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 60-73. L 1506 BC 232 BC0232-06 Laguna Lake Basin and Sierra Madre Community Forests, the Philippines Rodel D Lasco and Florencia B Pulhin Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 51-59 Philippines English Lasco RD and Pulhin FB. 2006. Laguna Lake Basin and Sierra Madre Community Forests, the Philippines. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 51-59. L 1505 BC 231 BC0231-06 The Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, the Philippines Grace B.Villamor and Rodel D Lasco Daniel Murdiyarso and Margaret Skutsch 2006 Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case Studies Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 43-50 Philippines English Villamor GB and Lasco RD. 2006. The Ikalahan Ancestral Domain, the Philippines. In: Murdiyarso D and Skutsch M,eds. Community Forest Management as a Carbon Mitigation Option: Case Studies. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 43-50. L 1504 TD 137 TD0137-06 Farmers? Adaptation to Rural Development Policy Under Theun-Hinboun Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Sobngouang Village, Khamkeuth District, Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR Saipim Channuan 2006 Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai, Thailand 221 Sustainable Land Use and Natural Resource Management- Chiang Mai University Master of Science The Document in Thai Thailand Thai Channuan S. 2006. Farmers’ Adaptation to Rural Development Policy Under Theun-Hinboun Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Sobngouang Village, Khamkeuth District, Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR. Chiang Mai, Thailand. : Chiang Mai University. 221 p. 1503 PP 202 PP0202-06 Dudukuhan tree farming systems in West Java: How to mobilize the self-interest of smallholder farmers? Gerhard Manurung, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono and Joel Tukan 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 17 Southeast Asia English Gerhard Manurung G, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S and Tukan J. 2006. Dudukuhan tree farming systems in West Java: How to mobilize the self-interest of smallholder farmers?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1502 JA 243 JA0243-06 Germplasm exchange among farmer groups: a way to improve the genetic quality and market chain Fransiskus Harum 2005 APANews FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP) No. 27 4-6 Southeast Asia English Harum F. 2005. Germplasm exchange among farmer groups: a way to improve the genetic quality and market chain. APANews. (No. 27):P. 4-6. T 1501 JA 242 JA0242-06 Community fire use, resource change, and livelihood impacts: The downward spiral in the wetlands of southern Sumatra Unna Chokkalingam, S. Suyanto, Rizki Pandu Permana, Iwan Kurniawan, Josni Mannes, Andy Darmawan, Noviana Khususiyah and Robiyanto Hendro Susanto 2006 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. Springer-Verlag vol. 12 10.1007/s11027-006-9038-5 Fire is an important community wetland management tool in Indonesia, but its increasing use in the wetlands of southern Sumatra is degrading the landscape and diminishing household incomes and livelihood options. We studied evolving community land and fire use, resource and livelihood impacts on two sites of roughly 250 km2 each using satellite image analysis and biological and socio-economic surveys. Uncontrolled fire use expanded over time in relation to sonor or swamp rice cultivation, logging, fishing, grazing, and annual cropping on drained wetlands. As a result, most of the landscape has been subject to repeated fires of varying intensities, more extensive in El Ni�o years. Direct burning by companies played a smaller transitory role in fire ignition over the two decades. But company activities and other large-scale developments contributed to expanding community fire-based land use by bringing in more people, improving access to remote wetlands or making them more flammable. Widespread, repeated fires have transformed the landscape from mature high swamp forests to uniform stands of fire-resistant Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) forests and thickets, open savannas and grasslands. These new types of land cover are also degrading. Local communities have rapidly adapted to the changing resources and new opportunities. Logging and fishing declined in importance, and sonor and harvesting of Gelam expanded. But resource depletion has led to falling incomes and fewer livelihood options. The impacts extend beyond local areas as workers migrate into neighbouring forests to extract resources. Large-scale developments, community fire-based management practices and landscape transformation are spreading from accessible to formerly more remote wetlands. Community fire management, Livelihoods, Melaleuca cajuputi, sonor, Sumatra, Swamps, Wetlands Southeast Asia English Full text]]> G 1500 JA 241 JA0241-06 Underlying cause of fire: Different form of land tenure conflicts in Sumatra S. Suyanto 2006 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Springer-Verlag vol. 12:67-74 DOI 10.1007/s11027-006-9039-4 One of the social phenomena that have arisen in Indonesia in the post-Reformasi period (mid-1998) is the increase in land tenure conflicts between local communities and tree plantation companies, and between local communities and the forestry department. Land tenure conflicts often trigger forest and land fires, which is both a symptom and a cause of increasing conflict over tenure and use rights. If the tenure issue is not appropriately addressed, it will continue to result in unwanted fires and forest degradation, related smoke and gas emissions, and environmental and economic losses. A recent study in Sumatra revealed that, in many cases, (1) tenure conflicts between companies and communities, resulting from past government policies and practices, often trigger forest and land fires because of frustrations by the communities of being unable to have their claims heard in a fair and transparent judicial system; and (2) even with the use of military force, forest policy and management has largely failed to protect forest resources when local communities were not involved. The nature of the partnership between communities and companies in land use development is also an important factor in influencing the incidence and control of fire. Forest and land fire, Land allocation, Sumatra, Tenure conflicts, Use right Southeast Asia English http://www.springerlink.com/content/unm178w14j7150x0/]]> G 1499 MA 19 MA0019-06 Wanatani berbasis karet, layakkah? Ratna Akiefnawati, Gede Wibawa, Laxman Joshi and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 Alam Sumatera Edisi 1/Tahun V (Januari-Juni) 27-29 Southeast Asia Indonesian F 1498 MA 18 MA0018-06 Kebun karet campur, mengapa tidak? Jasnari, Damsir Caniago, Hendrie S., Dt. Rky Endah and Endri Martini 2006 Alam Sumatera Edisi 1/Tahun V (Januari-Juni) 20-23 Southeast Asia Indonesian F 1497 MA 17 MA0017-06 Konservasi di lahan pertanian, sebuah peluang: Dari diskusi kontekstual konservasi segregasi dan integrasi Meine van Noordwijk and Susilo Adi Kuncoro 2006 Alam Sumatera Edisi 1/Tahun V (Januari-Juni) 24-26 Southeast Asia Indonesian F 1496 BK 105 BK0105-06 Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Context of Environmental Service Rewards Susilo Adi Kuncoro, Meine van Noordwijk, Endri Martini, Pornwilai Saipothong, Veronika Areskoug, Andree Eka Dinata and Trudy O'Connor 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 106 979-3198-31-1 Southeast Asia English Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA) is not a technical biodiversity appraisal. A standardized way to appraise ‘diversity’ is a contradiction in terminis – it is likely to miss out on unique dimensions. The method is intended to be an iterative, stepwise approach, suggesting that the user can update new information and modify the approach to suit localities. If a first screening suggests that there is little opportunity for successful negotiations of ‘rewards for biodiversity conservation’ the process can stop there. If the first indication is positive, a more detailed assessment can clarify the strength of the case or reveal the pitfalls that have to be avoided. RABA is set up to be the equivalent of the Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) and the Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal (RaCSA). 0 Kuncoro SA, van Noordwijk M, Martini E, Saipothong P, Areskoug V, Eka Dinata A and O'Connor T. 2006. Rapid Agrobiodiversity Appraisal (RABA) in the Context of Environmental Service Rewards. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 106 p. G 1495 BC 230 BC0230-06 Muddy rivers - lack of trees? Muddy rivers: synthesis 2 Meine van Noordwijk, Bruno Verbist and Kurniatun Hairiah 2006 The difference a tree can make World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 4 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Verbist B and Hairiah K. 2006. Muddy rivers - lack of trees? Muddy rivers: synthesis 2. The difference a tree can make. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. 4p. L 1494 RP 128 RP0128-06 Land, trees, and women evolution of land tenure institutions in Western Ghana and Sumatra Agnes R. Quisumbing, Keijiro Otsuka, S. Suyanto, J. B. Aidoo and E. Payongayong 2001 IFPRI Washington, DC IFPRI Research Report 121 90 natural resource management, agroforestry, gender and development, food policy, rural development, and property law/property rights. Southeast Asia English Quisumbing AR, Otsuka K, Suyanto S, Aidoo JB and Payongayong E. Land, trees, and women evolution of land tenure institutions in Western Ghana and Sumatra. Washington, DC. : IFPRI. 2001. 90 p. G 1493 JA 37 JA0037-04 Tolerance to acid soil conditions of the velvet beans Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and M. deeringiana I. Root development Kurniatun Hairiah, Meine van Noordwijk and Slamet Setijono 1991 Plant-soil interaction at low Ph Kluwer Academic Publishers 227-237 Southeast Asia English Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and M. deeringiana I. Root development. Plant-soil interaction at low Ph. : P. 227-237.]]> L 1492 BC 21 BC0021-04 Agro-forest: Incorporating a forest vision in agroforestry Genevieve Michon and Hubert de Foresta Louise E Buck, James P Lassoie and Erick C M Fernandez 1998 Agroforestry in sustainable agricultural systems CRC Press London, UK 381-406 Southeast Asia English Michon G and de Foresta H. 1998. Agro-forest: Incorporating a forest vision in agroforestry. In: Buck LE, Lassoie JP and Fernandez EC,eds. Agroforestry in sustainable agricultural systems. London, UK. :CRC Press. P. 381-406. F 1491 CR 25 CR0025-06 AgroForesTree Database Version 2.0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia CD-ROM Southeast Asia English The database contains detailed information of more than 350 species of fruit trees, timber trees, rattans and bamboo which are commonly used in agroforestry systems in Southeast Asia. It summarizes species taxonomy, botanic description, geographic distribution, habitat characteristics, biophysical limits, products and services, pest and disease, propagation, tree management, growth and development, yield and harvesting, trading and prospect. 0 World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. AgroForesTree Database Version 2.0. [CD-ROM].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1490 WP 77 WP0077-06 Working Together: Forest-linked small and medium enterprise associations and collective action Duncan Macqueen, Sharmistha Bose, Septi Bukula, Cornelius Kazoora, Sharon Ousman, Noemi Porro and Horst Weyerhaeuser 2006 IIED London, UK Gatekeeper Series No. 125 24 China English Macqueen D, Bose S, Bukula S, Kazoora C, Ousman S, Porro N and Weyerhaeuser H. 2006. Working Together: Forest-linked small and medium enterprise associations and collective action. Gatekeeper Series No. 125. London, UK. : IIED. G 1489 TD 136 TD0136-06 Keberdayaan masyarakat nelayan pasca Tsunami di kota Banda Aceh Provinsi Naggroe Aceh Ira Manyamsari 2006 Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 120 Pasca Sarjana Master English Manyamsari I. 2006. Keberdayaan masyarakat nelayan pasca Tsunami di kota Banda Aceh Provinsi Naggroe Aceh. Bogor, Indonesia. : Institut Pertanian Bogor. 120 p. 1488 JA 240 JA0240-06 Financial evaluation of smallholder timber-based agroforestry systems in Claveria, Northern Mindanao, the Philippines Manuel Bertomeu 2006 Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy, World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 5 1 57-82 Financial assessment, Land expectation value, Returns to labour, Tree farming, Tree intercropping Philippines English Bertomeu M. 2006. Financial evaluation of smallholder timber-based agroforestry systems in Claveria, Northern Mindanao, the Philippines. Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy,. 5(1):P. 57-82. T 1487 JA 239 JA0239-06 Planting trees on farms in Southwest China: Enhancing rural economies and the environment Horst Weyerhaeuser and Fredrich Kahrl 2006 Mountain Research Development International Mount Society and United Nations University 26 3 (August) 205-208 China English Weyerhaeuser H and Kahrl F. 2006. Planting trees on farms in Southwest China: Enhancing rural economies and the environment. Mountain Research Development. 26(3 (August)):P. 205-208. F 1486 JA 238 JA0238-06 Improving adoptability of farm forestry in the Philippine uplands: a linear programming model Manuel Bertomeu, Manuel Bertomeu and J.C. Gimenez 2006 Agroforestry Systems Springer-Verlag 68 1 81-91 In the Philippines, smallholder farmers have become major timber producers. But the systems of timber production practiced have several limitations. In intercropping systems, the practice of severe branch and/or root pruning reduces tree-crop competition and increases annual crop yields, but is detrimental to tree growth and incompatible with commercial timber production. In even-aged woodlots, lack of regular income and poor tree growth, resulting from farmers? reluctance to thin their plantations, are major constraints to adoption and profitable tree farming. In the municipality of Claveria, Misamis Oriental, the recent practice of planting trees on widely spaced (6?8 m) contour grass strips established for soil conservation suggests ways to improve the adoptability (i.e., profitability, feasibility and acceptability) of timber-based agroforestry systems. Assuming that financial benefits are the main objective of timber tree farmers, we develop a simple linear programming (LP) model for the optimal allocation of land to monocropping and tree intercropping that maximizes the net present value of an infinite number of rotations and satisfies farmers? resource constraints and regular income requirements. The application of the LP model to an average farmer in Claveria showed that cumulative additions of widely spaced tree hedgerows provides higher returns to land, and reduce the risk of agroforestry adoption by spreading over the years labour and capital investment costs and the economic benefits accruing to farmers from trees. Therefore, incremental planting of widely spaced tree hedgerows can make farm forestry more adoptable and thus benefit a larger number of resource-constrained farmers in their evolution towards more diverse and productive agroforestry systems. Adoption, Farm forestry, Linear programming, Timber trees, Tree farming, Tree hedgerow Philippines English Bertomeu M, Bertomeu M and Gimenez J. 2006. Improving adoptability of farm forestry in the Philippine uplands: a linear programming model. Agroforestry Systems. 68(1):P. 81-91. T 1485 PP 201 PP0201-06 Memahami konflik tenurial melalui pendekatan sejarah: Studi kasus di Lebak, Banten Gamma Galudra 2006 Working Group on Forest Land Tenure (WG Tenure) Bogor, Indonesia 9 Southeast Asia Indonesian http://www.wg-tenure.org/html/fldwnld/GammaGaludraWT02.pdf]]> G 1484 BC 229 BC0229-06 Institutional collaboration in agroforestry: Networking and knowledge management Per Rudebjer, Nguyen van So and John R.S. Kaboggoza Dennis P Garrity, Antonia Okono, Michelle Grayson and Sue Parrott 2006 World Agroforestry into the Future World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 141-146 Networking, research–extension–education links, agroforestry landscapes, training needs assessment, educational changeresults. Thailand English Rudebjer P, van So N and Kaboggoza JR. 2006. Institutional collaboration in agroforestry: Networking and knowledge management. In: Garrity DP, Okono A, Grayson M and Parrott S,eds. World Agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 141-146. G 1483 BC 228 BC0228-06 Scaling up the impact of agroforestry: Lessons from three sites in Africa and Asia Steve Franzel, G.L Denning, J-P. Lillesø-Barnekow and Agustin R Mercado Dennis P Garrity, Antonia Okono, Michelle Grayson and Sue Parrott 2006 World Agroforestry into the Future World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 61-70 Extension, farmer-centred research, fodder shrubs, landcare, natural vegetative strips, tree fallows Philippines English Franzel S, Denning G, Lillesø-Barnekow J and Mercado A. 2006. Scaling up the impact of agroforestry: Lessons from three sites in Africa and Asia. In: Garrity DP, Okono A, Grayson M and Parrott S,eds. World Agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 61-70. F 1482 BC 227 BC0227-06 Watershed functions in productive agricultural landscapes with trees Meine van Noordwijk, Farida, Pornwilai Saipothong, Fahmudin Agus, Kurniatun Hairiah, Didik Suprayogo and Bruno Verbist Dennis P Garrity, Antonia Okono, Michelle Grayson and Sue Parrott 2006 World Agroforestry into the Future World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 103-112 Agroforestry, buffering water flow, coffee, criteria and indicators,litter layer, macroporosity, protective garden, soil bulk density, soil structure, watershed functions Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Farida , Saipothong P, Agus F, Hairiah K, Suprayogo D and Verbist B. 2006. Watershed functions in productive agricultural landscapes with trees. In: Garrity DP, Okono A, Grayson M and Parrott S,eds. World Agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 103-112. L 1481 BC 226 BC0226-06 Opportunities for linking climate change adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry systems Serigne T. Kandji, Louis V. Verchot, Jens Mackensen, Anja Boye, Meine van Noordwijk, Thomas P Tomich, Chin K Ong, Alain Albrecht and Cheryl A Palm Dennis P Garrity, Antonia Okono, Michelle Grayson and Sue Parrott 2006 World Agroforestry into the Future World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 113-121 Agroforestry, vulnerability, agricultural research, tropical agriculture, rural development Southeast Asia English Kandji ST, Verchot LV, Mackensen J, Boye A, van Noordwijk M, Tomich TP, Ong CK, Albrecht A and Palm CA. 2006. Opportunities for linking climate change adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry systems. In: Garrity DP, Okono A, Grayson M and Parrott S,eds. World Agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 113-121. L 1480 BC 225 BC0225-06 Agroforestry and environmental governance Brent Swallow, Diane Russell and Chip C Fay Dennis P Garrity, Antonia Okono, Michelle Grayson and Sue Parrott 2006 World Agroforestry into the Future World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF Nairobi, Kenya 85-94 Southeast Asia English Swallow BM, Russell D and Fay CC. 2006. Agroforestry and environmental governance. In: Garrity DP, Okono A, Grayson M and Parrott S,eds. World Agroforestry into the Future. Nairobi, Kenya. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF. P. 85-94. G 1479 PP 200 PP0200-06 Rehabilitasi sistem pertanian sepanjang wilayah pesisir barat Aceh: Mendukung persemaian bibit unggul ICRAF 2006 Lokakarya Internasional: Inovasi peternakan dalam program rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi wilayah korban Tsunami. Bogor, 14 September 2005 Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Bogor, Indonesia 10 Southeast Asia Indonesian ICRAF. 2006. Rehabilitasi sistem pertanian sepanjang wilayah pesisir barat Aceh: Mendukung persemaian bibit unggul. Lokakarya Internasional: Inovasi peternakan dalam program rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi wilayah korban Tsunami. Bogor, 14 September 2005. Bogor, Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan. L 1478 TD 135 TD0135-06 Identifikasi kerusakan lahan dan pendapat masyarakat terhadap rencana rehabilitasi lahan pertanian pasca Tsunami Asnawi Achmad 2006 Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 73 Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Master Indonesian Achmad A. 2006. Identifikasi kerusakan lahan dan pendapat masyarakat terhadap rencana rehabilitasi lahan pertanian pasca Tsunami. Bogor, Indonesia. : Institut Pertanian Bogor. 73 p. 1477 TD 134 TD0134-06 Pola asuh status gizi dan perkembangan sosial anak balita korban gempa dan Tsunami di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Fitriana 2006 Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 125 Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga Master Indonesian Fitriana. 2006. Pola asuh status gizi dan perkembangan sosial anak balita korban gempa dan Tsunami di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Bogor, Indonesia. : Institut Pertanian Bogor. 125 p. L 1476 TD 133 TD0133-06 Social networks in natural resource governance in a multi-ethnic watershed of Northern Thailand Nathan Augustus Badenoch 2006 Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan 232 Doctoral Thailand English Badenoch NA. 2006. Social networks in natural resource governance in a multi-ethnic watershed of Northern Thailand. Kyoto, Japan. : Kyoto University. 232 p. G 1475 BC 224 BC0224-06 Pengakuan dan pemberian imbalan bagi penyediaan jasa daerah aliran Fiona Chandler and S. Suyanto Fahmudin Agus, Meine van Noordwijk and Subekti Rahayu 2005 Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 69-91 Southeast Asia Indonesian Chandler F and Suyanto S. 2005. Pengakuan dan pemberian imbalan bagi penyediaan jasa daerah aliran. In: Agus F, van Noordwijk M and Rahayu S,eds. Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. P. 69-91. G 1474 BC 223 BC0223-06 Peranan agroforestri dalam mempertahankan fungsi hidrologi Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Meine van Noordwijk, Fahmudin Agus, Didik Suprayogo, Kurniatun Hairiah, Gamal Pasya, Bruno Verbist and Farida Fahmudin Agus, Meine van Noordwijk and Subekti Rahayu 2005 Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 23-38 Southeast Asia Indonesian van Noordwijk M, Agus F, Suprayogo D, Hairiah K, Pasya G, Verbist B and Farida . 2005. Peranan agroforestri dalam mempertahankan fungsi hidrologi Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). In: Agus F, van Noordwijk M and Rahayu S,eds. Dampak hidrologis hutan, agroforestri, dan pertanian lahan kering sebagai dasar pemberian imbalan kepada penghasil jasa lingkungan di Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. P. 23-38. L 1473 BC 222 BC0222-06 Studi kasus dari Marga Bengkunat dan Pekon Sukapura, Kabupaten Lampung Barat Fathullah, Lisken Situmorang, Nurka Cahyaningsih, Ichwanto Nuch and Martua T Sirait 2005 Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi Yayasan Kemala Jakarta, Indonesia 619-629 UPAYA pemerintah Propinsi Lampung untuk mengurangi konflik pertanahan yang ada saat ini dilakukan dengan jalan melepaskan kawasan hutan yang status dan fungsinya yang tidak sesuai lagi dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Agenda ini sejalan dengan agenda Reformasi Kehutanan Propinsi Lampung yang dihasilkan melalui proses diskusi para pihak di tahun 1999 dan ditindaklanjuti dengan pemberian kepastian tanahnya dengan prioritas petani dan masyarakat adat. Studi kasus di Marga Bengkunat (Kecamatan Pesisir Selatan, Kabupaten Lampung Barat) yang didominasi oleh masyarakat adat pesisir dari Marga Bengkunat serta di Pekon Sukapura (Kecamatan Sumberjaya Kabupaten Lampung Barat) yang didominir warga pendatang dari Jawa, diharapkan dapat memberikan pelajaran berharga atas proses-proses pelepasan kawasan hutan beserta pemberian haknya. Dengan adanya keadilan agraria dan kepastian hak proses Southeast Asia Indonesian Fathullah, Situmorang L, Cahyaningsih N, Nuch I and Sirait MT. 2005. Studi kasus dari Marga Bengkunat dan Pekon Sukapura, Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Yayasan Kemala. P. 619-629. G 1472 JA 237 JA0237-06 Kebun lindung: Kajian ekologi dan sosio-ekonomi di Lampung Barat R. Yana Buana, S. Suyanto and Kurniatun Hairiah Oktober 2005 AGRIVITA Brawijaya University 27 3 170-181 Southeast Asia Indonesian Buana RY, Suyanto S and Hairiah K. Oktober 2005. Kebun lindung: Kajian ekologi dan sosio-ekonomi di Lampung Barat. AGRIVITA. 27(3):P. 170-181. F 1471 WP 76 WP0076-06 Agro-biodiversity and CGIAR tree and forest science: Approaches and examples from Sumatra Meine van Noordwijk, Jean-Laurent Pfund, Mohammed Bakarr, Louise Jackson, Goetz Schroth, Kurniatun Hairiah and Laxman Joshi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 17 18 Southeast Asia English The Future Harvest agricultural research centres of the consultative group on international agricultural research (CGIAR) interact with (agro)biodiversity in many, if not all of their priorities and sub priorities. We here focus on the research and development activities targeting forests and trees, and use examples from the Sumatra (Indonesia) benchmark to highlight five current initiatives in partnership with research and development agencies: - the global DIVERSITAS Agrobiodiversity workplan and our links with the three main domains in the biodiversity/productivity tradeoff that it recognizes, - the CIFOR-ICRAF Biodiversity Platform that is focused on the conservation + use opportunities in dynamic landscape mosaics, - the Sustainable Management of Below Ground Biodiversity (BGBD) project. - the RUPES (Rewarding Upland Poor for the Environmental Services they provide) program in Southeast Asia, - the CI – ICRAF partnership ‘hot spot alliance’ to enhance conservation landscapes through agroforestry science and technology, Agroforests with rubber or coffee as main exotic tree crop, but abundant presence of the indigenous flora and fauna can provide a biodiversity-friendly alternative to the dominant development paradigm that is still based on monocultural plantations. 0 van Noordwijk M, Pfund J, Bakarr M, Jackson L, Schroth G, Hairiah K and Joshi L. 2006. Agro biodiversity and CGIAR tree and forest science: Approaches and examples from Sumatra. ICRAF Working Paper No. 17Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 18 p. L 1470 WP 75 WP0075-06 Farm and household economic study of Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia : A socio-economic base line study of agroforestry innovations and livelihood enhancement Suseno Budidarsono, Kusuma Wijaya and James M Roshetko 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No.19 45 Southeast Asia English 0 Budidarsono S, Wijaya K and Roshetko JM. 2006. Farm and household economic study of Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia : A socio-economic base line study of agroforestry innovations and livelihood enhancement. ICRAF Working Paper No.19. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 45 p. F 1469 LE 43 LE0043-06 Sistem wanatani berbasis karet: Alternatif bagi karet dan hutan karet Gede Wibawa, Ratna Akiefnawati and Laxman Joshi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Wibawa G, Akiefnawati R and Joshi L. 2006. Sistem wanatani berbasis karet: Alternatif bagi karet dan hutan karet. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1468 LE 42 LE0042-06 Pembangunan kebun bibit karet klonal 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English 2006. Pembangunan kebun bibit karet klonal. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1467 BC 221 BC0221-06 Forestry and local communities of Java in times of and turmoil, 1942-2000 Suseno Budidarsono and Paul Burgers Peter Boomgaard and David Henley 2005 Muddied waters: Historical and contemporary perspective on management of forests and fisheries in island Southeast Asia KITLV Leiden, Netherlands 351-369 Southeast Asia English Budidarsono S and Burgers P. 2005. Forestry and local communities of Java in times of and turmoil, 1942-2000. In: Boomgaard P and Henley D,eds. Muddied waters: Historical and contemporary perspective on management of forests and fisheries in island Southeast Asia. Leiden, Netherlands. : KITLV. P. 351-369. F 1466 BC 220 BC0220-06 Refleksi pengembangan metodologi identifikasi masyarakat adat dan wilayah adat secara partisipatif di kabupaten Kutai Barat, Kalimantan Timur Martua T Sirait, D.B.Bulor, Y. Sofyar, D. Anugrah, R. Rismawan and D.Suyradin 2005 Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi Yayasan Kemala Jakarta, Indonesia 675 – 698 Southeast Asia Indonesian Sirait MT, Bulor D, Sofyar Y, Anugrah D, Rismawan R and Suyradin D. 2005. Refleksi pengembangan metodologi identifikasi masyarakat adat dan wilayah adat secara partisipatif di kabupaten Kutai Barat, Kalimantan Timur. Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Yayasan Kemala. P. 675 – 698. G 1465 BC 219 BC0219-06 Kondisi ketahanan pangan masyarakat dalam cengkeraman bebijakan tata ruang dan penetapan kawasan Halimun: Studi kasus desa Mekarsari (Lebak) dan desa Malasari (Bogor) Gamma Galudra, Nia Ramdhaniaty, F Soenarto, B. Nurzaman and Martua T Sirait 2005 Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi Yayasan Kemala Jakarta, Indonesia 653 – 674 Southeast Asia Indonesian Galudra G, Ramdhaniaty N, Soenarto , Nurzaman B and Sirait MT. 2005. Kondisi ketahanan pangan masyarakat dalam cengkeraman bebijakan tata ruang dan penetapan kawasan Halimun: Studi kasus desa Mekarsari (Lebak) dan desa Malasari (Bogor). Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Yayasan Kemala. P. 653 – 674. G 1464 BC 218 BC0218-06 Mempertanyakan sistem ganda kewenangan atas penguasaan tanah Chip C Fay and Martua T Sirait 2005 Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi Yayasan Kemala Jakarta, Indonesia 713 – 723 Southeast Asia Indonesian Fay CC and Sirait MT. 2005. Mempertanyakan sistem ganda kewenangan atas penguasaan tanah. Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Yayasan Kemala. P. 713 – 723. G 1463 BC 217 BC0217-06 Perubahan status kawasan hutan guna menjawab permasalahan kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan: Studi kasus dari marga Bengkunat dan pekon Sukapura, Kabupaten Lampung Barat Fathullah, Lisken Situmorang, Nurka Cahyaningsih, Ichwanto Nuch and Martua T Sirait 2005 Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi Yayasan Kemala Jakarta, Indonesia 619 – 630 Southeast Asia Indonesian Fathullah, Situmorang L, Cahyaningsih N, Nuch I and Sirait MT. 2005. Perubahan status kawasan hutan guna menjawab permasalahan kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan: Studi kasus dari marga Bengkunat dan pekon Sukapura, Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Yayasan Kemala. P. 619 – 630. G 1462 JA 236 JA0236-06 Global biodiversity conservation priorities T.M. Brooks, R.A. Mittermeier, G.A.B.de Fonseca, J.Gerlach, M.Hoffmann, J.F.Lamoreux, C.G.Mittermeier, J.D.Pilgrim and A.S.L.Rodriguez 2006 Science 313 7 July 58-61 Philippines English Brooks T, Mittermeier R, de Fonseca G, Gerlach J, Hoffmann M, Lamoreux J, Mittermeier C, Pilgrim J and Rodriguez A. 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science. 313(7 July):P. 58-61. L 1461 BC 216 BC0216-06 Historical overview Juan M. Pulhin, Unna Chokkalingam, Rose Jane J. Peras, Romeo T. Acosta, Antonio P. Carandang, Mayumi Q. Natividad and Rodel D Lasco Unna Chokkalingam, Antonio P. Carandang, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D Lasco, Rose Jane J. Peras and Takeshi Toma 2006 One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 6-41 Philippines English Pulhin JM, Chokkalingam U, Peras RJ, Acosta RT, Carandang AP, Natividad MQ and Lasco RD. 2006. Historical overview. In: Chokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJ and Toma T,eds. One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 6-41. L 1460 BC 215 BC0215-06 Bottlenecks and recommended actions: stakeholder perspectives from Regions III, VII and XI Rodel D Lasco, Antonio P. Carandang, Unna Chokkalingam, Ramon A. Razal, Romeo T. Acosta, Mayumi Q. Natividad and Rose Jane J. Peras Unna Chokkalingam, Antonio P. Carandang, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D Lasco, Rose Jane J. Peras and Takeshi Toma 2006 One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 107-121 Philippines English Lasco RD, Carandang AP, Chokkalingam U, Razal RA, Acosta RT, Natividad MQ and Peras RJ. 2006. Bottlenecks and recommended actions: stakeholder perspectives from Regions III, VII and XI. In: Chokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJ and Toma T,eds. One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 107-121. L 1459 BC 214 BC0214-06 Outcomes and sustainability: lessons from the ground Unna Chokkalingam, Juan M. Pulhin, Antonio P. Carandang, Rose Jane J. Peras and M.Q. Natividad Unna Chokkalingam, Antonio P. Carandang, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D Lasco, Rose Jane J. Peras and Takeshi Toma 2006 One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 42-106 Philippines English Chokkalingam U, Pulhin JM, Carandang AP, Peras RJ and Natividad M. 2006. Outcomes and sustainability: lessons from the ground. In: Chokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJ and Toma T,eds. One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 42-106. L 1458 BC 213 BC0213-06 Conclusions and recommendations Unna Chokkalingam, Juan M. Pulhin, Antonio P. Carandang and Rodel D Lasco Unna Chokkalingam, Antonio P. Carandang, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D Lasco, Rose Jane J. Peras and Takeshi Toma 2006 One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 122-132. Philippines English Chokkalingam U, Pulhin JM, Carandang AP and Lasco RD. 2006. Conclusions and recommendations. In: Chokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJ and Toma T,eds. One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). P. 122-132.. L 1457 BK 104 BK0104-06 One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines. Approaches, outcomes and lessons Unna Chokkalingam, Antonio P. Carandang, Juan M. Pulhin, Rodel D Lasco, Rose Jane J. Peras and Takeshi Toma 2006 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 145 Philippines English 0 Chokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJ and Toma T. 2006. One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines. Approaches, outcomes and lessons. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 145 p. L 1456 WP 74 WP0074-06 Equipping integrated natural resource managers for healthy agroforestry landscapes Meine van Noordwijk 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 15 22 Southeast Asia English 0 van Noordwijk M. 2006. Equipping integrated natural resource managers for healthy agroforestry landscapes. ICRAF Working Paper No. 15Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 22 p. L 1455 PP 199 PP0199-06 The Unfinished debate: Socio-legal and science discourses on forest land-use and tenure policy in 20th Century Indonesia Gamma Galudra and Martua T Sirait 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 7 In recent years, policy research in Indonesia has questioned the mandate of the state to control and manage the forest. This question developed following several conflicts and disputes over forest land reported during the reformation period in 1998. Many authors argue that the present uncertainty in state forest management and control goes back to an unfinished debate during the Dutch Colonial Period. In Java, state forest areas today cover 24.26% of land or 3,009,779 hectares, consisting of forest production, forest protection and forest reserves. This is almost equal in size with the 3,057,200 ha of Java?s land designated as state forest by the Dutch colonial administration in 1946. This ongoing application of these past designations brings us to question the arguments and justifications behind the Dutch Colonial Government?s decisions. This paper explores the scientific discourse on the issue of forest land-use and its implications for land tenure policy during the colonial period and current policy framework of forest tenure. Paper to be presented to the 11th Biennial Congress of the International Association for the Study of Common Property,Bali, Indonesia, 19-23 June 2006. Southeast Asia English http://www.iascp.org/bali/papers/Galudra_Gamma.pdf]]> G 1454 BK 103 BK0103-06 Memperkokoh pengelolaan hutan Indonesia melalui pembaruan penguasaan tanah: Permasalahan dan kerangka tindakan Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla and Chip C Fay 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 123 979-3198-30-3 Southeast Asia For Sale English 0 Contreras-Hermosilla A and Fay CC. 2006. Memperkokoh pengelolaan hutan Indonesia melalui pembaruan penguasaan tanah: Permasalahan dan kerangka tindakan. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 123 p. G 1453 RP 127 RP0127-06 Workshop to Launch the CIFOR and ICRAF Biodiversity Platform 2nd ? 5th March 2006: CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor and Happy Valley (GG House), Ciawi, Bogor, Indonesia Jean-Laurent Pfund, Jean-Marc Boffa, Piia Koponen and Trudy O'Connor 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Pfund J, Boffa J, Koponen P and O'Connor T. Workshop to Launch the CIFOR and ICRAF Biodiversity Platform 2nd – 5th March 2006: CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor and Happy Valley (GG House), Ciawi, Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. L 1452 RP 126 RP0126-06 Forest and agroecosystem tradeoffs in the humid tropics. A crosscutting assessment by the Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn consortium (ASB) Conducted as a sub-global component of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Thomas P Tomich, Cheryl A Palm, Sandra J.Velarde, H.J.Geist, Andrew N. Gillison, Louis Lebel, Marilia Lotacelli, William Mala, Meine van Noordwijk, Kate Sebastian, Dagmar Timmer and Douglas White 2005 Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn (ASB) Nairobi, Kenya 163 Southeast Asia English 0 Tomich TP, Palm CA, Velarde SJ, Geist H, Gillison AN, Lebel L, Lotacelli M, Mala W, van Noordwijk M, Sebastian K, Timmer D and White D. Forest and agroecosystem tradeoffs in the humid tropics. A crosscutting assessment by the Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn consortium (ASB) conducted as a sub-global component of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Nairobi, Kenya. : Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn (ASB). 2005. 163 p. L 1451 RP 125 RP0125-06 ICRAF Collaboration in Lao-IRRI Phase 5/IUARP: July 2003 to December 2005 Chun K Lai 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Los Banos, Philippines 5 Philippines English Lai CK. ICRAF Collaboration in Lao-IRRI Phase 5/IUARP: July 2003 to December 2005. Los Banos, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 5 p. G 1450 PP 198 PP0198-06 Challenges and opportunities in managing Philippine watersheds: The case of Manupali watershed in the southern Philippines Delia Catacutan and Caroline E.Duque 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Malaybay City, Bukidnon Paper presented to the Conference on Watershed Management in the Philippines, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial University, La Union, Philippines, 16-18 May 2006. Philippines English Catacutan D and Duque CE. 2006. Challenges and opportunities in managing Philippine watersheds: The case of Manupali watershed in the southern Philippines. Malaybay City, Bukidnon. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1449 TD 107 TD0107-05 Exploring local ecological knowledge of soil and plant interactions in homegardens in East Java, Indonesia Asa Dahlgren 2003 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden 74 Agricultural Sciences Local Ecological Knowledge, Indonesia, Soil, Below-ground interactions Minor Field Studies No. 256 Southeast Asia English Dahlgren A. 2003. Exploring local ecological knowledge of soil and plant interactions in homegardens in East Java, Indonesia. Uppsala, Sweden. : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 74 p. 1448 BR 17 BR0017-06 Orangutan Sumatra: Siapa dia? 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Sibolga Project Southeast Asia Indonesian 2006. Orangutan Sumatra: Siapa dia?. [Brochure].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1447 BR 16 BR0016-06 Sumatran Orangutan: Who is he? 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Sibolga Project Southeast Asia English 2006. Sumatran Orangutan: Who is he?. [Brochure].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1446 TD 132 TD0132-06 Pemetaan struktur persepsi stakeholders terhadap prioritas penanganan permasalahan di propinsi Naggroe Aceh Darussalam Ramzi 2006 Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor, Indonesia 131 Pasca Sarjana Southeast Asia Indonesian Ramzi. 2006. Pemetaan struktur persepsi stakeholders terhadap prioritas penanganan permasalahan di propinsi Naggroe Aceh Darussalam. Bogor, Indonesia. : Institut Pertanian Bogor. 131 p. 1445 TD 131 TD0131-06 Kondisi fisik lingkungan dan kimia tanah pada zonasi mangrove areal rehabilitasi akibat Tsunami daerah pesisir Lam Nga, Aceh Besar Nuraini 2006 Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh 73 Program Pasca Sarjana Southeast Asia Indonesian Nuraini. 2006. Kondisi fisik lingkungan dan kimia tanah pada zonasi mangrove areal rehabilitasi akibat Tsunami daerah pesisir Lam Nga, Aceh Besar. Darussalam, Banda Aceh. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 73 p. L 1444 BK 102 BK0102-06 Karakteristik pengelolaan hutan berbasiskan masyarakat Didik Suharjito, Azis Khan, Wibowo A.Djatmiko, Martua T Sirait and Santi Evelyna 1999 Forum Komunikasi Kehutanan Masyarakat (FKKM) Jakarta, Indonesia 75 Southeast Asia Indonesian Suharjito D, Khan A, Djatmiko WA, Sirait MT and Evelyna S. 1999. Karakteristik pengelolaan hutan berbasiskan masyarakat. Jakarta, Indonesia. : Forum Komunikasi Kehutanan Masyarakat (FKKM). 75 p. G 1443 BC 212 BC0212-06 Strengthening tree farming activities to reduce pressure on natural forests and support sustainable timber production Mulawarman and James M Roshetko Bart A.Thielges, Setijati D.Sastrapradja and Anto Rimbawanto 2001 In situ and Ex situ conservation of commercial tropical trees Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University and International Tropical Timber Organization Yogyakarta, Indonesia 451-458 Southeast Asia English Mulawarman and Roshetko JM. 2001. Strengthening tree farming activities to reduce pressure on natural forests and support sustainable timber production. In: Thielges BA, Sastrapradja SD and Rimbawanto A,eds. In situ and Ex situ conservation of commercial tropical trees. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. : Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, International Tropical Timber Organization. P. 451-458. T 1442 BC 211 BC0211-06 Agricultural intensification deforestation and the environment: Assessing tradeoffs in Sumatra, Indonesia Thomas P Tomich, Meine van Noordwijk, Suseno Budidarsono, Andy Gillison, Trikurnianti Kusumanto, Daniel Murdiyarso, Fred Stolle and Achmad M Fagi D R Lee and C B Barrett 2001 Tradeoffs or synergies agricultural intensification, economic development and the environment CAB-International Wallingford, UK 221-244 Southeast Asia English Tomich TP, van Noordwijk M, Budidarsono S, Gillison A, Kusumanto T, Murdiyarso D, Stolle F and Fagi AM. 2001. Agricultural intensification deforestation and the environment: Assessing tradeoffs in Sumatra, Indonesia. In: Lee DR and Barrett CB,eds. Tradeoffs or synergies agricultural intensification, economic development and the environment. Wallingford, UK. : CAB-International. P. 221-244. F 1441 JA 235 JA0235-06 Ensuring a future for collective forestry in China?s southwest: Adding human and social capital to policy reforms Horst Weyerhaeuser, Fredrich Kahrl and Su Yufang 2006 Forest Policy and Economics Elsevier 8 4 375-385 Worldwide, the potential of smallholder forestry to meet policymakers? economic and environmental objectives is gaining increased recognition. In Southwest China, a significant portion of forests are owned and managed by smallholder, village collectives. Decisions made now will determine whether the potential of collective forestry in Southwest China can be realized, or whether smallholder forests are ultimately consolidated into larger holdings. This analysis traces the history of collective forest management in four villages in northwest Yunnan, highlighting four issues fundamental to unlocking the potential of collective forestry: policy support, forestry approach, village institutions, and multi-scale governance. Policy reforms are necessary but not sufficient as a means to bring improvements in these four areas. Investments in human and social capital?linked to the process of building more formal institutions?are essential beside longer-term institutional change. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Southwest China, Community forestry, Governance, Social capital China English Weyerhaeuser H, Kahrl F and Yufang S. 2006. Ensuring a future for collective forestry in China’s southwest: Adding human and social capital to policy reforms. Forest Policy and Economics. 8(4):P. 375-385. G 1440 BC 210 BC0210-06 Soil carbon dynamics in different cropping systems in principal ecoregions of Asia KF Bronson, Cassman KG, Wassman R, Meine van Noordwijk and Dennis P Garrity 1998 Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil. CRC Press Boca Raton, USA 35-57 Southeast Asia English Bronson KF, Cassman KG, Wassman R, van Noordwijk M and Garrity DP. 1998. Soil carbon dynamics in different cropping systems in principal ecoregions of Asia. Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil.. Boca Raton, USA. : CRC Press. P. 35-57. L 1439 JA 229 JA0229-06 Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions K Paustian, O Andrén, Rattan Lal, P Smith, G Tian, H Tiessen and Meine van Noordwijk 1997 Soil Use Management British Society of Soil Science 13 230-244 Southeast Asia English Paustian K, Andrén O, Lal R, Smith P, Tian G, Tiessen H and van Noordwijk M. 1997. Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions. Soil Use Management. 13: P. 230-244. L 1438 BK 101 BK0101-06 Rapid Hydrological Appraisal in the context of environmental service rewards Kevin Jeanes, Meine van Noordwijk, Laxman Joshi, Atiek Widayati, Farida and Beria Leimona 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 56 979-3198-29-X Southeast Asia English The guidelines presented here allow for a ‘rapid appraisal’ (over a 6-month period) of the hydrological situation and the perceptions of key stakeholders (value, threat and opportunity) to enable an appraisal of the opportunities for negotiating land-use agreements that include rewards for the protection or rehabilitation of watershed functions in the uplands. Examples from a Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) in the Lake Singkarak area, West Sumatra, Indonesia, illustrate the steps. 0 Jeanes K, van Noordwijk M, Joshi L, Widayati A, Farida and Leimona B. 2006. Rapid Hydrological appraisal in the context of environmental service rewards. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 56 p. L 1437 PP 197 PP0197-06 Model as part of agroforestry research design Meine van Noordwijk 1996 IC-SEA Training course on Ecosystem Modelling Tools for the Analysis of Impacts of Global Change on Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests IC-SEA/Biotrop Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 1996. Model as part of agroforestry research design. IC-SEA Training course on Ecosystem Modelling Tools for the Analysis of Impacts of Global Change on Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests. Bogor, Indonesia. IC-SEA/Biotrop. L 1436 PP 196 PP0196-06 Sandalwood as a component of agroforestry: exploration of parasitism and competition with the WaNuLCAS model Meine van Noordwijk, Albertus Husein Wawo, Betha Lusiana and James M Roshetko 2000 Proceedings of seminar Kajian Terhadap Cendana (Santalum album, L.) Sebagai Komoditi Utama Perekonomian Propinsi NTT Menuju Otonomisasi, Jakarta 26 June 2000 Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Jakarta, Indonesia 179-190 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Wawo AH, Lusiana B and Roshetko JM. 2000. Sandalwood as a component of agroforestry: exploration of parasitism and competition with the WaNuLCAS model. Proceedings of seminar Kajian Terhadap Cendana (Santalum album, L.) Sebagai Komoditi Utama Perekonomian Propinsi NTT Menuju Otonomisasi, Jakarta 26 June 2000. Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI). L 1435 RP 124 RP0124-06 Landscape and (sub) catchment scale modeling of effects of forest conversion on watershed functions and biodiversity in Southeast Asia Meine van Noordwijk, M. Richey and David E Thomas 2003 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ASB BNPP Activity 2 Technical Report 238 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Richey M and Thomas DE. Landscape and (sub) catchment scale modeling of effects of forest conversion on watershed functions and biodiversity in Southeast Asia. ASB BNPP Activity 2 Technical ReportBogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2003. 238 p. L 1434 JA 234 JA0234-06 Market chain improvement: Linking farmers to markets in Nanggung, West Java, Indonesia Joel Tukan, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono and Gerhard Manurung 2005 ISHS Acta Horticulturae 699: I International Symposium on Improving the Performance of Supply Chains in the Transitional Economies World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office 699 Farmers in Nanggung subdistrict live on or below the poverty line with access to less than 1 hectare of land, consisting of irrigated rice fields (0.3 ha) and upland tree gardens (0.5 ha). Gardens are found on steep slopes and include a large number of horticultural fruit/vegetable species, as well as timber and commodity species (coffee, rubber and cloves). Traditionally, production from tree gardens is intended primarily for household consumption with some sales to local markets. Management is not intensive, the use agricultural inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, quality germplasm) is infrequent, and labor is mainly focused on harvesting. Smallholders and agricultural/forestry professionals agree that tree gardens in Nanggung hold great market potential. Proximity to Jakarta and its infrastructure offer Nanggung farmers an opportunity to produce fresh fruit and vegetables for lucrative urban and international markets. Fruit and vegetables with a high demand include banana, durian, mangosteen, rambutan, petai, jackfruit, chili peppers, tomatoes, sweet corn, peanuts, green beans and chickpeas. Banana particularly has much potential for it is the most common and profitable tree garden crop in Nanggung. Market demand far exceeds supply. No significant banana diseases are present in Nanggung and production has not yet been intensified. In Nanggung, bananas produce fruit 12 months after planting and then every 4-6 months thereafter. Farmers are interested in intensifying their tree farming activities, but hesitate because they are not sure where to focus their efforts. We report here on our work to assist Nanggung farmers improve their management skills to enhance both the quantity and quality of the products and strengthen their ability to respond to market opportunities agroforestry, tree gardens, deliberate management, market channel, banana, farmer income, poverty reduction Southeast Asia English Tukan J, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S and Gerhard Manurung G. 2005. Market chain improvement: Linking farmers to markets in Nanggung, West Java, Indonesia. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 699: I International Symposium on Improving the Performance of Supply Chains in the Transitional Economies. 699: P. . T 1433 PP 195 PP0195-06 Impact of rubber tree planting pattern on Imperata cylindrica dynamics - Exploring weed control through shading using SExI-FS, a forest stand simulator Degi Harja, Gregoire Vincent, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Subekti Rahayu and Laxman Joshi 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia English Harja D, Vincent G, Purnomosidhi P, Rahayu S and Joshi L. 2005. Impact of rubber tree planting pattern on Imperata cylindrica dynamics - Exploring weed control through shading using SExI-FS, a forest stand simulator. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1432 PP 194 PP0194-06 Banana market chain improvement?enhance farmers? market linkages in West Java, Indonesia Joel Tukan, James M Roshetko, Suseno Budidarsono and Gerhard Manurung 2006 Bogor, Indonesia Farmers in Nanggung subdistrict live on or below the poverty line with access to less then 1 hectare of land, consisting of irrigated rice fields (0.3 ha) and upland tree gardens (0.5 ha). Traditionally, tree gardens products are intended for household consumption with some sales in local markets. Management is not intensive, the use agricultural inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, quality germplasm) is infrequent, and labor is focused on harvesting. Proximity to Jakarta and its infrastructure offer Nanggung farmers opportunity to target production to meet raising demand for fruit and vegetable products in lucrative urban and international markets. Fruit and vegetable products with a high demand include: banana, durian, mangosteen, rambutan, petai, jackfruit, chili peppers, tomatoes, sweet corn, peanuts, green beans and chickpeas. Banana holds particularly high potential, being the most common and profitable tree garden crop in Nanggung. Market demand far exceeds supply. Under Nanggung conditions bananas will produce fruit 12 months after establishment and then every 4-6 months thereafter. However, the quality of garden products is inconsistent and often inferior. Farmers have limited market knowledge and linkages. Farmers are interested in intensifying their tree farming activities, but hesitate because they are not sure where to focus their efforts. We report here ongoing work to assist Nanggung farmers improve their tree garden management to enhance both the quantity and quality of the products and strengthen their ability to respond to market opportunities. Banana is used as an example of how to achieve success. agroforestry, tree gardens, deliberate management, market channel, banana, farmer income, poverty reduction Southeast Asia English Tukan J, Roshetko JM, Budidarsono S and Gerhard Manurung G. 2006. Banana market chain improvement–enhance farmers’ market linkages in West Java, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. T 1431 TD 130 TD0130-06 Prospek pengembangan ekowisata pasca tsunami di taman hutan raya Pocut Meurah Intan provinsi Naggroe Aceh Darussalam M.Daud 2006 IPB Bogor, Indonesia 117 Program Pasca Sarjana Master Program Southeast Asia Indonesian Daud M. 2006. Prospek pengembangan ekowisata pasca tsunami di taman hutan raya Pocut Meurah Intan provinsi Naggroe Aceh Darussalam. Bogor, Indonesia. : IPB. 117 p. 1430 TD 129 TD0129-06 Status kualitas air tanah akibat air limbah domestik di kota Banda Aceh Mahfudh 2006 Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh 131 Program Pasca Sarjana Thesis Master Program Southeast Asia Indonesian Mahfudh. 2006. Status kualitas air tanah akibat air limbah domestik di kota Banda Aceh. Darussalam, Banda Aceh. : Universitas Syiah Kuala. 131 p. 1429 TD 128 TD0128-06 Pursuing livelihoods, imagining development smallholder in highland Lampung, Indonesia Ahmad Kusworo 2004 The Australian National University Australia 276 Department of Anthropology The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Southeast Asia English Kusworo A. 2004. Pursuing livelihoods, imagining development smallholder in highland Lampung, Indonesia. Australia. : The Australian National University. 276 p. G 1428 NL 26 NL0026-06 ETFRN NEWS 45/46: Forests, Water and Livelihoods 2006 European Tropical Forest Research Network (ETFRN) No. 45-46 Winter 2005/06 Southeast Asia English http://www.etfrn.org/etfrn/newsletter/news4546/index.html]]> L 1427 RP 123 RP0123-06 Carbon sequestration and trace gas emissions in slash-and-burn and alternative land uses in the humid tropics: ASB Climate Change Working Group Final Report of Phase II Cheryl A Palm, Paul L Woomer, Julio Alegre, C Castilla, D G Cordeiro, B Feigl, Kurniatun Hairiah, J Kotto-Same, A Mendes, A Moukam, Daniel Murdiyarso, R Njomgang, S M Sitompul and Meine van Noordwijk 1999 International Centre for Research in Agroforestry Nairobi, Kenya 18 Southeast Asia English Palm CA, Woomer PL, Alegre J, Castilla C, Cordeiro DG, Feigl B, Hairiah K, Kotto-Same J, Mendes A, Moukam A, Murdiyarso D, Njomgang R, Sitompul SM and van Noordwijk M. Carbon sequestration and trace gas emissions in slash-and-burn and alternative land uses in the humid tropics: ASB Climate Change Working Group Final Report of Phase II. Nairobi, Kenya. : International Centre for Research in Agroforestry. 1999. 18 p. L 1426 BC 209 BC0209-06 Tree - soil - crop interactions in sequential and simultaneous agroforestry systems Meine van Noordwijk, Kurniatun Hairiah, Betha Lusiana and Georg Cadisch L. Bergstrom and H Kirchmann 1998 Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Natural and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems. CAB-International Wallingford, UK 173-190 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K, Lusiana B and Cadisch G. 1998. Tree - soil - crop interactions in sequential and simultaneous agroforestry systems. In: Bergstrom L and Kirchmann H,eds. Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Natural and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems.. Wallingford, UK. : CAB-International. P. 173-190. L 1425 CR 24 CR0024-06 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. Proceedings from the National-Workshop on Payments for Environmental Services: Direct for biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, Manila, March 1-2, 2005 Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE Manila, Philippines CD-ROM Philippines English 2005. PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. Proceedings from the National-Workshop on Payments for Environmental Services: Direct for biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, Manila, March 1-2, 2005. [CD-ROM].Manila, Philippines. : WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE. G 1424 LE 41 LE0041-06 Erosi dan longsor tebing: Siapa yang dirugikan? Rudi Harto Widodo and Indra Suryadi 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Harto Widodo R and Suryadi I. 2006. Erosi dan longsor tebing: Siapa yang dirugikan?. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1423 LE 40 LE0040-06 Peduli kualitas air sungai:Tinjaun hewan air Bruno Verbist 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian Verbist B. 2006. Peduli kualitas air sungai: Tinjaun hewan air. [Leaflet].Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1422 MN 13 MN0013-05 Trainer?s Manual on Agricultural extension and land management Alexander U.Tabbada 2005 Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao (UDP) Davao City, Philippines 178 Philippines English Tabbada AU. 2005. Trainer’s Manual on Agricultural extension and land management. Davao City, Philippines. : Upland Development Programme in Southern Mindanao (UDP). 178 p. F 1421 PP 193 PP0193-06 Landcare approach: Enhancing partnership for sustainable upland development Agustin R Mercado, Aurora C. Laotoco, Manuel Bertomeu, Georg Cadisch, Rodel D Lasco and Regina.N. Banaticla 2005 Philippine Extension Network (PEN) Congress, Los Banos, Laguna. 2 December 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Mercado A, Laotoco AC, Bertomeu M, Cadisch G, Lasco RD and Banaticla R. 2005. Landcare approach: Enhancing partnership for sustainable upland development. Philippine Extension Network (PEN) Congress, Los Banos, Laguna. 2 December 2004. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1420 JA 233 JA0233-06 A Survey and study on food habits of migratory waterbirds along Naujan lake, oriental Mindoro province, Philippines Grace B.Villamor 2005 Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 2 Migratory waterbirds, Naujan lake, Food habits Philippines English Villamor GB. 2005. A Survey and study on food habits of migratory waterbirds along Naujan lake, oriental Mindoro province, Philippines. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation. 2 F 1419 JA 232 JA0232-06 Baseline carbon stocks assessment and projection of future carbon benefits of a carbon sequestration project in East Timor Rodel D Lasco and M.M. Cardinoza 2005 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Springer IN PRESS Philippines IN PRESS English Lasco RD and Cardinoza M. 2005. Baseline carbon stocks assessment and projection of future carbon benefits of a carbon sequestration project in East Timor. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. IN PRESS: P. . L 1418 LE 39 LE0039-05 Capacity building for the application of landcare towards enhanced democratic processes in natural resource management in Southern and Eastern Africa Charmaine Pailagao 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Philippines Philippines English Pailagao CP. 2005. Capacity building for the application of landcare towards enhanced democratic processes in natural resource management in Southern and Eastern Africa. [Leaflet].Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1417 PP 192 PP0192-06 Philippine landcare after nine years: Its impact on communities, farming household, and the local environment in Mindanao, Philippines Victoria O.Espaldon, J.D. Villanueva and Patricia Ann Sanchez 2005 2nd National Agroforestry Congress World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines This paper reviews the impacts of the Landcare Program on the community, farming household and local environment (particularly soil conservation and management) in the three sites in Mindanao: Claveria in Misamis Oriental; Lantapan in Bukidnon; and Ned, Lake Sebu in South Cotabato. This paper draws mainly from a review and synthesis of various studies conducted throughout the Landcare period from 1996-2004 and focuses on the impacts at both micro (household, plot or farm) and meso (community, institutional partnerships) levels. The center of the study is the Landcare Approach which consists basically of two components: conservation farming technologies and Landcare processes and institutions. Significant impacts are primarily in the field of improving livelihood options, human and social capital, environmental governance, and access to livelihood resources such as financial, physical and technical assistance through fostering and enhancing bonding and bridging social capital. Philippines English Espaldon VO, Villanueva J and Sanchez PA. 2005. Philippine landcare after nine years: Its impact on communities, farming household, and the local environment in Mindanao, Philippines. 2nd National Agroforestry Congress. Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1416 PP 191 PP0191-06 Participatory Assessment of Coconut-based Agroforestry in San Isidro, Bohol Rumila Bullecer, Zorina Arellano and Marco Stark 2005 2nd National Agroforestry Congress World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Bullecer R, Arellano Z and Stark M. 2005. Participatory Assessment of Coconut-based Agroforestry in San Isidro, Bohol. 2nd National Agroforestry Congress. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1415 PP 190 PP0190-06 Meeting the communication challenges of Philippines landcare Gerardo C.Boy, E. Garcia, Aurora C. Laotoco, E. Ruiz and N.Vock 2005 International Symposium of the International Network on Public Communication of Science and Technology 22-24 June 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines Philippines English Boy GC, Garcia E, Laotoco AC, Ruiz E and Vock N. 2005. Meeting the communication challenges of Philippines landcare. International Symposium of the International Network on Public Communication of Science and Technology 22-24 June 2004. Laguna, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1414 PP 189 PP0189-06 Small-scale farm forestry: an adoptable option for smallholder farmers in the Philippines? Manuel Bertomeu 2005 2nd National Agroforestry Congress: International Consultation Workshop on Smallholder Agroforestry Options for Degraded Soils (SAFODS) World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Malang, Indonesia Philippines English Bertomeu M. 2005. Small-scale farm forestry: an adoptable option for smallholder farmers in the Philippines?. 2nd National Agroforestry Congress: International Consultation Workshop on Smallholder Agroforestry Options for Degraded Soils (SAFODS). Malang, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1413 PP 188 PP0188-06 Carbon storage and sequestration potential of smallholder tree farms on Leyte Island, The Philippines Renezita F. Sales, Rodel D Lasco and Regina.N. Banaticla Steve Harrison, John Herbohn, Eduardo Mangaoang and Jerome Vanclay 2005 ACIAR Smallholder Forestry Project ASEM 200/008 redevelopment of a timber industry following extensive land clearing: Proceedings from the end-of project workshop, Ormoc City, Philippines 19-21 August 2004 ACIAR Ormoc City, Philippines 129-141 Philippines English Sales RF, Lasco RD and Banaticla R. 2005. Carbon storage and sequestration potential of smallholder tree farms on Leyte Island, The Philippines. In: Harrison S, Herbohn J, Mangaoang E and Vanclay J,eds. ACIAR Smallholder Forestry Project ASEM 200/008 redevelopment of a timber industry following extensive land clearing: Proceedings from the end-of project workshop, Ormoc City, Philippines 19-21 August 2004. Ormoc City, Philippines. ACIAR. T 1412 PP 187 PP0187-06 Enhancing adoption of soil conservation practices through technical and institutional innovations: NVS and Landcare Agustin R Mercado, Delia Catacutan, Marco Stark, Laotoco, Rodel D Lasco and Regina.N. Banaticla 2005 Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agricultural Development of Marginal Upland Areas in the Philippines, sponsored by BSWM-JICA, January 19-20, 2005 at Lopez Hall, Bureau of Soils and Water Management, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Quezon City, Philippines 12-24 Philippines English Mercado A, Catacutan D, Stark M, Laotoco , Lasco RD and Banaticla R. 2005. Enhancing adoption of soil conservation practices through technical and institutional innovations: NVS and Landcare. Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agricultural Development of Marginal Upland Areas in the Philippines, sponsored by BSWM-JICA, January 19-20, 2005 at Lopez Hall, Bureau of Soils and Water Management, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1411 BC 208 BC0208-06 Reviving the Philippine wood industry with farm-grown trees: Evidence from Northern Mindanao Manuel Bertomeu 2005 Trees in Agricultural landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Laguna, Philippines Chapter I Philippines English Bertomeu M. 2005. Reviving the Philippine wood industry with farm-grown trees: Evidence from Northern Mindanao. Trees in Agricultural landscapes: Smallholder tree growing for sustainable development and environmental conservation and rehabilitation. Chapter I. Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1410 PP 186 PP0186-06 Biomass equations for tropical tree plantation species using secondary data from the Philippines Regina.N. Banaticla, Renezita F. Sales and Rodel D Lasco Steve Harrison, John Herbohn, Jungho Suh, Eduardo Mangaoang and Jerome Vanclay 2005 ACIAR Smallholder Forestry Project ASEM 200/008 redevelopment of a timber industry following extensive land clearing: Proceedings from the end-of project workshop, Ormoc City, Philippines 19-21 August 2004 ACIAR Ormoc City, Philippines 113-128 Philippines English Banaticla R, Sales RF and Lasco RD. 2005. Biomass equations for tropical tree plantation species using secondary data from the Philippines. In: Harrison S, Herbohn J, Suh J, Mangaoang E and Vanclay J,eds. ACIAR Smallholder Forestry Project ASEM 200/008 redevelopment of a timber industry following extensive land clearing: Proceedings from the end-of project workshop, Ormoc City, Philippines 19-21 August 2004. Ormoc City, Philippines. ACIAR. G 1409 PP 185 PP0185-06 Smallholder maize-timber agroforestry systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines: Profitability and contribution to the timber industry sector Manuel Bertomeu 2003 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bonn, Germany 24 Paper Presented at The International Conference on Rural Livelihoods, Forests and Biodiversity 19-23 May 2003, Bonn, Germany Philippines English Bertomeu M. 2003. Smallholder maize-timber agroforestry systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines: Profitability and contribution to the timber industry sector. Bonn, Germany. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1407 PP 184 PP0184-06 Traditional tree farming systems in West Java and their importance to local people Gerhard Manurung, James M Roshetko and Suseno Budidarsono 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 25-32 Southeast Asia English Gerhard Manurung G, Roshetko JM and Budidarsono S. 2004. Traditional tree farming systems in West Java and their importance to local people. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. T 1406 PP 183 PP0183-06 Kemiskinan masyarakat dan ketergantungan pada sumberdaya alam : Sebuah akar penyebab kebakaran di Sumatera Selatan S. Suyanto and Noviana Khususiyah 2004 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 1-13 This study reveals that the relative importance of livelihood as sources of income in Southern Sumatra swamp has been change dramatically over the last 30 years. The change of the livelihoods was resulted from the degradation of natural resources. A high rate of land covers change from forest to large-scale plantation and transmigration settlement program, as well as a poor forestry practice and ignored the sustainability of swamp forest cause a degraded of land that use by communities. Most of the community members are poor farmers and they have less economic opportunity. The dependable of using fire to generate income is very high. The results of community fire management may not always be positive, but this also depends on whose perspective is adopted to judge the outcomes. At the global perspective, the impacts of using fire are negative, but at the local perspective, whether impacts on the environment are considered to be negative will depend to a large extent on their effects on livelihoods perspectives, the impacts could be positive. With a trade-off situation between supplying good environmental services and generating income for local community?s livelihood, it is necessary to identify policy that can improve environment and livelihood simultaneously. If farmers has imposed to implement sustainable land management that provide good environmental services that is often free to beneficiaries but costly to farmers. Southeast Asia Indonesian Suyanto S and Khususiyah N. 2004. Kemiskinan masyarakat dan ketergantungan pada sumberdaya alam : Sebuah akar penyebab kebakaran di Sumatera Selatan. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1405 JA 231 JA0231-06 Some indigenous knowledge on using urban waste water and fertilizer in vegetable cultivation and the effectiveness on the environmental suburbs surrounding Hanoi - in Vietnamese Language Dinh Viet Hung, Bui Phuong Loan, Laxman Joshi, Vu Dinh Tuan and Pham Quang Ha 2005 5 28-31 Southeast Asia Vietnamese F 1403 BK 100 BK0100-06 Determination of eligible lands for A/R CDM project activities and of priority districts for project development support in Indonesia Daniel Murdiyarso, Atie Puntodewo, Atiek Widayati and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia 39 979-24-4622-2 Southeast Asia English 0 Murdiyarso D, Puntodewo A, Widayati A and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Determination of eligible lands for A/R CDM project activities and of priority districts for project development support in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 39 p. L 1402 MN 12 MN0012-05 Facilitator's guide in formulating the municipal Natural Resource Management and Development Plan (NRMDP) Delia Catacutan, Eduardo E. Queblatin, Caroline E.Duque and Lyndon J.Arbes 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Western Mindanao Community Initiatives Project (WMCIP) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Laguna, Philippines 6 Philippines English Catacutan D, Queblatin E, Duque CE and Arbes LJ. 2005. Facilitator's guide in formulating the municipal Natural Resource Management and Development Plan (NRMDP). Laguna, Philippines. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, Western Mindanao Community Initiatives Project (WMCIP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 6 p. G 1401 PP 182 PP0182-06 Potential carbon sequestration projects in the Philippines Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin and Regina.N. Banaticla Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE Manila, Philippines 126-132 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB and Banaticla R. 2005. Potential carbon sequestration projects in the Philippines. In: Padilla JE, Tongson EE and Lasco RD,eds. PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development.. Manila, Philippines. WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE. G 1400 PP 181 PP0181-06 Knowledge-based systems (KBS) approach to access farmers' local knowledge about ecology and biodiversity Laxman Joshi Abdul Gafur, FX Susilo, Muhajir Utomo and Meine van Noordwijk 1999 Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia ASB-Indonesia and International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 111-126 Southeast Asia English Joshi L. 1999. Knowledge-based systems (KBS) approach to access farmers' local knowledge about ecology and biodiversity. In: Gafur A, Susilo FX, Utomo M and van Noordwijk M,eds. Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB-Indonesia, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. F 1399 PP 180 PP0180-06 Indigenous fallow management and biodiversity: in line with nature Paul Burgers Abdul Gafur, FX Susilo, Muhajir Utomo and Meine van Noordwijk 1999 Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia ASB-Indonesia and International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 103-110 Southeast Asia English Burgers P. 1999. Indigenous fallow management and biodiversity: in line with nature. In: Gafur A, Susilo FX, Utomo M and van Noordwijk M,eds. Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB-Indonesia, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. L 1398 BC 207 BC0207-05 Bringing local knowledge in perspective: A case of sustainable technology development in jungle rubber agroforests in Jambi, Indonesia Laxman Joshi, Meine van Noordwijk and Fergus L Sinclair Andreas Neef 2005 Participatory Approaches for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia White Lotus Press Bangkok, Thailand 277-289 Southeast Asia English Joshi L, van Noordwijk M and Sinclair FL. 2005. Bringing local knowledge in perspective: A case of sustainable technology development in jungle rubber agroforests in Jambi, Indonesia. In: Neef A,eds. Participatory Approaches for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand. : White Lotus Press. P. . F 1397 BC 206 BC0206-05 Participatory technology development in the context of integrated natural resource management Meine van Noordwijk Andreas Neef 2005 Participatory Approaches for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia White Lotus Press Bangkok, Thailand 183-202 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2005. Participatory technology development in the context of integrated natural resource management. In: Neef A,eds. Participatory Approaches for Sustainable Land Use in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand. : White Lotus Press. P. 183-202. G 1395 A0 21 A20021-05 Hutan karet: Sebuah praktek pertanian berkelanjutan 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 23 minutes VCD Southeast Asia Indonesian 2005. Hutan karet: Sebuah praktek pertanian berkelanjutan=Traditional rubber agroforests: a sustainable practice. [VCD]. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. (23 minutes) F 1394 BK 99 BK0099-06 Ecosystems and people: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) sub global assessment: Synthesis report Rodel D Lasco, Victoria O.Espaldon and Maricel A.Tapia 2005 Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos Laguna, Philippines 34 Philippines English 2005. Ecosystems and people: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) sub global assessment: Synthesis report. Laguna, Philippines. : Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos. 34 p. G 1393 PP 179 PP0179-06 Preliminary assessment of flows and sediment load in the river system of the Sumberjaya, Lampung, Sumatra: Is land use change really the main culprit? Bruno Verbist, Meine van Noordwijk, Rudi Harto Widodo, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi and Susanto 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 12 Watershed functions, Land use, Sediment load Southeast Asia English Verbist B, van Noordwijk M, Harto Widodo R, Purnomosidhi P and Susanto S. 2006. Preliminary assessment of flows and sediment load in the river system of the Sumberjaya, Lampung, Sumatra: Is land use change really the main culprit?. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1392 PR 28 PR0028-06 Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia Abdul Gafur, FX Susilo, Muhajir Utomo and Meine van Noordwijk 1999 ASB-Indonesia and University of Lampung Bogor, Indonesia ASB Report No. 9 203 Southeast Asia English 1999. Proceedings of the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia : ASB-Indonesia, University of Lampung. 203 p. L 1391 BC 205 BC0205-05 Forest conversion and watershed functions in the humid tropics Meine van Noordwijk Daniel Murdiyarso and T.Tsuruta 2000 The Impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Asia. Global Change Impacts Centre for Southeast Asia (IC-SEA) and National Institute of Agro-Environmental Studies (NIAES), Bogor/Tsukuba, Indonesia/Japan IC-SEA and NIAES 97-106 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2000. Forest conversion and watershed functions in the humid tropics. In: Murdiyarso D and Tsuruta T,eds. The Impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Asia. Global Change Impacts Centre for Southeast Asia (IC-SEA) and National Institute of Agro-Environmental Studies (NIAES), Bogor/Tsukuba, Indonesia/Japan. : IC-SEA and NIAES. P. 97-106. L 1390 PP 178 PP0178-06 Evolution of land-use types in Indonesia and selection of North Lampung (Tulang Bawang) and Jambi (Batang Hari) transects Meine van Noordwijk Abdul Gafur, FX Susilo, Muhajir Utomo and Meine van Noordwijk 1999 Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia ASB-Indonesia and International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia ASB Indonesia report no. 9 161-175 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 1999. Evolution of land-use types in Indonesia and selection of North Lampung (Tulang Bawang) and Jambi (Batang Hari) transects. In: Gafur A, Susilo FX, Utomo M and van Noordwijk M,eds. Proceedings of workshop the management of agrobiodiversity in Indonesia for sustainable land use and global environmental benefits. Workshop held on August 19-20, 1999, in Bogor, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. ASB-Indonesia, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. L 1389 BC 204 BC0204-05 Erosion and sedimentation as multiscale, fractal process: Implications for models, experiments and the real world Meine van Noordwijk, M van Roode, E L McCallie and Betha Lusiana F W T Penning de Vries, Fahmudin Agus and J Kerr 1998 Soil erosion at multiple scales: Principles and methods for assessing causes and impacts CAB-International Wallingford, UK 223-253 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, van Roode M, McCallie EL and Lusiana B. 1998. Erosion and sedimentation as multiscale, fractal process: Implications for models, experiments and the real world. In: Penning de Vries FW, Agus F and Kerr J,eds. Soil erosion at multiple scales. Wallingford, UK. : CAB-International. P. 223-253. F 1388 JA 230 JA0230-06 An analysis of the economic values of novel cropping systems in N.E. Thailand and S. Sumatra A.P.Whitmore, Georg Cadisch, B Toomsan, V Limpinuntana, Meine van Noordwijk and Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi 2000 Netherlands Journal Agricultural Science 48 105-114 Southeast Asia English Whitmore A, Cadisch G, Toomsan B, Limpinuntana V, van Noordwijk M and Purnomosidhi P. 2000. An analysis of the economic values of novel cropping systems in N.E. Thailand and S. Sumatra. Netherlands Journal Agricultural Science. 48: P. 105-114. F 1387 BK 98 BK0098-06 Root methods: A handbook A L Smith, A G Bengough, C.Engels, Meine van Noordwijk, S Pellerin and S C Van de Geijn 2000 Springer Heidelberg, Germany 587 3-540-66728-8 Southeast Asia English Smith AL, Bengough AG, Engels C, van Noordwijk M, Pellerin S and Van de Geijn S. 2000. Root methods: A handbook. Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. 587 p. L 1386 BK 97 BK0097-06 Ecosystems and people: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) sub global assessment Rodel D Lasco, Victoria O.Espaldon and Maricel A.Tapia 2005 Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos Laguna, Philippines 234 971-547-237-0 Philippines English 0 2005. Ecosystems and people: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) sub global assessment. Laguna, Philippines. : Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources-University of the Philippines Los Banos. 234 p. L 1385 PP 177 PP0177-06 Conference-workshop report Jose E.Padilla, Ma. Eugenia C. Bennagen, Edgardo E.Tongson, Rodel D Lasco and Marilyn O.Tolosa Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE Manila, Philippines 7-23 Philippines English Padilla JE, Bennagen ME, Tongson EE, Lasco RD and Tolosa MO. 2005. Conference-workshop report. In: Padilla JE, Tongson EE and Lasco RD,eds. PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. Manila, Philippines. WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE. G 1383 JA 228 JA0228-06 Density fractionation of soil macroorganic matter using silica suspensions Frits W Meijboom, J Hassink and Meine van Noordwijk 1995 Soil Biology Biochemistry Pergamon 27 8 1109-1111 Southeast Asia English Meijboom F, Hassink J and van Noordwijk M. 1995. Density fractionation of soil macroorganic matter using silica suspensions. Soil Biology Biochemistry. 27(8):P. 1109-1111. L 1382 JA 227 JA0227-06 Two-dimensional growth of a root system modelled as a diffusion process I. Analytical solutions Peter De Willigen, M Heinen, A Mollier and Meine van Noordwijk 2002 Plant and Soil Kluwer Academic Publishers 240 225-234 Southeast Asia English De Willigen P, Heinen M, Mollier A and van Noordwijk M. 2002. Two-dimensional growth of a root system modelled as a diffusion process I. Analytical solutions. Plant and Soil. 240: P. 225-234. L 1380 BC 203 BC0203-06 Reforming the reformists in post-Soeharto Indonesia Chip C Fay and Martua T Sirait Carol Colfer and Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo 2002 Which way forward? People, forests, and policy making in Indonesia Resources for the Future (RFF) Press Washington, DC, USA 126-143 Southeast Asia English Fay CC and Sirait MT. 2002. Reforming the reformists in post-Soeharto Indonesia. In: Colfer CJ and Resosudarmo IA,eds. Which way forward? People, forests, and policy making in Indonesia. Washington, DC, USA. : Resources for the Future (RFF) Press. P. 126-143. G 1379 PP 176 PP0176-06 Pemasaran untuk hasil-hasil wanatani di tingkat petani James M Roshetko and Yulianti James M Roshetko, Mulawarman, Wiji Johar Santoso and I Nyoman Oka 2002 Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 101-111 Southeast Asia Indonesian Roshetko JM and Yulianti . 2002. Pemasaran untuk hasil-hasil wanatani di tingkat petani. In: Roshetko JM, Mulawarman , Santoso WJ and Oka IN,eds. Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali. Bogor, Indonesia. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. T 1378 PP 175 PP0175-06 Apakah dampak lingkungan sistem wanatani? Perdebatan fungsi publik dan privat wanatani yang dikelola oleh rakyat atas tanah dan sumber daya alam lainnya Chip C Fay and Martua T Sirait James M Roshetko, Mulawarman, Wiji Johar Santoso and I Nyoman Oka 2002 Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali. Denpasar, Bali International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 113-120 Southeast Asia English Fay CC and Sirait MT. 2002. Apakah dampak lingkungan sistem wanatani? Perdebatan fungsi publik dan privat wanatani yang dikelola oleh rakyat atas tanah dan sumber daya alam lainnya. In: Roshetko JM, Mulawarman , Santoso WJ and Oka IN,eds. Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali. Denpasar, Bali. Bogor, Indonesia. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. F 1377 PP 174 PP0174-06 Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Ringkasan hasil lokakarya James M Roshetko and Mulawarman James M Roshetko, Mulawarman, Wiji Johar Santoso and I Nyoman Oka 2002 Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali. Denpasar, Bali International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 1-17 Southeast Asia Indonesian Roshetko JM and Mulawarman . 2002. Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Ringkasan hasil lokakarya. In: Roshetko JM, Mulawarman , Santoso WJ and Oka IN,eds. Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001, Denpasar, Bali. Denpasar, Bali. Bogor, Indonesia. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. T 1376 PP 173 PP0173-06 Analisis nilai ekonomi wanatani Suseno Budidarsono James M Roshetko, Mulawarman, Wiji Johar Santoso and I Nyoman Oka 2002 Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding lokakarya wanatani se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001 Denpasar, Bali International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia 93-100 Southeast Asia Indonesian Budidarsono S. 2002. Analisis nilai ekonomi wanatani. In: Roshetko JM, Mulawarman , Santoso WJ and Oka IN,eds. Wanatani di Nusa Tenggara: Prosiding lokakarya wanatani se-Nusa Tenggara 11-14 November 2001 Denpasar, Bali. Bogor, Indonesia. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. F 1375 BK 96 BK0096-06 Development of sustainable land use practices in the uplands for food security: An array of field methods developed in Vietnam Minh Ha Hoang Fagerstrom, Meine van Noordwijk and Y.Nyberg 2005 Science and Technics Publishing House Hanoi, Vietnam 58 150-133, 4/2/2005 Vietnam English 0 Fagerstrom MH, van Noordwijk M and Nyberg Y. 2005. Development of sustainable land use practices in the uplands for food security: An array of field methods developed in Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam. : Science and Technics Publishing House. 58 p. G 1374 BL 32 BL0032-06 Burung pada agroforestri kopi di Lampung Trudy O'Connor, Subekti Rahayu and Meine van Noordwijk 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 28 979-3198-29-X Di daerah tropis khususnya, beberapa jenis burung hutan mulai hilang. Hutan-hutan ditebang untuk dijadikan lahan pertanian atau tanaman industri dengan alasan karena dapat memberikan pendapatan dengan cepat dan kesempatan kerja lebih banyak dari pada hutan. Bahkan sejumlah orang melihat bahwa pertanian dapat meingkatkan pendapatan. Dengan hilangnya hutan berarti beberapa jenis tumbuhan dan hewan yang hidup di hutan dalam keadaan terancam, meskipun ada beberapa yang mampu menyesuaikan diri dan melangsungkan kehidupannya di kebun petani. Jadi, tidak semua ?fungsi hutan? hilang akibat alih lahan; tergantung bagaimana lahan tersebut dikelola. Burung adalah kelompok hewan yang relatif mudah dikenal dan diidentifikasi di alam bebas. Mereka mempunyai peranan penting dalam suatu ekosistemalam dan juga dapat memberikan manfaat pada ekosistem pertanian yang menggantikan hutan. Masing-masing jenis mempunyai peranan yang berbeda, oleh karena itu mempertahankan keberadaan beberapa jenis merupakan hal yang penting. Beberapa masyarakat di Lampung yang diwawancarai mengatakan bahwa burung memberikan keindahan alam dan menyenangkan. Sementara, masyarakat lain mengatakan bahwa burung bermanfaat dalam penyerbukan bunga, memperbaiki kesuburan tanah atau secara umum memberikan sumbangan terhadap keberlanjutan suatu usahatani. Sebagian besar masyarakat mengatakan bahwa burung berperan dalam mengendalikan hama. Meskipun belum ada informasi secara langsung yang menyatakan bahwa populasi burung di daerah ini telah berubah, namun masyarakat yang diwawancarai mengindikasikan adanya kejadian tersebut berdasarkan pengamatan mereka. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa 79% masyarakat mengatakan bahwa populasi burung telah berkurang, sementara 71% mengatakan bahwa jenis-jenis burung yang ada saat ini telah berubah. Sepertinya, perubahan tersebut terjadi karena hilangnya hutan sebagai habitat burung dan meningkatnya penangkapan burung di daerah ini. Bagi beberapa jenis burung, perubahan hutan dianggap tidak sesuai untuk kehidupannya karena tidak ada makanan yang sesuai, tidak ada tempat untuk bersembunyi atau tidak ada tempat bertengger untuk mengintai mangsanya. Sebenarnya masyarakat setempat menyadari kejadian ini, tetapi mereka percaya bahwa burung-burung yang hilang tersebut dapat menemukan tempat hidup di hutan lain. Namun kenyataannya, alih guna hutan terjadi di seluruh Lampung, Sumatra, bahkan Indonesia. Jadi, kemana lagi burung-burung itu pergi? Beberapa jenis burung yang ada di daerah ini tidak mungkin ditemukan di daerah lain karena mereka adalah endemic di Sumatra, dan jika hutan di Sumatra yang menjadi habitatnya hilang, mereka tidak dapat berpindah kemanapun juga: mereka akan menjadi langka bahkan punah untuk selamanya. Sementara itu, burung-burung yang beruntung akibat alih guna hutan adalah burung yang mampu beradaptasi pada tempat agak terbuka atau pada tempat terbuka. Jenis ini akan menjadi lebih banyak populasinya. Namun demikian, bagi ahli konservasi, jumlah yang banyak tersebut tidak dapat menggantikan burung-burung hutan yang hilang, karena jenis tersebut cenderung melimpah dan menyebar. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, kita ingin menunjukkan burung-burung apa saja yang dapat ditemukan pada tipe habitat yang berbeda pada hamparan kopi di Lampung. Kita berharap, ilustrasi ini dapat memacu dalam memberikan perlindun gan yang lebih baik terhadap burung-burung hutan, sementara masih dapat memberikan pendapatan bagi petani. Agroforestri, dimana kopi ditanam di bawah naungan pohon buah-buahan dan kayu-kayuan adalah salah satu pilihannya. Beberapa jenis burung menyukai habitat ini, seperti kita tunjukkan pada halaman-halaman selanjutnya, tetapi sebagian lagi hanya dapat tinggal di hutan. Southeast Asia For Sale Indonesian 0 O'Connor T, Rahayu S and van Noordwijk M. Burung pada agroforestri kopi di Lampung. Bogor, Indonesia. : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2005. 28 p. L 1373 BL 31 BL0031-06 Birds in a coffee agroforestry landscape in Lampung Trudy O'Connor, Subekti Rahayu and Meine van Noordwijk 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 27 979-3198-30-3 Birds are losing their forests, especially in the tropics. The main reason that forests are cut down and converted to other land use is that agriculture or industrial tree crops provide more immediate income and labour opportunities than forest. Further, the number of people who look to agriculture to provide their income is increasing. With the loss of the forest, many species of plants and animals are under threat. However, some can adapt to the change and continue to thrive in the gardens that farmers make? So, not all the ?forest functions? are necessarily lost when forests are converted; much depends on how the land is managed subsequently. Birds are a group of animals that are relatively well known and possible to identify in the wild. They play significant roles in the natural ecosystem and can also provide many benefits in the agro-ecosystems that replace natural forests. The species play different roles, so it is important to maintain many types. Many people who we interviewed in Lampung said that birds provide natural beauty and make them happy. Others also said that birds pollinate flowers and disperse seeds, improve soil fertility or generally contribute to sustainability. The benefit most commonly mentioned was that of pest control. However, while we have no direct information on how bird populations have changed in the area, the community indicated that they have observed this occurring. In fact 79% of people interviewed said that bird populations have reduced, while 71% also said that the bird species present have changed. It seems likely that the main reasons for this change are the loss of forest as habitat and the increase in trapping in the area. For many forest birds, the habitat that replaces the forest is not suitable as there is no food available, no place and material for making a nest, no place to hide, or no perches from which they can hunt. While local people are aware of this, they usually believe that the birds can find somewhere else to live. However, forest conversion occurs across Lampung, across Sumatra and across Indonesia -- so where will the birds go? Some of the bird species in these areas do not occur elsewhere on the world (they are ?endemic? to Sumatra), and if their forest habitat is lost on Sumatra, they will have nowhere to go: they will be extinct ? lost forever. Meanwhile, some other types of birds benefit from the conversion, as they are well adapted to half-open or open habitat. These species will occur in greater numbers. However, to conservationists, this does not ?compensate? for the loss of forest birds, as the birds of half-open and open habitat tend to be already common and widespread.With this background, we want to illustrate what birds can be found in different types of habitat in the coffee landscapes of Lampung. We hope this can stimulate measures to better protect the forest birds, while still providing income opportunities for the farmers. Agroforestry, where coffee is grown under an upper canopy of fruit or timber trees is one of the choices. Some birds like it, as we will show on the following pages, but for some others, forest is really their only home. Southeast Asia For Sale English 0 O'Connor T, Rahayu S and van Noordwijk M. Birds in a coffee agroforestry landscape in Lampung. Bogor, Indonesia : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2005. 27 p. L 1372 LN 40 LN0040-06 Panduan menggunakan model WaNulCAS versi 2.06 Betha Lusiana and Rachmat Mulia 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Bahan Ajar 9 153-170 Southeast Asia English Lusiana B and Mulia R. 2002. Panduan menggunakan model WaNulCAS versi 2.06. In: WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri. Bahan Ajar 9Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. 153-170 p. L 1371 LN 39 LN0039-06 Model simulasi komputer untuk mengelola interaksi pohon-tanah-tanaman semusim Meine van Noordwijk and Betha Lusiana 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia v-x Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M and Lusiana B. 2002. Model simulasi komputer untuk mengelola interaksi pohon-tanah-tanaman semusim. : WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri. Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. v-x p. L 1370 LN 38 LN0038-06 Estimasi biomasa tajuk dan akar pohon dalam sistem agroforestri: analisis cabang fungsional (Functional Branch Analysis, FBA) untuk membuat persamaan alometrik pohon Meine van Noordwijk, Rachmat Mulia and Kurniatun Hairiah 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Bahan Ajar 8 138-152 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M, Mulia R and Hairiah K. 2002. Estimasi biomasa tajuk dan akar pohon dalam sistem agroforestri: analisis cabang fungsional (Functional Branch Analysis, FBA) untuk membuat persamaan alometrik pohon. : WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri. Bahan Ajar 8Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. 138-152 p. L 1369 LN 37 LN0037-06 Neraca air dalam sistem agroforestri Didik Suprayogo, Widianto, Betha Lusiana and Meine van Noordwijk 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Bahan Ajar 7 125-135 Southeast Asia English Suprayogo D, Widianto , Lusiana B and van Noordwijk M. 2002. Neraca air dalam sistem agroforestri. : WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri,. Bahan Ajar 7Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. 125-135 p. L 1368 LN 36 LN0036-06 Neraca hara dan karbon dalam sistem agroforestri Kurniatun Hairiah, Sri Rahayu Utami, Betha Lusiana and Meine van Noordwijk 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Bahan Ajar 6 105-123 Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Utami SR, Lusiana B and van Noordwijk M. 2002. Neraca hara dan karbon dalam sistem agroforestri. : WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri. Bahan Ajar 6Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. 105-123 p. L 1367 LN 35 LN0035-06 Interaksi antara pohon-tanah-tanaman semusim: Kunci keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam sistem agroforestri Kurniatun Hairiah, Meine van Noordwijk and Didik Suprayogo 2002 WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme Bogor, Indonesia Bahan Ajar 2 19-41 Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, van Noordwijk M and Suprayogo D. 2002. Interaksi antara pohon-tanah-tanaman semusim: Kunci keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam sistem agroforestri. : WaNuLCAS Model Simulasi Untuk Sistem Agroforestri. Bahan Ajar 2Bogor, Indonesia International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, SEA Regional Research Programme. 19-41 p. 1365 PP 172 PP0172-06 Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of upland-lowland relationships Danan Prasetyo Hadi and Meine van Noordwijk 2005 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 17 Southeast Asia English Hadi DP and van Noordwijk M. 2005. Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of upland-lowland relationships. Bogor, Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1364 PP 171 PP0171-06 Donkeys, carrots, sticks and roads to a market for environmental services Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk and Trudy O'Connor 2006 Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 13 110-118 Southeast Asia English van Noordwijk M. 2006. Donkeys, carrots, sticks and roads to a market for environmental services. In: van Noordwijk M and O'Connor T,eds. Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1363 PP 170 PP0170-06 Mycorrhiza requirements of Dipterocarp trees for agroforests Tata Hesti Lestari and Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk and Trudy O'Connor 2006 Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 13 16-19 Southeast Asia English Lestari TH and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Mycorrhiza requirements of Dipterocarp trees for agroforests. In: van Noordwijk M and O'Connor T,eds. Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1362 PP 169 PP0169-06 Impact analysis of HKm (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) on livelihoods and land management in Sumberjaya S. Suyanto Meine van Noordwijk and Trudy O'Connor 2006 Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 13 75-80 Southeast Asia English Suyanto S. 2006. Impact analysis of HKm (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) on livelihoods and land management in Sumberjaya. In: van Noordwijk M and O'Connor T,eds. Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia.. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1361 PP 168 PP0168-06 Forest tree regeneration in rubber agroforests in Jambi Saida Rasnovi, Gregoire Vincent and Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk and Trudy O'Connor 2006 Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Working Paper No. 13 11-15 Southeast Asia English Rasnovi S, Vincent G and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Forest tree regeneration in rubber agroforests in Jambi. In: van Noordwijk M and O'Connor T,eds. Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. F 1360 PP 167 PP0167-06 Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of upland-lowland relationships Danan Prasetyo Hadi and Meine van Noordwijk Meine van Noordwijk and Trudy O'Connor 2006 Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia ICRAF Southeast Asia Working Paper 2006_1 62-66 Southeast Asia English Hadi DP and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Agro-ecosystems, their population densities and land cover in Indonesia in the context of upland-lowland relationships. In: van Noordwijk M and O'Connor T,eds. Highlights of ongoing research of the world agroforestry centre in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. L 1359 JA 226 JA0226-06 Pemanfaatan bagas dan daduk tebu untuk perbaikan status bahan organik tanah dan produksi tebu di Lampung Utara: Pengukuran dan estimasi simulasi WANULCAS Kurniatun Hairiah, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Ni'matul Khasanah, Nazarudin Nasution, Betha Lusiana and Meine van Noordwijk 2003 AGRIVITA Brawijaya University 25 (Februari) 30-40 Bagas, WANULCAS, Simulation, Trash Sugarcane, LCC, Organic Materials Southeast Asia Indonesian Hairiah K, Purnomosidhi P, Khasanah N, Nasution N, Lusiana B and van Noordwijk M. 2003. Pemanfaatn bagas dan daduk tebu untuk perbaikan status bahan organik tanah dan produksi tebu di Lampung Utara: Pengukuran dan estimasi simulasi WANULCAS. AGRIVITA. 25 (Februari): P. 30-40. L 1358 PO 56 PO0056-05 Burung-burung di Sumberjaya=Birds in Sumberjaya Trudy O'Connor 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia Southeast Asia Indonesian O'Connor T. Burung-burung di Sumberjaya=Birds in Sumberjaya. Bogor, Indonesia : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 1357 BK 95 BK0095-06 Kompensasi jasa lingkungan dan masyarakat pedesaan: Pengalaman dari benua Amerika dan isu-isu utama penguatan strategi masyarakat Herman Rosa, Susan Kandel and Leopoldo Dimas Beria Leimona and Wisnu Arto Subari 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 74 Translated by Vera Dian Damayanti Southeast Asia For Sale Indonesian 0 Rosa H, Kandel S and Dimas L. 2006. Kompensasi jasa lingkungan dan masyarakat pedesaan: Pengalaman dari benua Amerika dan isu-isu utama penguatan strategi masyarakat.In: Leimona, Beria and Subari, Wisnu Arto,eds. Bogor, Indonesia : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 74 p. G 1356 BL 30 BL0030-05 RUPES Catalogue 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Bogor, Indonesia 34 Southeast Asia English RUPES Catalogue. Bogor, Indonesia : World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 2006. 34 p. G 1355 PP 166 PP0166-06 Institutional issues and political challenges in scaling up agroforestry: The case of Landcare in the Philippines Delia Catacutan and Edith Tejada 2006 World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office Lantapan, Bukidnon. Philippines 14 Agroforestry has considerable potential to address the twin problems of rural poverty and environmental degradation in the Philippine uplands. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) has been promoting agroforestry by working with a range of partners including local governments and communities. In particular, ICRAF helped initiate the Landcare Program, a successful farmer-led extension program based on community landcare groups, in the Municipality of Claveria in the northern Mindanao. The Landcare Program has resulted in widespread adoption of agroforestry practices and, as a consequence, has been scaled up to several other sites to achieve wider adoption, and increase the impacts of agroforestry. Results of four case studies to assess the factors promoting effective scaling up of agroforestry within the Landcare Program are presented. It was found that Landcare was associated with rapid adoption of soil conservation and agroforestry technologies in the different sites, due to the strong latent demand for the technologies. Landcare groups were the key to success but required on-going support to function well. Reliance on local governments as the ?lead institution? tied the Landcare program to political and budgetary cycles, undermining sustainability. The case studies indicate that scaling up agroforestry practices depends on the viability of the landcare approach. It was also found that some features of the local context, the effectiveness of implementing strategies, the relevance of the landcare approach, and institutional capacity promoted successful scaling up. Furthermore, institutional and political barriers to scaling up should be removed, and broader institutional and political support should be in placed to promote rapid scaling up of agroforestry. Philippines English Catacutan D and Tejada E. 2006. Institutional issues and political challenges in scaling up agroforestry: The case of Landcare in the Philippines. Lantapan, Bukidnon. Philippines. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. G 1354 JA 225 JA0225-06 Litter layer residence time in forest and coffee agroforestry systems in Sumberjaya, West Lampung Kurniatun Hairiah, Hermi Sulistyani, Didik Suprayogo, Widianto, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Rudy Harto Widodo and Meine van Noordwijk 2006 Forest Ecology and Management Elsevier 224 1-2 45–57 Litter thickness, Ecosystem engineer, Macroporosity, Litter residence time, Forest conversion Southeast Asia English Hairiah K, Sulistyani H, Suprayogo D, Widianto , Purnomosidhi P, Harto Widodo R and van Noordwijk M. 2006. Litter layer residence time in forest and coffee agroforestry systems in Sumberjaya, West Lampung. Forest Ecology and Management. 224(1-2):P. 45–57. F 1353 PP 165 PP0165-06 RUPES: A step forward Beria Leimona Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE Manila, Philippines 74-87 Southeast Asia English Leimona B. 2005. RUPES: A step forward. In: Padilla JE, Tongson EE and Lasco RD,eds. PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. Manila, Philippines. WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE. 74-87 G 1352 PP 164 PP0164-06 Opportunities and challenges in environmental service payments: Crabon sequestration Rodel D Lasco, Florencia B Pulhin and M.Regina.N. Banaticla Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE Manila, Philippines 50-61 Philippines English Lasco RD, Pulhin FB and Banaticla M. 2005. Opportunities and challenges in environmental service payments: Crabon sequestration. In: Padilla JE, Tongson EE and Lasco RD,eds. PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development. Manila, Philippines. WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE. 50-61 L 1351 PR 27 PR0027-05 PES: Sustainable financing for conservation and development Jose E.Padilla, Edgardo E.Tongson and Rodel D Lasco 2005 Proceedings from the National-Workshop on Payments for Environmental Services: Direct for biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, Manila, March 1-2, 2005 WWF,World Agroforestry Centre- ICRAF SEA Regional Office, REECS, UP-CIDS, UPLB-ENFOR, CARE 279 971-93019-9-6 Philippines English 0 2005. PES: Sustainable financing for conser